1 2 3 4

Pretest
1. The boundary between two plates
moving toward each other is called a
_________.
a. divergent boundary
b. transform boundary
c. lithosphere
d. convergent boundary
 Pretest
2. Plates slipping past each other at
________________.
a. subduction zone
b. convection current
c. divergent boundary
d. transform boundary
Pretest
3
Pretest
4
Pretest
5
Movement of Plates
Plate Movement
 Three types of Plate Boundary

Divergent Convergent Transform

 Divergent Boundaries
Divergent Boundary (constructive boundary) is
formed when two tectonic plates move apart from
each other, forming new lithosphere - the young
seafloor.
Molten rocks called magma to rise from the
Earth’s mantle to the surface. The Earth’s surface
is cool enough to solidify the magma that rose,
thus, creating new oceanic crust or seafloor.
 Divergent Boundaries
The mid-ocean ridge is formed by the divergence
between oceanic plates while continental rift valley
is formed between continental plates. Both the
formation of mid-ocean ridge and rift valley had the
occurrence of an earthquake.
Divergent Boundaries
 Divergent Boundaries
Iceland: An example of continental rifting
 Convergent Boundaries
Convergent boundary (destructive boundary)
is formed when two plates move toward
each other.
 Convergent Boundaries

• There are three styles of convergent

plate boundaries
–Continent-continent collision
–Continent-oceanic crust collision
–Ocean-ocean collision
 Convergent Boundaries
Continent-Continent Collision
• Forms mountains, e.g. European Alps, Himalayas
Convergent Boundaries
Himalayas
 Convergent Boundaries
Continent-Oceanic Crust Collision
 Convergent Boundaries
Ocean-Ocean Plate Collision
• When two oceanic plates collide, one runs over the
other which causes it to sink into the mantle forming a
subduction zone.
• The subducting plate is bent downward to form a very
deep depression in the ocean floor called a trench.
• The worlds deepest parts of the ocean are found along
trenches.
– E.g. The Mariana Trench is 11 km deep!
 Transform Boundaries
Transform fault boundary (conservative boundary) is
formed when two plates are sliding past each other. The
relative motion of the plates is horizontal. They can occur
underwater or on land, and crust is neither destroyed nor
created.

Because of friction, the plates cannot simply glide past

each other. Rather, stress builds up in both plates and
when it exceeds the threshold of the rocks, the energy is
released – causing earthquakes.
 Activity. KNOW MY BOUNDARY
CPB DPB TFB 1. South American Plate and the African Plate
CPB DPB TFB 2. Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate
CPB DPB TFB 3. Nazca Plate and Pacific Plate
CPB DPB TFB 4. Antarctic Plate and Pacific Plate
CPB DPB TFB 5. Pacific Plate and Australian Plate
CPB DPB TFB 6. North American Plate and Pacific Plate
CPB DPB TFB 7. Pacific Plate and Nazca Plate
CPB DPB TFB 8. Juan de Fuca Plate and North American Plate
CPB DPB TFB 9. Antarctic Plate and African Plate
CPB DPB TFB 10. Cocos Plate and Caribbean Plate
 Posttest
1. The boundary between two plates
moving toward each other is called a
_________.
a. divergent boundary
b. transform boundary
c. lithosphere
d. convergent boundary
 Posttest
2. Plates slipping past each other at
________________.
a. subduction zone
b. convection current
c. divergent boundary
d. transform boundary
Posttest
3
Posttest
4
Posttest
5
1.Which field of science deals
with the study of rock layers?
A. Geology
B. Paleontology
C. Petrology
D. Stratigraphy
2. Which principle states that the
physical, chemical, and biological
processes that work today are the
same forces that worked in the past?
A. Principle of Intrusions
B. Principle of Unconformities
C. Principle of Uniformitarianism
D. Principle of Original Horizontality
3. What can you infer when a sandstone
comes in contact with a granite?
A. The granite is older than the sandstone.
B. The granite is younger than the
sandstone.
C. The granite was intruded into the
sandstone.
D. The granite and the sandstone have the
same age.
4. What is the correct
sequence in the relative
age of rock from
YOUNGEST to OLDEST?
A. Layer A, B, C, D, E, F, G
B. Layer G, F, E, D, C, B, A
C. Layer A, B, G, C, D, E, F
D. Layer G, F, E, D, C, B, A
5. According to the Law of
Superposition, where are the
oldest fossils usually found?
A. somewhat near the surface
B. at the top of the rock layers
C. in the middle of the rock layers
D. near the bottom of the rock layers
1.Which field of science deals
with the study of rock layers?
A. Geology
B. Paleontology
C. Petrology
D. Stratigraphy
2. Which principle states that the
physical, chemical, and biological
processes that work today are the
same forces that worked in the past?
A. Principle of Intrusions
B. Principle of Unconformities
C. Principle of Uniformitarianism
D. Principle of Original Horizontality
3. What can you infer when a sandstone
comes in contact with a granite?
A. The granite is older than the sandstone.
B. The granite is younger than the
sandstone.
C. The granite was intruded into the
sandstone.
D. The granite and the sandstone have the
same age.
4. What is the correct
sequence in the relative
age of rock from
youngest to oldest?
A. Layer A, B, C, D, E, F, G
B. Layer G, F, E, D, C, B, A
C. Layer A, B, G, C, D, E, F
D. Layer G, F, E, D, C, B, A
5. According to the Law of
Superposition, where are the
oldest fossils usually found?
A. somewhat near the surface
B. at the top of the rock layers
C. in the middle of the rock layers
D. near the bottom of the rock layers