Answer for module 1

Paper 1
No. Answer Note
1 C Scalar: speed, distance, energy
Vector: displacement, acceleration, force, velocity, momentum
2 D
3 C Weight is a force (derived quantity).
4 D
5 B
6 D
7 B Do not pass through origin.
8 B 𝑠 = √62 + (10 − 2)2 = 10 m
9 B 1000
𝑢+𝑣 72 × 3600
𝑠= (𝑡) = (8) = 80 m
2 2
𝑑 = 100 − 80 = 20 metre from the tree
10 D 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
75 = 0 + 2𝑡
𝑡 = 37.5 m s−1
11 B D is increasing (non-uniform) acceleration.
12 D 1
𝑠≡𝐴= (5)(10 + 6)
2
𝑠 = 40 m s −1
13 A 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
0 = 102 + 2(−9.81)𝑠
𝑠 = 5.10 m
14 C Smallest mass
15 A
16 C F is directly proportional to m when a is constant (a = g).
17 C a = g = 9.81 m s-2
18 B No air resistance in vacuum cylinder
19 C Nailing – Impulsive force
20 D More mass implies more inertia.
21 A Law of inertia
22 A When mass increase, inertia increase
23 A Inelastic collision.
24 A After collision, the trolley slowed down.
25 D
26 D Without force, no change in momentum.
Force = rate of change of momentum
27 A Principle of conservation of momentum
28 C
29 B 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
50 = 0 + 𝑎(8.0)
𝑎 = 6.25 m s −2
30 A Increase impulse by increasing velocity.
31 A 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑢
𝐹=
𝑡
0.6[0 − (−10)]
𝑡= = 0.5 N
12
32 D 1
𝐹 ∝ 𝑡 / 𝐹𝑡 = constant

𝐹2 𝑡2 = 3𝐹(𝑡2 ) = 𝐹𝑡
1
𝑡2 = 𝑡
3
33 C
34 B Impulse is the change of momentum, which is constant.
Time of impact is increased to reduce impulsive force.
35 C
36 A 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
37 B 𝑊∝𝑚
38 C 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 = 6.0(16) = 96 N
39 B 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
560 = 70(𝑔)
𝑔 = 8 m s−2
40 D Force in equilibrium, F = W
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 = 60(9.81) = 588.6 N
Paper 2

No. Answer Marks

1a Base quantity: Mass 1
Derived quantity: Energy // volume 1

1b mass×length×length 1
𝐸 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ = time×time

Unit of 𝐸 = kgm2 s −2 1

2a Motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it. // Fall 1
due to gravitational pull only.

1
2bi 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 1
1
0 = 29.4𝑡 + (−9.81)𝑡 2
2

𝑡 = 0 or 5.99 s 1
∴ time taken to return to initial position = 5.99 s

2bii 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠 1
0 = 29.42 + 2(−9.81)𝑠
𝑠 = 44.0 m 1
∴ maximum height = 44.0 m

3a velocity 1

3bi t 1

3bii Acceleration 1

1
3biii 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 1
1
10 = 0 + 2 (𝑎)(32 )

𝑎 = 2.2 m s −2 1
gradient of the graph = 2.2 m s−2
4a
None The car is moving backwards.
1
From 0 s to 30 s The car is accelerating.
From 30 s to 60 s The car is decelerating. 1
From 60 s to 100 s The car is moving with constant velocity.
1
1 1
4bi 𝑠 = (30)(10) + (10 + 4)(60 − 30) 1
2 2

𝑠 = 360 m 1

4−10
4bii 𝑎 = 60−30 1

𝑎 = −0.2 m s−2 1

4c Inertia 1
The man tends to move with constant velocity, but the velocity of the 1
seat is increasing. So, he felt like the seat is pushing him.

5a Weight 1

5bi Total force applied in Situation 1 > Situation 2. 1

5bii Time taken to travel 100 m in Situation 1 < Situation 2. 1

5biii Acceleration of tandem in Situation 1 > Situation 2. 1

5c Total force applied on the tandem to move forward is directly 1

proportional to the acceleration of the tandem.

5d Newton’s Second Law of Motion 1

1
5e 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2
1
100 = 0 + 2 (𝑎)(102 )

𝑎 = 2 m s−2 1
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 130(2) 1
𝐹 = 260 N 1
6ai Gravitational force 1

6aii 9.81 m s-2 1

6bi Impulsive force in Diagram 6.1 < Diagram 6.2 1

6bii Time of impact for Diagram 6.1 > Diagram 6.2 1

6c The shorter the time of impact, the greater the force. // vice versa 1

6di Helmet // elbow or knee pad 1

6dii Increase time of impact. 1

Reduce impulsive force. 1
Less injured during collision. 1

7a Product of mass and velocity. 1

7b ∑ 𝑝𝑖 = ∑ 𝑝𝑓
3.3 + 0 = 0.4 + 𝑥 1
𝑥 = 2.9 1

7c 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 1
2.9
𝑣=
0.040

𝑣 = 72.5 m s −1 1

7d Swing the golf club higher. // Follow through action. 1

7e Increasing the initial momentum of golf club to increase impulse. // 2

Increase time to exert force to increase impulse.

7f Newton’s third law of motion 1

8a Total momentum before collision is equal to total momentum after
collision when there is no external force / in a closed system. 1

8b Hot gases is expelled downwards. 1

Momentum is conserved. 1
Rocket moves upwards. 1

8ci High air pressure 1

Increase difference in pressure between bottle and surrounding // 1
Water is expelled with greater velocity.

8cii Low density 1

To reduce the weight of the rocket. 1

8d Q 1

9a Rate of change of momentum during an impact / in a short duration of 1

time.

9b Change of momentum is greater when the pile hammer is released 1

from higher position.
Hard surface of pile hammer and pile shorten the time of impact. 1
Impulsive force is directly proportional to change of momentum. 1
Impulsive force is inversely proportional to the time of impact. 1

9ci 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 1
𝑝 = 50(20)
𝑝 = 1000 kg m s−1 1

𝑚𝑣−𝑚𝑢
9cii 𝐹= 1
𝑡
50(0−(−20)) 1
𝐹= 0.500
1
𝐹 = 2000 N
9d Characteristics Explanation
Follow through action Impulse increases // Change in 1
momentum increases. 1
High vertical jump High energy 1
1
High pressure of air Larger force 1
inside the ball 1
High elasticity Higher elastic potential energy 1
1
R. Because it has the follow through, the height of jump is high,
1
pressure of air inside the ball is high and high elasticity. 1
10a Seatbelt // Airbags // Crumple zone 1

10b Able to relate to inertia/impulse and state the function of the feature.
E.g.:
When the car suddenly stop during collision, the driver tends to 1
continue to move forward (due to inertia).
Seatbelt ties the driver to his seat so that he will not be flung forward 1
or thrown out from the car.

10c The driver break his neck and die. 1

10d When the car is banged from backward, the white car suddenly 1
accelerate.
The driver’s body is pushed forward by the seat, but the head continue 1
to move with same velocity.

10e Impulse in Diagram 10.2 > Diagram 10.1 1

Diagram 10.2 is more fatal. 1

10f ∑ 𝑝𝑖 = ∑ 𝑝𝑓
2.92 × 104 = (1000 + 1500)𝑉 1
𝑥 = 11.68 m s −1 1
10g Characteristics Explanation
Surface of pestle and Reduce time of impact // Increase 1
mortar is hard impulsive force 1
Large mass of pestle More force // bigger change of 1
momentum/impulse 1
Strong material Does not break easily 1
1
Big size of mortar Pound more amount of spices 1
1
A. It has hard surface of pestle and mortar, big mass of pestle, high
1
strength of material and big size of mortar. 1

11a Motion in straight line 1

1
11b 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 1
2
1
−5 − 1 = 0 + 2 (−9.81)(𝑡 2 )
1
𝑡 = 1.1 s

11c 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠 1
𝑣 2 = 0 + 2(−9.81)(0 − 1)
𝑣 = 4.44 m s −1 1

11d ✓ Able to label the axes with correct symbols and units. 1
✓ Able to sketch the shape of the graph. 1

E.g.:
 1
11e 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 1
2
1
𝑠 = 0 + 2 (−9.81)(5.0)2
1
𝑠 = 122.6 m
1
∴ depth of the well = 122.6 − 1 = 121.6 m

11f Characteristics Explanation

Strong material behind Not collapsed easily when the timber 1
driver’s cabin exert force on it during emergency brake. 1
More tyres To enhance grip // increase friction with 1
the ground to brake or accelerate 1
effectively.
Long distance of truck Timber will not directly crash into truck 1
cabin and trailer cabin during sudden brakes. 1
Dashboard is covered Increase the time of impact and reduce
with soft material the impulsive force when driver knocks 1
on it in accident. 1
Tie the timbers tightly to The timbers will not be free to move and
the carrier crash into the cabin when the truck 1
brakes. 1