BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT QUỐC GIA 2024

ĐỀ ĐẶC BIỆT SỐ 1 Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
(Đề thi gồm 06 trang) (Thời gian làm bài 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
The dictionary defines morality as “being in accord with standards of right or good conduct.” The
argument over whether our moral behavior is innate or whether it is developed by our environment and
culture has been raging for ages. Many people feel morality is based on reason, while others feel it comes
from religion or one's own spirituality. Biologists believe that humans' tendency to obey the Golden Rule –
“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”– is a product of evolution.
At first, moral behavior seems to oppose the rules of Charles Darwin's theory of survival of the fittest
and natural selection. In other words, evolution appears to favor individuals who have learned how to get
what they need in order to survive. However, researchers in the field of biology feel that as animals evolved
to live in groups, the propensity to look only after one's own needs had to fade in order for a group mentality
to emerge. To ensure the group's success as a whole, every member had to look out for the interests of the
majority, a concept known as utilitarianism. This is a system of beliefs based on what does the greatest good
for the greatest number of people.
A researcher named Jonathan Haidt at the University of Virginia believes that morality is driven by two
separate mindsets-one ancient and one modern. Dr. Haidt declares that the human mind is unaware of the
distinction between the two. The ancient mental system is based on the emotion behind moral behaviors,
which is a type of intuitive sense of what is right and wrong that evolved before language developed. These
are the “gut reactions” people experience in tough situations that call for quick action. The more modern
system of thought came with the development of language, as people became able to express verbally why
something was right or wrong. The two work together when we are put in morally compromising situations.
When confronted with a moral dilemma, one's intuition immediately decides what is right or wrong.
Rational thought and judgment about the morality of an issue follow the decision that one's emotional
reaction already made.
Dr. Haidt identified five areas of moral conduct that are common in most countries and systems
throughout the world, and he describes these as the foundation for all moral behavior. These moral
components conceptualize how people treat others and what is important in being part of a group.
Regardless of their background, religion, socioeconomic status, or educational level, Dr. Haidt found that
the majority of people hold to these moral concepts. The first moral concept is the prevention of harm.
Generally, people believe that it is wrong to harm another human being or animal for cruel and needless
reasons. The second moral concept is fairness, which holds that all people should be treated fairly. For
instance, people should treat the poor in the same manner as the wealthy, and the weak the same as the
strong. The third moral concept is loyalty to one's group. This entails a strong devotion to the values of the
group as a whole. People with strong loyalties believe that adherence to the laws of society is important
because it upholds the integrity of that society. The idea of loyalty is closely interwoven with the fourth
moral foundation: respect for authority. People who value authority believe in the strength of a governing
body and a strong hierarchy with established roles and rules. The fifth concept involves upholding high
standards of purity. This deals with the way that members of a group view their bodies. The idea of purity
comes into play in the standards of cleanliness in society. Daily hygiene routines, eating food that has not
been contaminated in some way, and burial rules and rituals fall into this category.
Dr. Haidt's research concludes that these moral concepts are inherent in our physical makeup and are
learned behaviors, reinforced by our environments from a very early age. The five moral foundations are
interpreted differently from society to society, and people rate them differently in order of importance.
While morality may take different forms across the many different cultures of the world, it remains true that
the basic task of morality, restraining selfishness, is a part of all humanity's moral behavior.
(Adapted from Developing Skill for the TOEFL iBT 2nd Edition Intermediate Reading)
1. The word “innate” in the passage is closest in meaning to__________.
A. expected B. instinctive C. predictable D. sincere
2. Why does the author mention the Golden Rule in paragraph 1?
A. To contrast moral behavior with immoral behavior
B. To prove that people generally know right from wrong
C. To suggest that evolution shaped morality
D. To define the idea of moral behavior
3. According to the passage, morality developed because__________.
A. people learned to communicate using spoken language
B. people had to learn to survive in groups
C. people were born with the ability to know right and wrong
D. people learned moral behavior from their ancestors
4. Which of the following is NOT correct about the five moral concepts?
A. They typically develop in sequential order.
B. They serve as the core of all moral behaviors.
C. They vary in importance from country to country.
D. They explain the various ideas that drive moral behavior.
5. The word “entails” in the passage is closest in meaning to__________.
A. follows B. produces C. causes D. involves
6. The word “This” in paragraph 4 refers to__________.
A. A strong hierarchy B. The fifth concept
C. A governing body D. Upholding high standards
7. What can be inferred about humanity as a whole based on Dr. Haidt's moral concepts?
A. Morality is a universal characteristic that applies to the whole world.
B. The natural world plays a major role in the development of morality.
C. Morality is an instinctive characteristic that humans have from birth.
D. People from different cultures will not value the same principles.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Cultivating a Passion for Learning: The Voluntary Member's Story
Just over a year ago I was a member of a Workers' Educational Association (WEA) working group, a
mix of professional and voluntary workers, which was looking at training across the Association.
Active WEA voluntary members are a diverse group who emanate from all sections of the community.
The majority of active voluntary members work only at branch level; others also work at district and
national levels.
At present, WEA voluntary members are essential and invaluable at branch level, but their value at
other levels often depends largely on their (8)__________and other experience outside WEA. Many lack the
confidence and skills to become involved at district and national levels. Many do not wish to do so. Sadly,
many make tea when, with appropriate training, they could do much more in the WEA and outside.
The WEA has set about involving more people. Now all voluntary members (9)__________wish to
deliver the program in districts must (10)__________a training program of two days and a residential
weekend. We are working on systems of recognition and possibly accreditation, and are developing support
systems for the trained discussion leaders. The group which has completed the training the trainers' sessions
has met again to discuss these matters. Some have already led district sessions after appropriate consultation
with their district secretary who is an essential support if the initiative is to succeed. We also have
(11)__________members with appropriate professional and voluntary experience to assist in any further
training which might be needed.
We call the program which has developed from the work, ‘Cultivating a Passion for Learning’
(12)__________an important part of active voluntary work in the WEA is enthusing students and bringing
them into classes.
 (Adapted from Insearch English – Prepare For IELTS Skill And Strategies Book Two Reading And Writing)
8. A. professional B. career C. occupation D. work
9. A. which B. who C. whom D. what
10. A. intermediate B. advance C. complete D. finish
11. A. another B. several C. others D. much
12. A. however B. therefore C. because D. so
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
Science for Everyone
Chile is a long and beautiful country with the ocean to the west and mountains to the East. Some of the
villages are a very long way from the cities, and some of the schools are very small.
It's difficult for small schools to teach science because they don't have enough teachers or equipment.
This is where the Science Bus project can help. The bus brings special science teachers, new ideas, and
equipment to schools in different parts of the country. Sometimes, the children go inside the bus for their
science classes or clubs. Sometimes, the teachers bring the equipment inside the school building. The
children do experiments. The materials used in the experiments are easy to find – for example, recycled
plastic bottles – so that the class teacher can repeat the experiments with the class after the bus leaves.
The goal of the Science Bus is to bring science to children all over Chile. Since 2012, the bus has
visited many schools in Chile, and hundreds of teachers have learned how to make their science classes fun
and exciting.
In other parts of the world, children can take part in events called Bioblitzes. During a Bioblitz,
scientists, families, students, teachers, and other people work together to collect as many different kinds of
plants and animals as possible in a certain place, such as a park or a forest. Bioblitzes are a fun way to help
scientists and to discover more about the plants and animals around us.
Science is important for all of us because it helps us understand our world. We can learn about science
inside or outside of the classroom.
(Adapted from Look 6 – National Geographic)
13. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. The geography of Chile
B. The challenges faced by small schools in Chile
C. The Science Bus project in Chile
D. Bioblitzes in different parts of the world
14. The word “their” in paragraph 4 refers to__________.
A. science teachers B. new ideas C. bus D. children
15. What does the Science Bus project do?
A. It brings science teachers and equipment to schools in Chile.
B. It collects plants and animals in different parts of the country.
C. It helps children learn science outside of the classroom.
D. It brings new ideas and equipment to schools in different parts of the world.
16. The word “discover” in the passage is closest in meaning to__________.
A. get off B. find out C. put on D. held up
17. Which of the following is true in the passage?
A. All schools in Chile have access to enough science teachers and equipment.
B. The Science Bus project only brings teachers, not equipment, to schools in Chile.
C. The Science Bus project has been visiting schools in Chile since 2012.
D. Bioblitzes are events where scientists and students work together to collect plants and animals.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
18. On the 30th of this month, I have living here for exactly two year.
A B C D
19. Although once criticised for its mishandling the financial crisis, the government has recently
A B
been commended for its reception to immigration policies.
C D
20. My parents finally gave in to my suggestion to buy a new refrigerator after I showed this how cheap it
was.
A B C D
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
21.The black clay soil around here doesn't absorb water very well.
A. consume B. renovate C. maintain D. purchase
22. She's a distinguished guitarist and she's won a number of prestigious awards.
A. admired B. unpopular C. injected D. generous
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to
each of the following questions.
23. I haven’t gone to California Gym in Can Tho for several weeks.
A. This is the first time I have gone to California Gym in Can Tho.
B. The last time I went to California Gym in Can Tho was three weeks ago.
C. I haven’t gone to California Gym in Can Tho before.
D. I used to go to California Gym in Can Tho before.
24. Why don’t we avoid foods that contain a lot of fat and sugar?
A. We must avoid foods that contain a lot of fat and sugar.
B. We should avoid foods that contain a lot of fat and sugar.
C. We may avoid foods that contain a lot of fat and sugar.
D. We needn’t avoid foods that contain a lot of fat and sugar.
25. “Shall I help you with the washing-up, Hong?” Dat said.
A. Dat suggested to help with washing-up.
B. Dat reminded Hong to help with washing-up.
C. Dat offered to help Hong with the washing-up.
D. Dat blamed Hong for helping the washing-up.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
26. Many parents are understandably__________that it is dangerous to start serious training in a soprt at an
early age.
A. distributed B. concerned C. cared D. worried
st
27. By the end of the 21 century, scientists__________a cure for the common cold.
A. will be finding B. will have found
C. will find D. will have been finding
28. They used__________in the countryside.
A. to living B. living C. to live D. live
29. What should we do to reduce the level of environmental__________?
A. pollution B. pollutant C. polluted D. pollute
30. Remember to__________your shoes when you go into the temple.
A. go off B. give off C. take off D. put off
31. It is very nice__________you to help me with the homework.
A. to B. with C. from D. of
32. This department store__________three years ago.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. building
33. __________the table, Mr. Robert called the family for supper.
 A. Having laid B. Having laying C. Having been laid D. Being
laid

34. The higher the content of carbon dioxide in the air is, __________.
A. more heat it retains B. than it retains more heat
C. the more heat it retains D. it retains more heat
35. “Buy me a newspaper on your way back, __________?”
A. will you B. can’t you C. do you D. don’t you
36. The was a terrible accident last night. When I arrived at the scene, __________injured had been taken
away.
A. an B. the C. an D. Ø
37. There was a big party on the__________of the school’s anniversary.
A. opportunity B. occasion C. chance D. incident
38. __________, the communal house was totally fooded.
A. After the typhoon had happened B. By the time the typhoon happens
C. When the typhoon happened D. While the typhoon happening
39. The kids complained and complained when we refused to get a puppy, but we had to put our __________
down.
A. hand B. heart C. foot D. head
40. To mark my last year of being a student, I successfully__________an arduous journey exploring
mountainous areas in the North of Vietnam.
A. gave B. took C. did D. made
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word in each of the following questions.
41. Joey detests going shopping every Saturday, so her brother's responsible for that.
A. hates B. is fond of C. is scared of D. deters
42. Integration and assimilation can help reduce feelings of loss and grief as the migrant starts to
incorporate aspects of the minority of culture.
A. happiness B. disapproval C. discrimination D. sadness
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
43. A. integrate B. national C. assimilate D.
migration
44. A. soldier B. leader C. adopt D. wonder
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair
of sentences in the following questions.
45. Thanks to Lan’s help. I was able to finish the project.
A. Without Lan’s help, I would not be able to finish the project.
B. Had it not been for Lan’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to finish the project.
C. Were it not for Lan’s help, I would be able to finish the project.
D. Should it not be for Lan’s help, I will be able to finish the project.
46. He didn't show up for work. Then, his coworkers started to have doubts.
A. Barely had his coworkers started to have doubts he didn't show up for work
B. No sooner than had he show up for work his coworkers started to have doubts.
C. Only after his coworkers started to have doubts did he show up for work.
D. Not until he hadn’t show up for work did his coworkers start to have doubts.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
47. A. contrary B. graduate C. attendance D. document
48. A. image B. predict C. envy D. cover
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete
each of the following exchanges.
49. Henry: “What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary!” Mary: “__________.”
A. Thank you very much. I am afraid B. You are telling a lie
C. Thank you for your compliment D. I don’t like your sayings
50. Hoa: “Would you mind helping me?” Long: “__________.”
A. No, a problem B. Sure, no problem
C. No, I wouldn’t D. Yes, I would

THE END