the

frame
of wise the hair port open from this of
diagram. 360°
of a exhaust For
clock by port measured
position
to
observed degrees.
in inlet equal
timing on as
wheel particular marked
point the are is
port be to
points
Similarly circumference
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT the fixed fly can converted
a is
the At port position
TECHNOLOGY these
Determine a B.D.C.
to Rotate the
point.
respect of are the
to of This
MESRA
RANCHI wheel.T.D.C fixed distance
opening distances
and
OF and divider. port.
with the
INSTITUTE engine from wheel
fly The
B.D.C The the to
and the moves These
fly
Diesel Thread open. and respectwheel.
T.D.Cand the
BIRLA on
piston will piston wheel.
stroke points fly of
Scale, with
APPARATUS
REQUIRED: port the the circumference
the the fly
two these wheel
Engine, Determine so exhaustbetween on the
of doing marked
OBJECT-Study PROCEDURE
- engine.
the
Mark fly rank
movement.
Diesel on CALCULATION;-
CONCLUSION:-
by the openingthe point the
direction, is
Tool wheel on measure
position
B.D.C
Tax
fly line open
BDC) after 50°(35°- closes portExhaust EPC: BbC
RTPC
BDC) after 40"(30°- closes portTransfer TPC: TPO EPC
EPO
BDC) before 40"(30- opensTPO:Transfer
port
BIDC) helore (35"-
50 opens porExhaust
t EPO :
TDC) after 20"(15"- closes va>ve Fucl FVC: CompresSion
TIC) belore I(10"-
5" opens valve Fucl FVO: ug'sexg
centre deadBottom BDC
centre dead Top TDC: FVC FVO
TUG
Engine Diesel stroke Diagram
2for Timing Port
 Experiment No.
Aim -To measure the various emission parameters of S. I. engine at various load and
Speed conditions
Introduction
-Technical data related to. AVL DITEST Gas 1000

Technical Data
Measured
quantities: Measuring
range:
Resolution: Accuracy:
CO: 0 ... 15 % vol 0.01 % vol < 10.0% vol: ±
0.02 % vol %
vol
±3 % v. M.
2 10.0% vol: ±
5 % v. M.
CO2: 0... 20 %vol 0.01 % vol < 16% vol: ±
0.3 % vol
+3% v. M.
2 16% vol: ±5
% v. M.
HC: 0... 30000 ppm 1 ppm vol < 2000 ppm
vol vol: ±4 ppm
vol
±3 %v. M.
2 5000 ppm
vol: ±5 %v. M.
2 10000 ppm
vol: ± 10% v.
M.
02: 0... 25% vol 0.01 % vol ±0.02 %vol
±1% v. M.
NO: 0... 5000 ppm 1ppm vol +5 ppm vol
vol ±1% v. M.
0...9.999 0.001 Calculated
Lambda:
from CO, CO2,
HC, 02
Power supply: 15.. 24V DC
Power supply: Approx. 20 W
Power draw:
Miscellaneous:
Warm-up time: Approx. 2 min
Connection CAL. GAS: 60.. 140 Vh, max. positive
pressure 450 hPa!
 Connection Gas In:
Approx. 180 /h, max. positive
Response time: pressure 450 hPa!
t95 s 10s
(t95: 95% of the gas
Concentration must be detected
within the time t95)
operating temperature 1... 50 °C
Storage temperature: 0 ... 50 °C
Relative air humidity: s95 %, non-condensing
Tit 0.. 90°L
Dimensions (WxDxH): 270 x 320 x 85 mm
Weight: 2.5 kg net without accessories
Interfaces: USB
Disposal:
Thisproduct of AVL DiTest is a
high-quality electrical and
electronic device that may not be
disposed of in the household
waste.

Operating Modes
For PC-controlled AUand an exact description of the Service menu, please refer to the
device manual AVL DiXAU-Sofware or AVL CDS 1000 /AVL MDS.
The following operating modes are found in the Service menu of the DiX AUsoftware.
Initialization
Start gas measurement
Leak test
Pump
Valve
Set date/time
Calibration

Measurements
After switching on, the AVL DiTEST GAS 1000 first runs through a warm-up phase.
Then, the leak test is prompted once each day.
The measurement display can be activated using the command "Start gas
measurement".
HC Residue Test
The HC residue test tests the gas path of the AVL DiTEST GAS 1000 for residue of
hydrocarbons, which could falsify the measurement results.
The program starts automatically with the command Initialize and is user-guided; follow
the instructions on the monitor/display.
Should the gas tester not pass the test,
Disconnect the exhaust probe from the In-connector on the AVL DiTEST GAs 1000
 Blow compressed air through the AVL D0TEST GAS
through the exhaust hose (not
1000!)
Reconnect the exhaust hose to the gas tester
Repeat the HC residue test.
Operating. Modes AVL D0TEST Gas 1000
4-2 User Manual

Leak Test

The device automatically prompts for the leak test once each day.
to the device and
During the leak test, the hose, hose filter and probe must be connected
the probe must be firmly closed!
The leak test must also be performed when a filter has been changed.
Follow the instructions on the screen.
Should a leak be detected,
Check whether the probe opening is firmly closed for the test,
for a new one,
Check the exhaust hose for damage and, if necessary,swap it inserted,
correctly - The O-ring and
Make sure that - The fine filter and O-ring are
filter is firmly closed.
sealing surface are clean,and - The screw cap of the fine

Exhaust Probe and Hose

before working with compressed air,
Remove the probe from the AVL DiTEST GAS 1000
DiTEST GAS 1000!
in order to avoid damaging the AVL
Do not kink the probe!
Check the exhaust probe as follows: DiTEST GAS 1000.
AVL
1. Pull the probe and hose off the
hose and exhaust probe.
2.Pull the probe filter off the exhaust
careful knocking.
3. Loosen residues in the probe by
the probe and hose.
4. Blow compressed air through
outside using a cloth.
5.Clean the probe on the
filter and hose and push the
6.Reassemble the probe, hose
gas input.
hose onto the measurement
firmly attached
Make sure the probe is
Fine Filter
filter is located on the left side of the device.
The fine
changed as necessary.
The fine filter must be
When changing, make sure:
correctly,
The O-ríng sits sealing surface are clean.
The O-ring and
Probe filter
The probe filter must be
Change the probe filter aschanged
follows:
as necessary.
1. Pull the probe and
2, Pull the probe filterhose off the AVL D0TEST GAS
1000.
3. Push the new probe off the exhaust hose and exhaust probe.
filter onto the probe and exhaust
4. Reassemble the exhaust probe. probe.
probe filter and exhaust
onto the hose and push the exhaust hose
measurement gas input.
Make sure the probe is firmly
attached
Zero Adjustment
The actual zero
It is initiatedadjustment runs automatically.
automatically
Make sure fresh air can
at certain time intervals or by
the operator.
be drawn into the CAL. GAS
Inside the AVL DiTEST GAS 1000, the gas input.
that the probe can remain in the transport path is appropriately switched so
exhaust.
Automatic Zero Adjustment
The automatic zero adjustment is initiated
every 60 minutes or upon sudden
changes. temperature
If,however, an exhaust measurement is being
will be suppressed until the measurement is performed., then the zero point adjustment
complete.
Thecorresponding message willappear in the status bar untilthe
successfully performed. If you still wish the zero adjustment to bezero adjustmnent has been
performed during an
exhaust measurenment, it must be initiated automatically.
Manual Zero Adjustment
You can initiate a zero adjustment at any time using the Initialize command.
This will naturally interrupt any exhaust measurement that may be runn
ing, but the probe does not need to be removed from the exhaust.
Once the zero adjustment is complete, youcan switch back to the
measurement image. The
60-minute interval for automatic zero adjustment is reset by a manual zero adjustment.
0, Sensor Test
Thís test checks the state of the 02 sensor.
This test must be started by the FS button and performed whenever you insert a new 02
Sensor.
If the state of the 02 sensor checks OR, then any existing message in the status bar that the
02 sensor is depleted or faulty will be deleted. AVL DiTEST Gas 1000 Operating Modes
User Manual 4-3
 CAL GAS

D COND
OUT
GAS OUT

2 4 6 8

Socket for connecting to the CDS

1000, AUX, connection to AUX
module

Slot for SD card (optional)

Socket for MDS connection
USB port,connection to PC
Fan
Bluetooth antenna (optional)
Calibration gas input "CAL.
GAS"
Condensed water output "COND.
OUT"
9 Gas output "GAS OUT"
preparation for First Use
1. Push the hose for fresh air /calibration gas, with activated charcoal filter, onto the CAL. GAS
4connector.
)Attach the 1.2 mn long hose labeled GAS OUT onto the GAS OUT Connector 6 on the
rear side of
the AVL DITEST GAS 1000. Make sure the hose is not kinked or damaged. Do not block the
measurement gas output! The measurement gas must be able to escape unhindered, otherwise there is a
isk of faulty measurement or even destruction of the measuring
cells!
3.Attach the 1.2 m long hose labeled COND OUT to the COND OUT Connector 5 on the rear of the
AVL DITEST GAS 1000. Make sure the hose is not kinked or
damaged.
4. Ifthe AVL DITEST GAS 1000is egquipped with an NOx sensor, connect the hose 7 as shown.

CAL GAS

COND
GAS

OGAS OUT

5.Connect the exhaust probe with the connector hose to the GAS IN 8 connector.
 Abgasanalys ator für ComCIC0, I0, ,NO AVL
Hu ratte Abgesh
DITEST
AVL OrTEST Gas 100
Ahge 14%

DEKRA Ala
Loart
AP1 Abeches8 244, F14
ML Cms 0

GAS IN
CEM 10] 0104 Marte n G
DE-10-MI010-PTBO03

6.Switch the AVL DiLink 480 / AVL CDS 1000 / AVL MDS on.
through a self-test and then automatically
7. After switching on,the AVL DiTEST GAS 1000 first runs
depends on the environmental temperature and is
the warm-up phase. The duration of the warm-up phase perform the daily leak test. Should the AVIL
approximately 2 minutes. You will next be prompted to device will be warmed by
D*TEST GAS 1000detecta temperature of < 0°Cwhen switched on, the
and 10°C, the device will be
pumpsfor approx. 5minutes. Should the temperature be between 0°C
warmed by pumps for apprOx. 60 seconds.
8. The AVL DiTEST GAS 1000 is now ready for use.
 OBSERVATION TABLE

SL.No. RPM Load HC EAFR RPM/No,

CO CO,
(N) In ppm(vol.)ppm{vol.) ppm{vol.)ppm(vol.) Ppm(vol.)
(Kg)

2
3
4

6
 Four Indicative of eachgasoline a Power speed. the thespark otherto that
with brought
Power or circuiting ensure
of inoperative, constant Engine thethe
Frictional
efficiency a cylinder,
With condition, less.
all is will
between Indicated
speed cvlinder
SI short condition, This
developed.at
makingthethatfiring in
by engine
Ranchi Mechanical
relation determining throttle this setting.
of assumed cut one
Engineering of
plug during UnderthisThe with
Power is
Under ignition
Internal
Combustion
Laboratory the consists spark the cylinder
Mesra, Experiment
04
No andplot is as adjustingengine. drop. be --(1)
of Brake It well will
MORSE
TEST (IP)to method thecylinder.
test output
the
disconnected.
one Cl engine
Technology. and. groundingas and
Mechanical Power Thein
inoperative
turn. by Then, in
accuratereduction
the
engine.
Test
speed. equipment.each in speed injector throttle the FPr
and
Indicative
Morse by engines. inoperative measured. of
of required is speed +
constant fairly the the the power BPk
petrol inoperative
fuel made engine
of of by noting
elaborate of multi-cylinder theload,brake
disconnecting )
Department
Institute EXPERIMENT:
MPFI (FP),engine and Zen)
with cylinder the is =
that is
supply
cylinder APPARATUS
REQUIRED
: output CI cylinder,
brake then:
IPK
rapid and at the .....
test.on Power at
Petrol any rendered
one run in
the
efficiency the each
(attached
Dynamometer the injector while cylinders,
simple,
without firstandby out IP;+
Bìrla Morse Frictional by off theto adjusting
Zen only rendering or cut samne
one is when is IP2+
cutting Engineandthe
Mechanicala
Maruti engine cylinder
engine applicable engineengine 'K'
of
THEstudyOBJECTIVE
: provides motor the +
the
same Tachometer
for Engineby is are IP
by CI value
MPFI MORSETEST:
the
Multi-cylinder Means
: the SI
THEORY powerthere
determine eachengine
the in in will
OF Performance and Test of is test.rackplugSI original
are If
AIM cylinder
Morse engine, test
cylinder
this in cylindersfrictional
Power diesel
losses pumpspark
To This plug
In its
 cooled. IP indicator
the
and engine. dianmeter The on
respectively fitted
the Water p
I The
Bore as
of denotedindicator
fricion. (MPFI), diagram,
BPK =6lmm,
Power Engine
Power,, computerized. is of
petrol
Frictional have lPK IPK=lPK developed
by
T=Torque length
and indicator
help
will ...... Brake Power
-------(2) Stroke the
also, Stroke fromwith
and IP3, Horse
: the by:FP=IPk
-BPK fully 4
Power but IP2, by find
----(3) Cylinders,
rpm, drawn
obtained
power IP, given is Indicated
FPK to IPK This 2500 load
Brake 0S
cylinder: nossible :
only BPK-+
IPx / ENGINE
engine. in) 4 at
is 1
shaft, BPx Type as that
condition below:
Power produce engine, (2.4 Nm known
the is crank given = petrol at
-) it mm MPFI,59 19.4: cycle
Indicative
cylinders.
not IPx
of
the working, nmech THE 61.0
=
= is running shown
BPK-1 Power the stroke, Torque cylinderone
will + by of
is
Engine Zen Ratio Type.
Hydraulic
Dynamometer:
developed
Indicated N=RPM = OF 4 SOHCxin) Model for is
of it
represent get are Efficiency cylinder, (2.8
rpm,Compression the diagram diagram
particular
number off, IP4+ we BPK - SPECIFICATIONS
cylinders the valves/cyl, 6000 in
- mm Maruti,
cut IP;+ (1), find
of developed
FP Power Power 72.0 a p-v
is from = Mechanical 4up 232Code:
Pressure at p-v
andfor IP; can KW at
standscylinder
IP2+ K set Make
Stroke: cc, the
engine typical
Dr (2) one indicated
theNT
2n
BPk Frictional
test
4
train: 14.5793 power is
Then Subtracting Engine:72mm, diagram
l,K' first Similarly, all Engine x Power an engine.
Where, Hence, Valve Bore Theof
Suffix the Total When Where
The A
If
 |M
mech (%)
74.2
INDICATIVE
POWER
efficiency. 4 Cyl
Cyli-i - (W) 896.5
No. nder nder
working.
engine. No.3 975
BP.
particular (IP)
cylinder. No.2| 1014|
is the mechanical
cylinder
on 1053
No.1Cyli-nder(W)
that load
a of unloading. CYLINDERBP [Watt)
give (K-1) BP. the (W)
plug the CUT
OUT 2027
the also
sincereducingengine.
to
spark
engine NO.4 LOAD
stop calculate
and [kg]
5.2
down IP
the the by speed,
precaution. the total CYLINDERBP [Wat]
(W)
OUT
CUT 1949
loadshorting
go speed of and
2
will original the
BP turn NO.3 LOAD
and original the and [kg) 5.0
usual by speed
value in
Eshaust
opens t inoperativeits calculate
cylinders :OBSERVATIONS
SAMPLE
cylinder CYLINDER [Wat]
valve CUT BP 1910
BDC the regains
the rated engine OUT
observing to NO.2 LOAD
TEST
PROCEDURE
: the the speed and othereach
engine (W)[kg] :CALCULATIONS
4.9
to cylinder load
consequence,
engine the of CYLINDERBP [Watt)
Epansion
FxhaustInake
Compressjon speed
engine the IP OUT
CUT 1871
Lmbustion Ignitien Render as the out the
one
oftd the
the the soonnotecut Calculate NO.1 LOAD [kg]
valye
ns 4.8
Adjust
a
Bring Now,Next, (W)
Start As
Inake As YLINDER
NORKING[Wati)
(W) 2923
BP
ALL
OAD
7.5
 w
2923
=
0.2)/60
W 1013.45
W
=3936,79 74.2%
x
9.8 :Engine
x /3936.79=
7.5 896.5 =
x 3936.79-2923.34
1900 =1909.91W +
W W W 974.45 2923.34Petrol
(2TX 1870.93 1948.892026.84
+
=
working) 1013.43 l= Zen
0.2/60 = = = BPx= xIPK) Maruti
0.2)/60 0.2)/60 0.2)/60 0.2/60 1052.41
= 1013.43
W W
= W
3
896.5
W
= +
are x9.8) 974.45 1052.41
-
x x IPK /
engines x9.8 x (BPk MPFI
x
(load 9.8 9.8 9.8 = :
x x x x EngineIP4= =
Q80 082 1870.93 1948.89
1909.91
IP,-2923.34-
=2923.34-
IP 2026.84
2923.34-
IP4= =
0,2m k x when: 4.8 4.9 5-0 FPk
(All (1900) x - x x -cut
:
out x Engine mech Cylinder
= out 1900out1900out 1900 1900 of +
IP, n
200mmengine=2Txenginecut cut cut 2923.34 (IP) IP,+ :Engine Efficiency:-
TX nX TX TX of Power
cycle cycle cycle cycle No.4 Four
R= the the =(2 BP,-(2BP=(2(2 (IP) +
NT/60of No.l No.2 No.3 BP4= Power IP, of
rpm, of BP IP; Indicated
power power (FP) of
Mechanical
that:
Given = Sketch
N=1900 =2r Indicated IPK Friction
Brake BPK Brake ii) ii) iv) i) i1) iii) iv) Total
 incoming
the
in
cut
then
and
first
sneed
cylinder
constant
constant.
maintained
Load hanger
bar Mass other
Mass
Rotor
W 3936.79
1013,45
= =
W the
the
maintain
74.2% out 4
Indicatd
Power
(W)
cut
= be to in,
mech) reduced
should cut
bearing
Main n be
( engines
be to
Water
(lP) Efficiency
Npace
Frictional
Power
(FP) Indicative
Power always
is
Rofor
cOver cylinder
PRECAUTIONS:
Rotor the
Efficierey
(%)- Machanical must
Mechanical of
speed the
load cylinder.
RESULT: When
GRAPH: The The
Trunninn
bearing
bearing 1. 2. 2
bearing
couplimg
Cover Nain
Drive