MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND

Faculty of Business Administration

EMRE 6020 Section – R56

Research Seminar Employment Relations II

Hand-in Details:

Name of Students: Jinal Prajapati (202290222)

Email ID: jprajapati@mun.ca
Name of Instructor: Mr. Davoud Ghahremanlou
1. What is the title of your paper?

 The transformation of Remote Work: Assessing the Profound Impacts of Technological

Advancements

2. Why is it significant to investigate this topic (title)? Please provide at least two reasons and
provide at least one scientific document to back up each reason.


No. Reasons
1 The study aims to investigate the
relationship between work-from-home
(WFH)-related job demands, job
resources, and several key factors:
remote work productivity, work
engagement, and stress
2 The excessive use of technology, both
for work and personal purposes, has
the potential to cause technostress,
which refers to the stress and negative
effects associated with technology use
References
Galanti, T. , Guidetti, G. , Mazzei, E. , Zappalà,
S. & Toscano, F. (2021). Work From Home
During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Journal of
Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, 63 (7), e426-e432. doi:
10.1097/JOM.0000000000002236.
Singh, P., Bala, H., Dey, B. L., & Filieri, R.
(2022). Enforced remote working: The impact
of digital platform-induced stress and remote
working experience on technology exhaustion
and subjective wellbeing. Journal of Business
Research, 151, 269–286.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.07.002
3. Is there any other review paper in this area? If yes, please complete the following table

through explaining what would be the differences between what you want to do with each of

the similar existing review papers. This example is only for two similar papers; if there are

more than two please extend the table and include them all. If no review paper is published

on this topic, please provide two reasons why nobody has ever written a review paper in this

area.

No. Existing Review Papers The Difference With My Paper

1 Singh, P., Bala, H., Dey, B. L., & Filieri, R. (2022).
Enforced remote working: The impact of
digital platform-induced stress and remote
working experience on technology exhaustion
and subjective wellbeing. Journal of Business
Research, 151, 269–286.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.07.002
2 Abolina, I., & Veselova, A. (2021). Remote
work : the necessity of today. In International
scientific conference “New Challenges in
Economic and Business Development – 2021:
Post-Crisis Economy” : Proceedings. New
Challenges of Economic and Business
Development. University of Latvia.
https://doi.org/10.22364/ncebd.2021.01
The research was rushed and
done within the span of a
month's time. It also excluded
many other factors like job titles
and company levels. However,
in my research paper, I would
give ample time for the research
to be conducted and ensure all
the employees from every level
and designation are included.
The survey results accurately
represent the specific organizations
under study. However, it's
important to note that these
findings cannot be extended to all
organizations operating in the
country or those involved in similar
activities.
4. What is the eligibility criteria for your search towards finding scientific papers which you
would like to review, considering the title of your paper? This search must lead to at least
40 scientific papers for your review paper. If there are fewer than 40 papers published in
this area, please explain why. For this question, you should provide explanations similar to
Selection criteria Section, Selection process Section, and Figure 1 in Utzet et al. (2020).

Selection Process: Two primary steps made up the study selection procedure. The title and abstract
of the articles served as our initial criteria for determining eligibility. After that, the complete texts
were evaluated using our selection criteria. Each work was evaluated by at least two reviewers, and
any disagreements were settled amicably via conversation. Additionally, we manually searched
through papers and looked through the references given in earlier research in the area.

INCLUSION
 Observational Study design
 Technological changes, the
evolution of technology, remote
working, flexible working
 English Language
 Published between 1983 to 2022
EXCLUSION
 Study that focuses on
“technology”, “workplace” and
“productivity” but does not
subsequently focuses on or study
the impact of these workplace
contexts on “remote working”

 Various workplace contexts: were excluded.

remote working, work from home,  Studies focusing on “remote

hybrid working, etc. working” but did not measure it’s
correlation with technology or
evolution technology were
excluded.
Selection of the studies based on examining the technological impact on different levels of remote working across
different cultures published between 2012 to 2022.
5. What is the distribution of the papers you have found through implementing your eligibility

criteria (referring to at least 40 papers) considering the journals they have been published

in? Please provide your answer through a visual representation.

Chart Title
25

21
20

15
13 Series1

10

6 6
5
5
3

1 1 1 1
0
2022 2022 2021 2021 2020 2018 2018 2012 2010 1983
6. Define the criteria for comparing the papers you have found through implementing your

eligibility criteria (referring to at least 40 papers). You must provide at least one table in which you

compare the papers you have found from different points of view. For example, see Table 3 in Ugur

and Mitra (2017). In Table 3 they compare the papers they have found from a qualitative point of

view. You do not have to use exactly the same criteria, this is just an example to clarify the question

and expectations. You should apply the criteria appropriate to your title, in addition to the three

columns: Study, Country/data period, Data and method; in other words, you should include the

three columns (Study, Country/data period, Data and method) and some more columns which

would help you to provide the insights you are expecting your paper to deliver.

Ci
ta
Abstract Outcomes Methodolo
Paper title Authors Journal Year ti
summary measured gy
o
ns
An Remote
Investigatio work
n of the environmen
Impacts of ts and
NYU Stern
Remote supporting 2 Empirical
M. Olson School of 1983
Work technology 1 analyses
Business
Environmen are
ts and impacting
Supporting remote
Technology work.
Economic Companies Lasma 22nd 2021 1 •Potential Economic
Benefits of could Licite- Internatio Financial Savings Analysis,
Remote introduce Kurbe, nal From Applying Scenario
Work from part-time Ruta Scientific Remote Work Analysis
the work Leonovica Conferenc Practices In
Employer practices if e Companies
Perspective a large
proportion •Specifics Of The
of the tasks Industry And Jobs
could be
performed •Funds That The
remotely. Company Was
 Initially Willing To
Invest In Its
Employees

•Largest
Economic Savings
From Applying
Remote Work
Practices

•Maintenance
Of Premises

•Electricity And
Internet Bills

•Provision Of
Equipment To
Employees

•Difficulty Of
Controlling
Employees

•Communicating
Effectively With
Each Other
Early
estimates
Going
suggested
Home: New
30-50% of •Percentage Of
Technology' Advances
Americans Americans
s Impact on in Quantitativ
would be K. Jones 2010 5 Involved In Full
Remote Business e research
working by Time Remote
Work Research
the Work Practices
Engagemen
beginning
t
of the 21st
century.
Remote 2022 7th •Interaction Of
Impact of
paired Internatio Software Teams
Video Literature
programmi Çağatay nal While Working
Conferencin review,
ng using Aktaş, Conferenc Remotely With
g 2022 1 comparison
videoconfer Mehmet e on Video
Applications of working
encing Göktürk Computer Conferencing
on Remote methods
applications Science Applications
Workers
is popular in and
 •Efficiency
Between Face To
Face Working
With The
Employees Of a
Company That
Has Adopted The
software Engineeri
Semi Remote
engineering ng
Working
. (UBMK)
Methodology
And Remote
Paired
Programming
Using Video
Conferencing
Applications
Investigatin
g the
Impact of
Remote Melvin S.
Remote Internatio
Working on Rañeses,
working has nal
Employee Noor Un •Employee
a strong Journal of Sampling
Productivity Nisa, Productivity
positive Business analysis,
and Work- Edgar 2022 1
relation to and quantitative
life Balance: Suliva •Employee Work
employees' Administr method
A Study on Bacason, Life Balance
productivity ative
the Salvacion
. Studies
Business Martir
Consultancy
Industry in
Dubai, UAE
HUMAN.
ENVIRON
MENT.
TECHNOL
OGIES.
REMOTE Remote
Proceedin Working
JOB work is Simona
gs of the efficently can be
OPPORTUNI becoming Mazustērn Literature
Students 2020 done using the
TIES IN THE more iniece, S. review
Internatio technology and
IT SECTOR popular Kodors
nal from home
2020 today.
Scientific
and
Practical
Conferenc
e
 However, it
seems to
discuss the
transformation
of the modern
economy due to
the spread of
information-
communication
technologies
(ICT), and how
this has led to a
Remote
decrease in
work or
remote production
REMOTE costs and an
occupation
OCCUPATIO increase in work
represents Internatio
N AND
collaboratio N. nal performance1. T
FREELANCE
n between Gubachev, Managem he paper also Quantitativ
AS 2018 1
employer V. Titov, A. ent discusses the e research
MODERN
and Korshunov Conferenc concept of
TREND OF
employee e remote work
EMPLOYME
at which and freelance as
NT
they are
new forms of
located at a
labor
distance.
relationships1.
It appears to be
a theoretical or
conceptual
paper that
analyzes
existing trends
and data rather
than conducting
original
empirical
research.
Remote Remote •Behavioral
office work: work refers Issues
2
changing to Surrounding Peer
M. Olson CACM 1983 1
work organizatio Remote Work reviews
3
patterns in nal work
space and that is •Organizational
 Issues
Surrounding
Remote Work

•Social Issues
Surrounding
Remote Work

•Characteristics
Of Jobs That Can
Be Performed At
Home
performed
•Individual
outside of
Control Over
the normal
Work Pace
time organizatio
nal confines
•Defined
of space
Deliverables
and time.
•Need For
Concentration

•Need For
Communication

•Self Motivation

•Self Discipline

•Skills Providing
Bargaining Power
Role of Online job Jiatong Sustainabi 2023 •Remote Work Online
Online crafting and Wang, lity Performance Survey
Time- leisure Yong
Spatial Job crafting Xiong,
Crafting and positively Majid
Leisure and Murad, N.
Crafting on significantly I.
Remote influence Chaudhary
Work remote , Hira
Performanc work Waqar
e through performanc
Tele- e.
Pressure
and
 Techno-
Self-Efficacy
The outcome of
the study is that
it provides
recommendatio
ns for the
management of
the
performance of
The remote workers,
Challenge Organizatio training of
and ns are managers of
Promise of embracing
Richard M. Argonne remote workers,
Remote and
Coffey, National and building a Informal
Work: A encouragin 2018 6
Laura Laborator culture field study
Brief Study g the
Wolf y compatible with
of Remote growing
Work and distributed remote
Best workforce. work3. The
Practices findings
suggest that
organizations
develop remote
work models to
attract and
retain the best
employees
worldwide3.
The Keys to A F. Sharon CIO 2020 The outcome of Practical
a Successful productive the article is a Recommen
Remote remote set of dations
Work work recommendatio
Strategy strategy can
ns for
pay off.
companies
looking to
implement a
successful
remote work
strategy1. These
recommendatio
ns are based on
the analysis of
 remote work
challenges and
the
identification of
key pillars
necessary for a
successful
strategy1. The
article
concludes that
getting remote
work right is
tough, but with
a mission-
driven approach
and effective
technology, a
productive
remote work
strategy can
really pay off1.
The
collective
energy of
having The use of
other telepresence
Tools and people robots can
Technology around who
Sustainabi reduce the need quantitative
for Effective are working Balu N Ilag 2021 3
lity for office space research
Remote towards the
Work same goal and enable
promotes workplace
innovation, flexibility.
collaboratio
n, and
collision.
Remote •Management
communica Analdo Processes
TRABALHO
tion is the Mazzei
REMOTO E
foundation Nogueira, 1 •Selection Managers
DESAFIOS INMR 2012
of Aline 3 determined
DOS
constructio Campos •Training
GESTORES
n of this Patini
employmen •Development
 •Achievement
Of Goals
t
relationship
•Performance
between
Evaluation
employee
and
•Motivation
manager.
•Plans For Jobs
And Salaries
An
Work-from- emerging Prithwiraj
Anywhere: form of Choudhur
•Productivity
The remote y, Cirrus
Harvard Effects Of Effect of
Productivity work allows Foroughi, 2020 6
University Geographic WFH
Effects of employees Barbara
Flexibility
Geographic to work- Zepp
Flexibility from- Larson
anywhere.
Challenges The physical Dietrich H. Managem 2021 1 The author has Practical
of Remote distance of Steude ent of examined the and
Leadership employees Organizati effects of theortical
in a from the ons: industrial analysis
Digitalized company Systemati
digitization on
Working has on its c
the change and
World 4.0 productivity Research
and innovation
innovation process in
potential. companies
based on many
practical
projects1. The
challenges of
digitalization
require an agile
process
execution. Lead
ership behavior
must adapt to
an increasingly
digitized
environment
inside and
 outside the
company
•Potential
Productivity
Away from
Advantage Of
Home and R. Juhász,
Organizatio The New
Back: M. National
nal barriers Working
Coordinatin Squicciarin Bureau of Practical
seem to be 2020 7 Arrangement
g (Remote) i, Nico Economic Evaluation
present
Workers in Voigtlände Research
today. •Organizational
1800 and r
Barriers Such As
2020
Coordinating
Workers
Remote working
has become
increasingly
successful in
New
recent years due
REMOTE technology
to advances in
WORKING: has made it
technology.
WILL IT possible to Martin Sustainabi Quantitativ
2020 Remote working
BECOME work more Gerard lity e research
has been
THE NEW efficiently
adopted
NORM? from a
gradually, as
distance.
companies have
become more
comfortable with
the idea.
Remote working
practices are
becoming
REMOTE
increasingly
WORKING
popular in small
PRACTICES Remote
and medium-
IN SMALL work in
Evgeniia sized businesses.
AND small and Chronos:
Alexsandr Quantitativ
MEDIUM medium- economy 2021
ovna Effective e research
FIRMS: sized sciences
Popova management of
STYLE AND businesses
remote work
MANAGEM is discussed.
requires a
ENT
combination of
METHODS
style and
management
methods.
Remote Remote I. Āboliņa, Proceedin 2021 • Remote work is Questionnai
 a new form of
employment
caused by the
work is one
digitalization of
of the new
the workplace. •
employmen
Remote work can
work : the t forms
A. improve digital
necessity of caused by gs re
Veselova skills and
today the impact
competences,
of
and contribute to
digitalizatio
the development
n.
of services and
products with
higher benefit.
Remote work is a
form of
organizational
work that is
Remote
performed
work refers
outside of the
to
normal
organizatio
organizational
nal work
confines of space
that is H
Remote and time. Empirical
performed OlsonMar 1983 1
office work Telecommuting is analyses
outside of grethe
a form of remote
the normal
work that
organizatio
involves the
nal confines
substitution of
of space
communications
and time.
capabilities for
physical
presence.

WORKING Remote Lovely Internatio 2023 Remote working Quantitativ

REMOTELY: work Joseph nal is defined as a e research
EMPLOYEES became Pullokaran Journal of flexible work and
BENEFITS increasingly , Fr. (Dr.) Engineeri arrangement qualitative
AND prevalent Paulachan ng whereby workers
CHALLENGE during the K Joseph Technolog work in locations
S COVID-19 y and remote from
pandemic. Managem their central
ent offices or
Sciences production
facilities, with no
personal contact
 with co-workers
but with the
ability to
communicate
using technology.
Remote working
has both benefits
and challenges
for employees,
such as increased
flexibility,
improved work-
life balance, and
increased
productivity, but
also potential
issues with
communication,
collaboration,
and isolation
Telepresence
robotics can
Telepresenc provide a virtual
e robots presence in the
Work
now allow office for remote
Flexibility,
any workers, allowing
Telepresenc
employee them to stay in
e in the
to be contact with
Office for Michal Literature
present in MIWAI 2018 3 their colleagues.
Remote Beno Review
the office The use of
Workers: A
from telepresence
Case Study
anywhere robots can
from
in the world reduce the need
Austria
and at any for office space
time. and enable
workplace
flexibility.
Balance of The T. 2020 •Recording Review
working specifics of Izbienova, Working Hours
time and work using M.
rest in digital Averyanov •Protection Of
remote technologie a Physical And
working s in the Mental Health Of
conditions "home Employees
office"
required •Protection Of
 special rules
for
recording
working
hours in
order to Leisure Time
protect
physical
and mental
health of
employees.
Remote access
Securely technologies
implementi enable us to
Technology
ng remote E. Carroll, work from home
enables us
access S. Wright, or on the road.
to work Journal of
within C. 1998 3 Security
from home AHIMA
health Zakoworot regulations and
or on the
information ny precautions must
road.
manageme be taken to
nt. ensure secure
remote access
Remote working
has become the
J. 41 st norm for most
Radulovic, Internatio companies due
Remote
Challenges Nemanja nal to the COVID-19
workers will
and N. Deretić, Conferenc pandemic. By
become the
Perspective Nikola e on 2025, it is
new norm 2022 2 Review
s for Vujanović, Organizati estimated that
in the
Remote Rade onal 70% of the
business
Work Matić, Science workforce will
world.
Nina Developm work remotely at
Djurica ent least five days a
month.

Remote A pilot Judith NYC 1986 6 •Voice Observation

working scheme was Bird Messaging
set up to (Rejected) •2
test two Electronic Mail
electronic Systems
mail •Videotex
systems •Central
plus Database To
videotex. Access Personnel
Details •Project
 Management
Files
Effective
Labor Software
Organizatio for •There Is No
N.
n «Remote» managing Mention Of
Nagibina, Sustainabi Literature
Employees: employees 2021 1 Outcome
A. lity review
From on remote Variables In This
Bestuzhev
Functional employmen Excerpt
Tasks to t is formed.
Software
•Optimization Of
The cloud- Resources
Remote based
Practical solution IEEE •Collaborative
Work consumes a Lamine Global And Easy To
Environmen lot of Yade, Engineeri Access Lab
t based on resources Amadou ng 2022 1 Interface Surveys
Containers and Dahirou Education
to replace therefore Gueye Conferenc •Real Time
Virtual brings e Communication
Machines cumbersom Between
e. Learners And
Teachers
Competenci Companies Alma Lilia MNAM 2017 1 •Information Online
as de have the Sapién- Technology Skills Survey
tecnología information Aguilar, Required For
de technology M. Teleworking
información required to Carrera-
para el develop Ramos, •Handling Of
trabajo a telework. Laura Office
distancia en Cristina Applications Such
las Piñón- As Text Editors
organizacio Howlet, And
nes en M. C. Spreadsheets
México Gutierrez-
Diez •Communication
Networks Such
As Local Area
Network And
Internet Access

•Technology Of
Information
Required To
 Develop
Telework

•Additional
Tools Used By
Workers

•New Skills For

Professionals Of
The Information
Society
Offering
employees
the option
to work
remotely Privileged
Remote Morey J. •Employee
can work to Attack 2020 Statistics
Access Haber Retention Rates
the Vectors
advantage
of the
organizatio
n.
Making the
Best of
Remote
Online job
Work
crafting and Cai Li,
Performanc
leisure Majid
e in the
crafting Murad,
Time of
positively Dr. Social
COVID-19:
and Naveed Science •Remote Work Online
Curing Tele- 2022
significantly Chaudhry, Research Performance Survey
Pressure
influence Farhan Network
Through
remote Mirza,
Online
work Hira
Time-
performanc Waqar
Spatial Job
e.
Crafting and
Leisure
Crafting
A Acceleratin 6th •Software
SYSTEMATI g data Ivan LIMEN Solutions For
C REVIEW: transfer Gjorgjievs Conferenc Time Systematic
2020
SOFTWARE speeds has ki, Daniela e Management Review
SOLUTIONS produced a Karadakov Proceedin
FOR TIME- side effect gs (part of •Location
 in
decreasing
MANAGEM the location LIMEN Independency
ENT IN dependency conferenc
REMOTE of the e •Virtual Work
WORK average collection
SETTINGS worker in ) •Work Teams
certain
industries.
COVID‐19
and the
New
Technologie •Digital Exhaust
s of •Data
Organizing: Remote Representations
Digital work Journal of Of Employees
Exhaust, creates vast P. Managem 6 •Employee Online
2020
Digital amounts of Leonardi ent 5 Behavior Survey
Footprints, digital Studies Predicted And
and exhaust. Shaped By
Artificial Artificial
Intelligence Intelligence
in the Wake
of Remote
Work
Working in a
remote, virtual
environment is
Virtual becoming
working increasingly
Working in skills will be necessary for
a remote, essential for businesses to Hybrid
virtual staff D. Yeouart McKinsey 2007 1 remain Virtual
environmen employmen competitive. Model
t t in the Flexible working
coming practices are
years. needed to attract
and retain a
diverse
workforce.
 1

IDENTIFICATION  Non relevant articles removed through

Database Reach (N=300)
limiting options in the database (n=88).

Scopus =300  Limiting a couple of key words like: work

from home, remote working, technology,
advancement, employee engagement,
Articles sifted technostress, management control, HR from
n=37 home etc.

SCREENING Dissertations, books n= 58

Articles identified for

retrieval n = 37

Non-relevant articles excluded by reviewers

with reasons (n=169)
Articles identified for
eligibility n = 37
Articles included in the
review (n=21)
 Non association N=90
 Not studying impact on employees’
proactivity N=25
 No examination of autocratic or
empowering leadership N= 22
 Other inclusion criteria not met: N = 32

Articles not retrieved (n=0)

INCLUDED
Non-relevant articles excluded by
reviewers (n=18)
 Qualitative review, literature
review (n=18)

Selection of the studies based on examining the technological impact on different level for remote working across