Chinais)position on the question of Hong Kong Consider the following sources. Then answer the questions. Source A: Adapted from information on the website of Hong Kong Museum of History In 1955, the Hong Kong Government unearthed an ancient tomb during the construction of the Lei Cheng Uk Resettlement Estate in Sham Shui Po. From the tomb structure, the artefacts discovered and the brick inscriptions, archaeologists deduced that the comb was built in the Eastern Han period (25-220 AD). The cross-shaped tomb with domed roof was a popular tomb design in Guangdong during the Han dynasty; the pottery ding tripod, zun wine warmer, kui food container, etc., were common daily utensils and often appeared on pictorial bricks in Han tombs. The characters “Panyu in the brick inscription refer to the county in which the Hong Kong region was located during the Han dynasty Figure 1 Figure 2 Apottery zun wine warmer unearthed from the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Zun wine warmers (wine containers) on the pictorial brick at a Han tomb in Chengde, Hebei Source B: According to Article 51 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), a treaty which has been procured by coercion through acts or threats shall be without any legal effect. In addition, Article 52 stipulates that a treaty is void if its conclusion has been procured by the threat of use of force in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations.Chapter 1. Brief introduction to the origin of the question of Hong Kong land the process of Hong Kong's return to China Source C: Adapted from “Witnessing the early stages of negotiation on the reunification of Hong Kong” by Huang Hua In March 1972, Huang Hua, Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations, stated that “the questions of Hong Kong and Macau were the results of a series of unequal treaties imposed on China by the imperialists, Hong Kong and Macau were part of China's territory occupied by the British and Portuguese authorities. The resolutions on the questions of Hong Kong and Macau were entirely within che sovereignty of China and do not fall under the scope of so-called ‘colonies..” ‘Therefore, China demanded that the incorrect mentioning of Hong Kong and Macau under the scope of so-called “colonies” be immediately removed from all documents of the Special Committee on Decolonization and all other documents of the United Nations, ‘The Special Committee on Decolonization held discussions on the subject and submitted a report to the UN General Assembly, recommending that Hong Kong and Macau be removed from the list of colonies. In November 1972, at the 27th UN General Assembly, che report submiteed by the Special Committee was passed by 99 votes to 5. This provided an important legal basis for the settlement of the question of Hong Kong's reunification by the Chinese and British governments.Topic 1 The Meaning and Implementation of “One Country, Two Systems | Cat (a) (b) 0 Why has Hong Kong been part of China since ancient times? With reference to source A, explain using Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb as an example. (2 marks) (0) Which of the following are unequal treaties involving the question of Hong Kong? (1 mark) Treaty of Nanking Convention of Peking Boxer Protocol Sees Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory (1), (2) and (3) ), (2) and (4) (3) and (4) (3) and (4) a a gneD ). Q), (i) As a follow-up question, explain China's position on the three unequal treaties that involve the question of Hong Kong, (2 marks) With reference to sources B and C as well as your own knowledge, state and explain two reasons for China's demand to remove Hong Kong from the list of colonies (4 marks), and explain one implication of such a demand. (2 marks)Chapter 1. Brief introduction to the origin of the question of Hong Kong land the process of Hong Kong's return to China (@)_ According to source A, Hong Kong has formally become a part of China since the Qin dynasty. For example, the “Panyu” brick inscription on Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb indicates that Hong Kong was under the jurisdiction of Panyu ‘County during Easter Han. This shows that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times. (2 marks) or ‘According to source A, Hong Kong has formally become a part of China since the Qin dynasty, Hong Kong has close ties with the culture in the northern parts of China. For example, the pottery zun wine warmer unearthed from the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb was a common daily utensil in the Han dynasty. The same type of utensil also appeared on the pictorial brick at a Han tomb in Chengde, Hebei. This shows that Hong Kong has close ties with the culture in the northern parts of China, and proves that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times. (2 marks) or According to source A, Hong Kong has formally become a part of China since the Qin dynasty, Hong Kong has close ties with the culture in Guangdong, For example, the cross-shaped structure of the Le! Cheng Uk Han Tomb with domed roof design was a popular design of tomb chambers in Guangdong during the Han dynasty. This shows that Hong Kong and Guangdong belong in the same cultural system, and proves that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times. (2 marks) Suggested marking guidelines Marks ‘The candidate: *+ with reference to source A, states and explains that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times using Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb as an example: * the "Panyu brick inscription on Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb indicates that Hong Kong was under the jurisdiction of Panyu County during Eastern Han. This shows that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times * the pottery zu wine warmer unearthed from the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb was a common daily utensil in the Han dynasty. The same type of utensil also appeared on the pictorial brick at a 2 Han tomb in Chengde, Hebei, This shows that Hong Kong has close ties with the culture in the northern parts of China, and proves that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times. * the cross-shaped structure of the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb with domed roof design was a popular design of tomb chambers in Guangdong during the Han dynasty. This shows that Hong Kong and Guangdong belong to the same cultural system, and proves that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times. + attempts to explain that Hong Kong has been part of China sinee ancient times using Lei Cheng Uk] 1 Han Tomb as an example, but some of the explanation may not be correct + makes no attempt to answer the question 0 + gives an answer which is not relevanc to the questionTopic 1 The Meaning and Implementation of “One Country, Two Systems () @ 8 (1 mark) © (i) The Chinese Government insisted that the three treaties invohing the question of Hong Kong were unequal tueaties imposed on China by Britain and therefore refused to recognise them. China insisted on recovering Hong Kong, through negotiations at an appropriate time, so as to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. (2 marks) Suggested marking guidelines Marke The candidate: + clearly explains China's (the Chinese Government’) position on the thrce unequal treaties that involve the question of Hong Kong: the three treaties involving the question of Hong Kong were unequal treaties imposed on China by| 2 Britain and therefore refused to recognise them. China insisted on recovering Hong Kong, through negotiations at an appropriate time. attempts to explain Chinas position on the three unequal treaties that involve the question of Hong| 1 Kong, but some of the explanation may not be correct ‘+ makes no attempt to answer the question 0 + gives an answer which is not relevant to the question Reason one: Based on the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the unequal treaties, from which the question ‘of Hong Kong stemmed, were procured by Britain through acts, threats or use of force, and were “ series of unequal treaties imposed on China by the imperialists.” Thes and therefore Hong Kong was not a British “colony”. (2 marks) 1 resuits of a treaties were invalid under international law, Reason two: China refused to recognise the unequal treaties involving the question of Hong Kong. It emphasised that all along it has sovereignty over Hong Kong but was not able to exercise such sovereignty owing to British ‘occupation of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, not being a country, has been part of China, so the resolution on the ‘question of Hong Kong was entirely within the sovereignty of China and did not fall under the scope of so-called “colonies”. (2 marks) Implication: China's approach to solving the question of Hong Kong was recognised by the international community By votes of 99 to 5, the UN General Assembly passed the resolution regarding China's demand for removing Hong Kong from the Ist of colonies. Ths reflects that China's position on sovereignty over Hong Kong and its demand ‘were widely recognised by the international community. (2 marks) or Implication: The demand provided an important legal basis for China to settle the question of Hong Kong. By majority vote, the UN General Assembly passed the resolution regarding China's demand for removing Hong Kong from the list of colonies. This provided China with a strong reason, during its negotiation with Britain over the question of Hong Kong, to insist on recovering Hong Kong and resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. (2 marks)Chapter 1. Brief introduction to the origin of the question of Hong Kong land the process of Hong Kong's return to China Suggested marking guidelines Marks The candidate: * based on sources B, C and his/her own knowledge, states and explains Chinas demand to remove | 5-6 Hong Kong from the list of colonies and an implication of such a demand; may justify his/her argument by drawing upon some of the points below or any other appropriate alternatives, eg Reasons for Chind’s demand to remove Hong Kong from the list of colonies: Based on the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the unequal treaties involving the question of Hong Kong were procured by Britain through acts, threats or use of force. These tueaties therefore were invalid under international law (source B). = China has sovereignty over Hong Kong all along but was not able to exercise such sovereignty owing to British occupation of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, not being a country, has been part of China, so the resolution on the question of Hong Kong was entirely within the sovercignty of| China and did not fall under the scope of so-called “colonies” (source C). Implication of such a demand: = By a majority vote, the UN General Assembly passed the resolution regarding Chinas demand for removing Hong Kong from the list of colonies (source C). This reflects that China's position con sovercignty over Hong Kong and its demand were widely recognised by the international community, Or = By a majority vote, the UN General Assembly passed the resolution regarding China’ demand for removing Hong Kong from the list of colonies (source C). This provided China with a strong reason, during its negotiation with Britain over the question of Hong Kong, to insist on recovering Hong Kong. provides a well-structured, clear and in-depth elaboration * based on sources B, C and his/her own knowledge, attempts to state and explain Chinas demand] 3-4 to remove Hong Kong from the list of colonies and an implication of such a demand, but the elaboration is insufficient in detail/ similar or not targeted; or only clearly explains one of the + makes use of some points of relevance in the sources, but not comprehensive enough provides a well-structured elaboration, though it might lack clarty/ details in parts briefly states and explains Chinas demand to remove Hong Kong from the list of colonies and an | 1-2 implication of such a demand, or provides a vague explanation and implication, but the some of explanation is not correct + makes use ofthe sources in a limited manner or sometimes inappropriately + makes no attempt to answer the question. 0 + gives an answer which is not relevant to the question