Frankenstein and Annunaki On Touchstone of Futuristic Apocalypses

IMPACT FACTOR – 5.
61 ISSN 2349-5189
LangLit
An International Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal
Frankenstein and Anunnaki on Touchstone of

Futuristic Apocalypses: A Comparative Study
Done By
Dr. Mubarak Ali Ahmed Alhamadi Alyadoumi

Assistant Professor of English, Academic Researcher and Literary Writer
21 September University for Medical and Applied Sciences, DECS, Dept. of English
Yemen, Sana’a, Alswad, Taiz St., Near 48 Medical Compound,
www.21umas.edu.org
Researcher’s email Address: mubarakalhamadi@gmail.com
Abuabdullahyemen1@gmail.com
10 Jan. 2022
Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

Website: www.langlit.org Contact No.: +91-9890290602
Indexed: ICI, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Academia.edu, IBI, IIFC, DRJI
IMPACT FACTOR – 5.61 ISSN 2349-5189
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I. Researcher
Dr. Mubarak Ali Ahmed Al-Hamadi, AlYadoumi was born on 08 July 1984 in Daf village,
Mabir city, Thamar governorate, Republic of Yemen. He is originally from De Yadoum
village, Khulan province, Sana’a_ the Capital of Yemen. He is a poet, author, social activist
and an asst. professor of English. He had done the M. A. Degree in English at S.R.T.M.
University, India. His Ph. D. Degree in English was done at Dr. BAMU, Aurangabad, India,
completed on 17-11-2018. He has also some published research papers in English. He has
participated in about 20 international conferences, seminars and workshops. Moreover, he has
published some books in English. Initially, his first poetry collection in English is titled Hell
of Shebaland in which he attempted to picture the circumstances in Yemen in the second
decade of the twentieth century. Then, the book titled Shackles on the Ladder of Light is his
second poetry collection in English; the book sheds the whole light on the discouraging
attitudes of the people in the poet’s surrounding environment and the self-resistance even
with the self. The third book published is titled: Human Plagues in Literature Mirror: A
Critical Study on Select World Literary Works; just collection of the author’s previous
research works. His fourth book is entitled: Common Social and Political Predicaments in the
Literary Works of the Select Nobel laureate Authors; a part of the author’s Ph.D. research
work. The fifth book is entitled: Hearts in Rural Yemen; a tragicomedy reflecting some
Yemeni cultural negativities regarding of love and marriage. Thorny Throne: Ten Crown
Down is the sixth book published; a historical fiction with multi-story method. Still Fear:
Trilogy is the seventh book published; three-short story collection describing three critical
angles: fear, war, and discrimination. The last but not the least, Rusts of Minds (Lessons)
which has been published in August 2021.In Addition, Dr. Mubarak’s work experience: He
had been as an assistant professor of English at Sana’a University – 2020-2021, 21SAMS
University – 2019-2021, National University – 2019-2020, Queen Arwa University- 2019-
2021, Civilization Private University – 2019-2021, and Ittihad University – 2019-2021.

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II. Declaration
I, Dr. Mubarak Ali Ahmed Alhamadi Alyadoumi (university professor of English

Literature and Criticism), hereby declare that this research work entitled Frankenstein
and Anunnaki on Touchstone of Futuristic Apocalypses: A Comparative Study is
completely original and entirely guaranteed, that is to say, there are no any previous
studies by any researcher or institution in the world neither in part nor in full have
tackled the same subject-matters comparatively with the same language, methodology
and results up to the moment.
The Researcher,
Dr. Mubarak Alyadoumi
mubarakalhamadi@gmail.com
abuabdullahyemen1@gmail.com
+967-770626204

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III. Dedication
To
My Parents

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IV. Acknowledgement
All praises, gratitude and thanks are due to Allah for His helps, auspices and providences as
of sure without Whose Supports none can be done now and ever.
And besides, as it is a saying that he who does not thank people does not thank the God; I am
very grateful to Dr. B. S. Jadhav (a professor of English at SRTMU, India), Dr. Saturkar
Madam (an associate professor of English at SRTMU, India), Dr. Prashant Mothe (an asst.
professor of English at BAMU, India), Dr. A. J. Khan (a professor of English at Maulana
Abu al-Kalam Azad Center for Research and Higher Learning), and Dr. Samad Shaikh (a
professor of English at BAMU, India) for their encouragements and inspiring counsels.
What is more, there are Yemeni professors who are due to thanks for their motivations
including Dr. Mohammed Muharram, Dr. Mohammed Alfasli, Dr. Abdul Malik Alselwi, Dr.
Rafiq Alriani, Dr. Mana’a Shaddad, Dr. Omer Da’ar Albukhaiti, Dr. Abdullah Al-Gurbani,
Dr. Ibrahim Tajadeen, Dr. Abdulwadood Alnezaili, Dr. Mahmoud Ogaili, and Dr. Entisar
Alhilali (Iraqi national- the vice-chancellor of CPU, Sana’a).
Finally, from the recesses of my heart I thank my brothers, relatives, all my friends, and
colleagues for everything done as I feel it motivating and urging to work hard for achieving
highly aspired aims and awesome successes.

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VI. Table of Contents
I. Title Page
II. Researcher
III. Declaration
IV. Dedication
V. Acknowledgement
VI. Table of Contents
VII. Abstract
VIII. Keywords
Chapter –I
1. Introduction
2. Statement of the Problem
3. Aim and Objectives
4. Scope and Limitations
5. Research Methodology
6. Need and Significance
7. Literature Review
Chapter –II
 Comparative Study
Chapter –III
1. Conclusion
2. Scope for Further Studies
3. Works Cited

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V. Abstract
The present research work has studied the coherent relationship between the select science
fiction novel of Frankenstein and the select legendary story of Anunnaki comparatively on
the touchstone of futuristic apocalypses. It has explained how Mary shelly has implied
scientific theories in term of medicine and how Sumerian mythology has preoccupied certain
scientific experiments that can be practiced in modern day medical sciences; the cloning and
organ transplanting processes are the most critically convergent subject matters with
reference to advance sciences. On the other hand, the anagnorisis of the current study has
been changed when it comes to discover the disastrous consequences of such creations as the
tragedies of the hamartia have brought about the peripeteia moving ahead to the denouement.
This is to demonstrate that even with the existence of modern sciences and advance
technology, various kinds of similar calamitous problems happen, on the top of that in the
current time is Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and this is what the stories targeted have
warned via their direct thematic observations.
VI. Keywords:
Frankenstein, Anunnaki, Science fiction and mythology, modern sciences and technology,
precedencies and futuristic apocalypses, and action and aftermath.

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Chapter – I
1. Introduction:
In fact, literature, which may be entertained poorly in many countries, has been not merely
the mirror of societies as to riddle the shortcomings (evil) and reinforce good but also the
inspiration of various life-affairs as well as science affairs. The emergence of Science Fiction
has attracted the attentions of many readers, filmmakers and spectators because it “stimulates
their imaginations, creativity, problem-solving and coping skills”. The science fiction genre
can use in part at least theories of factual sciences in stories, and based on such theories can
apocalyptically reveal certain signals of futuristic events and changes.
Mythology, on the other hand, has been concealed particularly in religious communities in
spite of the fact that some mythical stories represent certain ancient civilizations that can be
to great extent true or at least may reflect on some cultures that may still exist even in the 21st
century. In other words, myths can express some exaggerated or peculiar norms, values,
traditions and customs, and even scientific procedures performed medically for instance to
treat patients and deal with things all around traditionally. Mythology can narrate some
stories of unknown ages regarding of life before humans and life afterwards.
Thence, one may test the advantages of science fiction and mythology on the ‘stone of
philosophy’ for the sake of development and awareness of the consequences of every action
and even may follow the rays of light to more perfect innovative works. For this, the instant
research study has highlighted how the science has had dual manifestations across ages and

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countries, i.e. Frankenstein had been being recounted for more than bicentenary in
Switzerland, a country in the central Europe. Whereas Anunnaki, the narration translated
from Cuneiform into English, had been being retraced on the hearts of rocks and metal pieces
for more than four millennia in Mesopotamia (Iraq), a country belonged to the Arabian
Peninsula, situated in Western Asia, and laid between the rivers of Tigris and Euphrates.
2. Statement of the Problem:
By axiom, a researcher has to be erudite to some extent about some basic backgrounds in a
variety of things around them, mainly, with regard to whatever revolves around their
mainstream in general. Thus, while the instant researcher had been reading some ancient
civilizations out of curiosity, he had gone through the Sumerian civilization. In fact, when
reading the Sumerian civilization, one has to pass through various mythological stations, and
the most interesting one is the “Myth of Mesopotamia”, the legendary story of Anunnaki.
What has attracted the attention of the researcher is the creative experiments in the story of
Anunnaki that have had empirical practices in modern science and technology.
As per the literary background of the researcher on science fiction genre as a whole, he has
started searching for any correspondent SF novel that can be somewhat with similar
reflections to the modern science and technology. Actually, the critical reading of any fiction
often comes up with doubts of its real-represented cases regardless of realistic sort of
literature. However, when it comes to the new term of genre, ‘Science Fiction’ (SF or Sci-Fi),
the issue has a different trend because the term ‘fiction’ has been modified by the term

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‘science’. That is, as far as science is concerned, the themes have certain aspects out of
fantasy or the common representation of fiction that often can be mythical as well.
Consequently, after reading about different authors’ SF novels, the researcher has explored
the above-mentioned SF novel as one of the most symmetric works with the modern sciences,
and having astonishing parallelism with the legendary story of Anunnaki.
3. Aim and Objectives of the Study:
i. Broad Aim:
The aim of the present research is to study the triangulated subject matters
(mythology, science fiction and modern sciences) to solve/prove the
hypothesized problem based on significant similarities in Frankenstein and
Anunnaki to signify further their implications upon the revelation of
futurology.
ii. Specific Objectives:
a. To investigate the scientific precedencies of both Frankenstein and Anunnaki.
b. To interpret the scientific precedencies of both Frankenstein and Anunnaki.
c. To compare between Frankenstein and Anunnaki based on the results of
interpretation.
d. To demonstrate the corresponding references to modern science and
technology.

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4. Scope and Limitations:
The research study from its very title Frankenstein and Anunnaki on Touchstone of Futuristic
Apocalypses: A Comparative Study has been limited to the two works selected in scope. In
addition, both the scientific references of the Science Fiction novel and the Legendary Story
mentioned in correspondence will be implied in apocalyptical matters so as to explain
comparatively the ways they have occupied great signs of modern science and events as well
as future-predicted developments at both science and events.
In other words, in the current research work, the researcher is going to compare between
these two selected works in the sense of literary scientific interventions. Actually, the
fictional and mythical expressions of creations, resuscitations and human revivals in addition
to their consequences whether good or evil are the thesis statement of the research work. For
this, the present study scopes to tackle and illustrate the symmetric parallelisms in both the
selected works with reference to the real life situation from the apocalyptical point of view.
Hence, there will not be any detailed description of the processes of creations, resuscitations,
or revivals by any way neither as being presented in the selected works nor in scientific
reality. Of course, the study is carefully restricted to the corresponding results and their
reflections whether coincidently or intentionally directed and applied. Furthermore, there will
not be any religious intervention (quotation) even if it is required because the study is adapted
in the mainstream of comparative literature in core. That is to say, it is theoretically oriented

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with reference to real world situational advancements away from pure facts and religious
beliefs.
5. Research Methodology:
Frankenstein and Anunnaki on Touchstone of Futuristic Apocalypses: A Comparative Study
is a qualitative type of research in which the researcher uses the interpretative and analytical
methods in comparing the two selected works. The descriptive approach has also been
involved in the discussions of the main events worth of comparison in the study. The theory
of comparative literature with reference to the comparison between a literary genre and any
other work from different fields has been employed. It has been remarked with the American
School of comparative literature as per the definition of Henry Remak, literatures without
borders.
In other expressions, it can be observed to great extent that the researcher has indirectly
adopted Jacques Derrida’s theory of Deconstruction to study the events similarly issued in
both the original texts. As a comparative study of two different works of different genres and
of sure with different thematic backgrounds, settings and plots, it requires accurate and
precise determinations of subjects explored to be scrutinized with supporting ideas from
primary and secondary sources.
Accordingly, the researcher has read the original text of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein several
times as to highlight the paralleled incidents to be compared. The primary sources help in
redefining some ambiguous details with reference to the science fiction novel of Frankenstein

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in the issues set in the current research to be treated. Anunnaki, on the other hand, has its
original text in the Cuneiform language. Thus, the researcher has depended upon the
translated texts, namely, upon Michael Tellinger’s Slave Species of the Gods as an
explanatory type of work for the legendary story of Anunnaki, and Zecharia Sichin’s The Lost
Book of Enki as the translated text of Anunnaki from Cuneiform into English.
Furthermore, the secondary sources have been used to demonstrate the corresponding reality
in modern world positions. That is to say, while discussing incidental acts or events of both
Frankenstein and Anunnaki, the researcher refers to futuristic elements of apocalypses
regarding of the modern science and technology. Undoubtedly, to be clear, the present
research study has had a good deal of the previous research studies for they are all
acknowledged. Although the literature review of the study has recorded only ten previous
research studies as the most relevant ones in the targeted subject matter, there are more than
hundred previous researches that have studied both the works critically but from different
angles and dimensions. What is more, frankly the researcher has read them and got a lot of
prolific information in terms of the cultural backgrounds and themes, and indirectly such
works have paved pathway to head toward hypothesized purposes and enriched the researcher
with some major events in the select stories as well.
Therefore, after reading the primary sources and the secondary sources, the researcher has
schemed all the research work’s parts and elements. Indeed, it can be noted that the process
of interpretation, comparison and reflection can be divided into four phases based on the aim
and objectives of the present study. The first phase, the researcher has to interpret the chosen

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event from the SF novel Frankenstein and its core sense, he can advance evidences or quotes
from the original text, and then he may support the entire notion with some views from other
studies. The second phase, the same process can be performed with the legendary story of
Anunnaki (as for Frankenstein). The third phase, the events elucidated of both Frankenstein
and Anunnaki can be compared accordingly. The fourth phase, the real world advances in
science and technology in relevance can be indicated in accordance with the results of the
extractive comparison of each event studied. Afterwards, the researcher has to conclude the
process with the total results of the entire research study.
Note: The researcher uses the edition-8 MLA style particularly in the following aspects:
i. In-text citation, paraphrase and long quotation
ii. Works Cited
iii. Page layout (margins and size)
iv. Pagination and researcher’s surname
v. Font size and type
vi. Line and paragraph spacing
vii. Left alignment of text

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6. Need and Significance of the Study:
The present study is original and of paramount significance due to the novelty not only of the
results but also of the endeavor to compare between mythology and science fiction,
especially, the science fiction novel of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the legendary story
of Sumer’s Anunnaki. In fact, there is no any previous research study has compared between
these two selected works ever neither in part nor in whole. This is regardless of the subject
matters tackled and studied comparatively in the current study in addition to the practical
references to the real world situations and advancements.
Frankenstein, the selected science fiction novel, has preceded the modern advance
technology in cloning process, for example, and in predicting the world wars and their
aftermath as well. Despite the fact that it has its bicentenary in 2018, still has it been
proactive ahead. Anunnaki, the selected legendary story, has narrated stories of civilizations
backed to thousands of years BC. It has informed humans about extraterrestrial beings, space
travels, UFOs, gold importance, cosmological secrets, creations, disasters, etc. that can
motivate humankinds to trace such rays of science in modern researches and technology
improvement, and to warn them from the evil reactions of evil actions or malpractices in
many concerns.
Consequently, this research study (Humanities in general sense) from its motifs and themes
has had human, scientific and literary need and significance: Humanly, to nourish individuals
and societies with such mental stimulations that can enlighten them to think positively,
meditate wisely and practice their lives safely and peacefully. Scientifically, to inspire them

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to think deeply, create perfectly and care ultimately. Literarily, to polish their skills and
talents to think critically, attempt severally and live happily.
7. Literature Review:
Even though the present research study is still virgin as the first comparative study between
Frankenstein and Anunnaki, there have been as being mentioned earlier in the ‘Research
Methodology of the Study’ some research articles done on each work separately. For that, the
researcher has reviewed most of these previous studies and included the most relevant ones in
the ‘Literature Review of the Study’.
i. Previous Studies on Frankenstein:
Richard Holmes in The Science that Fed Frankenstein considers Frankenstein a mythic story
and claims that the proclamation of aliens invading the Earth is nothing but to reflect the
outcasts and rejected people to pretend humanity and science as such.
Thomas Vargish in Technology and Impotence in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein discusses
certain subjects matter like usurpation and technology and the overcome of technology on
traditions and customs, responsibilities and creation, and helps and services that technology
offers for humankinds regardless of the shortcomings. He further supports that electricity is
implied in Frankenstein although it was not existed at that time.
Eliane Graham in Science, Myth, and Being Human: Re-member Mary Shelley’s
Frankenstein argues that technology and sciences can come out of mythology and the

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cautions are healthy phenomena to keep the people aware of the error’s consequences. She
discussed the experiments in resuscitations and the revival of the dead may be similar to as
one invades themselves by the reckless advances in science without deep awareness or
knowledge.
Balaji Anandrao Navle in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: A Treatise of Science regarded
Frankenstein as a great work of prediction that preceded modern sciences particularly in
cloning. He claims that it is necessary to expect negative and positive consequences in
creation results as such and this novel of Shelley refers to the potentialities of modern
sciences and technology apocalyptically in a creative way.
Hamza Kheloufi et al. in Science Fiction and Futurism in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein tackle
various points in this regard. They claim that through mythology one can forecast the future
and the warning points in mythology one may see them nowadays in the real world. They
argue that the monster is but the aftermath representative of the advance technology in
medicine and chemical weapons, cloning and atom bomb.
Zinia Mitra in A Science Fiction in A Gothic Scaffold: A Reading of Mary Shelly’s
Frankenstein argues that Frankenstein is “a unique blend of two genres, gothic and science.
Zinia views that this mixture is considered “social and traditional assumptions” in the sense
that mythology can reveal realities in futurology and technology.
ii. Previous Studies on Anunnaki:

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In addition to what Michael Tellinger’s and Zecharia Sichin’s detailed explanations for
Anunnaki and Sumerian mythology (civilizations), some studies have been done in the
particular points of the present study but from different angles and without comparison to any
other types of works a previous studies. They are as follows:
Bipin Shah in The Legend of Annu-Nagi, Myhtology and History of Naga People and Last
Queen Gaidinliu of Naga People of India argued (with reference to Zecharia Sichin) that
there was an ancient civilization of extraterrestrials who lived on the Earth before humans,
and taken the bible as the supporting evidence for his claim. Furthermore, he viewed that the
aliens were of superpower capabilities to create live beings, and “we were a genetic
manipulation of humanoids, and Nibiruan reptilians were his conclusion.” Thus, the research
article compared between some similar events in the Bible with those in the story of
Anunnaki.
Zohid Madrahimove1 in From The Mysterious History of The Sumers claims in this article
that the first founders of the Earth and our world were extraterrestrials to the best knowledge
and information of the Sumerian civilization history (mythologies). He further explained that
those aliens who had established the life for humans on the Earth as the originals. He, on the
other hand, saw that the DNA resulted that the Sumerian civilization had been related to the
Indian Valley Civilization.
1 NamUS, Associate Professor of History, Ph.D., Azizbek Karimov, Namangan State University History of the Sumers.

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Thorkild Jacobsen in Assyriological Studies No. 11: ‘The Sumerian Kings List’ focuses on the
Sumerian Mythology – recording the kings based on the legendary stories of Mesopotamia.
Moreover, Jacobsen doubts that several mysterious questions without answers up to the
moment on such great civilization on the Earth. That is to say, he has suggested for further
studies in this affair because it is not out of sense or merely legend.
Jack Ellison in Case Studies in the Emergence of Civilization emphasizes on the cultural
changes in comparison with various civilizations that existed nowadays based on previous
roots and stems of highlighted civilizations. He has discussed the evolutions and such huge
civilizations with their different characteristics, and mentioned the most featured historic
civilizations including ‘Pyramids’, Enigma’s, Indus Valley’s, China’s, and Middle
America’s’. This study is meant to let the people meditate upon such ancient civilizations and
conduct more serious studies about them to discover and extract the treasuring facts about
human origin and aim of existence.
Generally, all the previous studies included above have been of course emphasizing on the
worthiness of the two selected works on the one hand, and explaining some subject matters
that support the worth and validity of the present research study. Despite everything, the
current study is unique in the sense of comparison and many detailed issues in addition to
different way of explanation, launches and ‘deconstructions’ of the original texts.

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Chapter -II
 Comparative Study
The imaginations in Frankenstein are in content often based somewhat on scientific basis as
in the natural science, especially, chemistry. However, as far as fields of science are
concerned, Anunnaki story are based on chemistry as well as astronomy. Undoubtedly, these
selected works can be initially myths prevailing in certain societies maybe since time
immemorial. What is more, as far as such imaginative contents are having some parts in
sciences considered by scientific theories, they have approached the futuristic element of
their themes, and perhaps they have still some other types of contents that have not yet been
explored and/or are going to be proved facts in future scientific studies. To Richard Holmes
(2016) in Frankenstein in The Science That Fed Frankenstein, “[T]he myth of Victor
Frankenstein, the crazed but idealistic young scientist who unwittingly lets loose his
monstrous creation and struggles to accept responsibility, is a heady cocktail of gothic
melodrama and disturbing speculation. It has proved astonishingly adaptable,” (490).
Therefore, Frankenstein at the beginning was nothing but a reflection on social myth with
regard to Gothic culture and literary backgrounds. However, later on, it has been
scientifically investigated to have scientific basis – referring to futuristic technological
advancements.
Anunnaki, on the other hand, is mythical in core but indicating ushering and leading
headlines for modern and futuristic signals of modern sciences – interpreting the Sumerian

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civilization, and predicting fatal events in future times. Indeed, Sumerians’ civilization
(Southern Mesopotamia) - Anunnaki’s transportation means c. 4000 BC and legends have
been talking about different beings with different shapes and mentalities came down to Earth
planet from Nibiru Planet with the help of non-expected advanced technology. To John Black
(2015) in The Origins of Human Beings According to Ancient Sumerian Texts, “[S]umerians
created an advanced civilization with its own system of elaborate language and writing,
architecture and arts, astronomy and mathematics” (Black). That is, such an ancient
mythology has introduced modern technology stories and apocalyptical stories as
consequences of technology on the one hand, and the hypotheses - what is going to come
whether people prepare for it or not like supernatural beings from another planet invading the
earth on the other.
Certainly, both Frankenstein and Anunnaki are mythic interpretations that can express
cultural and social thoughts and beliefs of particular societies and times, and from another
point of view, they have a good fortune in the sense of universalism and timelessness that
enable such mythical works to be alive eternally if not being exaggerated. Apparently, H.
Guston et al. have announced, “[T]he world will celebrate the bicentennial of Frankenstein’s
publication on 1 January 2018. Arizona State University (ASU) will be the epicenter of this
celebration of the power of literature, science, art, imagination, and ingenuity,” (H. Guston et
al. 1). Thus, Frankenstein is over a bicentennial active literary work (1818), referring to
guiding rays of science. Definitely, every creative work has its motive motif that has urged its
creator or leader to experiment something absolutely new and novel. When it comes to the

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level of success (even if there have been some challenges or flaws), the result of the
innovative process is considered a creation in nature.
In other spheres, Michael Tellinger’s The Slave Species of the Gods, the legendary story of
Anunnaki explains in detail the reason and need of their creation, human creation. As they
came traveling across space from their planet (Nibiru) to Earth for the sake of Gold when
their planet was in an urgent need for such required precious metal, they had been working
(mining) for years together and transporting the loads by what they called UFOs to Mars and
then again to Nibiru. As a cause of toil, they had suffered a lot from such a hard work and
their workers started complaining; Enki, the god, and Ninmah, the goddess, had to think
about creating a new being that could help them working, mining, serving and even
worshipping without complaining.
Indeed, tens of experiments had been failed or having great faults. However, with the
determination and insistence of Enki and Ninmah to have their aim achieved, they eventually
created what they called it Adamu (a male creature) and for years they had been creating
male creatures. Afterwards, “[F]inally, after a whole Shar (3,600 years), the Anunnaki were
relieved of the toil in the mines,” (Tellinger 367). They got one of their experiments
succeeded to create a female creature called Tiamat and that was able to continually procreate
and proliferate naturally as to offer a greater job in serving their gods and working for them.
Similarly, in Frankenstein, the SF novel of Mary Shelley, even though the motivation was in
fact integral in the term of creation as per the interest and curiosity of Victor Frankenstein,
the main character, he had attempted many experiments with certain types of chemical

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substances to create something like man as to be its lord and creator at the beginning. Victor
declared, “[A] new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and
excellent natures would owe their being to me,” (H. Guston et al. 37). Therefore, it was an
obsession to have a slave-like creature in order to exploit its power and abilities at Victor’s
benefit besides its praise and worship to offer.
Without doubt, when meditating upon the hierarchical patterns from the motif to the creation,
Enki in the mythical narration and Victor in the SF novel had had some kinds of ambition and
volition to create new species. That creative thinking was the first-pace forward to advancing
several attempts to combine and build elements and cells to support their plans scientifically
and to prove it true in reality. These attempting expressions in such mythical thinking or
works are deemed as scientific experiments that may lead to factual thinking and real
practicing to come true in future with the advancement of technology. Obviously, one can
simply notice the concurrent similarities in the expositions of the stories of both Anunnaki
and Frankenstein, i.e. mythology cannot only drive to technology but also can be the
revelation of futurology.
For instance, the first attempt (ever on Earth) of resuscitation happened, thousands of years
ago, was performed on Anzu by Nurse Ninmah. Actually, it was not just resuscitation but
also revival of the dead. In more elaborated way, the story was that Enki (Ea) had had a
journey back to Nibiru to bring some supplies as well as tools, and fifty experts beside
Ninmah and the female nurses to assist him in his process of creation. It is depicted:

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By the time they reached Mars and descended to the same spot next to the lake here
Ea had landed before, they found Anzu, dead. This is the first time we are really
exposed to the scientific or medical knowledge of the Anunnaki. Ninmah performs a
variety of procedures to revive Anzu, and for the first time we witness a dead person
being brought back to life. “From her pouch she took out the Pulser; upon Anzu’s
heart pulsing she directed . . . she took out the Emitter, its crystals’ life giving
emissions on his body she directed.” Ninmah repeated this several times after which
Anzu opened his eyes. (Tellinger 360)
Actually, they had performed various experiments and several primitive models of the
targeted unknown kind of creature even though they had molded it on their body-shapes and
facial features. Additionally, they had characterized its rival, greed, and aggression similar to
their natural characteristics. What is more, the mortality had been inherited in man via DNA
tests processes same as theirs as well (Sichin).
Comparatively, a similar example in Frankenstein was, according to H. Guston et al. (2017),
the operation performed by Victor to animate the creature its body collected from different
dead parts of human dead bodies, and the way he had revived the collected body back to life
was at that time something impossible to think of rather than to attempt. Now the modern
science has tested it partially true in the basis of the electricity in resuscitation. H. Guston et
al. expound, “[M]ary refers to a ‘spark’ that animates Victor’s creature and brings him to life.
This reference alludes to the use of electricity to reanimate a body, a relatively new idea at
the time of this novel’s publication…,” (H. Guston et al. 41).

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In reality, these two initial examples selected from both Anunnaki and Frankenstein are at the
start-up point to launch the scientific and technical operations to the creation. Thus, the two
above-mentioned examples have illustrated clearly the effect of myth on imagination, then
thinking, and practicing as well. For this, since the stated cases in the stories narrated
hundreds of years back, and the modern science regarding of Medicine scrutinized a part of
the process successfully, i.e. the resuscitation-which becomes nowadays possible, both
Anunnaki and Frankenstein still have been inspiring of the time of reviving back the dead to
life in reality not only in fiction. Hence, many modern medical sciences study the issue in a
serious manner with the help of advance supplies of technology, and the future promises with
unbelievable surprises in various fields of sciences.
Anyhow, the developments in the plot-structures of Anunnaki story and Frankenstein novel
elucidate the process from nothing to creational being. First, both the creators, Enki and
Victor, faced various challenges that could not be normal with any scientists even now. On
the top of these challenges is the social one: For Enki, his brother Enlil claimed that Enki was
going to transgress the law of creation and such a risky action might bring about their fatal
disaster because such an act might be absolutely specialized to the Almighty God only.
Similarly, for Victor, his friends and colleagues in the chemical lab discouraged him to make
anything not normal without perfect knowledge available in the books of science, but he
insisted on his opinion. They further tried to convince him even that he had been wasting the
chemical substances of the lab although some he made them on his own. On both the cases
(Enki’s and Victor’s), Tellinger’s statement can interpret:

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These words should sound very familiar to those who have been following the
controversy surrounding the cloning issue in the twenty-first century. There is so
much opposition to proposed cloning of embryos; stem cell therapy and the cloning of
humans has been prohibited by most nations. (367)
The ingenuities of preparing the components to provide the body systems with living power
of animation that were as good as modern medicine sciences investigated had been performed
by both Enki and Victor on the stages of their Creation Theaters.
As far as Anunnaki had preceded Frankenstein by thousands of years, it is to point out the
experiments of Enki first along with other characters like Nurse Ninmah and the Seven Birth
Mothers has to be illustrated first. Here, Enki and Ninmah had spent years together advancing
experiments to create slave species similar to them but with primitive junior mentality. It is
narrated:
Enki made his voice heard. And spoke to the great gods, 'On the first, seventh, and
fifteenth of the month. I shall make a purification by washing. Then one god should
be slaughtered. And the gods can be purified by immersion. Nintu shall mix clay with
his flesh and his blood. Then a god and a man Will be mixed together in clay. Let us
hear the drumbeat forever after. Let a ghost come into existence from the god's
flesh… (Dalley 15)
Consequently, Ninmah had prepared the ‘admixture’ (fertilized eggs) well with the Anunnaki
essence in a crystal vessel before inserting them in the wombs of the targeted female

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volunteers. After many failed attempts, they had succeeded to create the first human being on
Earth (Tellinger 368-9). Enki described the baby as quoted by Tellinger: “Shaggy like the
wild ones he was not . . . dark black his head hair was . . . Smooth was his skin . . . smooth as
the Anunnaki skin it was . . . Like dark red blood was its colour . . . like the clay of the Abzu
was its hue” (370). This is the first manifestation of man and the description of the gods
according to the Sumerian mythology with respect to Anunnaki and human creation.
Victor, on the other hand, had his own way of creation. The Chemistry Lab he used to work
at as a student of chemistry became a morgue for corpses to transplant the organs from one
body into another until he had completed the entire transplanting process of all human body
organs. He literally declared, “I collected bones from charnel houses; and disturbed, with
profane fingers, the tremendous secrets of the human frame,” (H. Guston et al. 39).
Frequently, Victor spent most of his times working on constructing the body and combining
its organs anatomically. After having completed, what he thought the essential requirements
of creating a man-like creature or at least reviving a dead person back to life, he left it
carelessly and went back home.
When he came back to see his creation, he was watching some signs of living on the face and
some other parts of the body. Victor, unfortunately, was shocked when he came to know that
his creation had appeared so ugly - from the moment he saw the creature started up slowly
opening his eyes to see his creator and life at large. “…I saw the dull yellow eye of the
creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs” (41). Actually,

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Victor had depicted his creation (creature) further with his bad impression on it from the first
sight:
His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful!—
Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries
beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness;
but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that
seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his
shrivelled complexion, and straight black lips. (42)
Hence, this depiction is but to foretell and predict the catastrophic coming events due to some
drawbacks and shortcomings in the creation as to indicate the fatal consequences of some
modern technological or scientific processes that may lead to some destructions or havocs.
That is to say, it can be regarded as technophobia – fearing from the risky advancements in
science with no sufficient knowledge assumed of their future effects or aftermaths.
The comparison at these recent themes of Anunnaki and Frankenstein is a bit simple because
the references to the apocalyptical point is obviously unambiguous. Although the results of
the experiments were clearly different in terms of the finalized outcomes of the creations, the
purpose was similar from various dimensions, especially, the plan that was to have a new
species in both the works. As a whole, it can be said that Mary Shelley had been directly or
indirectly inspired such a notion from the Sumerian mythology.

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In contrast, Enki with the assistance of the nurse
Ninmah used the cloning way to reproduce or mainly
to create their creature. Whereas, Victor used the
transplanting way to revive or actually to create his
creature. Comparatively, Enki had his creature
successfully permanent while Victor had it temporary
due to some shortcomings in the creation, Enki with
the help of the experts and Nurse Ninmah had
beforehand attempted many failed experiments with
poorly bad results like having some handicaps or complete failure. Whereas, it was the first
experiment for Victor Frankenstein regardless of its calamitous aftermath.
Above all, both the ways (Enki’s and Victor’s) have been proven scientifically true to some
extents. With reference to the creation of Enki in the legendary story of Anunnaki, in modern
sciences, cloning experiments between animals and even human beings are on process and
most of them have practically reached the degrees of success. Dolly (1996 – 2003) is a very
good example concerning the modern science experiment in Biology and Medicine. Verily,
Dolly is the name of a sheep that has been the first mammal to be cloned by a group of
scientists in Scotland. The following figure is to show the steps for making Dolly the sheep:
The incidental news of the cloned sheep was first published as a short report in a scientific
journal called Nature, Volume 385, 1997, pages 810-812. The story does not stop at this point
and it will not stop at any empirical point in future. Actually, many other experimental

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attempts have been made since that time, and in the cases of cows, sheep, goats, mice, pigs,
cats, and rabbits; there are a lot of successes and developments from time to another.
Moreover, Nik Brown in his Breakthrough Motif comments:
Empirically, my argument is comparatively situated in two disclosure cases, Dolly the
cloned ewe and Astrid the hybrid pig. When the Roslin Institute announced that they
had produced a mammalian clone, they had no anticipation of the furore that would
follow in Dolly’s wake. The central problem was that Dolly came to represent a
whole different universe of futures to the one that Roslin’s researchers had in mind for
her. As everyone knows too well, the controversy lies in the seemingly sudden
capacity to create endlessly repetitious duplicates of otherwise distinctive beings.
(Brown 89)
Of sure, science has no end and been in progress without even pause, so in accordance with
the creative thinking of cloning since ancient times, the story of human creation according to
the Anunnaki mythology had scientifically preceded the modern science in such a field in
particular. What is more, it is still an obsessional revelation for future medical and biological
developments in the sense of human beings.
Additionally, Victor Frankenstein and his creation have been for decades being attempted in
medicine particularly in anatomical transplanting studies. Modern medicine sciences have
been performing the operations of organ transplantations from person to another for decades.
For example, nowadays it is something believable as it is practically successful to transplant a

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kidney or a part of liver from a donor into another person as per the medical necessity to
rescue the second party from death or maybe to make him live healthier life.
A good example for the first successful
experiment in organ transplantation is the case
of the two twin brothers (1954) that is
considered an integral part of surgical history.
The names of the twin brothers are Richard and
Ronald. When Richard was about to die of
chronic nephritis, his brother, Ronald was very
careful to save his brother’s life. Thus, he had
donated a kidney of his to Richard. The
transplant operation taken about six hours kept Richard alive for eight more years. Actually,
such a donation of Ronald to Richard was the first procedure of successful transplantations,
and by the way, Ronald did not only save his twin brother’s life but scientifically save the
lives of millions of people all over the world as well. Fortunately, the transplantation is
incredibly successful due to various reasons, amongst them: immune problems (Lyn Shelley
1).
What is more, European Commission (2003) in the article titled “Human Organ
Transplantation in Europe: An Overview” states:

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Today it is a common procedure used in medicine throughout the European Union.
Transplantation not only provides the possibility of saving lives but also yields the
best results in terms of quality of life for patients and the reduction of long-term
health care costs. Transplantation in general has higher measurable quality indicators
than other replacement therapies such as dialysis. (3)
Therefore, even though the first organ transplantation had been performed successfully in
1954, Frankenstein had fictionally advanced the idea of the operation and performed it on his
own way not merely to save a person’s life but further to revive or rather to create a new
creature (man-like species) via transplanting attempt in 1818. The sense, factually, was there,
however with advance technology what was in the past times theoretical or fictional, now can
be put into practice with highly advanced techniques to be real.
Anyhow, notwithstanding there were some contrastive subject-matters in the way Enki and
Victor had created their targeted species, the motifs, themes, thought and notion had been
leveled inspirational in comparison with the modern achievements of technology. Moreover,
in future sciences, things will be far better in medicine in terms of resuscitation and
transplantation with all body organs on the one hand. On the other, the technological
developments like the creation of robots and many other things related to artificial
intelligence are of the concern.
On the other sphere, the reactions of the created against their creators for the blemishes or
demerits left on them as results of the creators’ lacks of enough knowledge or neglect and
carelessness may be fatal for both, the created and their creators. The deficiencies or flaws

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can be in the constructional appearance, in the inner core capacity or capability, and in the
life-death affairs. These three selected phenomenal types of subject-matters are simply
exposed to the mythical story of Enki with Adamu and Tiamat as well as in the science
fiction novel of Victor with the monster or the unnamed creature. Similarly, in real world
even today, scientists create but sometimes they have to spend a couple of years fighting
against the negative consequences of their creations with huge losses in lives, objects and
finances.
Anyway, logically as per the common postulate of success entertained, Enki and his team had
had their experiments successful at the end nonetheless they worked harder to reproduce
more and more types of the same creation. What is more, they created a female spouse
(Tiamat) and enabled her to regenerate naturally as long as the male spouse (Adamu) was
there. However, in the case of Victor and his colleagues (who used to stop him every now
and then), the experimental attempt had flopped off. Thus, they dared not to attempt any more
– even by force Victor worked on the female spouse of the monster but as per his hate for his
first creation and its anticipated offspring, he tore it into pieces before inhaling for the first
breath.
In Anunnaki’s story, although the humankinds had been working for their gods (Anunnaki
gods) for years as per the purpose of their existence, every year the ceiling of humankinds’
requirements had been increasing higher and higher. That is, the noises and disturbances
erupted out of the control of the gods. Enlil, brother of Enki, had been so much disturbed and

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resented with the humankinds’ updates – their disobedience and various problems grow every
now and then. Enlil proclaimed:
[…] the country became too wide, the people too numerous. The country was as noisy
as a bellowing bull. The God grew restless at their racket, Ellil had to listen to their
noise. He addressed the great gods, 'The noise of mankind has become too much, I am
losing sleep over their racket. (Dalley18)
As a result, Enlil made the final decision and decreed, initially revealing plagues, but of no
avail. The chaos and problematic challenges of the humankinds reached the limit of testing
Enlil’s patience. Thus, he commanded to flood out the earth as at large to get rid of them all
except some select species and animals to be rescued on a great boat built. It is copied:
Anzu was tearing at the sky with his talons,
[…] the land,
He broke […]
[…] the Flood [came out (?)].
The kasiisu-weapon went against the people like an army.
No one could see anyone else,
They could not be recognized in the catastrophe.
The Flood roared like a bull,
Like a wild ass screaming the winds [howled]
The darkness was total, there was no sun.
[…] like white sheep.

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[…] of the Flood. (31)
Obviously, the Great Flood is referred to at this event in spite the fact that it is considered
mythological, in modern sciences it is geologically proved true that there was a Great Flood
on Earth thousands of years back. Additionally, from the apocalyptical standpoint, a flood or
flood-like destruction may take place on Earth once again but perhaps by different means of
cause-maybe of humankind’s creations.
Frankenstein, on the other sphere of comparison, had the thematic event in this regard to
some extent been similar to that of Anunnaki. After Victor had watched the ugliness of his
creation, he ran away in scare. The creature, that was unnamed by its creator, was not
accepted by its creator rather than to be accepted by people all around. Wherever, he tried to
go, people got afraid of him and either fled or shot him. When he accidentally saw his image
in water, he realized why the people hated even to see his face rather than to live with him.
His behaviors and thoughts toward people had been changed immediately. He understood
that he was and would be outcast and rejected under any circumstances.
When he met Victor, he requested him to create a mate for him to live together less
miserably. Unfortunately, Victor agreed and changed his opinion as not to let such a kind of
species proliferating. Victor after tearing out what he had started working on, he ordered the
monster to go away from before his face: “Begone! I do break my promise; never will I
create another like yourself, equal in deformity and wickedness,” (H. Guston et al. 141).
Thus, the monster had to react against them aggressively – chasing and killing them
whenever he could. He had had revenge upon Victor and his creator’s family even though

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Victor was the first person responsible for his bad appearance that made him forsakenly
castaway and rejected in the social surrounding. He had killed even the spouse of Victor on
their wedding night as to fulfill his threat to Victor: “I will be with you on your Wedding-
night,” (142). Unfortunately, the monster committed murder crimes on the family of
Frankenstein with no compassion for them or fear from his creator.
Therefore, Victor Frankenstein decided to sacrifice his life for chasing the monster he created
even to the gate of hell to dispose of it once and forever. He had been chasing the monster for
weeks together, till approaching the north pole of the earth and passed away forlornly and
despairingly over there. Actually, the death of the creator means the death of human beings as
a whole because in macrocosm the SF novel referred to Frankenstein and being titled with
his name to finalize that man might be destroyed to the last one with their creations such as
medical errors, biological diseases, atom weapons and so on.
Regarding of the condition of the monster, he had immediately submitted voluntarily –
feeling the guilt and taking mercy on his creator’s situation - to commit a suicide, hiding out
in the snow everlasting. The monster ironically commented on the situation:
Farewell, Frankenstein! If thou wert yet alive, and yet cherished a desire of revenge
against me, it would be better satiated in my life than in my destruction…
[…] I shall die, and what I now feel be no longer felt. Soon these burning miseries
will be extinct. I shall ascend my funeral pile triumphantly, and exult in the agony of
the torturing flames… (187)

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As matter of truth, with respect to man and their creations, as soon as humankinds have been
destroyed, logically all robots and anything related to artificial intelligence as well as the
massive weapons will be no more effective and have no more use. In other words, no purpose
and no existence will be for any human-made weapons and technological means after human
devastation.
On the other hand, the thematic expression that at the end the character of the monster had
changed to show the inner kindness toward its creator and all humankinds, it was but to
declare that what made him wild was the misconduct and the rancor of the people against him
in addition to his ugly appearance. That is to say, humans may commit a sin from which even
the sin itself may metaphorically feel pity upon them from its evil reaction. In the following
passages, one can see the illustrations of the case with real examples from the current world
situation of the 21st century. Humans may make problem and struggle to get it solved but
with tremendous sacrifices.
Therefore, the thematic comparative prospect here is to exemplify how both the studied
works have been ended up at the crux of the matter of the current and maybe future world
statuses and circumstances. Definitely, the scientific achievements of the modern sciences
due to the rapid advancements and developments of sciences and technologies have been
already mentioned earlier in accordance with the equivalences of the themes of the SF novel
of Frankenstein and the legendary story of Anunnaki – exemplified with Dolly (the sheep),
and Ronald and Richard (the twin brothers).

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Even though the effects or the aftermaths (if maybe) of medical or scientific errors are
explained in the conclusive incidents of both present stories in mythological and fictional
manners, here is a real example to portray how the shortage of information and knowledge
about expected or hypothesized consequences of any creation or invention in scientific
experiments may result. According to Kheloufi and Djaida (2017) in their dissertation
entitled Science Fiction And Futurism In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein 2:
Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, in which a human body is assembled from the
transplanted body parts of the recently dead, can be regarded as the first novel to
feature transplantation, although the novel predates the term. Creating a monster do
not turn out well for Victor Frankenstein in Shelley’s novel, but that didn’t stop us
from building the atom bomb. We continue to pursue research in fields like genetic
engineering, cloning, organ transplantation, and lately head transplantation, regardless
of doomsday predictions surrounding these fields of research. (Kheoufi and Djaida 3)
Evidently, Anunnaki and Frankenstein had already carried various issues available in the
modern time-period in ancient periods – interpreting the disasters of sciences when being
practiced with little knowledge and its catastrophic consequences. Nowadays the critical
plague that shocks the world, Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) that can be considered a
holocaust is a live example that have been destroying the lives of thousands of people
throughout the world. Actually, even the Virus Lab members were deadly affected by such
2 Under the supervision of Mr. Bachir Sahed at University of Mohamed Boudiaf - M’sila,

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unforgiveable epidemic plague that initially identified by Wuhan Lab virologists in China in
2019 and has invaded the entire world. It is reported:
The first human cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus
causing COVID-19, subsequently named SARS-CoV-2 were first reported by
officials in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. Retrospective investigations by
Chinese authorities have identified human cases with onset of symptoms in early
December 2019. (National Authorities 2)
Therefore, unfortunately, the statistics of the deaths according to Statista’3s report become
about five million people who died after contracting the respiratory virus, Covid-19 (Elfein).
Although the result is horrible, it is still tentative and it is neither total nor final. Moreover, it
is discovered that coronavirus disease may teem various other types of diseases. Thus,
regardless that Frankenstein and Anunnaki are fictional and mythical kinds of genres they
have foretold the people that such fatal consequences may devastate the world one day due to
certain acts in science and technology.
3
Global No. 1 Business Data Platform for insights and facts across 170 industries and 150+ countries all over the world.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1093256/novel-coronavirus-2019ncov-deaths-worldwide-by-country/

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Chapter-III
1. Conclusion:
The research study has come out with the conclusive inference that both Shelley’s SF novel,
Frankenstein (1818) and the Sumer’s legendary story of Anunnaki have been in diverse
parameters implying certain issues alike and further having amazing reflections with respect
to futuristic imaginations. Hence, it can be possible now to say that pandemics, natural
disasters atom, nuclear, biological, chemical weapons, robots and things related to Artificial
Intelligence are all by the way of the thematic concerns of apocalyptical holocausts of the
selected works. Certainly, the contents have even set further in a popular way to set forth the
validity and worth of some legendary stories and science fiction novels. Thence, it can be
said that technology and futurology can be to great levels advanced in scientific literature and
legendary stories, and what can be mythical can probably be futuristic reality with slight
changes in the basic rationales and principles. In short, as long as the legendary story of
Anunnaki and the science fiction novel of Frankenstein have been flowing with scientific
miracles and predictions such as revival and creation, do think not that future scientific
studies with more advanced technological means, tools and supplies are not going to study
practically on immortalization, revival and living being creation.

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2. Scope for Further Studies:
Anunnaki in comparison with a science fiction novel in terms of space travels and
holocaust.
Research scope in the science fiction with reference to modern science, suggesting: Jules
Verne’s (1865) From the Earth to the Moon, George Orwell’s (1949) 1984, and George
Lucas’s legendary (1977) Star Wars.
A Comparative Study, some other science fiction novels with reference to futuristic
apocalypses.

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3. Works Cited:
Anandrao Navle, Balaji. “Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: A Treatise of Science” Journal of
Scientific Temper, Vol. 7, 3 - 4 July – December 2019.
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/54110
Black, John. “The origins of human beings according to ancient Sumerian texts.” Ancient-
origins.net. Stella Novus, 30 January 2013. Web. 31 August 2015.
http://www.ancient-origins.net/human-origins-folklore/origins-human-beings-
according-ancientsumerian-texts-0065#ixzz3kPckximN
“Cloning Ewe.” Arizona State University – Ask Biology, 5 June 2012.
https://askabiologist.asu.edu/content/story-dolly
Dalley, Stephabae, translator. Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood Gilgamesh
and Others, Oxford UP., 2009, p. 15. https://www.amazon.com/Myths-
Mesopotamia-Creation-Gilgamesh-Classics/dp/0199538360
Elfein, John. “Number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) deaths worldwide as of
November 3, 2021, by country.” Statista, 18 October 2021.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1093256/novel-coronavirus-2019ncov-deaths-
worldwide-by-country/

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Graham, Eliane. “Science, Myth, and Being Human: Re-member Mary Shelley’s
Frankenstein.” Manchester UP., 2020.
https://www.scribd.com/document/535900379/PDF-Science-Myth-and-Being-
Human-Re-membering-Mary-Shelley-s-Frankenstein
H. Guston, David et al., editors. The Modern Prometheus (Frankenstein): Annotated for
Scientists, Engineers and Creators of All Kinds. The MIT P., 2017, p. 1.
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/24cb1da5-a512-4de1-b24c-
639b6452dbec/628778.pdf
Holmes, Richard. “Science Fiction: The Science That Fed Frankenstein.” Nature News,
Nature Publishing Group, 27 July 2016. https://www.nature.com/articles/535490a
Ellison, Jack. Case Studies in the Emergence of Civilization. National Science
Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1964.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED179448.pdf
Jacobsen, Thorkild. The Sumerian Kings List. Edited by John Albert Wilson and Thomas
George Allen, The U Chicago P., 1973.
https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/as/11-sumerian-king-list
Kheloufi and Djaidja. Science Fiction And Futurism In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein.
Supervised by Bachir Sahed, University of Mohamed Boudiaf - Masila,

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Researchgate-Thesis, 2017, p. 3.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342419188
Lyn Shelley, Jeana. “History of Organ Transplantation.” OMS II Des Moines UP., 2
December 2010, p.1. https://docplayer.net/67956680-History-of-organ-
transplantation-jeana-lyn-shelley-oms-ii-des-moines-university-december-2-
2010.htm
Madrahimove, Zohid. From The Mysterious History of The Sumers. Academicia Globe:
Inderscience Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1, January 2021, ISSN: 2776-1010.
https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/343708-from-the-mysterious-history-
of-the-sumar-9fff942f.pdf
Mitra, Zinia. “A Science Fiction in A Gothic Scaffold: A Reading of Mary Shelly’s
Frankenstein” Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, Vol.
3, No. 1, 2011. http://rupkatha.com/V3/n1/06Reading-Mary-Shelley-
Frankenstein.pdf
National Authorities. “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).” Received by WHO,
Report – 94, 23 April 2020, p. 2. https://www.who.int/docs/default-
source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200423-sitrep-94-covid-19.pdf
Shah, Bipin. “The Legend of Annu-Nagi, Myhtology and History of Naga People and
Last Queen Gaidinliu of Naga People of India.” State University of New York

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College at Buffalo, April 2017, Researchgate, 12 February 2020.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339213784_The_legend_of_Annu-
Nagi_Mythology_and_History_of_Naga_People_and_last_Queen_Gaidinliu_of_
Naga_People_of_India
Sichin, Zecharia. The Lost Book of Enki: Memoirs and Prophecies of an Extraterrestrial
God. Bear & Co. P., 2002, t. 13th, p. 312, https://www.amazon.com/Lost-Book-
Enki-Prophecies-Extraterrestrial-ebook/dp/B004P1JEUW
Tellinger, Michael. Slave Species of the Gods: The Secret History of the Anunnaki and
Their Mission on Earth. Bear & Co. P., 2012, p. 367.
https://www.amazon.com/Slave-Species-Gods-History-Anunnaki/dp/1591431514
Vargish, Thomas. “Technology and Impotence in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein.” WLA
Journal, 2 January 2021. https://www.wlajournal.com/wlaarchive/21_1-
2/vargish.pdf


Frankenstein and Annunaki On Touchstone of Futuristic Apocalypses

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IMPACT FACTOR – 5.

Frankenstein and Anunnaki on Touchstone of

Dr. Mubarak Ali Ahmed Alhamadi Alyadoumi

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

I, Dr. Mubarak Ali Ahmed Alhamadi Alyadoumi (university professor of English

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

VI. Table of Contents

2. Statement of the Problem

3. Aim and Objectives

4. Scope and Limitations

6. Need and Significance

2. Scope for Further Studies

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

warned via their direct thematic observations.

precedencies and futuristic apocalypses, and action and aftermath.

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

apocalyptically reveal certain signals of futuristic events and changes.

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

2. Statement of the Problem:

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

and having astonishing parallelism with the legendary story of Anunnaki.

3. Aim and Objectives of the Study:

(mythology, science fiction and modern sciences) to solve/prove the

hypothesized problem based on significant similarities in Frankenstein and

Anunnaki to signify further their implications upon the revelation of

ii. Specific Objectives:

a. To investigate the scientific precedencies of both Frankenstein and Anunnaki.

b. To interpret the scientific precedencies of both Frankenstein and Anunnaki.

c. To compare between Frankenstein and Anunnaki based on the results of

d. To demonstrate the corresponding references to modern science and

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4. Scope and Limitations:

mentioned in correspondence will be implied in apocalyptical matters so as to explain

as future-predicted developments at both science and events.

in the mainstream of comparative literature in core. That is to say, it is theoretically oriented

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

Frankenstein and Anunnaki on Touchstone of Futuristic Apocalypses: A Comparative Study

precise determinations of subjects explored to be scrutinized with supporting ideas from

primary and secondary sources.

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

Frankenstein and Anunnaki, the researcher refers to futuristic elements of apocalypses

with some major events in the select stories as well.

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process with the total results of the entire research study.

i. In-text citation, paraphrase and long quotation

ii. Works Cited

iii. Page layout (margins and size)

iv. Pagination and researcher’s surname

v. Font size and type

vi. Line and paragraph spacing

vii. Left alignment of text

Vol. 8 Issue 2 November, 2021

6. Need and Significance of the Study:

references to the real world situations and advancements.

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talents to think critically, attempt severally and live happily.

the ‘Literature Review of the Study’.

i. Previous Studies on Frankenstein:

outcasts and rejected people to pretend humanity and science as such.

Thomas Vargish in Technology and Impotence in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein discusses