Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Test Bank For Memory Foundations and Applications 3rd Edition Schwartz Test Bank 1506326536 9781506326535
Test Bank For Memory Foundations and Applications 3rd Edition Schwartz Test Bank 1506326536 9781506326535
Test Bank For Memory Foundations and Applications 3rd Edition Schwartz Test Bank 1506326536 9781506326535
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. The Olfactory Bulb is the primary organ for processing odors. Information from
the olfactory nerves is carried directly to the:
a. cortex.
b. nose.
c. left brain.
d. right
brain. Ans: a
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Olfaction, Memory, and the Brain
Difficulty Level: Easy
28
Traité de l’Electricité, vol. i. p. 441 (1854).
Diamagnetic Polarity.
37
Art. 2469.
38
Art. 2593, 2601.
Magneto-electric Machines.
The great series of discoveries of which I have had to speak have been
applied in many important ways to the uses of life. The Electric
Telegraph is one of the most remarkable of these. By wires extended to
the most distant places, the electric current is transmitted 624 thither in an
imperceptible time; and by means of well-devised systems of operation,
is made to convey from man to man words, which are now most
emphatically “winged words.” In the most civilised states such wires
now form a net-work across the land, which is familiar to our thoughts as
the highway is to our feet; and wide seas have such pathways of human
thought buried deep in their waves from shore to shore. Again, by using
the chemical effects of electrodynamic action, of which we shall have to
speak in the next Book, a new means has been obtained of copying, with
an exactness unattainable before, any forms which art or nature has
produced, and of covering them with a surface of metal. The Electrotype
Process is now one of the great powers which manufacturing art
employs.
CHEMISTRY.
CHAPTER IX.
T E - T .
MINERALOGY.
B Y the kindness of W. H. Miller, Esq., Professor of Mineralogy in the
University of Cambridge, I am able to add to this part the following
notices of books and memoirs.
1. Crystallography.
Dr. Karl Naumann, who is spoken of in Chap. ix. of this Book, as the
author of the best of the Mixed Systems of Classification, published also
Grundriss der Krystallographie, Leipzig, 1826. In this and other works
he modifies the notation of Mohs in a very advantageous manner. 628
3. Classification of Minerals.
1. Simple Substances.
We have already said that for us, all chemical compounds are
minerals, in so far that they are included in our classifications. The
propriety of this mode of dealing with the subject is confirmed by our
finding that there is really no tenable distinction between native minerals
and the products of the laboratory. A great number of eminent chemists
have been employed in producing, by artificial means, crystals which
had before been known only as native products.
BOOK XVI.
CLASSIFICATORY SCIENCES.
BOTANY.
I may notice, in the first place, (since this work is intended for general
rather than for scientific readers,) Dr. Hooker’s testimony to the value of
a technical descriptive language for a classificatory science—a
Terminology, as it is called. He says, “It is impossible to write Botanical
descriptions which a person ignorant of Botany can understand, although
it is supposed by many unacquainted with science that this can and
should be done.” And hence, he says, the state of botanical science
demands Latin descriptions of the plants; and this is a lesson which he
especially urges upon the Colonists who study the indigenous plants. 632
“P. 386. John Ray. Ray was further the author of the present Natural
System in its most comprehensive sense. He first divided plants into
Flowerless and Flowering; and the latter into Monocotyledonous and
Dicotyledonous:—’Floriferas dividemus in D , quarum
semina sata binis foliis, seminalibus dictis, quæ cotyledonorum usum
præstant, e terra exeunt, vel in binos saltem lobos dividuntur, quamvis
eos supra terram foliorum specie non efferant; et M ,
quæ nec folia bina seminalia efferunt nec lobos binos condunt. Hæc
divisio ad arbores etiam extendi potest; siquidem Palmæ et congeneres
hoc respectu eodem modo a reliquis arboribus differunt quo
Monocotyledones a reliquis herbis.’
“P. 408. Endogenous and Exogenous Growth. The exact course of the
wood fibres which traverse the stems of both Monocotyledonous and
Dicotyledonous plants has been only lately discovered. In the
Monocotyledons, those fibres are collected in bundles, which follow a
very peculiar course:—from the base of each leaf they may be followed
downwards and inwards, towards the axis of the trunk, when they form
an arch with the convexity to the centre; and curving outwards again
reach the circumference, where they are lost amongst the previously
deposited fibres. The intrusion of the bases of these bundles amongst
those already deposited, causes the circumference of the stem to be
harder than the centre; and as all these arcs have a short course (their
chords being nearly equal), the trunk does not increase in girth, and
grows at the apex only. The wood-bundles are here definite. In the
Dicotyledonous trunks, the layers of wood run in parallel courses from
the base to the top of the trunk, each externally to that last formed, and
the trunk increases both in height and girth; the wood-bundles are here
indefinite.
Linnæus first divides Mammals into two groups, as they have Claws,
or Hoofs (unguiculata, ungulata.) But he then again divides them into
six orders (omitting whales, &c.), according to their number of incisor,
laniary, and molar teeth; namely:—
In the place of these, Cuvier, as I have stated in the Philosophy (On the
Language of Sciences, Aphorism xvi.), introduced the following orders:
Bimanes, Quadrumanes, Carnassiers, Rongeurs, Edentés, Pachyderms,
Ruminans. Of these, the Carnassiers correspond to the Feræ of Linnæus;
the Rongeurs to his Glires; the Edentés are a new order, taking the
Sloths, Ant-eaters, &c., from the Bruta of Linnæus, the Megatherium
from extinct animals, and the Ornithorhynchus, &c., from the new
animals of Australia; the Ruminans agree with the 635 Pecora; the
Pachyderms include some of the Bruta and the Belluæ, comprehending
also extinct animals, as Anoplotherium and Palæotherium.
But the two orders of Hoofed Animals, the Pachyderms and the
Ruminants, form a group which is held by Mr. Owen to admit of a better
separation, on the ground of a character already pointed out by Cuvier;
namely, as to whether they are two-toed or three-toed. According to this
view, the Horse is connected with the Tapir, the Palæotherium, and the
Rhinoceros, not only by his teeth, but by his feet, for he has really three
digits. And Cuvier notices that in the two-toed or even-toed Pachyderms,
the astragalus bone has its face divided into two equal parts by a ridge;
while in the uneven-toed pachyderms it has a narrow cuboid face. Mr.
Owen has adopted this division of Pachyderms and Ruminants, giving
the names artiodactyla and perissodactyla to the two groups; the former
including the Ox, Hog, Peccary, Hippopotamus, &c.; the latter
comprehending the Horse, Tapir, Rhinoceros, Hyrax, &c. And thus the
Ruminants take their place as a subordinate group of the great natural
even-toed Division of the Hoofed Section of Mammals; and the Horse is
widely separated from them, inasmuch as he belongs to the odd-toed
division. 42
42
Owen, Odontography.