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ectoderm give rise to CNS beginning with neural tube.

cephalic region of neural tube give the brain while the caudal the spinal cord.

primary and secondary brain vesicles

brain vesicles: dilations that develops when neural tube formation is complete.

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 hindbrain continues with spinal cord.

flexures (curves and bends) in primary:

1. cephalic flexure: between the midbrain and hindbrain.

2. cervical flexure: between hindbrain and spinal cord.

flexures in secondary:

1. rhombencephalic isthmus: between mesencephalon and metencephalon.

2. the pontine flexure: between metencephalon and myelencephalon.

Brain ventricles

spinal cord

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 neural tube

the neural tube is lined by neuroepithelial cells creating the neuroepithelial layer.

the neuroepithelial cells differ into

1. neuroblasts (primitive nerve cells): which will differ into neurons.

2. glialblasts: which will differ into glial cells.

mantle layer (containing neuroblasts) has two plates. alar will differ to sensory
neurons. basal to motor.

intermediate horn is found in thoracic and upper lumbar regions. and contains
sympathetic neurons.

Differentiation of nerve cells

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 1. neuroblast has a cell body and a process. and then the process disappears and
give us the apolar neuroblast.

2. then develops 2 processes giving us the bipolar.

3. develops multiple processes at one site (dendrites).

Ectoderm (neural tube)

1. neuroepithelial

a. neuroblasts

b. glialblasts

i. astrocytes

1. protoplasmic

2. fibrillar

ii. oligodendrocytes

2. ependymal cells

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 Mesoderm (mesenchymal cells)

1. microglia: which migrate from blood vessels in brain to the spinal cord.

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