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8 Single Phase Inverters
8 Single Phase Inverters
Lecture 8
On the other hand, if the dc input voltage is fixed and it is not
controllable, a variable output voltage can be obtained by varying the gain
of the inverter, which is normally accomplished by pulse-width-modulation
(PWM) control within the inverter.
The inverter gain may be defined as the ratio of the ac output voltage to
dc input voltage.
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The output voltage waveforms of ideal inverters should be sinusoidal.
However, the waveforms of practical inverters are non-sinusoidal and
contain certain harmonics.
Application:
1- AC drives
2- interface of fuel cell or photovoltaic, batteries to grid.
3- UPS.
4- FACTS
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Inverters can be broadly classified into two types:
(1) single-phase inverters, and
(2) Three-phase inverters.
An inverter is called a voltage fed inverter (VFI) if the input voltage
remains constant, a current-fed inverter (CFI) if the input current is
maintained constant, and a variable dc linked inverter if the input
voltage is controllable.
Single-phase half-bridge inverter
When only transistor Q1 is turned on
for a time To /2, the instantaneous
voltage across the load vo is Vs /2.
For n=1 , the previous equation gives the rms value of fundamental
component as:
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Square-Wave Mode of Operation
For an inductive load, the load current cannot change immediately with
the output voltage.
If Q1 is turned off at t=To /2, the load current would continue to flow
through D2, load, and the lower half of the dc source until the current falls
to zero.
Similary, when Q2 is turned off at t=To, the load current flows through
D1, load, and the upper half of the dc source.
When diode D1 or D2 conducts, energy is fed back to the dc source and
these diodes are known as feedback diodes.
for pure inductive load, any switch conduct for 90 o only.
For RL load, conduction period vary from 90 o to 180 o depends on RL.
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There must be a minimum delay time of tq between the outgoing
thyristor and firing of the next incoming thyristor, otherwise, a short-
circuit condition would result through the two thyristor.
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Performance parameters
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Distortion factor DF : it measures effectiveness in reducing
unwanted harmonic order.
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Sheet 2 : Q1
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Solution
Vs 48 V , R 2.4 .
a- V1=0.45Vs= 0.45 × 48 =21.6 V.
b- Vo=Vs /2= 48/2 =24 V. The output power, Po=Vo2/R= 242/2.4 =240 W.
c- The peak transistor current Ip=24/2.4=10A. Since each transistor
conducts for a 50% duty cycle, the average current of each transistor
is ID=0.5 × 10 =5A.
(d) The peak reverse blocking voltage VBR=2 × 24 = 48V.
(e) V1=0.45Vs,
Vh n
V 2
n 3, 5, 7.....
Vo2 V12 0.2176 Vs
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f- we can find Vn form:
From
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Single-phase bridge inverters
When transistors Q1 and Q2 are
turned on simultaneously, the input
voltage Vs appears across the load.
If transistor Q3 and Q4 are turned
on at the same time, the voltage
across the load is reversed and is –
Vs.
The rms output voltage can be
found from:
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For n=1 , the previous equation gives the rms value of fundamental
component as:
Where
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Sheet 2: Q2
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Solution
Vh n
V 2
n 3, 5, 7.....
Vo2 V12 0.4352 Vs
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f- we can find Vn form:
From
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Note:
The peak reverse blocking voltage of each transistor and the quality of
output voltage for half-bridge and full-bridge are the same.
However, for full-bridge inverters, the output power is four times higher and
the fundamental component is twice that of half-bridge inverters.
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