June 2019 LEA STRUCL

JPT REVIEW CENTER JUNE 2019 ALE
STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURAL DESIGN PARTPart
2 2
1. Newton (N) is the SI unit of Force and was named after Isaac Newton in recognition of
his contributions to the field of Mechanics. It is denoted by N and is expressed in
a. kg m/s2 c. kg m/s
2 2
b. kg m /s d. kg m2/s
2. What usually happens to steel when stressed?
a. Bend c. Break
b. Twist d. Rupture
3. Pascal (Pa), the SI unit of stress, is expressed in
a. N/m c. kg/m
2
b. N/m d. kgm/s2
4. The unit of stress in the Imperial System.
a. Pascal c. psi
b. N/m2 d. grains
5. The deformation of a body under the action of an applied force. It is the ratio of the
change in size and shape to the original size and shape of the body.
a. Stress c. Deflection
b. Strain d.
6. It is the Force per unit Area (F/A)on a body that tends to cause it to change shape
a. Stress
b. Strain
7. It is the Stress caused by an applied load that acts to reduce the length of a material
along the axis of the applied load.
a. Shear Stress c. Compressive Stress
b. Tensile Stress d. Normal Stress
8. It is the Stress caused by an applied load that tends to elongate the material along the
axis of the applied load.
9. It is the Stress caused by a pair of opposing forces that acts along parallel lines
through the material.
10. It is the change in shape of a material created when stress is applied .
a. Strain c. Deflection
b. Deformation d.
11. An instrument used to measure deformation
a. Strain Gauge c.
b. Extensometer d.
12. A term to describe the magnitude to which a structural element is displaced when
subjected to an applied load.
a. Strain c. Deflection
b. Deformation d.
13. It is the amount of stress that a material can undergo before moving from elastic
deformation into plastic deformation
a. Yield Strength
b. Ultimate Tensile Strength
14. Compressive Strength
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15. Tensile Strength

16. Fatigue Strength
17. Impact Strength
18. It is the first stress in a material at which an increase in strain occurs without an
increase in stress
a. Ultimate Strength c. Yield Strength
b. Yield Point d. Point of Breaking
19. What do you call the point wherein a material is about to Rupture?
a. Ultimate Strength c. Point of No Return
b. Point of Breaking d.
20. The point in the stress-strain curve beyond which the material permanently deforms
after removing the load
a. Proportional Limit c. Atterberg Limit
b. Elastic Limit d. Plastic Limit
21. It is the ability of a material to return to its previous shape after stress is released.
a. Ductility c. Elongatability
b. Elasticity d. Young’s Modulus
22. A material that possesses a very high Young’s Modulus is
a. Elastic c. Flexible
b. Rigid d. Hard
23. What is Modulus of Elasticity?
a. F/A c. (F/A) / (dL/L)
b. –k dL d. 3PL/2wt2
24. What do you call ratio Stress / Strain?
a. Poisson’s Ratio c. Hooke’s Law
b. Modulus of Elasticity d. Safety Factor, fs
25. Young’s Modulus is the ratio of Stress along an axis to the Strain along that axis in the
range of stress in which Hooke’s law holds. It is also known as
a. Modulus of Elasticity c. Modulus of Rigidity
b. Bulk Modulus d. Poisson’s Ratio
26. Also called the Shear Modulus, it is the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain and is
denoted by G.
a. Modulus of Rigidity c. Poisson’s Ratio
b. Young’s Modulus d. Bulk Modulus
27. The ratio of Lateral Strain / Longitudinal Strain
a. Poisson’s Ratio c. Hooke’s Law
b. Modulus of Elasticity d. Safety Factor, fs
28. The greatest stress at which a material is capable of sustaining the applied load
without deviating from the proportionality of stress to strain. It is expressed in psi or
kg/mm2
a. Proportional Limit c. Atterberg Limit
b. Elastic Limit d. Plastic Limit
29. Study Elastic Limit/ Plastic Limit/ Proportional Limit/ Working Stress
30. What is the most important determinant of concrete strength?
a. Water c. Sand
b. Cement d. Gravel
31. What deformation does a beam contain?
a. Deformation c. Elongation
b. Deflection d. Compression
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32. Why should rebars have concrete cover?

a. Prevent Rust c. Strength
b. Aesthetic Considerations d. Adhesion
33. Minimum concrete cover for slab on fill?
a. 50 mm c. 75 mm
b. 40 mm d. 20 mm
34. Minimum cover for concrete permanently exposed to earth?
a. 40 mm c. 70 mm
b. 50 mm d. 75 mm
35. What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place 2nd floor slabs considering 42mm
dia bars?
a. 40 mm c. 50 mm
b. 20 mm d. 75 mm
36. What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place 3rd floor slabs considering 36mm
dia bars?
a. 40 mm c. 50 mm
b. 20 mm d. 75 mm
37. What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place beams not exposed to weather?
a. 40 mm c. 50 mm
b. 20 mm d. 75 mm
38. What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place beams exposed to weather
considering 20mm dia bars?
a. 40 mm c. 50 mm
b. 20 mm d. 75 mm
39. What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place columns exposed to weather
considering 36mm dia bars?
a. 40 mm c. 50 mm
b. 20 mm d. 75 mm
40. The minimum concrete cover for column footing is
a. 75mm c. 30mm
b. 40mm d. 50mm
41. What is the minimum concrete cover of cast-in-place columns not exposed to
weather?
a. 40 mm c. 50 mm
b. 20 mm d. 75 mm
NOTE: Study CONCRETE COVERS considering ALL given situations as
stated in the NSCP.
42. Why is it that rebars should have concrete cover?
a. To prevent rust c. Strength
b. For aesthetic consideration d. Adhesion
43. What’s the most probable reason why a slab-on-fill cracks?
a. Improper soil compaction c. Lack of reinforcing bars
b. Failure of concrete mix d.
44. A method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. It is a very significant part of
the building process and if improperly done could cause soil settlement which could
result to unnecessary maintenance costs or structure failure. There are several
methods of achieving this which include: Static, Impact, Vibrating, Gyrating, Rolling
and Kneading.
a. Soil Compaction c. Soil Stabilization
b. Soil Liquefaction d. Pile Driving
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45. A structural plan is given, identify how many bars were used in the column
(at right).
46. Given a footing plan, determine how deep is the footing; how deep is the
excavation;
47. Plan reading…may isang plan for structural madaming

columns but sa problem naka-indicate ano lang ang
focus problem, madaming details kaya wag
magpalito….again kahit di ka nagsite dito basta
humawak/gumawa ka ng plan ng bungalow madali 1.75
lang ito…
48. Given the plan, determine how many main bars were
used? 0.50
49. Given a Foundation Plan, Schedule of Footings 0.05
& Columns…
a. In the given figure at right, what is the depth of the excavation?
b. In the given figure at right, if the footing is 1.50 x 1.50, what is the volume of 0.40
soil to be excavated?
c. Determine the Number of Main Bars and Size used in the Column.
d. Determine the number of Stirrups used per interval 50, 80 100.
e. Determine the distance of the first Stirrup from the face of the column
f. If the Column is 0.3 x 0.3 x 3m, compute the Volume of Concrete.
g. Compute the volume of concrete for a Trapezoidal Footing (give example)
50. The Main Bars for Cantilevered Slabs are Located at
a. Top c. Bottom
b. Middle d. Anywhere
51. For One Way Slab, the Ratio of the Longer span (L) to the shorter span (B) is
a. L/B < 2 c. L/B >= 2
b. L/B < 4 d. L/B > 4
52. For Two Way Slab, the Ratio of the Longer span (L) to the shorter span (B) is
a. L/B < 2 c. L/B >= 2
b. L/B < 4 d. L/B > 4
53. What is the Best Location of Support for a One Way Slab?
a. End of Slab c. Top of Slab
b. Middle Third d.
54. A Slab whose main reinforcement is provided in only one direction
a. One Direction Slab c. Two Way Slab
b. One Way Slab d. Uni-direction Slab
55. A Slab whose main reinforcement is provided in both direction
a. Both Direction Slab c. Two Way Slab
b. Both Way Slab d. Dual-direction Slab
56. A Slab supported by beams at only 2 sides
a. One Way Slab c. Two-Beam Slab
b. Two Way Slab d. Hickory Slab
57. In 1905, the American engineer C.A.P. Turner employed concrete floor slabs without
beams that used diagonal and orthogonal patterns of reinforcing bars. Today, it is now
evolving by introducing plastic voids or bubbles in slabs. This new technology
drastically decreases the weight of the slab and allows for 55 feet slab span between
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columns without beams. Slab weight is decreased by as much as 35% which also
reduces the columns and foundation. Notable architects who have used this system
include Zaha Hadid, Daniel Libeskind, Richard Meier, Renzo Piano and Herzog de
Meuron to name a few. What is this slab?
a. One Way Slab c. Slab on fill
b. Two Way Slab d. Flat Slab/ Flat Plate
58. From the Figure above, what is A?

a. 1-way slab c. Waffle slab
b. 2-way slab d. Flat slab
59. From the Figure above, what is B?
60. From the Figure above, what is C?
61. From the Figure above, what is D?
62. The figure above is a

a. Rebar Slab c. Coffered Slab
b. Post-Tensioned Slab d. Waffle Slab
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63. It is a flaky layer of hardened but weak hydrated cement and fine aggregates which
began as a milky layer on the upper surface of the concrete mass during the curing
process which was caused by an excess amount of water used in the mixture or by
too much vibration.
a. Grout c. Laitance
b. Plaster d. Mortar
64. What is Stress? Different Kinds of Stress
65. What is another term for Tangential Stress?
66. Torsion
67. Slenderness Ratio
68. Radius of Gyration
69. Bending Moment
70. When is a system statically determinate?
71. What is the Method of Sections?
72. Casting Bed
73. What is Punching Shear?
74. What is the Purpose of a Retaining Wall and How does it Work?
75. What Wall is used to protect different levels?
a. Retaining Wall c.
b. Cantilever Wall d.
76. Sheet Pile
77. Batter Pile
78. A Structural Member whose function is to Transfer the Loads from a Building Safely
into the Ground
a. Column c. Beam
b. Footing d.
79. It is the Depth below ground Water level multiplied by the Weight of Water.
a. Soil Bearing Pressure c.
b. Hydrostatic Pressure d.
80. What do you call the Upward Force acting on Spread Footing?
81. What causes the Upward Force that acts on Footings?
82. What needs to be done to the Footing Dimension to reduce Soil Bearing Pressure?
83. It is the Ultimate Bearing Capacity divided by a factor of safety. However, in certain
situations, usually on soft soil sites, large settlements may occur under loaded
foundations without actual shear failure occurring. In such cases “this” is based on the
allowable settlement.
a. Bearing Capacity c. Settlement Capacity
b. Foundation Capacity d. Allowable Bearing Capacity
84. The Top part of the Footing is in (Compression or Tension)?
85. The Bottom part of the Footing is in (Compression or Tension)?
86. What do you call the Act/Process of Enlarging an Existing Foundation?
87. If a Project is located on a Steep Ground, what type of Foundation would you
recommend?
a. Cantilever c. Mat
b. Isolated d. Floating
88. If a Project is to be constructed on a Converted Farm Land, what Foundation is
recommended?
a. Isolated c. Floating
b. Mat d. Grid
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89. If a Project is to be erected on Stable Ground, what Foundation is recommended?

a. Mat c. Cantilever
b. Isolated d.
90. Where will you see the details for the Foundation Anchor Bolts?
a. Foundation Plan c. Framing Plan
b. Base Plate Plan d.
91. Which is not part of the Structural Plans?
a. Foundation Plan c. Schedule of Beams and Columns
b. Roof Framing Plan d. Schedule of Doors and Windows
92. Why do we use Tie Beams?
93. What happens to the Footing when it is starting to deform?
a. Bend upward c.
b. Cracks at the bottom d.
94. For a Residential Project at Rizal with relatively Sloping Ground, what is the most
appropriate Structural Support?
a. Cantilever Footing on Foundation Wall c. Firewall
b. Isolated Footing on Foundation Wall d. Zocalo Wall
95. What is the Main Factor that Determines the Strength of Concrete?
96. A36 Steel is the most common type of Steel Alloy. What does the number 36 mean?
a. Ultimate Limit c. Yield Strength
b. Allowable Bending Stress d. Modulus of Elasticity
97. What is ASTM?
a. Academic Society for Testing and Materials c. American Standard Test Method
b. American Society for Testing and Materials d. Academic Standard Test Method
98. The ASTM Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel is?
a. ASTM A6 c. ASTM A148
b. ASTM A36 d. ASTM A325
99. The ASTM Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural
Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes and Sheet Piling
100. The ASTM Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
101. Identify the figure of a structural steel at right.
a. I- Beam
b. T- Beam
c. Inverted Double L- Beam
d. VH Flange (Vertical-Horizontal Flange)
102. It is a beam, usually made of structural steel, with
two horizontal flanges connected by a vertical web at the middle of the flanges.
a. Z- shape c. Double C- beam
b. I- beam d. HSS
103. Tension and Compression Zone of an I-Beam
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104. The part shown above increases the shear strength of the connection as well
as the bending strength of the Base Plate. What is it called?
a. Gusset Plate c. Web Stiffener
b. Stiffener Plate d. Web Stiffener Track
105. In connecting Steel Beams to Columns, which is more Structurally Stable?
a. Rivet c. Weld
b. Screw d.
106. Spacing of Metal Studs
107. The Figure above is an I-Beam with stiffeners which are usually attached to
steel beams to stiffen them against out of plane deformations. Identify A
a. Transverse Stiffener c. Web Stiffener Track
b. Longitudinal Stiffener d. Flange Stiffener
108. From the Figure above, identify B
a. Transverse Stiffener c. Web Stiffener Track
b. Longitudinal Stiffener d. Flange Stiffener
109. Which part carries most of the Weight of a Structure?
a. Flange of I-Beam
b. Web of I-Beam
110. In an I- Beam, the flanges resist most of the
a. Shear forces c. Torsion
b. Bending moment d. Bending, Shear & Torsion
111. Disadvantage of an I-Beam
a. Inefficient in carrying Shear loads c. Inefficient against Torsion
b. Inefficient against Bending d. Very expensive
112. The horizontal part of an I-Beam is called
a. Web c. Stud
b. Tongue d. Flange
113. What do you call the Vertical and Diagonal Members of a Truss?
114. Space Frame
115. A Large Beam that Supports Secondary Beams. Also known as Primary Beam.
116. A horizontal structural member that carries or supports other, usually smaller,
horizontal structural members.
a. Slab c. Girder
b. Beam d. Diaphragm Floor
117. In Reinforced Concrete Beams, which portion is under Tension?
a. Top c. Bottom
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b. Middle d.
118. A simplified way to get the economical width of the beam
a. ½ Column Width c. Equal to Column Width
b. Less than Column Width d. More than Column Width
119. At what part of a reinforced concrete beam would you allow a pipe/service hole to
pass through for utility purposes?
a. At Midspan of beam c. At L/3 of beam span
b. At L/4 of beam span d. At Support
120. In Reinforced Concrete Beams, which portion is under Compression?
a. Top c. Bottom
b. Middle d.
121. Given a Simply Supported Beam 6m in length in a room with a clear headroom of
2.40m, what is the clear floor to ceiling height.
a. 2.775m c. 2.025m
b. 0.375m d. 2.815m
Note: For Simply Supported Beams, use d=L/16
122. Discuss different LOADS
123. It consists of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into the structure,
including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions,
finishes, cladding and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items,
and fixed service equipment, including the weight of cranes.
a. Wind Load c. Dead Load
b. Live Load d. Lateral Load
124. Of the following type of loads, which is the most difficult to determine.
a. Dead c. Static
b. Impact d. Wind
125. Furniture is an example of
b. Live Load d. Ponding Load
126. This type of load can be computed accurately
a. Wind Load c. Live Load
b. Dead Load d. Snow Load
127. Of the following, which represents the most accurate or least assumption in
computation.
b. Live Load d. Lateral Load
128. What is shown in the figure?
a. Point Load c. Coupled Load
b. Uniformly Distributed Load d. Uniformly Varying Load
129. A load acting over a small area/distance or at a particular point of a structural element.
a. Coupled Load c. Uniformly Distributed Load
b. Concentrated Load d. Tangential Load
130. For stairs, the load rests on the
a. Stringer c. Baluster
b. Riser d. Tread
131. It is the product of the Nominal Load and a Load Factor
a. Factored Load c. Impact Load
b. Applied Load d. Load and Resistance Factor
132. Restrained Support
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133. A pair of forces, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction and displaced by
perpendicular distance or moment
a. Equilibrium c. Impure Moment
b. Couple d. Torque
134. What do you call the Distance between Supports?
135. It is the distance measured from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of tension
reinforcement.
a. Depth of Section c. Effective Embedment Depth
b. Nominal Depth of Section d. Effective Depth of Section
136. As the Depth of a Beam Increases, its ability to resist Bending _____
a. Decreases c. No Effect
b. Increases d.
137. Difference between Pedestal and Column
138. Least Dimension of a Column
139. For Flat Slab Construction, when additional loading is imposed on the slab, why is
there a need to thicken the section at the column?
140. Wood Moisture Content
141. What are Joists?
142. Wooden Joists are subject to Lateral Buckling, and the End Connections Move.
However, no adjustments are necessary. Why?
143. What do you call the Design wherein both Steel and Concrete Fail at the Same
Time?
144. For Buildings with Heavy Exterior Cladding and Hollow Ground Floor, during an
Earthquake, the weak floor buckles. This is because the forces are NOT _____ to the
other floor.
a. Transferred c. Concentrated
b. Uniformly Distributed d. Removed
145. What Loads are considered for High Rise Buildings?
146. Earthquakes have Vertical and Lateral Effects on High Rise Structures, which is
more Critical?
147. From the given pictures/illustrations, identify the Sagrods, Purlins, Honeycomb,
Isolated Footing and Core Sample Label
148. Identify different symbols (Structural Plans) and analyzing the structural plans.
Provide a Sample of a simple Structural Plan and teach students how to read and
analize it.
149. Identification of parts from given illustrations: second floor framing plan
150. How can we determine if the existing slab is structurally sound if there is no data
given?
a. Core Cylinder Test c.
b. Compression Cylinder Test d.
151. Determination of Top Bar, Bottom Bar and Temperature Bars (simple counting/
analyzing- plan reading)
152. Length of Top Bars/Bottom Bars
153. Spacing of Lateral Ties
154. Shear Reduction Factor
155. NSCP
156. AISC
157. ASTM
158. Rebar Length Computation
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159. Identify Rebar Lengths (L/3 & L/4)

160. Difference between Tension and Compression and where they are located in
structural members
161. Elasticity of Steel
162. Flexural stress without axial load
a. 0.90fy c.
b. 0.75fy d.
163. Allowable stress for tension in Structural Steel in terms of Gross Area
a. 0.60 of the specified minimum Yield Stress
b. 0.50 of the specified minimum Yield Stress
c. 0.45 of the specified minimum Yield Stress
d. 0.66 of the specified minimum Yield Stress
164. Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in
resisting shear
a. 0.40 Fy c. 0.60 Fy
b. 0.50 Fy d. 0.90 Fy
165. What supports the Shear Wall?
a. Footing c. Beam
b. Column d.
166. A structural system used to transfer/transmit Lateral Forces like wind and
earthquake load to the vertical-resisting elements.
a. Shear Wall c. Ordinary Braced Frame (OBF)
b. Diaphragm d. Seismic Wall
167. A structural system used to counter the effect of Lateral Forces like wind and
earthquake load. It is also referred to as a Structural Wall.
a. Shear Wall c. Ordinary Braced Frame (OBF)
b. Diaphragm d. Seismic Wall
168. Which would enhance the building against Lateral forces?
a. Rigid Core c.
b. Solid Perimeter d.
169. Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by
flexure.
a. Ordinary Braced Frame (OBF) c. Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF)
b. Shear Wall Frame d. Moment Resisting Frame
170. Define the following: wide flange, channel, plate, angle bar, sheet
171. Driven Piles of uniform section shall have a minimum nominal outside diameter of ?
a. 150mm c. 250mm
b. 200mm d. 300mm
172. What equipment is used for Pile Driving?
a. Rotary Drill c. Auger
b. Pile Hammer d.
173. What is poured after drilling a hole for bored Piles?
a. Steel c. Wood
b. Concrete d. Epoxy Polymer
174. Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete on slab if the pouring cannot be
done in one setting?
a. At the center c. At the shearing points
b. At the middle third of the slab d.
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175. Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete in the column if the pouring
cannot be done in one setting?
b. At the middle third of the column d.
176. Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete in the beam if the pouring cannot
be done in one setting?
b. At the middle third of the beam d.
177. On Concrete Pouring of Beams and Slabs, which should be poured first with one-
day interval?
a. Beam First c. Doesn’t Matter w/c is poured first
b. Slab First d. Must be Poured at the same time
178. What will transmit the loads of the structure to the piles?
a. Pile Cap c. Footing
b. Column d.
179. Most likely failure for a footing
a. Silt and Sand beneath c. Perennial Flooding
b. Low Water Table d. Unstable Soil
180. Analysis of a Structural Plan (measurement of beams, beam reinforcement as
analyzed from a given table, distance of a beam midpoint to adjacent beams, spacing
of floor joists, etc)
181. It is a column that is symmetrical to its other axis
182. It is a column that is seated on top of a non axial bearing member like a slab or
beam used to carry loads above. It is usually used to address architectural/interior
design concerns.
a. Short Column c. Planted Column
b. Long Column d. Round Column
183. What do you call a column that is not aligned to a lower floor column?
a. Planted c. Floating
b. Eccentric d.
184. What do you call a horizontal member of a structure that is fixed at both ends?
185. What do you call the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building or
other structures?
a. Base c. Superstructure
b. Substructure d.
186. As a rule of convention for signs
a. Positive moment is counter clockwise and negative moment is clockwise
b. Positive moment is clockwise and negative moment is counter clockwise
c. It doesn’t matter
187. Two Fixed supports is indeterminate to what degree?
188. What is flexural stress?
189. What is Torsion stress?
190. What is p-delta effect?
191. Shear/Shear Wall
192. A wall that carries no other load except load its own weight
193. Overhanging Beam/Cantilever Beam
194. Where will you find the Main Bars for Cantilever Beams?
a. Top c. Middle
b. Bottom d. Side
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195. Fatigue
196. Method of Joints/Method of Section
197. An instrument used to measure velocity & acceleration of an earthquake
a. Seismograph c. Geiger Counter
b. Accelerograph d.
198. The term in working stress design, refers to reinforced concrete beam in which the
cross-sectional areas of concrete and steel are of such dimensions that each
develops its full allowable stress simultaneously:
a. Balanced Design c. Under reinforced
b. Over reinforced d. Elastic Theory
199. Which is the best column? Why?
a. Square c. Circular
b. Rectangle d. Triangular
200. Study Wind Load, Dynamic Load, Lateral Load, Seismic Load
201. Given a length of a bar, what is the weight? Give Sample computation
202. What is the weight of a 1’ x 1’ steel cube?
203. Weight of lightweight aggregate in kg/cu. m
204. Weight of structural lightweight aggregate in kg cu. m
205. Study Flange/ Web/ Splice/ Gusset Plate/ Dowel/ Base Plate
206. Minimum Splice when you join two16mm dia rebars
207. Minimum Splice when you join a 12mm dia bar with a 16mm dia bar
208. The distance between points of zero moment on a compression member is
a. Length of Column c. Span
b. Effective Length of Column d. Development Length
209. It is the length of embedded reinforcement, including prestressing strand, required to
develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.
a. Embedment Length c. Effective Embedment Depth
b. Development Length d. Effective Length
210. It is the length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section.
a. Embedment Length c. Effective Embedment Depth
b. Development Length d. Effective Length
211. How is a 90 degree bend standard hook for concrete reinforcement constructed?
a. 90 degree bend plus 10 db extension, at free end of bar
b. 90 degree bend plus 12 db extension, at free end of bar
c. 90 degree bend plus 6 db extension, at free end of bar
d. 90 degree bend plus 4 db extension, at free end of bar
212. Which is true about Lap Length and Development Length?
a. Development Length is greater than Lap Length
b. Lap Length is greater than Development Length
c. 12 inches or 300 mm
d. They are the same
213. From the figure shown above, the maximum tensile stress is at point
a. A c. C
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b. B d. D
214. From the figure above, LAB is called the?
a. Effective Embedment Length c. Effective Anchorage
b. Lap Length d. Development Length
215. Sample/Basic Computation of Lap Lengths using different situations
216. Study Lift Slab Construction
217. Study Tilt up Construction
218. It is the distance between inner face of supports
219. Purlins is used to prevent what type of tension
220. A Slump Cone use to test freshly mixed concrete is a mold in the form of the lateral
surface of the frustum of a cone with a base diameter of 8” and a top diameter of 4”.
What is its height?
a. 6” c. 12”
b. 8” d. 24”
221. When do you get samples for a Slump Test?
a. At the start of mixer discharge c. At the end of mixer discharge
b. At the middle of mixer discharge d. At any time of mixer discharge
222. The purpose of a Concrete Slump Test is to measure
a. Strength of Concrete c. Content of Sand
b. Workability/Consistency d. Water-Cement Ratio
Note: Discuss procedure on how to conduct a Slump Test
223. Test used to determine the strength of concrete
a. Slump Test c. Core Test
b. Compression Test d. Core Drill Test
224. It is the most important component in determining the strength of concrete
a. Cement c. Sand
b. Water d. Gravel
225. The most important factor affecting the strength of concrete.
a. Void-Cement Ratio c. Quantity of cement
b. Water-Cement Ratio d. Water
226. A complete record of tests of materials and of concrete shall be available for
inspection during progress of work and for how many years after completion of the
project?
a. 3 years c. 2 years
b. 5 years d. 4 years
227. Who is responsible for keeping and maintaining a complete record of tests of
material during and after completion of the project.
a. Architect or Owner c. Engineer or Architect
b. Owner or Architect d. Project Manager or Owner
228. Minimum and Maximum spacing of Lateral Ties in Beams
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229. Based on the figure shown above, what is the total length of the Lateral Ties
considering minimum concrete cover for nonprestressed 300mm x 300mm column?
a. 880 mm c. 980 mm
b. 900 mm d. 1000 mm
230. These “belts” can be found in Beams.
a. Ties c. Dowels
b. Stirrups d. Anchors
231. These “belts” can be found in Columns
a. Ties c. Dowels
b. Stirrups d. Anchors
232. A structural system without a complete vertical-load carrying space frame
a. Braced Frame c. Building Frame System
b. Bearing Wall System d. Horizontal Bracing System
233. Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is
provided to resist lateral forces
a. Braced Frame c. Building Frame System
b. Bearing Wall System d. Horizontal Bracing System
234. Minimum thickness for Load Bearing Walls
a. 125 mm c. 100 mm
b. 150 mm d. 200 mm
235. Why do we provide vertical and horizontal reinforcement for CHB Walls?
a. To resist compression c. To resist both compression and tension
b. To resist tension d. To resist buckling
236. What is the difference between post tensioning and pretensioning?
237. Built up section of beams/ columns
238. A transformer vault is considered a
a. Live Load c. Concentrated Load
b. Dead Load d. Uniformly Distributed
239. From the given illustrations, identify the Double Fillet Weld
240. Which is dangerous?
a. Shear wall with many openings c. Shear wall at outer edge of building
b. Shear wall at center d.
241. Where do Shear Walls rest?
a. Footing c. Ground Floor
b. Foundation d. 2nd Floor
242. It is a Wall designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the plane of the wall.
a. Bearing Wall c. Parapet Wall
b. Shear Wall d. Retaining Wall
243. Study NSCP terminologies
244. It is one in which the lateral Stiffness is less than 70 percent of the stiffness of the
Story above
a. Weak Story c. Story Drift
b. Soft Story d. Story Drift Ratio
245. It is one in which the Story Strength is less than 80 percent of the Story above
a. Weak Story c. Story Drift
b. Soft Story d. Story Drift Ratio
246. Is the lateral displacement of one level relative to the level above or below
a. Slippage c. Misalignment
b. Story Drift d. Deflection
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247. Is the Story Drift divided by the Story Height.

a. Story Drift Ratio c. Drift-Height Ratio
b. Poisson’s Ratio d. Story Shear
248. Study Pedestal, Pier, Column
249. It is a visual warning of impending failure
250. Failure of a material due to repeated or continued stress. It is more visible and
severe in materials subjected to heat.
a. Buckling c. Punching
b. Creeping d.
251. Overreinforced Concrete is
a. More dangerous than underreinforced concrete
b. Less dangerous than underreinforced concrete
c. equal
d. It doesn’t matter
252. A building collapses without any warning. How was the building designed?
253. A Gap between building elements that allows them to move with expansion due to
changes in temperature or moisture
a. Seismic Gap c. Temperature Gap
b. Expansion Gap d. Moisture Gap
254. A Gap between buildings that allow them to move during an
earthquake
a. Seismic Gap c. Temperature Gap
b. Expansion Gap d. Moisture Gap
255. It is a phenomenon whereby soil substantially loses its strength
usually due to an earthquake and acts like a fluid
a. Lahar Flow c. Creep
b. Liquefaction d. Saturation
256. From the Figure, which is more dangerous during an earthquake?
a. Rupture c. Sublimation
b. Shaking d.
257. Advantage of Steel over Concrete
258. Buckling
259. Bending
260. Maximum Allowable Load
261. What resists bending stress?
a. Section Modulus c. Moment of Inertia
b. Rigidity d.
262. The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates from under transverse
loading, increasing with load and span and decreasing with an increase in the
moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material.
a. Elongation c. Creep
b. Deflection d.
263. What usually happens to steel in a slab or reinforced concrete beam if such member
is about to collapse?
a. Crack c. Deflect
b. Rupture d.
264. Shear
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265. These are a group of parallel Reinforcing Bars Bundled in contact to act as a unit
and is limited to four bars in a bundle. It is enclosed within Stirrups or Ties.
a. Welded Bars c. Bonded Bars
b. Bundled Bars d. Tendons
266. Bars larger than ____ diameter shall NOT be bundled in beams
a. 16mm c. 28mm
b. 25mm d. 36mm
267. Ties are used for what structural element?
a. Beam c. Slabs
b. Columns d. Footings
268. For Reinforced Concrete Columns, what is the best position of Non-Spandrel
Beams?
a. Beams must run through the Column with its one end face flushed to the face of
the column
b. Beams must run through the center of the Column
c.
269. A reinforcement used to resist shear and torsion stresses in a structural member;
typically bars either single leg or bent into L,U or rectangular shapes and located
perpendicular to or at an angle to longitudinal reinforcement.
a. Shear Cap c. Shores
b. Stirrup d. Specialty Insert
270. What is the purpose of stirrups aside from resisting vertical and diagonal tensions in
a beam?
271. A reinforced-concrete-encased structural steel section (rolled or built-up) or concrete
filled steel section used as a column where both steel and concrete work as a unit
is called a
a. Built-up Column c. Intermediate Column
b. Composite Column d. Braced Column
272. Familiarization with Structural Plans. Questions like:
a. What is the reason why the footings on Grid 1 have different shape from the
rest? ADJACENT to Property Line
b. What columns have the size of reinforcement?
c. What is the number of longitudinal reinforcements in wall footings?
273. What is the minimum width of a Wall Footing?
a. 0.20m c. 0.40m
b. 0.30m d. 0.50m
274. What is the minimum thickness of a Wall Footing?
a. 0.20m c. 0.40m
b. 0.30m d. 0.50m
275. What do you call bars that are perpendicular to the Main Reinforcement of slabs on
fill where they prevent cracking due to contraction brought about by shrinkage and
temperature changes?
a. Shrinkage Bars c. Deformed Bars
b. Temperature Bars d. One-way Bars
276. It is the Height of the Wall divided by its Thickness (H/t)
a. Height-Thickness Ratio of the Wall c. Euclid’s Ratio of the Wall
b. Slenderness Ratio of the Wall d.
277. From a given plan, give the dimensions and spacing of beams and columns
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278. Which among the list is the preferred location for a shear wall (utility core)
considering seismic condition in a 15 storey building with a width of 15 meters and
length of 25 meters?
a. Left Side c. Front
b. Right Side d. Center
279. It is the general term for forces that act on a building
a. Load c. Burden
b. Weight d. Cargo
280. What forces does a Curtain Wall resist?
a. Its Own Weight c. Wind Load
b. Its Own Weight plus Wind Load d.
281. If a glass can withstand high compression on its outer fiber and tension at the
center, how would you describe it?
a. Highly resistant to breakage c. Flexible
b. Highly susceptible to breakage d.
282. What do you call 2 or more materials that are combined together?
a. Laminate c. Composite
b. Chemical Compound d.
283. From the given figures, which one is the most structurally sound?
284. It is a web found in a structural member

a. Rafter c. Purlin
b. Roof Truss d. Batten
285. It is the middle part of a wide flange
a. Wing c. Side Flange
b. Web d. Floor Flange
286. The Architect asks you to order from the supplier a W8x35 wide flange steel section.
What do the two numbers used to designate a wide flange describe?
a. 8 inches Wide, 35 feet Long
b. 8 inches Deep, 35 pounds per Linear Foot
c. 8 kilos per Linear Foot, 35 feet Long
d. 8 feet Deep, 35 feet Long
287. Discuss difference between a Wide Flange and I-beam. Illustrate.
288. What is produced on continuous process of cold roll and hot roll steel?
a. Deformed Bars c. Wide Flanges
b. Wide Varieties of Steel d. Steel Channel
289. What is the use of Purlins?
290. What is the use of Cleats?
291. A Brick Wall is weak in
a. Tension c. Torsion
b. Compression d.
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292. What is the resultant Uniform Distribution Load?

293. It is also known as elastic limit
a. Deformation c. Buckling
b. Elongation d. Cracking
294. When a beam is in its elastic limit, which among the situation below would most
likely happen?
a. Beam will continue to deform with slight load
b. Beam will continue to deform without load
c. Beam will break eventually after some time
d. Beam will come back to its original state
295. The section of a beam at which the bending moment changes from positive to
negative and at this point, the bending moment is zero
a. Inflection Point c. Deflection Point
b. Reflection Point d. M-zero Point
296. A property of material that enables it to undergo plastic deformation after being
stressed beyond the elastic limit and before rupturing.
a. Brittleness c.
b. Ductility d.
297. A property of materials that causes it to suddenly rupture under stress with little or
no evident deformation.
a. Brittleness c.
b. Ductility d.
298. What component of Steel dictates its ductility?
a. Phosphorus c. Sulfur
b. Carbon d. All of the above
299. What is Ultimate Strength?
300. A slight curve built intentionally into a beam, slab, girder or truss to compensate for
an anticipated deflection. CAMBER
301. How is camber treated in steel trusses 25m and longer
302. For a beam, what is the camber direction?
a. Diagonal c. Downward
b. Lateral d. Upward
303. For a 3m concrete beam, which amount of camber can be allowed in mm?
a. 12mm c. 40mm
b. 25mm d. 50mm
304. For a 4m concrete beam, what is the recommended camber?
305. It is a structural system without a complete vertical load carrying space frame
a. Bearing Wall System c. Gravity Wall
b. Cantilevered Column Element d. Isolated Footing
306. The maximum axial load that can theoretically be applied to a column without
causing it to buckle.
a. Critical Buckling Stress c. Buckling
b. Critical Buckling Load d. Eccentricity
307. A thick column subject to failure by crushing rather than by buckling
a. Long Column c. Short Column
b. Intermediate Column d. All of the above
308. What makes a long column to buckle? - Axial Compression
309. Will most likely fail due to buckling
a. Short Column c. Intermediate Column
b. Long Column d. Mini-Column
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310. Usually fails by both crushing and buckling

a. Short Column c. Intermediate Column
311. Pedestals, Piers or Compression Blocks are classified as
a. Short Column c. Intermediate
312. What is the minimum allowable dimension of a Reinforced Concrete Column?
313. L/r is also known as
a. Poisson’s Ratio c. Slenderness Ratio
b. Hooke’s Ratio d. Rigidity Factor
314. What does Slenderness Ratio determine?
a. Effective Length c. Effective Depth
b. Buckling d. Maximum Height of Column
315. It is the extent of space between two supports of a structure. It also refers to the
structure so supported.
a. Span c. Effective Length
b. Nominal Length d. Bay Spacing
316. It is the distance between two supports measured from the inner face.
a. Effective Span c. Center-to-Center Spacing
b. Clear Span d. Effective Length
317. It is the center-to-center distance between the supports of a span.
a. Effective Span c. Effective Length
b. Clear Span d. Nominal Length
318. PLAN READING:
a. Footing table (sample question: How much backfilling in cubic meters is needed
for CF2, grid B-2?)
b. Reinforcing Bars
c. Reason for Bar Layout
d. number of Bottom and Top Bars
e. Beam, Slab, Column Schedule (sample question: What is the size of C4 at the
8/F?)
f. Identify the measurement/ dimension of the effective span of a specific beam
g. Given a set of structural framing plans, identify the Cantilever Beam
319. PLAN READING:
Determine the number of stirrups in Girder B-D along Grid 2
a. 46 c. 50
b. 47 d. 51
Distance of Grid B to Grid D in the Drawing is 6.0m
Column (C-1) at Grid B and Grid D along Grid 2 are placed on center
(Size can be seen in Schedule of Columns)
C-1 is 0.30m x 0.30m with 4-16mm dia rebars and 10mm dia ties, 1 @ 0.05m,
2@ 0.10m, rest @ 0.20m
Girder B-D is 0.25m x 0.30m
(Size can be seen in Schedule of Beams)
END SPAN MID SPAN
Top 3-16mm dia rebars 2-16mm dia rebars
Bottom 2-16mm dia rebars 3-16mm dia rebars
Stirrups 10mm dia 4 @ 0.05m, 6 @ 0.10m, rest @ 0.15m
Question can be the number of bars of different diameters and the total length for
each structural member. There was also a time when the total WEIGHT of
rebars was asked. Therefore, it is important to know how to read and analyze
the structural plan including the tables.
P a g e 20 | 30
320. Soil testing is done

a. During site investigation c. After excavation
b. Before excavation d.
321. For the Geotechnical Evaluation (Soil Boring Test) of a jobsite, ASTM requires that a
Standard Penetration Test (SPT) be performed every
a. 1.00m c. 2.00m
b. 1.50m d. 2.50m
322. Up to what depth should a Soil Boring Test be done?
a. 1.50m c. 5.00m
b. 3.00m d. Bedrock
323. Which of the following do not determine the number of bores?
a. Size of Lot c. Presence of Geological Condition
b. Height of Building d. Local Building Code
324. The minimum number of storeys (for buildings with an occupancy more than 10)
before a geotechnical report is recommended in order to evaluate in-situ soil
properties for foundation design and analysis.
a. One c. Three
b. Two d. Four
325. What is the minimum number of borehole/s for a structure whose footprint is less
than 600m2?
a. One c. Three
b. Two d. Four
326. What is the minimum number of borehole/s for a structure whose footprint is 600m 2
or larger?
a. One c. Three
b. Two d. Four
327. It is removing of earth materials or the depositing of earth materials or the
combination thereof.
a. Filling c. Grading
b. Excavating d. Borrowing
328. It is the main structural member of a wooden floor.
329. Also considered as BEAM
a. Cleats – a strip of metal or wood attached to a surface to restrain or support an
element or member (see illustration on page 214 DK Ching)
b. Joist – any of a series of small parallel beams for supporting floors, ceilings, or
flat roofs
c. Corbel – a brick or stone projecting from within a wall, usually to support a
weight
330. Most likely failure for a retaining wall
a. Failure at moment arm c.
b. Punch a hole on the wall d.
331. To avoid hydrostatic pressure to force forward a retaining wall, what is the best thing
to do?
a. Soil should be well compacted c.
b. Provide a drainage d.
332. When a weak soil layer is located at a shallow depth within the depth of 1.5 times
the width of the base slab of a retaining wall, what should be placed behind a
Retaining Wall to avoid excessive soil settlement?
P a g e 21 | 30
a. Place lightweight backfill materials
333. The Figure above shows different types of failures that can occur in a retaining wall.
Figure A is
a. Deep-seated Shear Failure c. Overturning
b. Bearing Capacity Failure d. Sliding
Figure B is
Figure C is
Figure D is
337. From the Figure above, what kind of retaining wall failure is shown by C?
a. Overturning c. Undermining
b. Sliding d. Underpinning
338. When the building or part of it rises due to the upward heave in a clay subsoil or
chemical expansion regardless of the building’s weight and style of construction
a. Overturning c. Sliding
b. Bearing Failure d. Underpinning
339. You were assigned to supervise the excavation for the foundation. However, when
work reached the depth indicated on the plans, you discovered that the soil is
loose/soft. What will you do?
a. Order the workers to proceed and setup the rebars/forms and proceed to pour
concrete as shown in the structural plan.
b. Order the workers to dig some more until they reach a firm layer then setup the
footing at that depth.
c. Order the workers to dig some more until they reach a firm layer then replace
the loose material underneath the footing within the footing area with select
granular backfill. Compact and then proceed to setup the footing at the original
depth.
d. Piles must be driven for that particular footing
P a g e 22 | 30
340. Backfill shall be placed in layers and each layer shall be ____ mm thick and
compacted.
a. 100mm c. 600mm
b. 200mm d. 1000mm
341. No FILL shall be placed adjacent to any building unless such building or structure is
capable of withstanding the additional vertical and horizontal loads caused by the
fill. All fills shall be compacted to a minimum ____ percent of maximum dry density
as determined by the ASTM Standard D-1557.
a. 85 c. 95
b. 90 d. 100
342. Wall that transfers lateral forces
a. Curtain wall – an exterior wall supported wholly by the structural frame of a
building and carrying no loads other than its own weight and wind loads
b. Shear wall – a vertical diaphragm acting as a thin, deep cantilever beam in
transferring lateral loads to the ground foundation.
c. Retaining wall – a wall of treated timber, masonry, or concrete for holding in
place a mass of earth
d.
343. Tangential stress
a. Moment – the tendency of a force to produce rotation of a body about a point or
line, equal in magnitude to the product of the force and the moment arm and
acting in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction
b. Shear – force that causes one part of the body to slide relative to an adjacent
part in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.
c. Tension – the act of stretching or state of being pulled apart
d.
344. Effect of torsion
a. Shinks
b. Bends
c. Twists (Torsion – the twisting of an elastic body about its longitudinal axis
caused by two equal and opposite torques, producing shearing stresses in the
body).
345. Combination of intermediate moment resisting space frame and shear walls
a. Dual c.
b. Combined d.
346. Reading of Steel Bar Markings
347. Why is a Truss designed with a Bottom Chord?
a. To make it look good c.
b. Truss normally cannot span wide distance d.
348. Given an Isometric view of a Truss and Roof Framing…
a. What is the Tributary Load of the Middle Truss?
b. What is the Span between Trusses?
349. Furniture is considered as
a. Dead load c. Live load
b. Concentrated load d. Uniformly distributed load
350. Testing of concrete when using transit mix
a. On site c. Testing laboratory
b. Batching plant d. Anywhere but witnessed
351. What do you call a Foundation that is larger than the perimeter of the building walls?
352. This type of Foundation is frequently utilized as a method to reduce or distribute
building loads in order to reduce differential settlement between adjacent areas. It is
typically used when there are poor and weak soil conditions.
a. Strap Foundation c. Mat Foundation
b. Isolated Footing d. Combined Footing
P a g e 23 | 30
353. It is a formed, sawed or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened

plane and regulate the location of cracking resulting from the dimensional change
of different parts of the structure.
a. Expansion Joint c. Construction Joint
b. Contraction Joint d. Cold Joint
354. When laying concrete, it is sometimes not possible to pour in one setting. It can be
due to weather, time constraints, lack of materials or even by design. Hence, there will
now be a separation between old and newly poured concrete once concrete pouring
resumes. What do you call this?
355. It allows the independent movement between adjoining structural members in order
to prevent cracks. It allows for thermal expansion and contraction.
356. An undesirable discontinuity in concrete that occurs when a layer of concrete
hardens before the rest of the concrete is poured in what is meant to be a single,
solid mass.
357. Construction joints in floors shall be located within ____ of spans of slabs, beams
and girders.
a. the edge c. middle third
b. the middle d. Joints Not Allowed
358. Joints in girders shall be offset a minimum distance of how much the width of
intersecting beams?
a. 1x c. 2.50 x
b. 2x d. 3x
359. What is Curing?
a. Fast Drying of concrete c.
b. Retaining of water through hydration d.
360. Post tensioning – to pre stress a concrete member by tensioning the reinforcing
tendons after the concrete has set
361. Pre stressed – concrete reinforced by pre tensioning or post tensioning high-
strength steel tendons within their elastic limit to actively resist a service load.
362. What do you call the wires/cables where Jacking force is applied?
363. How do you connect pre-stressed concrete to reinforced concrete?
a. Dowel c.
b. Mortar d.
364. Advantage of steel over concrete
a. Rigidity c. Elasticity
b. Ductility d.
365. Which is a better design?
a. Concrete and Steel should be designed to fail simultaneously
b. Steel should be designed to fail first before Concrete.
c. Concrete should be designed to fail first before Steel.
d. Doesn’t matter as the building will collapse anyway.
366. From a given Plan, the Foundation is resting on (Sectional View is shown)
a. Gravel c. Soil
b. 50mm mass concrete d.
367. From a given Plan, identify the Footings, Grade Beams, dimensions, etc. using
specific callout numbers.
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368. From the given Figure, identify the structural part indicated.
369. From the given plan & Schedule of Beam

and Column sizes (given during the
exams):
a. What is the clear span of Beam CD?
b. What is L/2 of the beam?
c. What is L/3 of the Beam?
d. How many Columns (actual count)?
370. From the Figure at right, what is the
distance between 3A and 3B.
a. 4 c. 8
b. 6 d.
371. From a given Plan, identify the Cantilever Footing.
372. From a given Plan, determine the reinforcement of
Footing 1.
373. From a given Plan, what type of footing is F5?
374. From a given Plan, determine the footing of Column C3
375. On a swampy area, what type of soil should the
foundation rest on?
a. Hard to very hard c. Medium to …
b. Very soft to soft d.
376. Your Client asks you to erect a Commercial Building on what used to be a rice field.
On what soil must the foundation rest?
a. Soft c. Hard
b. Medium d. Very Hard
377. A Residential Condominium is built on a former rice field, on what kind of strata
should the foundation rest?
a. Soft to Medium c. Hard to Very Hard
b. Medium to Hard d. Doesn’t matter
378. Assuming the site will be on a flood plain, on what soil must the foundation rest?
a. Soft c. Hard
b. Medium d. Very Hard
379. What should be the minimum depth of footing for a converted rice field site?
a. 0.60 m c. 0.80m
b. 1.00 m d.
380. The minimum depth of a foundation supporting three (3) floors is?
a. 450 mm c. 600 mm
b. 500 mm d. 800 mm
381. Assuming the site will be on Adobe soil, what foundation will you use?
a. Bored Pile c. Isolated Footing
b. Sheet Pile d. Footings with Tie Beams
382. What foundation presents the LEAST disturbance & potential damage to
neighboring lots?
b. Sheet Pile d. Footing with Tie Beams
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383. What foundation presents the MOST disturbance & potential damage to neighboring
lots?
b. Sheet Pile d. Footing with Tie Beams
384. What are Piles placed at an inclination to resist forces that are not vertical?
a. Guide Piles c. Slope Piles
b. Batter Piles d. Fender Piles
385. Driven Piles of uniform section shall have a nominal outside diameter of not less
than?
a. 150 mm c. 250 mm
b. 200 mm d. 300 mm
386. A concrete beam placed directly on the ground to provide foundation for the
superstructure
a. Strap Beam c. Gerber Beam
b. Grade Beam d. Tie Beam
387. A method used in driving piles in sand, gravel or soft packed clay due to the high
resistance of these materials to hammer driven piles
a. Jet Streaming c. Jet Hammer
b. Jetting d. Water Hammer
388. A form of Driven Piling using thin interlocking sheets of steel to obtain a continuous
barrier in the ground to enable works to proceed.
a. Soldier Piles c. Micro Piles
b. Sheet Piles d. Secant Piles
389. Discuss difference between Grade Beam, Tie Beam, Plinth Beam and Strap
Footing. Illustrate.
390. Discuss: Inverted Beam/Upstand Beam/T-Beam (illustrate)
391. Discuss, show its use and Illustrate the following:
a. Strip/Continuous Footing
b. Isolated Footing
c. Combined Footing (Rectangular/Trapezoidal)
d. Stepped Footing
e. Sloped Footing
f. Shoe/Eccentric Footing
g. Mat/Raft Footing
392. On an ordinary site, where should the foundation rest?
393. On a site located in Pasig City near the Marikina Fault Line, where should the
foundation rest
394. What should be used so that the construction would not affect the adjacent
structures?
a. Pile/ Caisson c. Sheet Pile
b. Strip Footing d.
395. Which should you use to minimize disturbance to adjoining properties?

a. Bored Piles c. Floating Foundation
b. Driven Piles d. Strip Footing
396. The Soil or Rock directly beneath the footing is
a. Foundation Bed c. Grade Rock
b. Soil d.
397. When a perfectly straight member under compression assumes a deflected position.
a. Buckling c. Elongation
b. Creeping d.
398. What is the property of steel which is its strength which happens to be the weakness
of concrete?
399. In PERT-CPM, the difference between the scheduled and actual
accomplishments is referred to as
a. Float c. Slippage
P a g e 26 | 30
b. Network d. Node
400. While traversing EDSA you will see the elevated MRT. What do you call the
concrete portion of the MRT running parallel to the road where the tracks of the train
are placed?
a. Rail Beam c. Box Girder
b. Girder d.
401. Study different kinds of Trusses
402. The distance between Trusses is called?
403. This Truss was patented in 1840 and it includes Vertical Members and Diagonals
that slope towards the center. It is the opposite of the Pratt truss.
a. Fink Truss c. Gambrel Truss
b. Howe Truss d. Double Cantilever
404. Trusses are formed using a series of what type of figures?
a. Circles c. Triangles
b. Square d. Rectangles
405. What happens when a column rests on a footing that is not reinforced with rebars?
a. The Footing will crack at an angle
b. The Column will punch a hole through the Footing
c. There will be noticeable settlement
406. From the figure above, what is the volume of Concrete for one footing in cu.m.?
407. From the figure above, what is the weight of one footing in kg?
P a g e 27 | 30
408. From the given schedule above, what is the volume of concrete for the footing
of column C4?
409. What is the weight of concrete for Ftg F-C7?
410. What is the weight of Rebars for Ftg F-C10?
411. How thick is the footing that supports column C8?
a. 400 c. 475
b. 450 d. 500
412. What kind of footing supports Columns B3 and B4?

a. Isolated Footing c. Strap Footing
b. Combined Footing d.
413.
SCHEDULE OF BEAMS
BEAM DIMENSION TOP BARS BOTTOM BARS SPACING
DESIGNATION OF
(mm) STIRRUPS
W D LEFT MID RIGHT LEFT MID RIGHT
B1 250 500 4-16Ø 2-16Ø 4-16Ø 2-16Ø 4-16Ø 2-16Ø
B2
B3
P a g e 28 | 30
How many top bars are in B1?

a. 2 c. 10
b. 4 d. 16
414. These are braces used to provide lateral load resistance in buildings. It reduces
deflection of the beam it supports above and transfers loads to your support or
foundations. It helps to greatly reduce the sizes of beams. It provides additional stability
to your structure, reduces sidesways and deflection and other serviceability requirement.
a. Sidesway Bracing c. Stiffening Brace
b. Chevron Bracing d. Deflector Brace
415. Given a 300mm x 300mm Column with 8-16mm dia main bars and 10mm dia ties,
what is the length of each tie if the column is Nonprestressed and not exposed to
weather?
a. 800mm c. 920mm
b. 880mm d. 1000mm
416. In a 300mm x 350mm Grade Beam with 8-16mm dia main bars and 10 dia stirrups,
what is the length of each Stirrup if the Beam is Nonprestressed.
a. 620mm c. 700mm
b. 740mm d. 820mm
417. Given the figure above, what is the length of the stirrup?
a. 780 mm c. 840 mm
b. 800 mm d. 900 mm
418. Discuss different times for initial setting of concrete.
419. To avoid honeycomb and voids, the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregates
shall not be larger than
a. 1/5 the narrowest dimension between sides of forms
b. 1/3 the depth of slab
c. 3/4 the minimum clear spacing between reinforcing bars, bundles of bars or
tendons
420. All things being equal, larger aggregates will produce stronger concrete compared
with that using smaller aggregates.
a. True c. Maybe
b. False d. Doesn’t Matter
421. The maximum clear spacing between spirals is
a. 25mm c. 75mm
b. 50mm d. 100mm
422 The minimum clear spacing between spirals is
a. 25mm c. 75mm
b. 50mm d. 100mm
423. Discuss spacing of Stirrups
P a g e 29 | 30
424. The figures shown above utilize a framework of diagonally intersecting materials which
eliminated the use of vertical columns. This revolutionary system carries both gravity and
lateral loads. It is very efficient and creates a stiffness that is complemented by the axial
action of the diagonal members. Invented by the Russian genius Vladimir Shukhov in the late
1800’s, this system only began in contemporary steel design in the early 2000’s with the
London GLA, Swiss Re and Hearst Tower – all projects of Foster+Partners with the
engineering expertise of ARUP. It is said that this system uses 21% less steel than a
standard design. What do you call this structural system?
a. Diamond Grid Structure (DGS) c. Grid Shell Structure (GSS)
b. Shukhov Structural System (SSS) d. Diagonalized Grid Structure (Diagrid)
P a g e 30 | 30

June 2019 LEA STRUCL

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JPT REVIEW CENTER JUNE 2019 ALE

15. Tensile Strength

32. Why should rebars have concrete cover?

47. Plan reading…may isang plan for structural madaming

58. From the Figure above, what is A?

62. The figure above is a

89. If a Project is to be erected on Stable Ground, what Foundation is recommended?

159. Identify Rebar Lengths (L/3 & L/4)

247. Is the Story Drift divided by the Story Height.

284. It is a web found in a structural member

292. What is the resultant Uniform Distribution Load?

310. Usually fails by both crushing and buckling

320. Soil testing is done

a. Place lightweight backfill materials

353. It is a formed, sawed or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened

369. From the given plan & Schedule of Beam

395. Which should you use to minimize disturbance to adjoining properties?

412. What kind of footing supports Columns B3 and B4?

How many top bars are in B1?

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