College English Writing (대학영어(W)) (Jieun Kim)

4. Logical Division of Ideas

- Logical Division of Ideas Pattern
- Coherence (logic)
- Unity (focus)
- Nouns and Pronouns
- Transition Signals
- Run-Ons and Comma Splices

Logical division of ideas?

 Read the model paragraph (p. 80)
 Find out three reasons with its signal word or phrases.

(1) Logical division of ideas (p. 82)

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  A pattern of organization in which you divide a topic into points
 Sample topics: reasons for…/ kinds of…/ types/styles of…/ advantages/disadvantages of…/
qualities/features of…

 Ex) A good boss requires three qualities./ has similar personal qualities.
Living in a college dormitory has several advantages.
There are four main styles of Chinese food.
There are three kinds of apps that all smart phones should have.
=> Three kinds of apps that all smart phones should have are very important.
There are three reasons I will not get a credit card.
=> I will not get a credit card because it can be an express ticket to financial disaster.

* Advantages of shopping online

(It is) important to know advantages of shopping online to be a good online shopper.
(Online shopping) can be useful when people consider advantages of shopping online.
(Online shopping) can be conveniently used because it has many advantages.
(People) buy many things because of several advantages of online shopping.
(People) can enjoy online shopping because it shows a variety of advantages.

 Supporting sentences: discuss each main point one after the other with a signal word or
phrases
 Ex) The first reason…, The second type…, The final advantage…,
In addition, Furthermore, Also, and Moreover..

Ex) The first reason I am a vegetarian is that vegetarians are healthier than meat eaters.
Another quality of a good boss is fairness.
In addition, sharing clothing with a twin saves money.

 Support each point with a brief explanation, short description, or a convincing detail (an
example or a statistics (numbers-costs, amounts, %..))
Ex) For example, they want to touch and feel fabrics and visualize themselves in clothes.
She buys things such as jewelry and designer sunglasses.
In 2005, there were thirteen major hurricanes in the North Atlantic.
A Big Mac contains 560 calories and 30 grams of fat.

 Concluding sentence with signals: For all these reasons/ To sum up/ In brief…
p. 61로 돌아가기 + p. 40 compound sentence 문법
(2) Unity (통일성) -Focus (p. 85)

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 When a paragraph has unity, all the supporting sentences discuss only one idea-topic
sentence.
 From beginning to end, each sentence is directly related to the topic + controlling idea.
 In some languages, it is acceptable to wander away from the topic – to make little side trip to
ideas that are somewhat, but not directly, related to the main topic. In English, doing so is not
acceptable because it breaks the unity of the paragraph.
 Practice 4. A. B.

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(3) Coherence (일관성) -logic (p. 86)
 A paragraph with coherence is logical.
 All the sentences are easy to follow because they are in a logical order and are well connected.
 Transition signals to help the reader along the way.
 A coherent paragraph flows smoothly from beginning to end.
 A reader can follow the main point and supporting sentences easily because one sentence leads
naturally to the next one; no sudden jumps.
 Practice 5. (p. 86/7)

Putting each supporting sentence in the right place

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Use nouns and pronouns consistently
- Use nouns and pronouns consistently throughout a paragraph (p. 88)
- Continue to use the same nouns and pronouns you start with. Be consistent!
- Ex) students a student (X), youtheyhe (X) (plural nouns are better!)
- Practice 6 (p. 88)
- Practice 7 (p. 89)

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[ College English Writing ]
Transition Signals (p. 89-90)
- Connect the idea in one sentence with the idea in another sentence
- Let readers know when to slow down, turn around, and stop (traffic signal)
- Make a paragraph smoother and help readers understand it more easily
- Table (p. 89-90)

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3. I was born in Glasgow. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.
4. I was born in Glasgow. The largest city in Scotland is Glasgow.

5. In the past 60 years, as many as 65 different classification systems have been developed
to define the dimensions of leadership. One such classification system is the scheme
proposed by Bass (1990, pp. 11-20).
6. In the past 60 years, as many as 65 different classification systems have been developed
to define the dimensions of leadership. The scheme proposed by Bass (1990, pp. 11-20) is
one such classification system.
7. In the past 60 years, as many as 65 different classification systems have been developed
to define the dimensions of leadership. Bass (1990, pp. 11-20) proposed such a classification
system.

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[ College English Writing ]
Coherence 연습
Write a coherent paragraph using the following nouns. Choose one from each group and use it in
each sentence. You’ll need to add enough information so that you can maintain the old/new
sentence pattern.

a. Sportsman/ CEO/ K-pop star Singer/dancer/musician

b. Mountain/beach/desert/riverbank
c. Horse/elephant/bird
d. Dollar/key/cellphone/roses/ticket/backpack

ex) Mike is a sportsman. One day, the sportsman climbed on a mountain for exercising. On the
mountain, he enjoyed listening to birds’ singing. The sound of the birds was so beautiful that he
recorded it on his cellphone.

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