University of Petra

Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Department of Chemistry

Dar Al Dawa Development & Investment Co

Case study

By: Jumana Muath Elayyan & Lubna Waleed Rayyan

Registration No: 201810914 & 201820395

Supervised by: Dr. Hadeel Senjalawi

2021-2022

Summer Semester
1
 No. Title Page
No.

2
 List of Figures 4
1. Introduction 6
2. Drugs Laboratory 7

3. The Drug Nomenclature 7

4. Devices Used 9
4.1 Balance 9

4.2 PH Meter 11
4.2.1 Device Design 12
4.3 Hettich Benchtop Centrifuge ROTOFIX 32 A 12
4.3.1 How to Use ROTOFIX 32 A 13

4.4 PTWS 1420 Dissolution Tester 15

4.5 Ultrasonic Bath “Sonicator” 16

4.6 High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC 17

4.6.1 Parts of HPLC 19

4.7 UV -Visible Spectrophotometer 20
5. Famodar Tablet 23
5.1 Mobile Phase 24
5.2 Standard Solution 25
5.3 Content Uniformity Analysis of Tablets: 25

6. Pamol Extra Tablet 26

6.1 HPLC Method Analysis for Pamol Extra 28

6.1.1 Mobile phase 28

6.1.2 Caffeine Standard Preparation: 29
3
 6.1.3 Paracetamol Standard Preparation: 29

6.1.4 Paracetamol Standard Preparation 29

6.2 Assay Method Analysis of Tablets 29

7. Diapride Tablets 30
7.1 HPLC Method analysis for Diapride 31
7.1.1 Mobile Phase 31
7.1.2 Buffer Preparation 32
7.1.3 Diluent 32
7.1.4 Standard Preparation 32
7.1.5 Assay Method Analysis of Tablets: 33
8. Vitadad D3 Capsules 33
8.1 HPLC Method Analysis of Vitadad D3 34
8.1.1 Buffer Preparation 34
8.1.2 0.05 M Sodium Phosphate Buffer 35
8.1.3 Mobile Phase 35
8.2 Dissolution Medium Preparation 35
8.3 Standard Preparation 36
8.4 Sample Preparation 36
References 37

List of Figure:
4
Figure Title Page
No. No.

5
 1 Logo of Dar Al Dawa Development & Investment Co 6
2 Explanation of The Drug's Label 8
3 Quality control laboratory 9
3 Balance Device 10

4 PH Meter 11

5 Hettich Benchtop Centrifuge 13

7 The Inner Part of Hettich Benchtop Centrifuge ROTOFIX 32 A 14

8 PTWS 1420 Dissolution Tester 15

9 Ultrasonic Bath 17
10 High Performance Liquid 18
11 The Part of HPLC 19
12 UV -Visible 21
13 Regions of Electromagnetic 22
14 The Part of UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Device 22

15 Simple Picture of Famodar 23

16 Famodar Structure 24
17 HPLC Determination of Famotidine 26
18 Simple Picture of Pamol Extra 27
19 Chemical Structure of Paracetamol 27
20 Chemical Structure of Caffeine 28
21 Simple Picture of Diapride Tablets 30
22 Chemical Structure of Glimepiride 31
23 Simple Picture of Vitadad D3 33
24 Chemical Structure of Cholecalciferol 34
6
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 Dar Al Dawa Development & Investment Co

Figure (1) : Logo of Dar Al Dawa Development & Investment Co

1. Introduction

Dar Al Dawa is a MENA-wide leader in Pharmaceutical and consumer health products. With a

history of more than 40 years. As a fully integrated Pharmaceutical company, we have a long

established customer-centered approach to developing, producing, marketing and

commercializing high-quality affordable medicines and wellness consumer products in emerging

markets, with more than 900 people serving patients in more than 40 countries throughout

Middle East, North Africa and Europe. Dar Al Dawa possesses a high-performance business

drive combining unparalleled experience, comprehensive capabilities across all management,

development, production, technology, marketing and commercial teams and business functions.

According to Jordan’s Drug owners association, Dar Al Dawa is ranked first in 2013 considering

the number of new drug registration submissions. The company generated gross revenues of
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US$60 million for the fiscal year ended Dec 31, 2012, an increase of 5.6% versus 2011 results.

We are focused on four core therapy areas – anti-infectives, respiratory, musculoskeletal and

increasingly on CNS and CVS– where we can apply our expertise and resources more effectively

by taking advantage of the knowledge of our integrated teams. Our goal is to develop and

commercialize our compounds and those of our collaboration partners in selected markets where

a company of our size can compete successfully for targeted disease states.(1)

2. Drugs Laboratory

A Drug is defined by us law as any substance (other than food or equipment) intended for

use in the Diagnosis, Hospitalization, Analgesia, Treatment, or prevention of disease, or

intended to affect the structure or function of the Body. In Body function, not Disease).

This comprehensive definition of a Drug, while important for legal purposes, is complex

and not for everyday use. Therefore, there is a simpler - but practical - definition of a

Drug, which is any Chemical or Biological substance that affects the body and its

processes.

3. The Drug Nomenclature

The Generic Name: is the Active Substance in the drug, and it is the substance with which

the drug is registered and approved by international organizations such as the US Food and
9
 Drug Administration, the European Medicines agency, and others. Pharmaceutical

companies use this active substance to manufacture their Pharmaceutical Preparations.

Trade Name: It is the name given by a company that manufactured the Drug, and it is

represented in the name of the company.

Figure (2): Explanation of The Drug's Label

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 4. Devices Used

Figure (3): Quality control laboratory

4.1 Balance

A Laboratory Balance is a sensitive instrument used to measure the Mass of small quantities of

materials with high accuracy up to the fourth decimal place. Laboratory scales are necessary in the

Volumetric analysis process and are used to measure the Mass of the Drug Tablet, where a certain

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number of pills of the same type are crushed and a specific and accurate weight is taken to

complete the remaining, we can change the Unit.

Figure (4): Balance Device

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4.2 PH Meter

A simple and Speedy device to measure the Acidity and Alkalinity of a fluid. A PH meter acts as a

Voltmeter that measures the Electrical Potential difference between a PH Electrode and a reference

Electrode and displays the result in terms of the PH value of the solution in which they are

immersed.

The pH meter was invented in 1934 by the American chemist Arnold O. Beckman (1900-2004) to

measure the sourness of lemons. Beckman's Original device was housed in a walnut box 12 inches

wide, 8 inches deep and 9 inches high. It measured Electrical current flowing into a Glass

Electrode immersed in a solution. The amount of current indicated the solution's acidity.

Figure (5): PH Meter

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They comprise a simple electronic amplifier and a pair of Electrodes, or Alternatively a

combination Electrode, and some form of display calibrated in PH units. It usually has a Glass

Electrode and a reference Electrode, or a combination Electrode. The Electrodes, or Probes, are

inserted into the solution to be tested.

4.2.1 Device Design

The design of the electrodes is the key part: These are Rod-Like structures usually made of glass,

with a bulb containing the sensor at the bottom. The Glass Electrode for measuring the pH has a

Glass bulb specifically designed to be selective to Hydrogen-Ion concentration. On immersion in

the solution to be tested, Hydrogen ions in the test solution exchange for other Positively charged

ions on the Glass bulb, creating an Electrochemical potential across the bulb. The electronic

amplifier detects the difference in electrical potential between the two electrodes generated in the

measurement and converts the potential difference to PH units. The Magnitude of the

electrochemical potential across the glass bulb is linearly related to the pH according to the Nernst

equation.

4.3 Hettich Benchtop Centrifuge ROTOFIX 32 A

It’s an Indispensable in Lab, non-refrigerated, general-purpose benchtop centrifuge at a Great

Value. The Multi-functional and User-friendly centrifuge over-performs on everyday tasks and

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delivers consistent results. Ideal for all standard tubes up to 100 ml and specialty Tubes such as

Cytology Clips, Funnels and Chrome Bath Tubes.

Figure (6): Hettich Benchtop Centrifuge

ROTOFIX 32 A

It can spin samples up to a Volume of 4 x 94 ml at a Maximum RCF of 4.226. Its reliable

performance and the comprehensive range of accessories with various swing-out and angle rotors

have helped to make this robust and durable benchtop centrifuge an indispensable tool in the Lab,

with an excellent performance-to-price Ratio. The high-quality design and construction of the

centrifuge helps to make Lab procedures safer and less demanding; it contains Centrifugation

chamber of rust-free stainless steel.(2)

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4.3.1 How to Use ROTOFIX 32 A

1. The practical film keyboard enables parameters to be entered precisely, quickly, and simply

through the keys

2. The status of all parameters is displayed during centrifugation.

3. The speed is entered in increments of 100 and the centrifugation time is selected in minutes

(up to 99); the centrifuge can also be set to run continuously

4. Pulse key for short centrifugation runs

5. The RCF is displayed for as long as the RCF button is pressed. The rotor radius must be

entered prior to this

6. The lid of the centrifuge can be comfortably and reliably closed using the ergonomic

closure(2)

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Figure (7): The Inner Part of Hettich Benchtop Centrifuge ROTOFIX 32 A

4.4 PTWS 1420 Dissolution Tester

PTWS 1420 Dissolution Tester is the first tablet dissolution testing instrument from Pharma test

featuring 14 full size stirred vessel positions. The vessels are arranged in a two times 6+1

configuration. This way not only your samples but also the Standard or Reference Media will be

heated and stirred by the instrument. In addition, PTWS 1420 features two additional heated full-

size vessels to store the replacement Media for Systems including an auto, Sampler. This way also

the replacement Media, which is filled into the vessels after Sampling, always has the same

Temperature as the Test Media – Eliminating any influence on the Dissolution Test due to the

refilling of Cold Media. The 14+2 vessel design of PTWS 1420 makes this instrument an excellent

choice for Biowaiver Applications and offline automated systems

Figure (8): PTWS 1420 Dissolution Tester

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The upper drive is motorized and electronically controlled it offers Eight programmable positions:

an upper cleaning and instrument qualification position and lower working positions are

programmable depending on the type of Stirring Tool used. The upper position offers ideal access

to the stirring Tools and Vessels for a change of tools and cleaning steps between the Dissolution

tests. The motorized drive head lifting mechanism is positioned in a way so that the tool shafts are

always kept parallel and at a 90° Angle to the vessel walls when in the working position.

Dissolution Method Vessels are usually either partially immersed in a Water Bath solution or

heated by a jacket. A device is used on the intravascular solution for a predetermined period

which depends on the method of Drug being examined. The intravascular melting medium is

heated to 37 °C with an acceptable difference of ±0.5 °C (3).

4.5 Ultrasonic Bath “Sonicator”

P Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner, Versatile with dual Frequency and Variable Power

1. It has an extremely Powerful blending and Cleaning Formula

2. It has Fully adjustable Power - 7 Levels from 30% - 100%

3. 4 Modes: Cleaning, Dissolving, Degassing, intense Mixing Cleaning

4. Dual Frequency- 37 kHz Standard, 80 kHz delicate

(4)
5. Convenient digital display of all Parameters

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 Figure ( 9 ) Ultrasonic Bath

The El masonic Ultrasonic Cleaner is considerably more Powerful than conventional Ultrasonic

units. If full Power is too strong, the Power is variable from 30-100% in 10% increments.

Temperature is adjustable from 30°C to 80°C; the Timer can be set from 1-60 minutes or for

continuous operation. The unit turns off Automatically after 12 hours of continuous operation for

safety. All models have a rear drain with a convenient side valve.(4)

4.6 High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC

HPLC is an abbreviation for High Performance Liquid Chromatography. "Chromatography" is a

Technique for Separation, "Chromatogram" is the result of Chromatography, and

"Chromatograph" is the instrument used to conduct Chromatography.(5)

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 1. Liquid Chromatography (LC) is a Separation technique used in many different areas to aid

the identification and quantification of substances in various matrices.LC techniques with

various detection modes have been widely used for the sensitive and selective

determination of trace amounts of Pharmaceutical Active Compounds in Biological

samples and their dosage forms. A completely new system design with advanced

Technology has been developed, called Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,

which has evolved from High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The application of LC

Methods to Drug analysis introduces a Powerful tool for therapeutic Drug monitoring as

well as for clinical research (6).

2. Stationary Phase: The substance on which Adsorption of analyte (the substance to be

Separated during Chromatography) takes place, it can be Solid, Gel, or Solid Liquid

combination (7) .

3. Mobile Phase: solvent which carries that analyte (Liquid or Gas)

Figure (10): High Performance Liquid

Chromatography HPLC
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4.6.1 Parts of HPLC

1. Mobile Phase (Solvent Reservoir)

2. Degasser

3. Pump (Solvent Delivery System)

4. Injector

5. Column

6. Detector

7. Recoder

Figure (11): The Part of HPLC

21
The Pump delivers the Mobile Phase at a controlled flow rate. Air can easily dissolve in the

Mobile Phase under the standard Atmospheric Pressure in which we live in. If the Mobile Phase

contains air Bubbles and enters the delivery Pump, troubles such as flow rate fluctuations and

baseline noise, drift may occur. The degassing Unit helps prevent this issue by removing air

Bubbles in the Mobile Phase. After the dissolved air has been removed, the Mobile Phase is

delivered to the Column. The sample injector then introduces a standard solution or sample

solution into the Mobile Phase. Temperature fluctuations can affect the Separation of compounds

in the Column. The Column is placed in a Column oven to keep the Temperature constant.

Compounds eluted from the column are detected by a detector which is placed downstream of the

Column. A workstation processes the signal from the detector to obtain a Chromatogram to

identify and quantify the compounds. (8)

4.7 UV -Visible Spectrophotometer

UV-Visible Spectrophotometry is one of the most frequently Employed technique in

Pharmaceutical Analysis. It involves measuring the amount of Ultraviolet or Visible Radiation

Absorbed by a substance in solution. Instrument which measures the ratio, or function of ratio, of

the intensity of two beams of Light in the UV-Visible region are called Ultraviolet-Visible

Spectrophotometer (9) .

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 Figure (12): UV -Visible

Spectrophotometer Device

In Qualitative analysis, Organic Compounds can be identified by use of Spectrophotometer, if any

recorded data is available, and quantitative Spectrophotometric analysis is used to ascertain the

quantity of molecular species Absorbing the radiation. Spectrophotometric technique is simple,

rapid, moderately specific, and applicable to small quantities of compounds. The fundamental law

that governs the quantitative Spectrophotometric Analysis is the Beer -Lambert Law (10) .

1. Beer’s Law: It states that the intensity of a beam of Parallel Monochromatic Radiation

decreases exponentially with the number of Absorbing molecules. In other words,

Absorbance is proportional to the concentration.

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 2. Lambert’s Law: It states that the intensity of a beam of Parallel Monochromatic radiation

decreases exponentially as it passes through a Medium of Homogeneous Thickness

3. Beer-Lambert Law: When beam of light is passed through a transparent cell containing a

solution of unabsorbing substance, reduction of the intensity of light may occur.

Figure (13): Regions of Electromagnetic

Spectrum.

Figure (14): The Part of UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Device

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5. Famodar Tablet

Famotidine is used as an antacid because it blocks histamine from binding to the H 2 receptors on

the surface of the stomach's acid-producing cells, which lowers the amount of gastric acid

produced (hydrochloric acid).

Famotidine is also used to treat Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a condition marked by an increase

in gastrin secretion, which in turn produces an increase in acid secretion and, ultimately, ulcers .
(11)

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 Figure(15 ) : Simple Picture of Famodar

Figure (16): Famodar Structure

5.1 Mobile Phase:

The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 84 % ammonium acetate buffer (pH 2.9) and 16%

acetonitrile. The buffer was prepared by mixing 95% acetic acid solution (0.5%) and 5%

ammonium acetate solution (0.2%) The mobile phase was degassed by passing it through a 0.45

mm membrane filter and pumped at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The effluent was monitored at a

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wavelength of 254 nm. The range was set at 0.01 AUFS. The chart speed was 1 mm/min. The

column was maintained at ambient room temperature(9)

5.2 Standard Solution:

Stock standard solutions of famotidine (2 mg/ml) and salicylic acid (0.3 mg/ml) were prepared in

methanol. Working standard solution of famotidine (100 mg/ml) and salicylic acid (300 mg/ml)

were used. Four standard solutions of famotidine 1, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 (mg/ml) were prepared by

mixing 5, 12.5, 25, and 50 ml, respectively of the working standard solution of famotidine and

50 ml of the working standard solution of salicylic acid in a microcentrifuge tube the mixture

was diluted to 500 ml with methanol and vortexed for 30 seconds. The solutions remained stable

for more than 2 weeks at room temperature.

5.3 Content Uniformity Analysis of Tablets:

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Six tablets of famotidine (40 mg, Pepcidin R, batch number 35200 M, Merck Sharp and Dohme,

Haarlem, Netherlands) were separately weighed. Each tablet was transferred to a 100 ml glass-

stoppered volumetric flask having 50 ml of dimethylformamide and sonicated at room

temperature. To the suspension sufficient dimethylformamide was added to produce 100 ml.

After filtration, an aliquot was withdrawn and treated as outlined under test solutions before

injection onto the column.

Figure (17) : HPLC Determination of Famotidine

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 6. Pamol Extra Tablet

A pain reliever drug that also contains caffeine, which acts as a central nervous system

stimulant and lessens fatigue, as well as paracetamol, an antipyretic that works by inhibiting

the body's cyclooxygenase enzyme. The caffeine boosts paracetamol's ability to relieve pain

more effectively than paracetamol alone.(11)

Figure (18) : Simple Picture of Pamol Extra

Figure() : Simple Picture of Pamol Extra

29

Figure() : Chemical Structure of Paracetamol

 Figure (19): Chemical Structure of Paracetamol

Figure (20) : Chemical Structure of Caffeine

6.1 HPLC Method Analysis for Pamol Extra

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 6.1.1 Mobile phase:

Prepare 0.01M Pentane sulfonic acid sodium salt in a mixture of 22 volumes of methanol

and 78 volumes of distilled water and 7 volumes of acetonitrile. Adjust pH to 2.8 + 0.05

with 2M Hydrochloric acid Filter through nylon membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45

µm Sonicate to degas.

6.1.2 Caffeine Standard Preparation:

Transfer an amount of Caffeine working standard equivalent to 30 mg to a 100 ml

volumetric flask, add 80 ml diluent, sonicate for 10 minutes and dilute to volume with

diluent.

6.1.3 Paracetamol Standard Preparation:

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 Transfer an amount of Paracetamol working standard equivalent to 23,1 mg to a 100 ml

volumetric flask, add 70 ml diluent, sonicate for 10 minutes, dilute to volume with diluent

6.2 Assay Method Analysis of Tablets:

Weigh and finely powder not less than 10 tablets. Transfer an amount of powder equivalent

to 231 mg Paracetamol to a 200 ml volumetric flask, add 140 ml diluent, sonicate for 20

minutes, dilute to volume with diluent, dilute 5 ml of this solution to 25 ml. Filter through

0.7 µm glass filter.

7. Diapride Tablets

It lowers blood sugar by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas, and this effect depends

on the performance of beta cells in the islets of the pancreas. The mechanism by which

tolbutamide lowers glucose in the long term is not understood. Chronic use in patients with type

32
2 diabetes, and the hypoglycemic effect, persists despite the gradual decrease in the insulin

secreted response to the drug(12)

Figure (21 ): Simple Picture of Diapride Tablets

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 Figure (22): Chemical Structure of Glimepiride

7.1 HPLC Method analysis for Diapride

7.1.1 Mobile Phase:

Prepare a mixture of Methanolic glacial acetic acid ( 1 ml Glacial Acetic acid in 1L Methanol ) ,

Acetonitrile , and Distilled Water ( 275 : 70 : 200 ) ml respectively . Pass the Mobile Phase

through a nylon membrane filter having a pore size 0.45 µm and degas.

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 7.1.2 Buffer Preparation:

pH (7.4) Dissolve 13.6g of KH₂PO4 in 21. distilled water, add 2.7g NaOH then adjust the pH to

7.4 ± 0.05 with 5M NaOH) .

7.1.3 Diluent:

Prepare a mixture of Buffer pH 7.4 and Methanol (1000: 4000 ) ml respectively . Pass the diluent

through a nylon membrane filter having a pore size 0.45 μm and degas.

7.1.4 Standard Preparation:

Weigh and transfer an amount of Glimepiride working standard. equivalent 20 mg into a 100 ml

volumetric flask, add about 80 ml of diluent , sonicate for 30 minutes at 45 ° C , dilute to volume

with diluent , and mix . Transfer 5 ml of this solution to a 100 ml volumetric flask, dilute to

volume with diluent and mix.

7.2 Assay Method Analysis of Tablets:

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Weigh and transfer 5 tablets to 100 ml volumetric flask. Add about 80 ml diluent and shake, until

complete disintegration of tablets , then sonicate for 30 min at 45 ° C . Dilute to volume with

diluent and mix. Filter the solution, then transfer 5 ml of filtrate to 50 ml volumetric flask , dilute

to volume with diluent .

8. Vitadad D3 Capsules

The Natural form of Vitamin D, known as cholecalciferol in science, is Vitamin D3. For Calcium

to function properly in the body and to be absorbed from the stomach, Cholecalciferol, a form of

Vitamin D, is necessary.(13)

Figure (23): Simple Picture of Vitadad D3

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 Figure (24): Chemical Structure of Cholecalciferol

8.1 HPLC Method Analysis of Vitadad D3

8.1.1 Buffer Preparation:

Adjust the pH value for 500 ml distilled water using orthophosphoric acid 85 % to pH 2.6 0.05 .

Filter through a nylon membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45 µm

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 8.1.2 0.05 M Sodium Phosphate Buffer:

Dissolve 6.9 g of monobasic Sodium Phosphate monohydrate in 1000 ml Distilled water, adjust

pH to 6.8 with 5M Sodium Hydroxide or Orthophosphoric acid.

8.1.3 Mobile Phase:

Mix buffer, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and methanol in the ration (200: 400: 400: 400)

respectively , Then degas .

8.2 Dissolution Medium Preparation:

Dissolve 8.9 g of ascorbic acid and 10 g of Triton in 1000 ml. of 0.05 M sodium phosphate

buffer, add 1.5 g pepsin and dissolve.

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 8.3 Standard Preparation:

Weigh and transfer an amount of Cholecalciferol oily working standard equivalent to 110000 IU

to a 100 ml volumetric flask, add 70 ml of Acetonitrile, sonicate to dissolve , then dilute to

volume with Acetonitrile and mix . Dilute 5 ml from this solution to 100 ml volumetric flask,

dilute to volume with dissolution medium and mix well.

8.4 Sample Preparation:

Place 900 ml of dissolution media in each vessel of the dissolution apparatus and assemble the

apparatus.

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References

1. Dar Al Dawa Development & Investment Co. online Website

2. Chronopoulou, E., Uribe-Benninghoff, A., Corbett, C. R., & Berry, J. D. (2014). Hybridoma

technology for the generation of rodent mAbs via classical fusion. In Monoclonal Antibodies

(pp. 47-70). Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.

3. The MultiTest 50 can be connected to PC software for 21 CFR, Part 11 compliant electronic

data management. Measured results and test reports are collected in a database and can be

exported either as PDF or in Microsoft Excel® compatible format

4. Gumustas, Mehmet; Kurbanoglu, Sevinc; Uslu, Bengi; Ozkan, Sibel A. (2013). UPLC versus

HPLC on Drug Analysis: Advantageous, Applications and Their Validation Parameters.

Chromatographia, 76(21-22), 1365–1427. doi:10.1007/s10337-013-2477-8

5. Anastasia Zotou (2012). An overview of recent advances in HPLC instrumentation. , 10(3),

554–569. doi:10.2478/s11532-011-0161-0

6. Behera S, Ghanty S, Ahmad F, Santra S, Banerjee S (2012) UV-Visible Spectrophotometric

Method Development and Validation of Assay of Paracetamol Tablet Formulation. J Anal

Bioanal Techniques 3:151. doi:10.4172/2155-9872.1000151

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7. Davidson AG (2002) Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry. In BeckettAH,

Stenlake JB, (4thedn), Practical Pharmaceutical chemistry. CBS Publishers and distributors, New

Delhi, 275-278

8. Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye1 , Imad Hadi Hameed2* , Mohanad Jawad Kadhim3 1Department of

Biology, College of Science for women, University of Babylon, Iraq 2College of Nursing,

University of Babylon, Iraq 3College of Biotechnology, Department of Genetic Engineering, Al-

Qasim Green University, Iraq Available Online: 1 st March, 2017

9.Wright, W. G., McDevitt, J., Tierney, R., Haran, F. J., Appiah-Kubi, K. O., & Dumont, A.

(2017). Assessing subacute mild traumatic brain injury with a portable virtual reality balance

device. Disability and rehabilitation, 39(15), 1564-1572.

10. Suleiman, M. S.; Muti, H. Y.; Abdel-Hamid, M. E.; Hassan, M.; El-Sayed, Y. M.; Najib, N.

M. (1989). A Stability-Indicating Hplc Analysis of Famotidine and Its Application to Kinetic

Studies. Analytical Letters, 22(6), 1499–1512. doi:10.1080/00032718908051615

11. medscape. acetaminophen/caffeine (OTC). Retrieved on the 3rd of July 2020

12. Drug Information Handbook 17th edition 2008-2009 page 737/738

13. Webmd website. VITAMIN D3 Tablet - Uses, Side Effects, and More. Retrieved on the 29th

of January, 2022.

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