WELCOME TO

CONTEMPORARY
ARTS 12
 UNIT I
MODULE 3
Various Contemporary Art
Forms
OBJECTIVES:
• a. Identify the various contemporary art form
• b. Identify the major periods, artists and artworks of
Philippine art history
• c. Define contemporary art by situating these within
Philippine art.
• d. Illustrate local example of contemporary arts through an
interview or
• through a place visit.
• e. Distinguish traditional, modern, and contemporary
styles in the visual arts be able to interpret these by
creating a self-portrait.
How do you define

ART ?
 VARIOUS
CONTEMPORARY
ART FORMS
 Contemporary art is the art
of present, which is continuously
in process and in flux. It is what
we call the art of today.
 PRACTICAL ART
This art is intended for practical use
or utility. It is the changing of raw
materials for utilitarian purposes.
However, they must possess ornaments
or artistic qualities to make them useful
and beautiful.
 INDUSTRIAL ARTS
It is the changing of raw materials
into some significant products for
humans like shell craft, bamboo crafts,
leather craft, pottery making, sheet –
metal work and manufacture of
automobiles, home appliances and
televisions set.
APPLIED / HOUSEHOLD
ART
It refers mostly to household
arts such as flower arrangement,
interior decoration, dress making, home
– making, embroidery, cooking and
others.
 CIVIC ART
This art includes city or town
planning, maintenance, and
beautification of parks. This refer to
beautification to improve the standards
of living.
 COMMERCIAL ART
It involves business propaganda
in the form of advertisements in
newspapers and magazines, sign
painting, billboard and announcements,
leaflets, displays, poster designing,
movie illustrations and many more.
 GRAPHIC ART
It is anything printed from
raised or sunken reliefs and plane
surfaces.
 AGRICULTURAL ART
(crop production), horticulture
(garden or orchard cultivation),
husbandry (raising of cows, carabaos,
poultry and swine) and farming.
 BUSINESS ART
This includes merchandising,
accounting, bookkeeping, typewriting,
stenography, salesmanship, and business
administration.
 FISHERY ART
It includes shallow and deep-sea
fishing, fish refrigeration and culture,
net weaving.
 MEDICAL / CLINICAL
ART
It includes first aid treatments,
medical manufacturing, surgery,
medical operation, rehabilitations and
others.
 Art draws inspiration from
the society and at the same time it
honed by the specific conditions
that engendered its production.
PHILIPPINE ART
HISTORY
I. Pre-Colonial Arts /
Ethnic Arts
 In Pre – colonial Philippines, arts are for
ritual purposes or for everyday use. Art of the
ancient Filipinos were woven into the fabric of
everyday life. They do not refer to art as we do
today. That is, as an expression of an individual,
and seen largely in galleries and concert halls.
They do not distinguish forms into different
categories like music, theater, visual arts, etc.
 Everyday expressions were all integrated
within rituals that marked significant
moments in a community’s life, like planting,
harvesting, rites passage, funerary,
ceremonies, weddings, among others.
(crafted from: Faludette May Datulin et. al, 2016. Contemporary Philippine Arts of the Regions p. 15)
But how do arts apply?
When they told stories about the hunt, this form
of oral story telling marked the beginnings of the
literature.
When they imitated movements of the animals
they hunted, this marked the early beginnings of
theater or play acting.
When they learned to add drum beating and
attach rhythm to their movements, they have
given birth to music and dance.
 The pre- colonial peoples of the
Philippines already possessed a varied
and vibrant musical culture.
 Musical Instruments

Flutes Pipes Zithers

Agong

Kudyapi Percussion
Gansa

Kulintang
 Native Dance Forms

Is mimetic of the
movements of the
sea birds
PANGALAY DANCE
(Sulu)
 Native Dance Forms

is imitating the
movements of
predatory birds.
MANDAYA’ KINABUA,
BANOG
 Native Dance Forms

that is used for

courtship is
mimetic of the
movements of
wild fowls.
TALIP DANCE
(Ifugao)
 Native Dance Forms

INAMO represent the KADALIWAS

DANCE comedic movements DANCE
(Matigsalugs) (T’Boli)
of the monkey
 Native Dance Forms
evocative of the
movements of the
crane, balancing
itself on
stilt – like legs or
flirting away from
the clutches of
TINIKLING DANCE bamboo traps.
 Famous Artworks
during Pre – Colonial
CARVING
Famous Artworks during pre – colonial

a granary God that

plays an important
role in rituals
BULUL
(Cordillera)
Famous Artworks during pre – colonial

a wooden bench

HAGABI
(Ifugao)
Famous Artworks during pre – colonial

sculptures
of
saints
SANTOS
(Laguna and Pampanga)
Famous Artworks during pre – colonial

mythical
sarimanok, the
naga or serpent.
OKIR
(Tausug / Samal / Badjao)
Famous Artworks during pre – colonial

discovered at
Manunggul cave of
Palawan

MANUNGGUL JAR
 Famous Artworks
during Pre – Colonial
WEAVING
 Textile Weaving

A headpiece
woven

PIS SIYABIT
(Tausug of Sulu)
 Textile Weaving

A textile of
Maranao of Lanao
del Sur

MALONG
 Mat and Basket Weaving

a double layered
made of Pandan
leaves.

TEPO MAT
(Sama of Tawi-Tawi)
 Mat and Basket Weaving

a head sling made

of nito or bamboo
used to carry the
harvests.
OVALOID BASKET
(Itbayat, Batanes)
 Mat and Basket Weaving

a sturdy bamboo
strips used to trap
the fish.
BUBO
(Ilocos region)
 Famous Artworks
during Pre – Colonial
ORNAMENTATION
 Ornamentation

Upper class
Tagalog

Wearing gold
jewelry
 Ornamentation
it is believed to
protect the
individual from
evil spirits, it is
also a sign of
bravery and
Tattooing
maturity.
(Visayas)
 The art of the Pre-colonial
era was emphasized on what is
integral to life
II. ISLAMIC ERA
(13th century to present)
How did Islam influence
art before the coming of
Spanish colonizers?
 Islamic is characterized by geometric designs
and patterns selecting focus from the believers.
Even before the coming of Spanish colonizers,
Islam was already well entrenched in Southern
Philippines. Filipino Muslims recognize that they
belong to an ummah or a community of believers.
 Central to the Islamic faith is the doctrine of or
unity of God. This belief emphasizes the
impermanence of nature and the
incomprehensible greatness of the Divine Being.
 In Islamic art we can observe how artist are
influenced by the notion of the Tawhid, the
interior of mosques are covered with elaborate
patterning in the form of reliefs to draw the
attention away from the concrete object, in other
words away from human forms and nature
“toward the contemplation of the divine”
(source: Faludette May Datulin et. al , 2016. Contemporary Philippine Arts of the Regions p. 19)
 In Islamic art we can observe how artist are
influenced by the notion of the Tawhid, the
interior of mosques are covered with elaborate
patterning in the form of reliefs to draw the
attention away from the concrete object, in other
words away from human forms and nature
“toward the contemplation of the divine”
(source: Faludette May Datulin et. al , 2016. Contemporary Philippine Arts of the Regions p. 19)
Happenings during Islamic Era

Sultanate of Sulu was established Sayyid

Abbubakar
Happenings during Islamic Era

Qura or holy text was introduced

 Happenings during Islamic Era

Building of religious school called Madrasah

 Happenings during Islamic Era

Natives from Yakans , Basilan and Zamboanga

were converted to Islam
 Happenings during Islamic Era

Islamazation process in Mindanao became strong

 Happenings during Islamic Era

Islam became the religion and as a way of life of

people in Mindanao (Tausug, Maranao,
Maguindanao, Yakan, Samal, Badjao).
 The art of the Islamic era
focuses on geometric designs
III. SPANISH ERA
(1521 – 1898)
 What kinds of art were
developed during Spanish
Colonization?
 Art became a hand maiden of religion,
serving to propagate the Catholic faith and thus
support the colonial order at the same time.
Religious orders were dispatched to convert the
natives to Catholicism as part of the larger project
culturally as religious art, lowland Christian art or
folk art.
 During this period, cruciform churches
following the shape of the latin cross were built.
In keeping with the prevailing, they were
characterized by grandeur, drama, and elaborate
details that purposely appealed to the emotions.
The use of adobe, limestone or brick and the
construction of thick buttresses or wing like
projections reinforce the church structure to make
it more resistant to earthquake.
 In other words, the result is a fusion of both
native and European elements, prompting some
art historians to refer to the style as colonial
baroque or Philippine or tropical baroque.
(source: Faludette May Datulin et. al, 2016. Contemporary Philippine Arts of the Regions p. 31)
 Happenings during Islamic Era

Islam became the religion and as a way of life of

people in Mindanao (Tausug, Maranao,
Maguindanao, Yakan, Samal, Badjao).
 Important Happenings related to art
during Spanish era
Chinese artisans were engaged in making icons
or saints made in wood or ivory

Colonial churches were built

Western musical instruments were introduced,

pipe organ, violin, guitar, and piano
Catholic liturgical music was introduced in 1742

Choral music to boys were introduced and created the first

Filipino composers named Marcelo Adonay (1848 – 1928)
Catholic liturgical music was introduced in 1742

Choral music to boys were introduced and created the first

Filipino composers named Marcelo Adonay (1848 – 1928)
Musical form based on Catholic faith have emerge in the
Pasyon – the biblical of Christ’s passion chanted in an
improvise melody.
Secular music was formed; the awit and the corridor – these
were the two musical forms based on European literature and
history.
 Kundiman became a vehicle for conflict – the lyrics were
that of unrequited love, except that the love object was the
Philippines who would be cleverly concealed as beautiful
woman.

Mangyans made the baybayin script made of bamboo poles cut into
smaller nodes that are carved used to composed short poems,
expressing one’s feelings and other emotional concerns.
 Kundiman became a vehicle for conflict – the lyrics were
that of unrequited love, except that the love object was the
Philippines who would be cleverly concealed as beautiful
woman.

Mangyans made the baybayin script made of bamboo poles cut into
smaller nodes that are carved used to composed short poems,
expressing one’s feelings and other emotional concerns.

Zarzuela was introduced, it was an opera which features

singing and dancing with prosed dialogue which allowed the
story to be carried out in a song.
 Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan were awarded as
the most distinguished playwrights as they wrote zarzuela in
Tagalog
 Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan were awarded as
the most distinguished playwrights as they wrote zarzuela in
Tagalog
Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama awarded as the most
celebrated leading actress
 Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan were awarded as
the most distinguished playwrights as they wrote zarzuela in
Tagalog
Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama awarded as the most
celebrated leading actress

The first Senakulo was written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino

de Belen
 Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan were awarded as
the most distinguished playwrights as they wrote zarzuela in
Tagalog
Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama awarded as the most
celebrated leading actress

The first Senakulo was written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino

de Belen

Komedya were also introduced; komedya de santo (it centers

on life of Christ ) and Secular Komedya.
Folk dances such as carinosa, pandango, polka, dansa and
rigodon, habanera, and tango were introduced.
Visual arts, and paintings must be visual interpretation of
biblical texts center to Catholic devotion ex. Heaven Earth
and Hell by Jose Dans ( 1850)
 Folk dances such as carinosa, pandango, polka , dansa and
rigodon,habanera, and tango were introduced.
Visual arts, and paintings must be visual interpretation of
biblical texts center to Catholic devotion ex. Heaven Earth
and Hell by Jose Dans ( 1850)
Reprographic art of printmaking was introduced, Doctrina
Christiana is an example, the first printed book in the Philippines
compiling song lyrics, commandments, sacraments and other
catechetical material.
Felix Resurrection
Juan Luna (Spolarium) Hidalgo
won gold medals and Felix Resurrection
(Virgenes
Hidalgo (Virgenes Juan christianas
Lunaexpuestas
christianas expuestas
(Spolarium) al
al populacho) won silver
populacho)
medals
 Famous Artworks
during Spanish Era
VISUAL ARTS
Damian Domingo – water color albums of tipos
Juan Luna – Spoliarium, Espana y Filipinas
Felix Resurrection Hidalgo – Virgenes christianas
expuestas al populacho
Lorenzo Guerrero - The Water Carrier
Simon Flores – Portrait of the Quiazon Family
Jose Dans – Heaven , Earth , Hell
Esteban Villanueva - Basi Revolt
 Famous Artworks
during Spanish Era
MINIATURE
PAINTERS
Inocencia Francia

Antonio Malantic Isidro Arceo

Soterania Puzon Y De
Tipos del Pais
Quintos Ventenilla

Dionesio de Castro Justiniano Assuncion

 Famous Artworks
during Spanish Era
ENGRAVERS
Francisco Suarez

Nicolas Engraver

Laureano Atlas

Felipe Sevilla
 Famous Artworks
during Spanish Era
MUSICIAN-
COMPOSER
Marcelo Adonay
 Famous Artworks
during Spanish Era
THEATER ARTIST
Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama
 Famous Artworks
during Spanish Era
WRITERS
Severino Reyes - Zarzuela
Hermogenes Ilagan - Zarzuela
Gaspar Aquino de Belen - Senakulo
The art of during the Spanish
era teaches us about faith
and cathechism
IV. AMERICAN ERA
(1898 –
1940) to the Post war
Republic (1946 – 1969)
 What were the changes
brought about by American
Colonization?
 How were they
different from the religious
forms of the Spanish colonial
period ?
 In the American regime,
commercial and advertising arts were
integrated into fine arts curriculum.
Moreover, Americans favored idyllic
sceneries and secular forms of arts.
 Because the lingua franca of this
period was English, poems and stories from
books were dramatize in classroom, to
facilitate the teaching of the English
language. Unlike, the Spanish, the Americans
passionate thought their language through an
efficient public school system
 The new patrons of the arts included the
Americans who engaged in governance and education,
business and tourism. The demand for artists who
could do illustrations in textbooks or graphic design to
product labels thus emerged. The inclination towards
genre, still life and portrait paintings persisted.
Landscapes on the other hand, became cherished as
travel souvenirs, especially those that captured the
exotic qualities of Philippine terrain.
Famous Artists during
American Era
Juan Abad – Tanikalang Ginto (Golden Chain) (1902)
Juan Matapang Cruz – Hindi ako Patay ( Iam Not
Dead) 1903
Aurelio Tolentino – Kahapon , Ngayon at Bukas
(Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow )
Lino Castillejo (author) – A Modern Filipina (in
Filipino)
Jesus Araullo (author) – A Modern Filipina (in
English)
 Daniel Burnham (architect) - He designs in Manila
and Baguio
William Parsons – implanted Burnham Plan – an
urban designed employed Neoclassic architecture.
Thomas Mapua, Andres Luna de San Pedro,
Antonio Toledo - Filipino architects who designed
buildings during this period
Fabian dela Rosa (naturalists Painter) – Planting Rice
(1921), El Kundiman( 1930)
 Fernando Amorsolo
• romantic painter – Dalagang Filipina, idyllic
landscapes, historical paintings
• graphic artist –The Philippine Readers (book), The
Independent (newspaper)
• logo designer - Ginebra San Miguel.
 Fernando Amorsolo
• romantic painter – Dalagang Filipina, idyllic
landscapes, historical paintings
• graphic artist –The Philippine Readers (book), The
Independent (newspaper)
• logo designer - Ginebra San Miguel.

Guillermo Tolentino (sculpture ) – Oblation ( 1935)

UP Oblation ( 1958 ) Bonifacio Monument ( 1933)
The art of the American era
emphasizes on the secular
forms of art
V. JAPANESE ERA
(1941 – 1945)
 Since the Japanese advocated
for the culture of East Asia, preference
was given to the indigenous art and
traditions of the Philippines. This
emphasized their propaganda in Asia.
❑ KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglingkod
ng Bagong Pilipinas) sponsored art
competitions.
❑AWIT SA PAGLIKHA NG BAGONG
PILIPINAS - the composer National Artist
Felipe de Leon was said to have been
commanded to write this song that was
declared as the anthem for the period
❑Genre paintings were the most widely
produced, particularly those that presented a
neutral relationship between Filipinos and
the Japanese through works that showed the
normality of daily living
 Famous Artists and
their Artworks during
Japanese Era
 Harvest scene, 1942 Rice planting, 1942

Fernando
Bombing of the Ruins of Manila
Amorsolo Intendencia (1942) Cathedral (1945)
Sylvia La Torre (song)
Levi Celerio (composer)
Felipe P. de Leon (composer)
Crispin Lopez (painting)
Diosdado Lorenzo (painting)
Dominador Castaneda (painting)
 The art of the Japanese era
focuses on the orientalizing
VI. MODERN ERA
(Neo Realism,
Abstraction Modern styles)
What is Modern Art?
 Modern era in the Philippine art
began after World War 2 and the granting
independence. Writers and Artists posed the
question of national identity as the main
theme of various art forms.
- the most well-known
proponent of Modern art
painting
- his works were initially
rejected and
misunderstood but later
on was shared by several
artists
- modernist sensibility
 In this era, artists explored various
mediums, techniques and themes that were at
that time considered “new”. There was an
exploration of subject matter, content, and
form. Using modernists figuration, many of
the artists explored folk themes and also
crafted commentaries on the urban condition
and the effects of the war.
 Modern artists do not aim to copy
and idealize reality; instead, they change the
colors, flatten the picture instead of creating
illusions of depth, nearness and farness. They
depict what might be thought of as “ugly”
and “unpleasant” instead of the beautiful and
pastoral.
 Another strand of Modern art is
abstraction. It consists of simplified forms,
which avoided mimetic representation. It is
sometimes referred as nonrepresentational or
non-objective art as it emphasizes the
relationship of colors, line, space or the
flatness of the canvas rather than an illusion
of three dimensionality.
Modern Famous
Artists and their
Artworks
NEO-REALISTS
Tuba Drinkers (1954)

The Beggars (1952)

Vicente Manansala
 Bad Girls (1947)

Gadgets II (1949)

Cesar Legaspi
 Genesis (1968)
The Contrast (1940)

Hernando Ocampo
Man with a bottle (1961) Serenata

Ramon Estella
Victor Oyteza
Romeo Tabuena
Modern Famous
Artists and their
Artworks
ABSTRACTIONISTS
Constancio Abenardo
Lee Aguinaldo
Jose Joya
Fernando Zobel
Arturo Luz
Nina Saguil
Modern Famous
Artists and their
Artworks
MODERN
ARCHITECTURAL
STRUCTURES
Church of Holy Sacrifice (1955)
Church of the Risen Lord
Chapel of Saint Joseph the Worker
The Modern art teaches us
about national identity
VII. CONTEMPORARY
ART
What is contemporary art?
Is it similar to Modern art?
What are the general
characteristics of
contemporary art?
 Contemporary art is much
different from Modern art as it said, modern
art is referred “traditional” compared to
contemporary art.
 Contemporary art is an art of today produced
by artists living today. It is a fluid term, and its
use can change depending on the context.
Philippine Contemporary Art was an offshoot of
social realism brought about by Martial Law. Arts
became expression of people’s aspiration for a
just, free and sovereign society. Artists use mixed
media. Their artworks are site specific, process -
based and they integrate various art forms.
Characteristics of
Contemporary Art
 a. Collaborative / Participative

b. Interactive

c. Process - oriented

d. Site specific

Contemporary art is distinguishable from Modern art in

historical, stylistic, and cultural terms.
 Contemporary arts comprise of many art
forms in which each of each having a unique class
and ideology; practical art, industrial arts, applied
/ household arts, civic arts, commercial art,
agricultural art, business art, fishery art, medical /
clinical art, culinary art and performing art.
CONTEMPORARY ARTS
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