-I

6.31.
-----::-:-:-=-===~:::;,:~~
ELASTIC COLLISION IN TWO DIME NSIO NS

.r.-
(O~BLIQUE COLLISION) ✓
If the Jtwo bodies collide withou t ~o~s of kinetic_ e_ner~y a"':d move alon~
different directions in a plane after collisi on, the collisi on is said to be elastic
collision in two dimensions.
Fig. 6.58 shows a typica l oblique collision in two dimen sions.
Consider two elastic bodies A and B of masse s m 1 and m 2 movin g
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
with velocities vli and v2 i respec tively such that \ uli \ > \ v i \ .
2 ~ I
The two bodies shall collide after some time. The distan ce betwe en
the lines passin g throug h the centre s of bodies is called the impac t x· -~ A
param eter. This is a measu re of the direct ness of the collisi on. It
may be define d as the distan ce by which the collisi on misse s being
head-on. Clearly, for a head- on collision, b = 0.
After the collision, let the bodies A and B be deflec ted at angle s
01 and 0 2 respec tively with the initial direct ion. Let ~f and
the velocities of A and B respec tively after the collisi on.
u:, be

Apply ing the law of conse rvati on of mom entum to the

x-com ponen t of motio n, we get
m1 uli + m2v2i = m 1 v 1r cos 0 1 + m 2 u 2r cos 0 ... (1)
For y-com ponen t of motio n 2
'
m1 V1r sin 01 - Jl½V 2 r sin Si =0 ... (2J
The collision is elastic . So kinet ic energ y will be conse rved.
 / L 7~~· l()S S of kine tic enP rgy J

,nout' along
to bt rlastic
Y I'

I
I
I
r

v·:
Fig. 6.58. Oblique collision
I
__
_D -_ _
-:;ER
_ P_O_W _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
~_ ::E :,: ..R:,__G_Y_ AN 7'.l = 11 ,,
,1~ ~ . '.l :l + m 2
V '•_::_.:...----
V\.. 111 1 n 1; + 111.'J. r,,, .
I
IJ
1/ -20 2/ . . . (3)
,,.-- -- . . , "''.
t1t acH / , v 2 f' O1 ''HH l {) 2 c a n no
t b e cal cu 1ated
·n_ir un kn• o,v n qu nn r; 1 '
'fh t' t t
an d (3) . By mc a~ mr ing on e of
the fiou r un kn ow ns
n't ' t'q un t1o ns ( 1 ), (2)
, .
. it t ht' t.ll . l ted
1~
1 t •,Il v. t.hC' vA IHt '~ of th e ot he r thr ee un kn ow ns ca n- be ca cu 1a .
•'<'r it1l t'll • · ... Ac ES
~p EC lA L (, _s ,
== 0° an d 92 == 90°. Su pp os e
t

;i) ta an cin g co lli sio n. Fo r thi s

(2) , we ge t
co llis ion , 0 1

::. _f'rcH H ('q ua tio ns ( 1) an d

0
. = L. 11. an d v.21- = 0
I ll

- E of the tar ge t pa rti cle = .!m

2 ~u = o
·· ~,t; 2{
2
I~- .
y kin eti c en erg y. It is sc att ere
d
pa rti cle do es no t los e an
Th~ inc ide nt
most un de fle cte d. al pa rti cle s. Su pp os e v 2 i = 0 . Le t
n of tw o id en tic
(ii ) El as tic co lli sio erv ed .
. == m') = 111 • Si nc e co lli sio
n is ela sti c the ref or e KE . is co ns
1 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
or = VI{ + V2 f
2 mu li = 2 mu lf + 2 mV 2f Vli

me ntu m,
Us ing co ns erv ati on of lin ea r mo ➔ ➔
➔ ➔
➔ ➔

,n V I i =m V If + m V 2f or V Ii = V If + V 2{

➔ ➔ ➔
➔
➔ ➔

V li · V 1i (V lf + V 2f ) · ( V If + V 2f)
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
➔ ➔
Vl f. Vl f + VJ {. V2 f + V2 f. VI { + V2 f · V2 f
V li · V 1,:
➔ ➔

or
2
Vl i
2
Vl f + Vz 2f + 2 V1 f· V2 f

➔ ➔ 2 2 2)
2
2
Uli +2 VJ {. V2 f (·: Vli = Vlf + V2 f
or Vl i

➔ ➔
or Vl f. V2 f =0
➔ ➔

VJ { j_ V 2{
. h 1 t 0 ea ch ot he r af ter ela sti c
. nti ca l pa rti cle s mo ve at rig t an g es
Tw0 ide
:ollisio 1·n two dim en sio ns .
n