CLASS XII

CHAPTER 2 : INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER

Domain, Range and Principal Value Branch of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

𝟏
i) • 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 𝒙, 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝒙
𝟏
• 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 𝒙, 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝒙
𝟏
• 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 = 𝒄𝒐𝒕−𝟏 𝒙, 𝑥 > 0
𝒙

ii) • 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 (−𝒙) = −𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙, 𝑥 ∈ [−1,1]

• 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (−𝒙) = −𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
• 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 (−𝒙) = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 𝒙, 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ −1
• 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 (−𝒙) = 𝝅 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙 , 𝑥 ∈ [−1,1]
• 𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 (−𝒙) = 𝝅 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 𝒙, 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ −1
• 𝒄𝒐𝒕−𝟏 (−𝒙) = 𝝅 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕−𝟏 𝒙, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
iii) 𝝅
• 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙 = , 𝑥 ∈ [−1,1]
𝟐
𝝅
• 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕−𝟏 𝒙 = , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝟐
𝝅
• 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒆𝒄−𝟏 𝒙 = , |𝑥| ≥ 1
𝟐

iv) 𝒙+𝒚
• 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒚 = , 𝑥𝑦 < 1
𝟏−𝒙𝒚
𝒙−𝒚
• 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒚 = , 𝒙𝒚 > −𝟏
𝟏+𝒙𝒚
𝟐𝒙
• 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) , |𝑥| < 1
𝟏−𝒙𝟐

v) 𝟐𝒙
• 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( ) , |𝑥| ≤ 1
𝟏+𝒙𝟐
𝟏−𝒙𝟐
• 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( ), 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝟏+𝒙𝟐
𝟐𝒙
• 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) , |𝑥| < 1
𝟏−𝒙𝟐

vi) IMPORTANT SUBSTITUTIONS

Some more Important Formulas

vii) sin2 A + cos2 A = 1

1 + tan2 A = sec2 A

1 + cot2 A = cosec2 A
viii) sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

sin (A - B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B

cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B

cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B

(𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁)
ix) tan (A + B) =
(𝟏 – 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁)

(𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁)
tan (A - B) =
(𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁)

𝑨 𝑨
x) sin2A = 2 sinA cosA sin A = 2 sin cos
𝟐 𝟐

𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀
=
𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝐀

cos2A = cos2A – sin2A 1 + cos 2A = 2cos2A

𝑨
= 1 – 2sin2A 1 + cos A = 2cos2
𝟐

= 2cos2A – 1 1 - cos 2A = 2sin2A

𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝐀 𝑨
= 1 - cos A = 2sin2
𝟏+ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝐀 𝟐

𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀
tan 2A =
𝟏− 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝐀

xi) sin3A = 3 sinA – 4 sin3 A

cos3A = 4 cos3 A – 3 cosA

𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐀− 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝐀
tan3A =
𝟏− 𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝐀
xii) sin C + sin D = 2 sin [(C + D)/2] cos [(C - D)/2]

sin C – sin D = 2 cos [(C + D)/2] sin [(C - D)/2]

cos C + cos D = 2 cos [(C + D)/2] cos [(C - D)/2]

cos C – cos D = - 2 sin [(C + D)/2] sin [(C - D)/2]

xiii) 2 sin x sin y = [cos(x – y) − cos (x + y)]

2 cos x cos y = [cos(x + y) + cos(x - y)]

2 sin x cos y = [sin(x + y) + sin(x − y)]

2 cos x sin y = [sin(x + y) – sin(x − y)]