NOTIFICATION

NOTIFICATION NO. 49
st
Amendment No.2/IRC:112-2020/June, 2022 (Effective from 1 September, 2022)
To
IRC:112-2020 Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges (First Revision)

Sr Clause No. For Read

No. Page No.

1 15.3.1.1 (2) - Addition of 5th bullet point

(Page No. 136) Individual cables from bundled cables shall be
deviated or draped to separate towards
anchoring locations. Cables shall be profiled in
this zone in a manner such that curved cable shall
not cause any adverse force on duct of other
cable in the bundle when any cable from the
bundle is stressed. Only one cable from bundled
cables shall be deviated or draped at a time, such
that it moves away from other cable in the bundle.
The alignment of other cable shall continue to be
straight until clear distance / concrete thickness
between these two cable ducts is sufficient to
resist forces exerted due to curvature of the other
cable when stressed or equal to the duct diameter
or 50 mm, whichever is greater. The cables shall
remain in plane of bundled cables until this point.
2 18.3.2 The following grades of steel having T h e f o l l o w i n g g r a d e s o f s t e e l h a v i n g
(Page No. 171) characteristics as mentioned in Table 18.3 to characteristics as mentioned in Table 18.3 to 18.5,
18.5, are permitted for use in bridges designed are permitted for use in bridges.
for normal life.
For other bridges mentioned in clause 5.8.1
wires/strands having smaller diameters than
those given in the Tables, but otherwise
meeting the requirements of Indian standards
mentioned therein, can be used.
3 13.4.2 Addition of new sub-clause (5)
(Page No. 112) Minimum internal cross sectional area of MS
Sheathing duct shall not be less than 3 times the
cross sectional area of the tendon which can be
fitted in the anchorage system used. However, in
case of threading of tendons after concreting for
spans larger than 30 m, internal diameter of the
duct shall be 5 mm larger than the requirement
stated above, in order to facilitate threading.
4 13.4.3 (4) Minimum internal diameter of the HDPE duct Minimum internal cross sectional area of the
(Page No. 113) shall not be less than 3 times the cross sectional HDPE duct shall not be less than 3 times the cross
area of the tendon which can be fitted in the sectional area of the tendon which can be fitted in
anchorage system used. However, in case of the anchorage system used. However, in case of
threading of tendons after concreting for spans threading of tendons after concreting for spans
larger than 30 m, internal diameter of the duct larger than 30 m, internal diameter of the duct
shall be 5 mm larger than the requirement stated shall be 5 mm larger than the requirement stated
above, in order to facilitate threading. above, in order to facilitate threading.
5 17.2.2 (2) Along straight section boundaries, restraining Along straight section boundaries, restraining of
(Page No. 164) of longitudinal bars should be achieved in longitudinal bars should be achieved in either one
either one of following ways: of two ways mentioned in (a) & (b) below:

INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 61

 NOTIFICATION

NOTIFICATION NO. 50
Amendment No.2/IRC:78-2014/June, 2022 (Effective from 1st September, 2022)
To
IRC:78-2014 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges
And
Amendment No.3/IRC:112-2020/June, 2022 (Effective from 1st September, 2022)
To
IRC:112-2020 Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges (First Revision)
CLAUSE 707: OPEN FOUNDATION - CLAUSES OF IRC:78 TRANSFERRED TO IRC:112
Sr Clause No. Clause As written New proposed Clause in IRC : 112

deleted from IRC:78

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 (With Clause No. & Text)

(Yes / No)
(Yes / No)
Clause

1 707.2.1 The thickness of the footings
(Page No.19) shall not be less than 300 mm.
2 707.2.2 Bending moments
(Page No.19)
3 707.2.2.1 For solid wall type substructure
(Page No. 19) with one-way reinforced footing,
the bending moments can be
determined as one-way slab for
the unit width subjected to worst
combination of loads and forces.
4 707.2.2.2 For two-way footing, bending
(Page No. 19 moment at any section of the
to 20) footing shall be determined by
passing a vertical plane through
the footing and computing the
moment of the forces acting over
the entire area of footings one
side of the vertical plane. The
critical section of bending shall
be at the face of the solid column.
5 707.2.2.3 In case of circular footings or
(Page No. 20) polygonal footings, the bending
moments in the footing may be
determined in accordance with
any rational method. Methods
given by Timoshenko and Rowe
for Plate Analysis are acceptable.
6 707.2.2.4 For combined footings supporting
(Page No. 20) two or more columns, the critical
sections for bending moments
along the axis of the columns shall
be at the face of the columns/ walls.
Clause
Y Y 16.15 Foundation
16.15.1 Open Foundation
16.15.1.1 The thickness of the footings
shall not be less than 300 mm.
Y Y 16.15.1.2 Bending Moments
Y Y a) For solid wall type substructure with
one-way reinforced footing, the
bending moments can be determined
as one-way slab for the unit width
subjected to worst combination of
loads and forces.
Y Y b) For two-way footing, bending
moment at any section of the footing
shall be determined by passing a
vertical plane through the footing and
computing the moment of the forces
acting over the entire area of footings
one side of the vertical plane. The
critical section of bending shall be at
the face of the solid column.
Y Y c) In case of circular footings or polygonal
footings, the bending moments in the
footing may be determined in
accordance with any rational method.
Methods given by Timoshenko and
Rowe for Plate Analysis are acceptable.
Y Y d) For combined footings supporting
two or more columns, the critical
sections for bending moments along
the axis of the columns shall be at the
face of the columns/ walls. Further, for

62 INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022

 NOTIFICATION

deleted from IRC:78

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New proposed Clause in IRC : 112

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 (With Clause No. & Text)

(Yes / No)
(Yes / No)
Clause

Further, for determination of
critical sections for bending
moments between the column/
walls, any rational method of
analysis be adopted.
Clause
Y Y determination of critical sections for
bending moments between the
column/walls, any rational method of
analysis be adopted.

7 707.2.3 The shear strength of the footing Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 20) may be checked at the critical IRC:112
section which is the vertical
section at a distance 'd' from the
face of the wall for one-way
action where 'd' is the effective
depth of the section at the face of
the wall.

8 707.2.3.1 For two-way action for slab or Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 20) footing, the critical section should IRC:112
be perpendicular to plan of slab
and so located that its perimeter is
minimum, but need not approach
closer than half the effective
depth from the perimeter of
concentrated load or reaction
area.

9 707.2.4 To ensure proper load transfer, a
(Page No. 20) limiting value of ratio of depth to
length/width of footing equal to
1:3 is specified. Based on this, for
sloped footings the depth
effective at the critical section
shall be the minimum depth at the
rd
end plus 1/3 of the distance
between the extreme edge of the
footing to the critical section for
design of the footing for all
purposes.
Y Y 16.15.1.2 To ensure proper load transfer, a
limiting value of ratio of depth to
length/width of footing equal to 1:3 is
specified. Based on this, for sloped
footings the depth effective at the critical
section shall be the minimum depth at the
end plus 1/3rd of the distance between the
extreme edge of the footing to the critical
section for design of the footing for all
purposes.

10 707.2.5 The critical section for checking Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 20) d e v e l o p m e n t l e n g t h o f IRC:112
reinforcement bars should be
taken to be the same section as
given in Clause 707.2.3 and also
all other vertical planes where
abrupt changes in section occur.
11 707.2.6 Tensile reinforcement Y Y 16.15.1.3 Reinforcement Detailing in
(Page No. 20) Open Foundation

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 NOTIFICATION

deleted from IRC:78

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New proposed Clause in IRC : 112

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 (With Clause No. & Text)

(Yes / No)
(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause
707.2.6.1 The tensile reinforcement shall 16.15.1.3.1 General
(Page No. 20) provide a moment of resistance at
a) The main reinforcement should be
least equal to the bending
anchored in accordance with the
moment on the section calculated requirements of clause 15.2.4. A
in accordance with Clause minimum bar diameter of 10mm
707.2.2. should be provided.
707.2.6.2 The tensile reinforcement shall b) In case of circular footings, the main
(Page No. 20) b e d i s t r i b u t e d a c r o s s t h e reinforcement may be placed
corresponding resisting section orthogonally and concentrated in the
as below: middle half of the footing, for a width
of 50% ± 10% of the diameter of the
a) In one-way reinforced footing. The unreinforced parts of the
footing, the reinforcement element should be considered as plain
shall be same as calculated concrete for design purposes.
for critical unit width as
mentioned in Clause
707.2.2.1.
b) In two-way reinforced square
footing, the reinforcement
extending in each direction
shall be distributed
uniformly across the full
section of the footing.

c) In two-way reinforced
rectangular footing, the
reinforcement in the long
direction shall be distributed 0.5 B
uniformly across the full
width of the footing. For B
reinforcement in the short
Figure 16.12: Orthogonal reinforcement
direction, a central band equal
in circular spread footing on soil
to the short side of the footing
shall be marked along the c) If the load effects under any load
length of the footing and combination cause tension at the
portion of the reinforcement upper surface of the footing, the
determined in accordance resulting tensile stresses should be
with the equation given checked and reinforced as necessary.
below shall be uniformly
distributed across the central 16.15.1.3.2 Anchorage of bars
band: a) The tensile force in the reinforcement
is determined from equilibrium
conditions, taking into account the

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 NOTIFICATION

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New proposed Clause in IRC : 112

deleted from IRC:78

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 (With Clause No. & Text)

(Yes / No)
(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause
Where β = the ratio of the long effect of inclined cracks, see Figure
side to the short side of the 16.13. The tensile force Fs at a location
footing x should be anchored in the concrete
within the same distance x from the
The remainder of the reinforcement edge of the footing.
shall be uniformly distributed in the
outer portions of the footing.

Figure 16.13: Model for tensile force

with regard to inclined cracks

b) The tensile force to be anchored is

given by:

Fs = R. Ze /Z1

Where:
R is the resultant of ground pressure
within distance x Ze is the external
lever arm, i.e. distance between R and
the vertical force Ned
Ned is the vertical
force corresponding
to total ground pressure between
sections A and B Z1 is the internal lever
arm, i.e. distance between the
reinforcement and the horizontal force
FC
FC is the compressive force
corresponding to maximum tensile
force Fs.max

c) Lever arms Z e and Z 1 may be

determined with regard to the
necessary compression zones for Ned
and FC respectively. As simplification,
Ze may be determined assuming e =
0.15 b, see Figure 16.13 and Z1 may
be taken as 0.9 d.

INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 65

 NOTIFICATION

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New proposed Clause in IRC : 112

deleted from IRC:78

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 (With Clause No. & Text)

(Yes / No)
(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause
d) The available anchorage length for
straight bars is denoted lb in Figure
16.13. If this length is not sufficient to
anchor Fs, bars may either be bent up
to increase the available length or be
provided with end anchorage devices.
e) For straight bars without end
anchorage the minimum value of x is
the most critical. As a simplification
Xmin = h/2 may be assumed. For other
types of anchorage, higher values of x
may be more critical.
16.15.1.4 Column Footing on Rock
(a) Adequate transverse reinforcement
should be provided to resist the
splitting forces in the footing, when the
ground pressure in the ultimate states
exceeds 5 Mpa. This reinforcement
may be distributed uniformly in the
direction of the splitting force over the
height h (see Fig 16.14). A minimum
bar diameter, 12mm, should be
provided.

(b) The splitting force, F s , may be

calculated as follows (see Figure
16.14):

Fs = 0,25 (1 – c / h) NEd
Where h is the lesser of b and H

Figure 16.14: Splitting reinforcement

in Footing or Rock

66 INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022

 NOTIFICATION

deleted from IRC:78

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New proposed Clause in IRC : 112

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 (With Clause No. & Text)

(Yes / No)
(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause
12 707.2.7 The area of tension reinforcement Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 21) should as per IRC: 112, Clause IRC:112
number 16.5.1.1.
13 707.2.8 All faces of the footing shall be Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 21) provided with a minimum steel of IRC:112
250 mm2/meter in each direction
for all grades of reinforcement.
Spacing of these bars shall not be
more than 300 mm. This steel
may be considered to be acting as
tensile reinforcement on that
face, if required from the design
considerations.

CLAUSE 709 : PILE FOUNDATION CLAUSES OF IRC : 78 TRANSFERRED TO IRC:112

deleted from IRC:78

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New or Existing Clause in

inserted in IRC:112

No. Page No. in IRC:78 IRC : 112

(Yes / No)

with Clause No or Text of New

(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause

Clause & No.

709.4 Structural Design of Piles

14 709.4.1 A pile as a structural member shall
(Page No. 40) have sufficient strength to transmit
the load from structure to soil. The
pile shall also be designed to
withstand temporary stresses, if
any, to which it may be subjected
to, such as, handling and driving
stresses. The permissible stresses
should be as per IRC:112. The test
pile shall be separately designed to
carry test load safely to the
foundation.
15 709.4.2 The piles may be designed taking
(Page No. 40) into consideration all the load
effects and their structural
capacity examined as a column.
The self-load of pile or lateral
load due to earthquake, water
Y Y 16.15.2 New Clause PILE FOUNDATIONS
in IRC:112
16.15.2 .1
A pile as a structural member shall have
sufficient strength to transmit the load
from structure to soil. The pile shall also be
designed to withstand temporary loadings,
if any, to which it may be subjected to,
such as, handling and driving forces.
The test pile shall be separately designed
to carry test load safely to the foundation.
Y Y 16.15.2.2 New Clause in IRC:112
The piles may be designed taking into
consideration all the load effects and their
structural capacity examined as a column.
The self-load of pile or lateral load due to
earthquake, water current force, etc.

INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 67

 NOTIFICATION
deleted from IRC:78
Sr Clause No. Clause As written
inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78
water current force, etc. on the
portion of free pile up to scour
level and up to potential
liquefaction level, if applicable,
should be duly accounted for.
16 709.4.3 For the horizontal loads the
(Page No. 40) moments in pile shaft can be
calculated as described in Clause
709.3.5.2. For piles on land, if the
pile group is provided with rigid
cap, then the piles may be
considered as having fixed head
in appropriate direction for this
purpose. Horizontal force may be
distributed equally in all piles in a
group with a rigid pile cap.
17 709.4.4 Reinforcements for cast-in-situ
(Page No. 40) piles
The reinforcements in pile
should be provided complying
with the requirements of
IRC:112, as per the design
requirements. The area of
longitudinal reinforcement shall
not be less than 0.4 percent nor
greater than 2.5 percent of the
actual area of cross-section in all
cast-in-situ concrete piles. The
clear spacing between vertical
bars shall not be less than 100
mm. Grouping of not more than
two bars together can be made
for achieving the same. Lateral
reinforcement shall be provided
in the form of spirals with
minimum 8 mm diameter steel,
spacing not more than 150 mm.
For inner layer of reinforcement,
separate links tying them to each
other and to outer layers shall be
provided.
68 INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022
New or Existing Clause in
IRC : 112
(Yes / No)
with Clause No or Text of New
(Yes / No)
Clause
Clause
Clause & No.
on the portion of free pile up to scour level
and up to potential liquefaction level, if
applicable, should be duly accounted for.
Y Y 16.15.2.3 New Clause in IRC:112
For the horizontal loads, the moments in
pile shaft can be calculated by appropriate
rational method of analysis using soil
modulus as recommended in IRC:78, Part
2. For piles on land, if the pile group is
provided with rigid cap, then the piles
may be considered as having fixed head in
appropriate direction for this purpose.
Horizontal forces coming from top at the
bottom of pile cap may be distributed
equally in all piles in a group with a rigid
pile cap.
Y Y New Clause 16.15.2.4 in IRC:112
The reinforcements in pile should be
provided complying with the requirements
of this code, as per the design requirements.
The area of longitudinal reinforcement shall
not be less than 0.4 percent nor greater than
2.5 percent of the actual area of cross-
section in all cast-in-situ concrete piles. The
clear spacing between vertical bars shall not
be less than 100 mm. Grouping of not more
than two bars together can be made for
achieving the same. Lateral reinforcement
shall be provided in the form of spirals with
minimum 8 mm diameter steel, spacing not
more than 150 mm. For inner layer of
reinforcement, separate links tying them to
each other and to outer layers shall be
provided.
 NOTIFICATION
deleted from IRC:78
Sr Clause No. Clause As written
inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78
18 709.4.5 For pre-cast driven piles, the
(Page No. 40) reinforcement should comply
with the provision of IRC:112,
for resisting stresses due to
lifting, stacking and transport,
any uplift or bending transmitted
from the superstructure and
bending due to any secondary
effects. The area of longitudinal
reinforcement shall not be less
than the following percentages of
the cross-sectional area of the
piles:
a) For piles with a length less
than 30 times the least width -
1.25 percent;
b) For piles with a length 30 to 40
times the least width - 1.5
percent; and
c) For piles with a length greater
than 40 times the least width - 2
percent.
709.5 Design of Pile Cap
19 709.5.4 The minimum thickness of pile
(Page No. 41) cap should be 1.5 times the
diameter of pile. Such a pile cap
can be considered as rigid. The
pile cap may be designed as thick
slab or, by using 'strut & tie'
method. All reinforcement in pile
cap shall have full anchorage
capacity beyond the point at
which it is no longer required. It
should be specially ascertained
for pile cap designed by 'strut &
tie' method. Where large
diameter bars are used as main
reinforcement, the corners of pile
caps have large local cover due to
large radius of bending of main
bars. Such corners shall be
protected by locally placing
small diameter bars.
New or Existing Clause in
IRC : 112
(Yes / No)
with Clause No or Text of New
(Yes / No)
Clause
Clause
Clause & No.
Y Y 16.15.2.5 New Clause in IRC:112
For pre-cast driven piles, the reinforcement
should be provided for resisting forces due to
lifting, stacking , transporting, driving and
any uplift or bending transmitted from the
superstructure and bending due to any
secondary effects. The area of longitudinal
reinforcement shall not be less than the
following percentages of the cross-sectional
area of the piles:
a) For piles with a length less than 30
times the least width - 1.25 percent;
b) For piles with a length 30 to 40 times
the least width - 1.5 percent; and
c) For piles with a length greater than 40
times the least width - 2 percent.
Y Y 16.15.2.6 New Clause in IRC:112
Design of pile cap
The minimum thickness of pile cap should
be 1.5 times the diameter of pile. All
reinforcement in pile cap shall have full
anchorage capacity beyond the point at
which it is no longer required. It should be
specially ascertained for pile cap designed
by 'strut & tie' method. Where large
diameter bars are used as main
reinforcement, the corners of pile caps
have large local cover due to large radius
of bending of main bars. Such corners
shall be protected by locally placing small
diameter bars.
INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 69
 NOTIFICATION
CLAUSE 710: PIER & ABUTMENT - CLAUSES OF IRC:78 TRANSFERRED TO IRC : 112

deleted from IRC:78

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New or Existing Clause in

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 IRC : 112

(Yes / No)
with Clause No or Text of New

(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause
Clause & No.

20 710.2.10 The lateral reinforcement of the
(Page No. 46) walls of hollow circular RCC pier
shall not be less than 0.3 percent of
the sectional area of the walls of
the pier. This lateral reinforcement
shall be distributed 60 percent on
outer face and 40 percent on inner
face.
Y Y New Clause Addition at Serial No. 3 of
16.4.1
(3) The lateral reinforcement of the walls
of hollow circular RCC pier shall not be
less than 0.3 percent of the sectional area
of the walls of the pier. This lateral
reinforcement shall be distributed 60
percent on outer face and 40 percent on
inner face.

21 710.3.1 When the length of solid pier is Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 46) m o r e t h a n f o u r t i m e s i t s IRC:112
thickness, it shall also be checked
as a wall.
22 710.3.2 The reinforced wall should have Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 46) minimum vertical reinforcement IRC:112
equal to 0.3 percent of sectional
area.
23 710.3.3 For eccentric axial load, the wall Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 46) should be designed for axial load IRC:112
with moment. The moments and
the horizontal forces should be
distributed taking into account
the dispersal by any rational
method.

24 710.3.4 The vertical reinforcement need not Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 46) be enclosed by closed stirrups, IRC:112
where vertical reinforcement is not
required for compression.
However, horizontal reinforcement
should not be less than 0.25 percent
of the gross area and open links (or
S-Ioops) with hook placed around
the vertical bar should be placed at
the rate of 4 links in one running
meter.
25 710.3.5 When walls are fixed with Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 46) superstructure, the design moment IRC:112
and axial load should be worked out
by elastic analysis of the whole
structure.

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deleted from IRC:78

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New or Existing Clause in

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 IRC : 112

(Yes / No)
with Clause No or Text of New

(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause
Clause & No.

26 710.8.4 In case of bearings are placed Y N Relevant provisions already exist in

(Page No. 50) centrally over the column and IRC:112
width of bearings/ pedestals is
located within half the depth of
cap from any external face of the
columns, the load from bearings
will be considered to have been
directly transferred to column and
cap beam need not to be designed
for flexure.
27 710.8.7 Reinforcement in Pier and Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 50) Abutment Caps where the IRC:112
bearing satisfied the square-root
formula stated in Clause 307.1 of
IRC:21, the pier caps shall be
reinforced with a total minimum
of 1 percent steel, assuming a cap
thickness of 225 mm. The total
steel shall be distributed equally
and provided both at top and
bottom in two directions. The
reinforcement in the direction of
the length of the pier shall extend
from end to end of the pier cap
while the reinforcement at right
angles shall extend for the full
width of the piers cap and be in
the form of stirrups. In addition,
two layers of mesh reinforcement
one at 20 mm from top and the
other at 100 mm from top of
pedestal or pier cap each
consisting of 8 mm bars at 100
mm centers in both directions
shall be provided directly under
the bearings.
28 710.9.1 When the distance between the Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 51) load/centre line of bearing from IRC:112
the face of the support is equal to
or less than the depth of the cap
(measured at the support) the cap
shall be designed as a corbel.
29 710.9.2 The equivalent square area may Y Y New Clause added 16.7.1 Serial No (8)
(Page No. 51) be worked out for circular pier to
ac shall be measured from the face of the
determine the face of support for
square of equal area of circular support.
calculating bending moments

INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 71

 NOTIFICATION

deleted from IRC:78

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New or Existing Clause in

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 IRC : 112

(Yes / No)
with Clause No or Text of New

(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause
Clause & No.

30 710.9.3 In case of wall pier and the pier Y Y New Clause added at 16.3 Serial No. (3)
(Page No. 51) cap cantilevering out all around,
the measurement of distance for In case of wall pier and the pier cap
purpose of the design as bracket cantilevering out all around, the
and the direction of provision of measurement of distance for purpose of the
reinforcement should be parallel design as bracket and the direction of
to the line joining the center of provision of reinforcement should be parallel
load/bearing with the nearest to the line joining the center of load/bearing
supporting face of Pier. with the nearest supporting face of Pier.
31 710.9.4 Where a part of the bearing lies Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 51) directly over the pier, calculation IRC:112
of such reinforcement should be
restricted only for the portion
which is outside the face of the
pier. Moreover, in such cases the
area of closed horizontal stirrups
may be limited to 25 percent of the
area of primary reinforcement.
32 710.10.3 The allowable bearing pressure Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 51 with near uniform distribution on IRC:112
& 52) the loaded area of a footing or
base under a bearing or column
shall be given by the following
equation
A
C = Co x A21 Co
where
C O = the permissible direct
compressive stress in concrete at
the bearing area of the base
A1= dispersed concentric area
which is geometrically similar to
the loaded area A2 and also the
largest area that can be contained
in the plane of A1 (maximum
width of dispersion beyond the
loaded area face shall be limited
to twice the height)
A2= loaded area and the projection
of the bases or footing beyond the
face of the bearing or column
supported on it shall not be less
than 150 mm in any direction

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deleted from IRC:78

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New or Existing Clause in

inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78 IRC : 112

(Yes / No)
with Clause No or Text of New

(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause
Clause & No.

33 710.10.1 The pedestal should be Y N Relevant provisions already exist in

(Page No. 51) proportioned that a clear offset of IRC:112
150 mm beyond the edges of
bearings is available

34 710.10.4 The two layers of mesh Y N Relevant provisions already exist in

(Page No. 52) reinforcement-one at 20 mm IRC:112
from top and the other at 100 mm
from top of pedestal or pier cap
each consisting of 8 mm bars at
100 mm in both directions, shall
be provided directly under the
bearings

CLAUSE 710.7: RETAINING WALL - CLAUSES OF IRC:78 TRANSFERRED TO IRC:112

deleted from IRC:78

Sr Clause No. Clause As written New proposed Clause in IRC : 112

inserted in IRC:112

No. Page No. in IRC:78 (With Clause No. & Text)

(Yes / No)
(Yes / No)
Clause

Clause

35 710.7.1 The minimum thickness of Y Y 16.15.4 Retaining Wall:

(Page No. 49) reinforced concrete retaining 16.15.4.1 The minimum thickness of
wall shall be 200 mm.
reinforced concrete retaining wall shall
be 200 mm.
36 710.7.2 The retaining walls shall be Y N Relevant provisions already exist in
(Page No. 49) designed to withstand earth pressure IRC:112
including any live load surcharge
and other loads acting on it,
including self-weight, in accordance
with the general principles specified
for abutments. Stone masonry and
plain concrete walls shall be of solid
type. Reinforced concrete walls
may be of solid, counter fort,
buttressed or cellular type.
37 710.7.3 The vertical stems of cantilever Y Y 16.15.4.2
(Page No. 49) walls shall be designed as The vertical stems of cantilever walls shall
cantilevers fixed at the base. The be designed as cantilevers fixed at the base.
vertical or face walls of counterfort The vertical or face walls of counterfort

INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 73

 NOTIFICATION
deleted from IRC:78
Sr Clause No. Clause As written
inserted in IRC:112
No. Page No. in IRC:78
type and buttressed type shall be
designed as continuous slabs
supported by counterforts or
buttresses. The face walls shall be
securely anchored to the supporting
counterforts or buttresses by means
of adequate reinforcements.
38 710.7.4 Counterforts shall be designed as
(Page No. 49) T- beams or L-beams. Buttresses
shall be designed as rectangular
beams. In connection with the
main tension reinforcement of
counterforts, there shall be a
system of horizontal and vertical
bars or stirrups to anchor the face
walls and base slab to the
counterfort. These stirrups shall
be anchored as near to the outside
faces of the face walls and as near
to the bottom of the base slab as
practicable.
74 INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022
New proposed Clause in IRC : 112
(With Clause No. & Text)
(Yes / No)
(Yes / No)
Clause
Clause
type and buttressed type shall be designed
as continuous slabs supported by
counterforts or buttresses. The face walls
shall be securely anchored to the
supporting counterforts or buttresses by
means of adequate reinforcements.
Y Y 16.15.4.3
Counterforts shall be designed as T- beams
or L-beams. Buttresses shall be designed as
rectangular beams. In connection with the
main tension reinforcement of counterforts,
there shall be a system of horizontal and
vertical bars or stirrups to anchor the face
walls and base slab to the counterfort. These
stirrups shall be anchored as near to the
outside faces of the face walls and as near to
the bottom of the base slab as practicable.
 NOTIFICATION

NOTIFICATION NO. 51

Amendment No.7/IRC:6-2017/June, 2022 (Effective from 1st September, 2022)

To

IRC:6-2017 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice For Road Bridges,

Section-II Loads and Load Combinations” (Seventh Revision)
Sr Clause No. For Read
No. Page No.

(Page No. 56) New Clause added 214.5 (Reproduce below)

New Clause 214.5

214.5 Combination of Seismic Inertia Forces on Soil/Wall Mass and Dynamic Active Earth Pressure on
Abutments and Retaining walls:
The following loads/actions (earthquake effects) shall be considered while designing abutments/retaining walls.

(i) Active Earth pressure including seismic effect (dynamic increment) due to backfill and Dead Load Surcharge, if
present in accordance with Clause 214.1.2 and 214.1.5. Live load surcharge shall not be considered in seismic
longitudinal case but shall be considered in seismic transverse cases.
(ii) Inertia forces acting on the mass of the abutment/retaining wall and the mass of the earth fill resting over its
foundation.
(iii) Longitudinal Inertia forces on superstructure transferred through fixed bearings or elastomeric bearings (when
elastomeric bearings are used to transmit seismic action) or connections (links/reaction blocks) and Transverse
Inertia forces on superstructure transferred through transversely fixed or elastomeric bearings or connections
(links/reaction blocks).
(iv) Hydraulic pressure i.e. any hydrostatic or hydrodynamic pressures, including buoyancy, if applicable when
drainage arrangements are not provided. The direction of the action of this force shall be in the direction of the
action of inertia force on substructure.
In absence of a rigorous analysis considering soil structure interaction for computing the combined effect of the
above-mentioned seismic actions, the following simplified method may be used.
Weight of soil mass resting on foundation (as stated in (ii) above) shall be considered in computation of horizontal
seismic force for the purpose of checking external stability i.e., for checking base pressure, overturning and
sliding and design of foundation.
The total longitudinal force (PSEIS) to be applied to the abutment/retaining wall due to dynamic earth pressure and
inertial forces on soil mass & wall, shall be determined considering the combined effect of (Paw)dyn, (Paq)dyn and
PIR in which
PSEIS = (Paw)dyn + (Paq)dyn + PIR
(with appropriate combinations as given below in 214.5.1 to 214.5.4)

(Paw)dyn= dynamic lateral earth pressure force (including static component as per Clause 214.1.2.1 and 214.1.5)
due to retained earth fill (as shown in Fig. 14C)

(Paq)dyn = dynamic lateral earth pressure force (including static component as per Clause 214.1.2.3 and 214.1.5)
due to permanent surcharge, if any (as shown in Fig. 14 C).

PIR = Ahs (WW+ WS)

PIR = horizontal inertial force due to seismic loading of the wall & soil mass resting on foundation

INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 75

 NOTIFICATION

214.5.1 Seismic Inertia Forces on Abutments/Retaining Walls

Following cases shall be considered for design:
(a) Retaining Walls and Abutments on open foundation with Free sliding bearing –Seismic longitudinal case:
Ahs= horizontal seismic coefficient applied on weight of wall & soil mass, shall be taken = Z/2
The value of Ahs may be reduced to 50% x Z/2 = 0.25 Z for retaining walls/abutments when these have
displacement of 25 mm or more caused by dynamic lateral earth pressure including static component.

PIR = Ahs (WW+ WS)

WW = weight of abutment including wall and base slab WS = weight of soil resting on base slab

(b) Abutments on Pile or Well foundations with Free sliding bearing-Seismic longitudinal case

The value of Ahs may be reduced to 50% x Z/2 = 0.25Z for abutments with deep foundation (pile or well) when
superstructure is supported on free sliding bearings and no inertia forces are transferred from superstructure.

Here
PIR = Ahs (Ww+ Ws)

Ww=weight of abutment including wall, pile and pile cap or well cap and well by considering variation of Ahs as per
Clause 4.7 of IRC:SP:114.

Ws = weight of soil resting on well or pile cap

(c) Abutments on Open or Pile / Well foundations with Elastomer Bearings-Seismic longitudinal case:

Seismic coefficient Ah on mass of superstructure, abutment wall and well or pile cap when elastomeric bearings
are used to transmit seismic action, shall be calculated as per relevant clauses of IRC:SP:114 by using appropriate
Time period, Importance factor and Response reduction factor. Inertia forces on soil mass for abutments resting on
open foundations shall be calculated by taking Ahs=Z/2 for displacement <25mm and Ahs=50% of Z/2=0.25Z for
displacement >25mm caused by dynamic lateral earth pressure including static component. For abutments
supported on deep foundations (pile/well), Ahs=0.25Z shall be considered.

In this case
PIR = Ahs (Ww+Ws) for open foundation and PIR = Ahs Ws for Pile/Well Foundation
Ww is weight of the base slab only and Ws=weight of soil resting on the base slab/ well or pile cap

(d) Abutments connected to deck through fixed bearings or through seismic connections (links/reaction
blocks) or integral with superstructure (Open or Pile/Well foundations):This case is similar to the case
215.5.1(c) and Inertia forces shall be calculated in a similar manner, except that elastomer bearings are replaced
by fixed bearings/connection. When abutment is monolithic with either the superstructure or return/wing walls,
Ahs = Z/2 only will be considered without reducing it by 50% irrespective of the type of foundation.

214.5.2 Combination of Inertia Forces-Longitudinal direction:

During verification of the external stability of retaining wall/abutment and design of foundation, the following
two combinations shall be investigated considering the effects of (Paw)dyn + (Paq)dyn and PIR not to be concurrent:
§ combine 100 percent of the seismic earth pressure {(Paw)dyn+(Paq)dyn} with 50 percent of the inertial force PIR
and
§ combine 50 percent of the seismic earth pressure {(Paw)dyn+(Paq)dyn}, but not less than the Static active earth
pressure force with 100 percent of inertial force PIR.

76 INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022

 NOTIFICATION

The higher of results from these two combinations shall be used for checking the external stability of abutment or
retaining wall & design of foundation. When superstructure is supported on fixed/elastomeric bearings or
monolithic with the abutment, inertia forces on abutment wall, pile or well cap and well shall be considered
additionally as stated in Clause 214.5.1 (c) and 214.5.1 (d) above.
The inertial force associated with the soil mass on the foundation behind the retaining wall/abutment wall is not
added to the active seismic earth pressure when structurally designing the retaining/abutment walls. The basis for
excluding this inertial force is that movement of this soil mass is assumed to be in phase with the structural wall
system with the inertial load transferred through the foundation.

The inertial forces on soil mass and wall mass shall act at their respective CG as shown in Fig. 14C. Value of
seismic coefficient Avs applied to Ww and Ws shall be taken as two third of Ahs and considered in downward or
upward direction.

Fig. 14 C: Seismic Force Diagram for External Stability Check for Cantilever Wall
214.5.3 Combination of Inertia Forces-Transverse direction:

In case of combination of forces in transverse seismic case, 100% inertia force (along transverse direction) shall
be combined with 100% static earth pressure (along longitudinal direction).
Value of Ahs shall be considered same as recommended in 214.5.1 for the purpose of calculation of inertia forces
on wall mass WW and soil mass WS. Inertia forces transferred through superstructure shall be considered
additionally and computed as per IRC:SP:114.
214.5.4 Combination of inertia forces shall be done as per Clause 4.2.2 of IRC:SP:114 for all types of abutments/retaining
walls.
Abutments with pile/well foundations and connected through fixed bearings/connections or monolithic with
superstructure and designed for ductile detailing with R>1, shall also be checked for Capacity design effects as per
Chapter 7 and 8 of IRC:SP:114.

NOTIFICATION
NOTIFICATION NO. 52
Subject: Withdrawal of IRC:45-1972 "Recommendations for Estimating the Resistance of Soil Below the
Maximum Scour Level in the Design of Well Foundations of Bridges"

The IRC:45-1972 "Recommendations for Estimating the Resistance of Soil Below the Maximum Scour Level in the
Design of Well Foundations of Bridges" published by Indian Roads Congress in 1972 stands withdrawn with immediate
effect.

INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 77

 NOTIFICATION

NOTIFICATION NO. 53
Amendment No.1/IRC:78(Part-2)/June, 2022 (Effective from 1st September, 2022)
To
IRC:78-2020 (Part-2 ) Code of Practice for Limit State Design of Foundations

Sr No. Clause No./ Page no. For Read

1 Symbols, Latin letters eB :Eccentricity of vertical loads in eB : Eccentricity of vertical loads in
eB eL transverse direction transverse direction for double-axis
(Page No. 2) eccentricity
eL :Eccentricity of vertical loads in eL : Eccentricity of vertical loads in the
longitudinal direction longitudinal direction for double-axis
eccentricity
2 Greek Letter Δ δ
(Page No. 3)
3 3.2.3
Fig. 3
(Page No. 8)

4 3.2.3
Fig 4
(Page No. 8)

5 4.3 The vertical ground resistance shall For materials, the vertical ground
(below Table 4) be computed always using Set 1 value resistance shall always be computed
(Page No. 13) only for materials, in all combinations using Set 1 value only in all
for piles subjected to both combinations for piles subjected to
compressive and tensile forces. both compressive and tensile forces.
6 4.4.1 Short pile foundations only Short pile foundations only,
Line 1
(Page No. 14)
7 4.5.4 CR 6 1.50,1.35,1.30 CR 6 1.90,1.76,1.70
Table 8
(Page No. 17)
8 4.8.1 Para 1 In order to arrive at the design tensile In order to arrive at the design tensile
(Page No. 21) resistance of an isolated pile, the load resistance of an isolated pile, the load
combinations as per table B.4 of combination as per Table B.4 of IRC:6
IRC:6 shall be followed. and Table 10 under Clause 4.8.3.1 of
this code shall be followed.

78 INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022

 NOTIFICATION

Sr No. Clause No./ Page no. For Read

9 4.8.3.1 Table 10 for the design shaft tensile Table 10 to arrive at the design shaft
Para 2 line 3 resistance tensile resistance
(Page No. 21)
10 4.8.3.2 CR 3 and CR 4 are the modified partial CR 3 and CR 4 are the modified partial
Para 3 factors as 1.1 times values mentioned in factors using 1.1 times values
Table 7. mentioned in Table 7.
11 4.8.3.3/22 partial factors, as 1.1 Partial factors, using 1.1
Para 3
(Page No. 22)
12 4.8.3.4, title Total Uplift Resistance Total Tensile Resistance
(Page No. 22
Line 1 The total uplift resistance The total tensile resistance
Line 2 The uplift resistance of single pile The tensile resistance of single pile
4.8.3.4 Para 2 Line 1 The uplift resistance of group of piles The total tensile resistance of group of piles
13 4.8.3.5 Ultimate design uplift capacity of piles in Ultimate tensile resistance of piles
(Page No. 23) rock or intermediate Geo-materials in rock or intermediate Geo-
materials
The top 300 mm depth of the socket may be The top 0.3 m depth of the socket may
omitted for calculating the uplift capacity be omitted for calculating the tensile
using ground parameters. The ultimate resistance using ground parameters.
socket resistance shall be calculated as per The ultimate socket resistance shall be
Clause 9 of Appendix 5 of IRC:78 Part-1 calculated as per Clause 9 of Appendix
The ultimate socket resistance shall be 5 of IRC:78 Part-1 The ultimate socket
divided by the ground resistance factor for
resistance shall be divided by the
socket resistance which may be taken from
Table 9 and model factor 1.15 to obtain the ground resistance factor for socket
design resistance. The length of the socket resistance which may be taken from
shall be limited to 6 times the pile diameter. Table 9 and model factor 1.15 to obtain
The frictional resistance capacity of soil the design resistance. The length of the
above the socket shall be calculated as per socket shall be limited to 6 times the
Clause 4.8.3.1 and added to socket pile diameter. The frictional resistance
resistance capacity to arrive at the design capacity of soil above the socket shall
ultimate pull out capacity of pile socketed in be calculated as per Clause 4.8.3.1 and
rock. The self weight of pile shall also be added to socket resistance capacity to
added. The design pull out capacity can also arrive at the design tensile resistance of
be estimated from pull out tests. The pile socketed in rock. The self weight of
correlation factor for pull out test shall be
pile shall also be added. The tensile
taken from Table 7 and multiplied by factor
1.1 shall be used to estimate the resistance can also be estimated from
characteristic pull out capacity from tests pull out tests. The correlation factor for
The method shown in Clause 4.8.3.2 shall be pull out test shall be taken from Table 7
followed to work out the design uplift and multiplied by factor 1.1 shall be
capacity using the correlation factor and used to estimate the characteristic
socket resistance factor given in Table 9 tensile resistance from tests The
from the field test results The total uplift method shown in Clause 4.8.3.2 shall
resistance of block shall be tensile capacity be followed to work out the tensile
of all the piles in the group, which is as resistance using the correlation factor
follows: and socket resistance factor given in
Table 9 from the field test results. The

INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 79

 NOTIFICATION

Sr No. Clause No./ Page no. For Read

(Pile capacity of single pile x Number of total tensile resistance of block shall be
piles) tensile resistance of all the piles in the group,
which is as follows:
(Pile capacity of single pile x Number of
piles)

14 5.1 Para 2, Clause 5.3 of this code. Clause 5.4 of this code.
Line 2
(Page No. 25)

15 5.9.2 Add at the end of 1) For foundation resting over rock the resisting
(Page No. 28) factor shall be taken as mentioned in Clause
5.6.2.

Explanatory note
16 (Page No. 34) ( D) Foundation Resting on Rock (D) Foundation Resting on Rock (Cases as
mentioned under (A))
17 2.5 (c), Table 4 ≥3 ≥5
(Page No. 40)

18 2.10 (A) 4) Calculation of pile FOS from Dynamic 4) Calculation of pile FOS from Dynamic
(4) tests tests
(Page No. 43) Taking tests conducted at two locations Taking tests conducted at two locations
Combination 1 Combination 1
DL:LL 50:50 = 1.50 x 1.425 = 2.13 DL:LL 50:50 = 1.90 x 1.425 = 2.70
DL:LL 70:30 = 1.50 x 1.395 = 2.09 DL:LL 70:30 = 1.90 x 1.395 = 2.65
Combination 2 Combination 2
DL:LL 50:50 = 1.50 x 1.15 x 1.70 =2.93 DL:LL 50:50 = 1.90 x 1.15 x 1.70 = 3.71
DL:LL 70:30 = 1.50x 1.09 x 1.70 = 2.77 DL:LL 70:30 = 1.90x 1.09 x 1.70 = 3.52

19 2.10 (B) 4) FOS using Dynamic tests
(4) Combination 1
(Page No. 43) DL: LL 50:50 = 1.50 x 1.25 = 1.88 (88%)
DL: LL 70:30 = 1.50 x 1.29 = 1.94 (93%)
On Ground Strength 1.50
Combination 2
DL: LL 50:50 = 1.50 x 1.0 x 1.7 x 0. 85 = 2.16
(74%)
DL: LL 70:30 = 1.50 x 1.0 x 1.75 x 0. 85 = 2.16
(78%)
Ground strength alone 2.16
Factor of safety remains 1.60 and above
for normal methods and for dynamic
methods it will be 2.20. Target for normal
methods is 2.0 for normal loading: 25%
of over stressing when compared to
normal load. Hence can be accepted for
ground resistance factor.
4) FOS using Dynamic tests
Combination 1
DL: LL 50:50 = 1.90 x 1.25 = 2.38 (88%)
DL: LL 70:30 = 1.90 x 1.29 = 2.45 (93%)
On Ground Strength 1.90
Combination 2
DL: LL 50:50 = 1.90 x 1.0 x 1.7 x 0.85 =
2.74 (74%)
DL: LL 70:30 = 1.90 x 1.0 x 1.70 x 0.85 =
2.74 (78%)
Ground strength alone 2.74
Factor of safety remains 1.60 and above for
normal methods and for dynamic methods
it will be 2.74. Target for normal methods
is 2.0 for normal loading: 25% of over
stressing when compared to normal load.
Hence can be accepted for ground
resistance factor.

80 INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022

 NOTIFICATION/MEETING SCHEDULE

Sr No. Clause No./ Page no. For Read

20 3.11.1(B) B) With SV Loading Case B) With SV Loading Case
(Page No. 47) For Combination 1 For Combination 1
DL:LL 50:50 = Total FOS = 1.25 x 1.20 DL:LL 50:50 = Total FOS = 1.25 x 1.20
x 1.0 = 1.50 (78%) x 1.0 = 1.50 (78%)
DL:LL 70:30 = Total FOS =1.29 x 1.20 DL:LL 70:30 = Total FOS =1.29 x 1.20 x
x 1.0 = 1.55 (82%) 1.0 = 1.55 (82%)
FOS on Soil = 1.20 FOS on Soil = 1.20
For Combination 2 For Combination 2
DL:LL 50:50 = Total FOS = 1.0 x 1.10 DL:LL 50:50 = Total FOS = 1.0 x 1.00 x
x 1.78 = 1.96 (89%) 1.78 = 1.78 (81%)
DL:LL 70:30 = Total FOS = 1.0 x 1.10 DL:LL 70:30 = Total FOS = 1.0 x 1.00 x
x 1.78 = 1.96 (89%) 1.78 = 1.78 (81%)
FOS on Soil = 1.96 FOS on Soil = 1.78

21 3.11 Last Hence Resistance Factor of 1.20 and 1.1 Hence Resistance factors of 1.20 and 1.00
Para Line 1 can be taken. can be taken.
(Page No. 47)

Technical Committee Meeting Schedule for the month of September, 2022

INDIAN HIGHWAYS SEPTEMBER 2022 81