1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Introduction

The job of a police officer is one that comes with a

lot of stress and responsibility. These cops must deal with

hazardous situations, hostile suspects, and anxious

bystanders. Line officers have a duty to uphold the law and

obey their superiors. These people have been given enormous

power and are expected to use great caution in how they

exercise that power.

As result, A variety of techniques have been used to

evaluate the personality and any psychopathology displayed

by the officer candidates. The most popular methods for

gathering this data are psychological tests and civil

service interviews. Some researchers claim that this

information can only be found by directly observing

interactions between people in public spaces. There is

growing concern about police brutality as more instances

are covered by the media.

Because they have a key role and authority in relation to

upholding the peace, preserving public security and safety,

and protecting common property for members of the community

and society—all of which are fundamental, physical needs in

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human society—police officers are one of many professions

that are important to the expansion of the nation's

economic and social development. Living in a dangerous and

chaotic environment hinders a society's ability to grow in

many ways. Additionally, the functions and responsibilities

of police officers have a significant impact on how well a

country's infrastructure is developed. Apparently, at the

height of the importance of role of police officers in the

society, there are people who do not recognize the

authority of police officers as well as police officers are

encountering problem within their field.

Every year, the problems that law enforcement must

overcome redefine their line of work. The Philippine

National Police (PNP) is faced with a wide range of issues,

including threats to national security, corruption, and

government.

Statement of the Problem

The general objective of this study is to identify

the Job-Related Problems of Law Enforcement by the Police

Officer.

Specifically, the purpose of this paper was to respond

to the following questions:

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1. How may the profile of the respondents be described in

term of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Civil Status;

1.4 Educational attainment; and

1.5 Years in service?

2. What are the job-related problems encountered by police

officers to their job performance?

3. What are the measures of the police officers to prevent

these job-related problems to their performance?

4. From the findings of the study, what action plan maybe

proposed to improve job-related problems encountered by

police officers and enhance job performance?

Conceptual Framework

The study assessed the well Job-related problems

encountered by police officers in Jaen, Nueva Ecija and its

impact of their job performance. Studies have been done

that claim there are causes of police officer difficulties.

The elements that affect law enforcement on the job

provide police forces with a variety of difficulties, such

as workplace dangers, corruption, and the use of fatal

force. One of the most challenging tasks they must complete

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is serving as a police officer in a multicultural

community.

To further discuss the conceptual framework of the

study, Figure 2 presents the paradigm of the study. The

input deals with the demographic profile of the

respondents, the job-related problems encountered by Police

Officers in Jaen Police station in Nueva Ecija, the

measures of the police officers to prevent these job-

related problems to have an impact to their performance.

The process deals with the distribution of Questionnaire

Checklist Collection of Data, Tabulation of Data,

Statistical Treatment of Data, Evaluation of Data

Interpretation of data and Presentation of data. The output

is the Job-related problems encountered by police officers

in Jaen, Nueva Ecija, counter-measures of the police

officers to prevent these job-related problems and the

implications of the findings of the study to the people of

Jaen.
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Profile of the
 Distribution of
respondents
Questionnaire
Checklist  Enhance
 Job-related  Collection of counter
problems Data measures to
encountered by  Tabulation of present or to
Police Officers in Data lessen job-
Jaen Police  Statistical related
station in Nueva Treatment of problems by
Data
Ecija. the police
 Evaluation of
officers.
Data
 Interpretation
 Counter- of data
measures of the  Presentation of
police officers to data
prevent these job-
related problems
to their
performance

Feedback
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Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

Significance of the Study

The results of the findings of the study are believed

to help significantly the following group of individuals

and organizations.

Community. The results of the study will benefit the

community to interact with right action to the PNP

Personnel to increase their level of job satisfaction. Upon

resolving Job-Related Problems of Law Enforcement

Philippine National Police. The results of the study

will give them a chance to impart their Job-Related

Problems of Law Enforcement to the PNP organization so that

others may be encourage more to do all their job in the PNP

or helps them to perform well on their duties.

Criminology Students. The results of the study will

help the criminology students to have more determination in

becoming a PNP officers based on the promotion, salaries

and benefits received by the PNP officers.

Future Researchers. The results of the study can be an

inspiration. The researchers are hoping that future

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researchers conduct this study not only in their place but

in other countries as well. This can also spark some ideas

for the future researchers on what to study to conduct.

Scope and Limitation of the study

This study assessed the Job-Related Problems of Law

Enforcement and its impact by the Police Officer. The study

was conducted in Jaen, Nueva Ecija. The data collected was

gathered from the sixty-seven (54) PNP officers in Jaen

Police Station. The respondent was selected through

purposive sampling and used survey questioners as the main

instrument of the study and used descriptive research

design.

The study was conducted for a period of two academic

semester from September 2022 to March 2023.

Review of Literature

Foreign Literature

The Republic of Kenya (2018) defines a detained person

as someone who has had their freedom restricted by a legal

authority, whether it be a law enforcement officer for the

purposes of an investigation into a crime, a private

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individual where there is a reasonable suspicion that a

crime has been committed, or a person under the de facto

control of a judicial, administrative, or other authority.

Additionally, John Howard Society (2019) noted in his

essay that the environment within the prison has an impact

on safety and wellness both instantly and over time. Prison

is an unpleasant place.

According to Sundaram & Kumaran, (2012), Members of

the law enforcement community are subjected to an

environment of unpredictability that can cause a variety of

psychosocial and psychological stressors that can evoke

stress in members of this community (Not all stress is

harmful. For example, some individuals use stress to

empower their need to exceed limitations

According to Balu (2019) Stress affects everyone, yet

few people understand what causes it, how it develops, how

it affects their bodies, and how they can be more effective

in managing their stress. When stress is unrelenting and

out of control, it is a villain that causes unhappiness,

sickness, and even death. While great progress has been

made over the years in the study and treatment of law

enforcement stress, this progress has been running equally

strong with increased pressures placed on police officers

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It is supported by Loose (2021) that the police

officers will experience various kinds of stress, alike

other workers, such as fire fighters, nurses, etc., they

are likely to experience a different type of stress called

critical incident stress or CIS.

It is very important that the resources be both sensitive

to the needs of the affected police officers. From an

individual’s perspective it has been said that stress-

related problem can be prevented in basically two ways: a)

by eliminating the source(s) of the stress and (2) by

learning how to deal with stressful conditions before they

lead to problems.

According to Baqutayan (2015) stress can be

debilitating by causing negative effects that can limit the

quality of mental and physical functioning. When this

occurs, the effects of distress (e.g., feelings associated

with anxiety, fear, agitation, or excessive worry) can

occur. Individuals who work in an environment that involves

direct and engaging interaction with people (e.g.q, law

enforcement, education, and public administration) are more

likely to become vulnerable to the effects of work-related

stressors. Within these environments, stress could be best

understood because of examining the environment, nature of

the stressor, and the individual’s vulnerability to stress.

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According to Mallucio, (2009) Police officers in line

of duty especially those who encounter stressful experience

often prone to stress related health deficit because they

can feel the loss and hardship that other people

encountered.Since they also have families, then they could

feel the loss, the pain and the hardship that incident

brings.

Lambert, Qureshi, Hogan et al. (2015) stated that

it is already an established reality that police officers

are under pressure and strain, which is unequal to any

career. When compared to other professionals, more than 80%

of the police officers in the United States working in

urban departments reported experiencing work-related stress

than other professionals.

Patterson, Chung, & Swan, (2014). Due to this pressure,

law enforcement officers suffer a 75% divorce rate, 25%

alcohol abuse, and at worse have a suicide rate that is six

times more than that of the average population.

Local Literature

According to the study of Flores-Barolo, M. G., &

Vicente, J. B. (2019) prisons were intended to deter

criminality, but their track record has not been promising.

All Person Deprived with Liberty experience the pain of

incarceration in various ways. Losing contact with friends

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and family outside of jail may be a major factor in the

development of depression in some PDLs. There is also the

worry that PDLs will deteriorate as a result of the lack of

personal freedom in the jail setting. They may lose the

capacity to think independently and freely make decisions

after spending a long time being taught what to do.

Moreover, to rehabilitate and discourage someone from

committing a crime is the goal of jail. The experiences of

person deprived of liberty, however, demonstrate that

incarceration has a more devastating effect on the inmates,

starting with the loss of liberty and extending to the loss

of their families. Their experiences inside the prison have

had a significant impact on how they will spend their lives

moving forward.

According to Acquadro Maran et al. (2018), the main

stressors of police officers are often associated with

organizational and operational factors. For example,

extreme conditions could be a result of hostile work

environments as well as shortages of functioning equipment.

The problem that this study addressed is the significant

amounts of stress that police officers experience in their

work. Much of the research has focused on stress variations

between genders with limited analysis examining the

differences as reported by officers in different locations.

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More research is needed to determine whether there are

differences in the work-related stressors for police

officers working in different geographic locations (Tasi et

al., 2017). Therefore, studies may help fill this gap by

adding to the knowledge base on the phenomenon under

investigation. In addition, research has been called for in

examining the variations of work-related stressors between

the police working in different geographic locations in law

enforcement

According to Reyes (2017) Stress among police officers

could also result in other adverse health outcomes. Tan

(2019) admitted that that police officers who have severe

stress have increased chances of developing mental illness,

and vice versa. The authors aimed to identify the impact of

stress among police officers, specifically, the health and

behavioral outcomes associated with stress

According to Guansin (2018) both stress and excessive

anger negatively impact public well-being this body of

findings could therefore provide empirical justification

regarding the need to ensure that police officers are

dealing with their stress and excessive anger effectively.

Therefore, workplace interventions for police officers

should be further developed in order to effectively deal

stress and anger levels of police officers, as well as

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maintaining their energy levels in order to enhance their

own well-being, and the public well-being

In this case, according to Luna (2016) there are

factors of physical environment, anger levels, social

stress, and self-expression should be taken into

consideration to ensure police officers’ needs are met and

stress levels are duly addressed. Police officers are at a

high risk of developing negative health issues due to the

regular occurrence of occupational stress. This is

especially true given the fact that police officers are

vulnerable to the stress-provoking environment of their

jobs; therefore, they are more susceptible in developing

chronic police stress and diseases

Romasanta (2018) notes several interesting findings

about police suicides. First, he states that police

officers are more likely than workers in any other

profession to commit suicide. Second, police officers are

two times more likely to die by their own handgun than in

the line of duty Also, police officers are six times more

susceptible to suicide when compared to the general 9

population

An interesting note, Diaz (2018) explains that the

officers who commit suicide are often found by their fellow

police officers. This causes the statistics on police

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suicides to be skewed because the police may manipulate the

scene in a way that makes it look like the death occurred

in a nonsuicidal way to create an alternative scenario for

the family’s sake. In further examination of police stress,

depression, and suicide,

Santos (2021) discuss police stress in relation to

sources of stress, history of departmental help, and a

project called Project Shield created to further probe

police stress. Results indicate a potential to help

stressed police officers by acting in a proactive way to

better assist police officers in need. Even though all

officers may not be subjected to violence, traumatic

events, or high stress levels, many officers experience

high stress levels and negative events involving loss of

life.

In the study of Ahmad (2017) entitled “ Stress of

Police Officers” he found out that the police profession,

is categorized as a type of job that is very stress-prone

Stress experienced by the Police can come from physical,

social, psychological, political and economic, it can also

be stressors a work stressor such as excessive workload,

low salary, lack of facilities, non-conducive work

environment, risk of life while on duty, work routines and

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so on .Members of the Police are prone to experience work

stress whatever the field or function it carries out.

In the study of Colens (2019) “Work Stress of Police

Officers” he found out that the Work stress on the Police

can be triggered by many things, some of which are work and

task factors, family factors, and, more importantly,

economic factors. In terms of working hours, Police usually

have working hours of up to 24 hours and exceed the

standard working hours of 8 hours per day

Additionally the study of Putra & Mulyadi, (2018)

entitled” Night Experinece of Police officers and Problems”

found out that Police who work on the shift night tend to

experience higher work stress compared to workers who do

work on the shift morning This shows those police officers

who work late into the night have a tendency to experience

high work stress. Viewed from the family factor, police

officers are judged to lack time quality to spend their

activities with family. Meanwhile, in terms of income or

salary, police officers are said to get a salary that is

classified as sufficient, but this income factor can be a

very risky thing when the duties of police officers are

able to threaten their mental and physical health

In the study of Firmana & Hariyono, (2016). Entitled”

Police job Problems” They found out that the consequences

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caused by stress work experienced by members of the police

force can result in events that violate the police code of

ethics. Based on data obtained from the Public Relations

Center of Communication and Information Polda Metro Jaya,

the consequences of work stress on police members include

alcoholism, suicide, and even murder of others. they also

added that Work stress is a human reaction to external

stimuli; both social, occupational, environmental, and

psychological factors which are considered threats. Work

stress includes an emotional assessment of the perceived

difference between the job demands of work with a person's

ability to carry out the demands of the job. Work stress is

an unpleasant situation that interferes with the

performance of tasks and individual performance created due

to all demands, changes, and burdens that exist in a job.

And in the study of Walhad (2021) causes of Stress of

Police Officers Detailed” he found out that he results

indicated that high work effort was associated with higher

levels of burnout while job rewards and health-oriented

leadership were associated with lower levels of burnout.

Additionally, health-oriented leadership buffered the

effects of work effort on police officers’ burnout levels

while job rewards showed no buffering effect. The results

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emphasize the importance of leadership for health promotion

in policing.

In the study of Cayanga (2018) entitled “Job Related

Problem of PNP officers in Pangasinan’ he found out that

Law enforcement is a stressful occupation with both work-

related and social-related stressors. Too much stress can

negatively affect behaviours, mental states, and job

performance. Centralized police organizations limit

officers’ individual autonomy, likely increasing stress.

More work-related stressors were rated higher for the

younger Russian officers, while more social-related

stressors were rated higher for the older Serbian officers.

Results suggest that it is vital to consider officers’

stress sources and overall stress levels.

Rayo et al. (2016) presented similar findings in his

study Symptoms of Stress” as that of Fekedulegn et al.

(2017) and Aytac (2015). The authors noted that there is a

significant relationship between symptoms of stress and

excessive anger. That is, police stress is often

experienced within a context of excessive anger; this of

which is vital to address given that officer well-being

decreases as a result of stress and excessive anger.

Santos. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional study,

entitled “Anxiety and Stress of Police Officers”, the

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results of the study reported that of police officers had

some form of stress wherein police officers reported severe

stress, police officers reported moderate stress levels,

and police officers reported mild levels.

Diaz and Romaanta (2016) in their study “ Stress and

Coping Styles of Police Officers” examined the relationship

between work situations, coping styles, and mental health

among police officers. Nelson and Smith initially tested

whether work situations and/or characteristics impact

police officers’ mental health, mainly 33 through job

stress and job satisfaction .Analyzing the data from 134

police officers using hierarchical regression, the results

of the study showed that negative work situations and/or

characteristics, lower levels of positive work factors and

work support and emotion-focused coping styles were linked

to heightened levels of mental health problems such as

depression Also, findings revealed that negative work

characteristics and emotion focused coping result to police

officers having and developing anxiety and further stress.

Malimba et al. (2019) in their study “ Operational Stress

of PNP Officers in handling Crminal Cases “ he found out

that among the stress they experienced were due to non-

participation of Victims , Lack of immediate contact with

the LGUs, Public Attorney’s Office (PAO) or any member of

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the Philippine bar,and/or the media (for drug cases),Unable

to encourage the participation of, but not limited to, the

Local Government Units (LGUs), Civil Society Groups, Non-

Governmental Organizations (NGOs), business organizations,

other civic groups, media and other stakeholders during the

conduct of arrest , None participation of the civilians and

the presence of the media in the conduct of arrest as

observers to give police additional eyes and promote

transparency of activities in the area, VIP and political

intervention in the case handled

In the study of Reyes (2018) entitled “Institutional Stress

Experienced by Investigative Police Officers in Handling

Criminal Cases” he found out that among the stress that

included in their institution are the following:

Intervention of high-ranking officials to the cases

handled, Lack of working vehicles to use in police

operations, Misunderstanding among coworkers, too many

meetings and seminars to attend too neglecting performance

or duty in handling criminal cases, Lack of funds to use in

police operations

In the study of Bautista (2019) “Different stressor of

PNP in Handling Investigative Department “he found out that

police officers’ stress levels, frequency of stressful

events (stressors), and work characteristics lead to poor

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sleep quality in various ways. The authors recommended the

following Talking to their superior about the intervention

of high-ranking officials to the cases handled, Tapping the

help of private entities to provide them with vehicles to

use in their police works, make way for reconciliation

among coworkers, conduct time management between police

works and seminars to attend, Obtain the help of LGU and

private entities for extension of support in their police

operations.

Relevance of the Reviewed Literatures and Studies to the

Present Study

This review of related literature and studies of

disaster preparedness will introduce the reader to the

available research done on Job Related Problems.

All of the reviews literatures and studies have

similarity with the present study.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following

terms are operationally defined.

Job Related Problems. The term refers to the different

problems that the PNP officers are experiencing n the

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conduct of their performance in the Municipality of Jaen,

Nueva Ecija.

Job. Refers to the work of the police officers in

jaen. Primarily enforcing the law

Job Performance. Refers to the status or level of

competence of the PNP personnel in Jaen Municipal Police

Station.

Impact. It refers to the possible outcome of the job-

related problems that the PNP are experiencing.

Measures Implemented. The term refers to the solutions

that the PNP officers are applying to lessen the job-

related problems.

Police Officers. Refers to law enforcers that promotes

peace keeping and serving and protecting the community.

Profile. The term refers to the distinctive

characteristics of the respondents in terms of age, gender,

etc. in which the researchers believe has bearing in the

problem under study

Problems. refers to the factors that Jaen police

officers had been encountered.

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CHAPTER II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter illustrates and discusses the

quantitative methods and procedures that will be utilized

in gathering data for this study.

Research Design

The research design used by the researchers was

descriptive method of research by using questionnaire

checklists to know the Level of Implementation of Job-

related problems encountered by police officers in Jaen

Nueva Ecija Descriptive method of research defined as the

data fact-finding with adequate interpretation and the true

meaning of the data collected from the point of view of the

objective and assumption of the research. It can be used in

multiple ways and for various reasons. Descriptive method

of research is useful in conducting research that aimed to

identify the characteristics, frequencies, trends,

correlations and categories. Descriptive method of research

was used in this study considering it is the most

appropriate method in conducting the research. (Bunag et.

al., 2022)

Respondents
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The respondents of the study were the police officers

of Jaen police station who answered the questionnaires

which gave necessary information to answer questions in the

statement of the Problem. The population of Jaen police

station officers’ totals 54 polices, 51 of them are male

and 3 of them are female who were all participants in

answering the questionnaire.

The researchers chose police officers as the

respondents of the study because they are more

knowledgeable about the job-related problems encountered by

police officers which made them the right persons to

provide the data needed in this study.

Research Locale

The Municipality of Jaen (Tagalog: Bayan ng Jaen), is

a second-class municipality in the Philippine province of

Nueva Ecija. It has 79,189 residents, according to the 2020

census.

In the past, Gapan City's component barrios included

the Municipality of Jaen, San Isidro, and San Antonio. Jaen

was referred to as "Ibayong Ilog" back then since it was

located just across the river from the town of Gapan. The

local term meaning "across the river" is ibayong Ilog.

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Ibayong Ilog and San Antonio were two of the barrios that

made up San Isidro after it was carved out of Gapan to

become a town. Ibayong Ilog joined San Antonio much later

when the latter was created as a city.

The location of the study’s completion and conduct is

indicated below the map for better understanding of the

Study’s setting.

To further illustrate the setting of the study, figure 2

presents the map where the study conducted.

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Figure 2. Map of Jaen

Research Instrument

The main instrument used in the study is the

questionnaire checklists which is formulated by the

researcher. Questionnaire checklist refers to a set of

printed or written questions with a choice of answers,

devised for the purposes of survey or statistical study.

The instrument that was used is a structured or self-

constructed questionnaire developed by the researcher which

consist of items that the selected respondents have to

answer in a set format.

The instrument is composed of three (3) parts in the

checklist wherein it involves the profile of the

respondents, sub-problem number 2 and sub-problem 3.

Part I of the questionnaire checklists deals with the

profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, civil

status, educational attainment, years in service.

Part II Composed the statements about the level of

implementation of job-related problems is the encountered

by police officer in Jaen

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Part III contains the counter-measures of the police

officers to prevent these job-related problems to their

performance

The scores of the respondents were interpreted

depending on the value of their ratings when answering the

questionnaire. Responses were interpreted as strongly agree

if the mean ranges from 3.5o to 4.00, agree the mean ranges

from 2.50 to 3.49, disagree if the mean ranges from 1.49 to

249, and strongly disagree if the mean ranges from 1.00 to

1.49.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher asked for permission for the approval

of this research study through a series of recommendations

and healthy criticisms from the adviser during the title

proposal. The research adviser allowed the researcher to

float the questionnaire checklist.

The researcher draft a questionnaire checklist to

present to their research adviser for comments, corrections

and suggestions. Then it was presented to the panel for its

validity, enhancing its improvement to come up with the

final revision. As the researcher finished their revised

questionnaire checklists, the researcher proposed and

checked a letter of request to the research adviser for

 28

approval to gather data and another for the respondents.

The request letter was given to the head of police officers

of Jaen Police Station.

Upon approval of the request letter and before

administering the main tool in the conduct of the study,

the researcher oriented the respondents about the

questionnaire for them to be informed about the purpose of

the study. The researcher personally gave the questionnaire

to the respondents and guide them in answering the

questions in the questionnaire-checklist. After one week of

answering and accomplishing the questionnaire by the

respondents, it was immediately collected and retrieved by

the researcher.

Moreover, after the collection of questionnaire

checklist from the target respondents, the responses had

undergone computation and tabulation, then the data was

interpreted and used statistical treatment. After the

researcher manage to interpret the data, The researcher

summarized the findings, then the researcher made their

conclusions based on the findings or results. And lastly,

the researcher came up with some recommendations which is

based on the conclusions of the study.

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Statistical Treatment of Data, the following statistical

formula was used

The researchers summarized and analyzed the responses

of the respondents upon gathering the questionnaire.

1. For the Socio-Demographic Profile of Respondents, the

following statistical formula was used:

The data on the questionnaire checklists that deals

with the socio-demographic profile of respondents used the

frequency and percentage distribution of responses. The

data gathered were computed, discussed, and analyzed for

significant findings (Parreño, et. al., 2006).

Frequency Distribution. It is a statistical procedure

that involves listing all possible measures of variable and

tallied each datum on the listing. This is done by

categorizing and tabulating the frequency of each

occurrence.

Percentage. utilized by the researchers to get the

proportion of part of the whole.

Formula:

f
%= x 100
n
Where
% = Percent of frequency
 30

f = Frequency
N = Total of respondent

2. For the job-related problems encountered by police

officers to their job performance and measures of the

police officers to prevent these job-related problems to

their performance , weighted mean was used:

Weighted mean. This will be used by multiplying the

weight or probability associated with a specific event or

outcome by the quantitative outcome and then summing the

results. It is extremely useful when calculating a

theoretically expected outcome where each outcome has a

different probability of occurring, which is the key

difference between the weighted mean and the arithmetic

mean.

Formula:

WM = TWF
N
Where:
WM = Weighted mean
WF = Total Weight Formula
N =Total number of respondents

3. Ranking

This statistical treatment is also utilized to discuss

positional advantages. Ranking is the placement of an item

 31

in a category of more or less that the same item. It simply

says that one is higher than the other.

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CHAPTER III

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of data

This chapter provides the presentation of statistical

data relative to the problems as earlier posited.

Corresponding analysis and interpretation regarding these

data were also presented in this portion of the study.

Table 1 Presented the demographic profile of the

respondents as to their age.

There are 28 to 51% whose ages ranges from 41 years and

above, rank 2 is 36-40 years old with 15 or 28% and rank 3

is 31-35 years old with 11 or 21%.

The findings revealed that majority of the PNP personnel

are matured enough to answer the problem under study,

Findings shows that majority of the respondents have an

average age of 36-40 years old. A matured enough PNP

officers and a clear manifestation that they are skilled

and knowledgeable enough to answer the problem being posed

in terms of the Job-Related Problems of Law Enforcement and

impact by the Police Officer.

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Table 1.1

Distribution of respondents in terms of Age

Age Frequency % Rank

31-35 years old 11 21% 3

36-40 years old 15 28% 2

41 years old and above 28 51% 1

Total 54 100%

Table 1.2 Presents the distribution, frequency, Percentage

and rank of participants in terms of Gender.

As to their gender, there are 51 or 94% males and rank

2 is females with 3 or 6% majority of the respondents are

males, it implies that PNP organization is dominated by

males, as they are also assigned to handle the different

stressful activities and other job related to their

performance as police officers.

Table 1.2

Distribution of Respondents in terms of Gender

Gender Frequency % Rank

Male 51 94% 1

Female 3 6% 2

Total 54 100%
 34

Table 1.3 Presents the frequency, percentage and rank in

terms of civil status of the respondents.

As to their civil status, rank 1 is married with 41 or

76% and rank 2 is single with 13 or 24%. Finding revealed

that majority of PNP personnel are already married, they

are reflection of people who can withstand to any stressful

job and sacrifices themselves for any job related to the

PNP just for the sake of their family

Table 1.3

Distribution of Respondents in terms of Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency % Rank

Single 13 24% 2

Married 41 76% 1

Total 54 100%

Table 1.4 Presents the frequency, percentage and rank in

terms of the Educational Attainment of the respondents.

In terms of their educational attainment, rank 1 is

college graduate with 54 or 100%.

This clearly shows that respondents were knowledgeable

enough to know their responsibility as PNP personnel.

Baccalaureate degree is also requirement as to provisions

of RA. 9708.
 35

Table 1.4

Distribution of respondents in terms of Educational

Attainment

Educational Attainment Frequency % Rank

College Graduate 54 100% 1

Total 54 100%

Table 1.5 Presents the frequency, percentage and rank in

terms of the Year of Service.

In their years in service, rank 1 is 1-5 years or more

with 23 or 43 %, rank 2 is 11-15 years with 17 or 31%, rank

3 is 6-10 years with 8 or 14% and rank 4 is 1-5 years with

6 or 12%. It showed that PNP officers have long years in

the service, this implies that they are well equipped with

skills and efficient in their performance as police

officers.

Table 1.5

Distribution of Respondents in terms of Years of Service

Years of Service Frequency % Rank

1-5 years 6 12% 4

6-10 years 8 14% 3

11- 15 years 17 31% 2

15 years or more 23 43% 1

Total 54 100% -
 36

Table 2 Presents the weighted mean, verbal interpretation,

and ranking in terms of Job-related problems encountered by

police officers in Jaen Nueva Ecija.

On the job-related problems encountered by police

officers, with an average mean of 3.46 and interpreted as

Agree, the highest mean assessment was on the police office

rarely comes home to meet and bond with their families with

3.52 and interpreted as Strongly Agree and the lowest mean

assessment was on the police officers’ encounters problem

with their colleagues that sometimes cause an argument with

weighted mean of 3.38 and interpreted as Agree.

It implies that majority of the PNP officers regarding

job related problems is their too much works in the

stations causing them experienced stress and also missing

their family and they rarely comes home to bond with their

family, added to this is the erring civilians who opposes

to their application of law causing them problems in

dealing with them.

 37

Table 2

Job-related problems encountered by police officers in Jaen

Nueva Ecija

Statement WM VI Rank
1. The police office rarely comes home
3.52 SA 1
to meet and bond with their families
2. The workplace of the police officer
is far away from their respective 3.45 A 3.5
home
3. The police officers’ encounters
problem with their colleagues that 3.38 A 9
sometimes cause an argument
4. The police officers often encounter
problems with the civilian that does
3.48 A 2
not believe on the process of the
authority
5. Intervention of high-ranking
3.39 A 7.5
officials to the cases handled
6. Lack of working vehicles to use in
3.45 A 3.5
police operations
7. Misunderstanding among co workers 3.43 A 5
8. Too many meetings and seminars to
attend too neglecting performance or 3.40 A 6
duty in handling criminal cases
9. Lack of funds to use in police
3.39 A 7.5
operations
TWM/OVI 3.43 A
 38

Table 3 Presents the weighted mean, verbal interpretation,

and ranking in terms Measures made to Minimize or Prevent

the Problems Encountered.

On the measures made to minimize or prevent the

problems encounters by the police officers with an overall

mean of 3.27 and interpreted as agree. Based on the

following assessment, the ranked one, such as the police

should have given an extra off to their duty to have more

time with their families, a weighted mean of 3.57 and

interpreted as Strongly Agree. The second-ranked; Obtain

the help of LGU and private entities for extension of

support in their police operations; a weighted mean of 3.35

and interpreted as a Agree. The ranked three point five,

such as the police officers should have a weekly assessment

or evaluation about their feelings towards their colleagues

to ensure that no resentment is made to each other and make

way for reconciliation among co-workers, a weighted mean of

3.30 and interpret as a Agree. The ranked four, the

civilian or the people that does not believe on the right

process of the authority should have been forcefully attend

to a seminar in order for them to understand the authority

 39

a weighted mean of 3.23 and interpret as a Agree. The

ranked five is Tapping the help of private entities to

provide them with vehicles to use in their police works. A

weighted mean of 3.22 and interpreted as Agree. The ranked

sixth is; Conduct time management between police works and

seminars to attend with a weighted mean of 3.20 and

interpreted as a Agree. The ranked seven; Talking to their

superior about the intervention of high-ranking officials

to the cases handled. A weighted mean of 3. 14 and

interpreted as a Agree. The ranked eight; The workplace of

the police officer should be not so far away to their

respective homes, a weighted mean of 3.12 and interpret as

Agree. The ranked nine is; The lack of education and

vocational training opportunities in the jail environment

can limit inmate potential and contribute to the

development of PDLs behavior. Inmates may feel frustrated

and lack purpose with a weighted mean of 3.2 and

interpreted as Agree. The ranked ten; PDLs which may be

exposed to violent behavior from other inmates, leading to

an increased likelihood of involvement in such behavior

themselves, with a weighted mean of 3.14 and interpreted as

Agree.
 40

Table 3

Measures made to Minimize or Prevent the Problems

Encountered

Statement WM VI Rank
1. The police should have given an extra
off to their duty to have more time 3.57 SA 1
with their families
2. The workplace of the police officer
should be not so far away to their 3.12 A 9
respective homes
3. The police officers should have a
weekly assessment or evaluation about
their feelings towards their 3.30 A 3.5
colleagues to ensure that no
resentment is made to each other
4. The civilian or the people that does
not believe on the right process of
the authority should have been 3.23 A 5
forcefully attend to a seminar in
order for them to understand the
authority
5. Talking to their superior about the
intervention of high-ranking 3.14 A 8
officials to the cases handled
6. Tapping the help of private entities
to provide them with vehicles to use 3.22 A 6
in their police works
7. Make way for reconciliation among co 3.30 A 3.5
workers
8. Conduct time management between 3.20 A 7
 41

police works and seminars to attend

9. Obtain the help of LGU and private
entities for extension of support in 3.35 A 2
their police operations
TWM/OVI 3.27 A

CHAPTER IV

Summary Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary of findings, and the

corresponding conclusion derived in the conduct of the

study. It also provides recommendations that could be

pursued by the researchers.

Summary of Findings

Profile of the Respondents

The profile of the respondents be described in terms

of the following:

The age of the respondents is mostly 41 years old and

above. The sex of the respondents is mostly male. Mostly

the respondents are married. The majority educational

attainment of the respondents is college graduate. Most of

the respondents are in 15 years of service.

Job-related problems encountered by police officers in Jaen

Nueva Ecija
 42

On the job-related problems encountered by police

officers, with an average mean of 3.43 and interpreted as

Agree, the highest mean assessment was on the police office

rarely comes home to meet and bond with their families with

3.52 and interpreted as strongly agree and the lowest mean

assessment was on the police officers encounters problem

with their colleagues that sometimes cause an argument with

weighted mean of 3.38 and interpreted as agree.

Measures made to Minimize or Prevent the Problems

Encountered

On the measures made to minimize or prevent the problems

encounters by the police officers with an overall mean of

3.27 and interpreted as agree, the highest mean assessment

was on the police should have given an extra off to their

duty to have more time with their families with 3.57 in

mean and interpreted as strongly agree and the lowest mean

assessment was on the workplace of the police officer

should be not so far away to their respective homes with

3.12 in mean and interpreted as agree.

Conclusions

On the light of the findings of the study,

researchers concluded the following:

 43

1. Majority of the PNP officers have ages ranging 41 years

and above male, married, and college graduate with 15

years or more in the service.

2. The result that majority of the PNP officers considered

job related problems as their too much works in the

stations causing them to experience stress and also

missing their family because they rarely come home to

bond with their family. Added to this is the erring

civilians who opposes to their application of law

causing them problems in dealing with them.

3. It showed that in order to minimize the problem

experience by the PNP officers, they implement some

measures like additional day off for the PNP officers

so that they may have strength to go on with their job

also they have a weekly assessment or evaluation about

their feelings towards their colleagues to ensure that

no resentment is made to each other.

Recommendations:

The following are recommended:

1. Prior rest and other stress reliever activities should be

conducted by the PNP in order to minimize the stress and

fatigue of PNP officers attending to their job.

2. The PNP organization should initiate weekly programs that

may ease the stress experienced by all PNP officers in

 44

their performance of job like mini concerts and sports

program

3. Enhance the current counter-measures to address the

concerns.

4. That another study should be conducted in order to fully

determine the job-related stress of the PNP in other

areas.

Chapter V

References

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educational research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and

Bacon.

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020.1776280
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Harper, D. (2011, November). Police, Sheriff and Custom

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Galino, Rodrigo B. (2012). Role Performance of the Police

and the Community as Correlates of Police Community

Relations. Unpublished MPA Thesis: Baguio College

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Tayawa, M. (2013). Effectiveness of Koban Policing System

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detail.pl?biblionumber=1134
 49

APPENDICES
 50

APPENDIX A
 51

APPENDIX A

Francia, Nilriel A.
Sanggalang San Francisco, San Antonio, Nueva Ecija
0993-482-0374
nilaicnarf@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: November 12, 2001

Age: 21
Civil Status: Single
Gender: Male
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: INC

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary: Manuel V Gallego Foundation College

Secondary: Batitang Senior high school
Elementary: Sanggalang San Francisco Elementary School

SEMINARS & TRAINING ATTENDED

-Office of Transportation Security and its Mandate (2022)

-Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Awareness and Bomb Threat Management (2022)

-Seminar on Army Officer Candidate Course and Recruitment (2023)

ORGANIZATIONS:

-Future Law Enforcement Office

 52

APPENDIX B
 53

APPENDIX B

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

“REQUEST LETTER TO GATHER DATA”

March 28, 2023

Acting Chief of Police
PMAJ ROBERT BADUA DE GUZMAN
Jaen Police Station

Good Day Sir.

Greetings

This is to request permission from your good office to allow the undersigned
researchers to conduct their study entitled “Job-Related Problem Encountered by the
Police officers in Jaen Nueva Ecija and its Impact to their Job performance” in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Criminology Research 2 (CRI 194) leading
to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

It will involve the fifty four (54) selected the police officers under your supervision as
respondents. Atatched herewith is the survey questionnaire of this study for your review
and reference.

Rest assured that the data, which shall be obtained will be treaeted with strict
confidentiality and will be used for academic purposes only. They are anticipating for
your favorable consideration and profound gratitude.

Respectfully yours,

Nilriel A. Francia

Noted by:

Dr. Bayani H. Salamanca. RCrim

Thesis Adviser
 54

APPENDIX C
 55

APPENDIX C

Letter to the Respondents

March 28, 2023

Dear Respondents,

The undersigned researchers are presently conducting a study entitled “Job-Related

problem Encountered by the Police officers in Jaen Nueva Ecija and its Impact to their
Job Performance” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject.
Criminological Research 2 (CRI 194) leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology.
In connection with the above, they are requesting your utmost cooperation and support y
answering the herein attached questionnaire checklist.
Rest assured that the data which shall obtained, will be treated with strict confidentiality
and will be used for academic purpose only.

Respectfully yours,

Nilriel A. Francia

Noted by:

Dr. Bayani H. Salamanca. RCrim

Thesis Adviser
 56

APPENDIX D
 57

APPENDIX D
58
 59

APPENDIX E
 60

APPENDIX E

Documentation