Chapt

2LtH OStaHc poten Hial

and Capautana

PoenHa j
Elt aic
amount
klecteic pclen Nal pent dogined
Unit tve test
alon Bona bringing
(without accelHaion
Paint
chaxge tem inginiy
(+ic)
R unit posiius
Chusge) Ps
Considt Unit posiHu hage teeit ingini which
P ond congide h intneeiate Point A
be ing mowd Point

distanu X Bom

wOHX don dma Rement /pat AOdx

dw Fo d
dw Fdx cod
Thìs don
dw
Fdx (-I)
R
dw -Fdx

bothRides
TntgmoHn
Ed
coloum6's
law Bo FoHG

KO
 Po ten ta! &nugg
point
poenHial Enugd
amount
wok dont foxu
i de<ined point
change
acceleakan J
B A
R tt
d

whi
Pos+w
CGnsiduy point A
inmediak
point P and Co nsid
e th at

d is tanG

Hhe unit PosiHuo test ch anga

wOHh JonR
maving
A to B
R
dw F" ds

R
w Fdr co A

R
Fd x co&(90

Fdx

R
w kQ9 dx
2

- K09

R
 R

w -Xo

R
Pokn Ha Eng9
w0MK done
This Joule

R Scaler puan H
I+ 's a

poken Hap
total
potuntal Eng4
NOte '
charges
we Bind
Syskm UBO t Uen
UAg t Uac t UAC
Uroat
(paina)
Ve t vDr
Vtotad
(poinke)

cu dipole Paint
Qocatecd
Consídun dipolo wih chong Point
Consid a
Sep anatec by disan
A onc
Cen tee dipoa
R
 Ri

Polenta P dus to
Pxoogs
hnge at A

VPA = Kr

POential

Upg
R

Viokal VpA +

Ku
R

K
R, Ri

Ri

in

42 t R2 - 2a R cO80

- 2a cos
R
R
R dma vale So we
R

RI
R R 2aco80
R

Recipao cate both side

-|2

R R
Ri
 Bino m
R1

R R

a2 4 2 aR cod | 1o - )
R2 2aR (-eoso)

a2

R2 R2 Q2

R2 24 Co80
R

R2
R

R2

bothsice

Ri

bino rmia th

R2 R R

and ) and V+otal

Now ) Put
RT

R
 A

R ( cose) R

a cos
R R

2acoO

K 2a coA

R2

R2

(e) Fo awal point we Put ànd

NOTE
we wiy got Vo'a

Foy Equitomic peint

we wie Got Vegutoni al
and

po tintal dus dipol proponhanal

(iii) The
point pro po4Honal
shiu Po tenkal du to a ch age
to

Relati on blw Eucic patni and &uct uicpaknHa)

R
 poential and
Relaton blw Eletic
an
A ond
Consides Huo Sungaces and Polenta0
A
Let the palenha) dungaus.

VtAV

A to then done
Considex onit Charge
w

Ond We Know

dis plaement
(F e)

By and

-du
 mou tth dotor n of
implied 4hat
The Sign wil
pcknHl
the
poenHat
poknta)
diue tec NOm bigh
te obtginad - Ve X-Moph
EF (an

changd
wOMK done

Thewoux done
mouing
in chags

woHX done in a dipale

Peaad Qn ang e
(o nsiden a dipole
otoed by anga

Bmau done dipoo

both cde

dw Tdo

PESin ede
 COsO F (-cos0

PE [
Lu PE ( coA8i - (ob0F

dipoJe
degina d the amoont a done

paxti cuta angl Hientoion whe the dipo

- P

- PE ( Cos F - o)
Ue- PE (cosOF)
- P.

at Evoy point which

n &ome
Swrlau ConSJon} PoknHal
he pointe 3a mu valy
lie n h

eleuic al Po knHal.
 classmate
GveN equipoknHal Date
moua'g a

Zuo.
Page

Equipti Epatu &q wporn u

PHopuHto 6
alwayd
An
equipoen Haf
<txong
eah
dewn
intocse ct tah
duya ced an
Tuwo
ineSet be
tecae
Which not Posuibl
Po kn Hal | peins

Tgps
Equipoten hal Swaes
his équipoten ial
a point Chage Fou
ciHle.
dawn

An Cqw po len t a dipcle

fon dipou
dHawn

+
 a hangs equi polen hal

oqwpokn Hal

dhawn Paralll.

the Candto
changaiwayi
Ef
This that intulo Cend adaH.

Fof fnside Con du ctoH s Ond his

tondutoA also e ctuoStoic (objet pyyt
onside the hos ow metel (Ondutor
shding
nom ertunal EaF

that
dwing Qrghtening)
 eondut
Fotaday eage)

in h
Th EE
fun7a
dixion and
Lhange lhih
then
Hho Junthae.

Unj veUoH
E
moun g normauy

Bahauiou in on

(ihen polan dieuHÌCA when poli plau d

f. in an EoF then mouu get +0 EF

they Qtat behaio behauing dipos.

E F

Dilaoalcs
o Eo F

Etnal the Lu}au acquis

AbHU appying.
white uig ht Buau
Change
an atosi a cipole (inducs)
changU

Poln claleecid betato Gehaves

Pola DieleGoica
btthu
dipole tha

y dieion.
 fotar diemea
Pota
PHAenu
absene

Potan
cliectAycs
molews
AGH Extn al
appigrng dilsu
Hhu eiHeHon E ond the
aignedl dipo u nomt n
no t poR anised hawng
Unit vol
net dipoe
poarisaHon.
dieltc
Fox Iinut sotro p
P PoRunisaHon

P= AE Sus cepistibiitt
7ield

a
mqyial is
NoTS The
&tactui cal Sus coptibin
ndica te deg e
whih
dagined poanis atHon, induad
elltic to

momen1
dipoly
E.F

4
Ein duud

This EF appos d
Enet E.nduudt
Einduuet (ons tarnt
dicu
 NOT
Fo condu to

Enduted

E thducd

that E.F insido

om

fhe (ond uLloH

Tsotopic Aisotopic
Natial whoca Ualle whose
8ame ons to n t
vaniab whn meaid
ditun
dixufon diHvunt diron

polential to Points insicds

ths conduUoH ance

E.F Insido conduo in

(aoph V R conduwon RMom len tHe

DreleutHiC Polanisahon
A matení al whih doesnt C ondut
uetnuy (thuough cuhc

hanges which COnnot 8tow) dielectyi

DielectiA but
dastrtred
nte typs
diest dreleicA whih behauo dpou n alsnu
(?) Potan

E
diegnuic Whih loesn+
polar
 CC
ond
ondlor
Date

am
o t n
Page

ma
etr l a l o

capouBoM,
cleunco plats by
conduong and
Condist 0qual
It
Plates
and the

Oppose Chges ta Ho
daj1ned
plats
PotnHal diyvtonta
the
t0
capacioH dip1nds
chacge
blw tha
medium
dieletic abMnq fh tha
mcdium.
t o l a te wlth ou

that the matoia

Jtant Jaak thN ougb
charge
insulahng propoty
wiu
medium. capaâio
diHuunt Hyps
many
Ca PaUto
parle plae

Plate
Capas to4.
Paralle
Conside dìstane
Sepatakd b4 the
8uch Hhat

C«pautO4
Ca Pau}Qnco du Peralle)

(ap aitantt banad ()

 Capau to
Capauto depend
n mediUm
cistanc and

dpend
Puinupl th at (opainu
The
conduUOt (an 3rgnißican "4
cOndUH
Unhanged Santh

Dielettaic
Capautnu.

Capautenca the P oTale CapauA

A

d-t + tiR
+

metel SLab (R = ) d
Aeo
=
AEo
d-t

2 seap OCCupied Augion (a=t)

d-t t d|R

Ih th
s ta Fe (t =0)

el- t tt/R
 Com bi ngon capaito1
Como|ng Ho CQp a i to Safd
Combinaten Whe n we Can

(HOm pelnt On ah thuough path

Cht Same eapau toH 4

Capau to H asta Sad to be

Combinaton The
CambinaHon

peint Onohe 8xom diyont path

capau o

Stos n a Capaeuto.
knutgy
U l 2 Cv 2

Jinsiy capgutOH
2toned tu
(s duyined to tal put
CapautoA, enegy dgnsiy Enotgy capautoH

Uot. Axd