FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard

University Karachi

Marks Evaluation

Marks
Experiment No.

10

11

12

13

14

15

Total

________________________
Instructor’s Signature
Engr. Syeda Noor ul ain

Lab # 01

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

Introduction to Python Programming and to get familiar with Integrated

Development Environment (IDE)
(Introduction to Python IDE)
Objective

• Introduction to Python IDLE

• Introduction to Python language ( Comments , Data Type, Operators, Loops and
ifelse)

Theory

Installation of Python

Go to the Download page on python.org, and download an installer that's appropriate for
your system. Look for a Python 3.4 installer. It's helpful to know whether you're running a
32-bit or 64-bit version of Windows; if you don't know, download a 32-bit installer. 32-bit
installers will work on any system; 64-bit installers will only work on 64-bit systems.

Testing your Python installation

Once Python has finished installing, you'll want to make sure it's working. There are
several ways to do this.

• Start Menu > Python > Python (command line)

• This should open up a terminal window, with Python running.

Type print ("Hello Python world!"), and press Enter save it with filename.py
Python IDLE Environment
IDLE (Integrated Development Learning Environment)

• IDLE has multi-window text editor with syntax highlighting, auto-completion,

smart indent
• The Shell window execute command at the statement complete
• User code written in Text Editor window

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language.
Python is designed to be highly readable. It uses English keywords frequently. Python was
developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early nineties at the National
Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the Netherlands. Python is
now maintained by a core development team at the institute, although Guido van Rossum
still holds a vital role in directing its progress.
Python Features
• Easy-to-learn: Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined
syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.

• Easy-to-read: Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes.

• A broad standard library: Python's bulk of the library is very portable and
crossplatform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.

• Portable: Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has the same
interface on all platforms.

• Extendable: You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter. These
modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be more efficient.

• Databases: Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.

• GUI Programming: Python supports GUI applications that can be created and
ported to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as Windows
MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

Comparing Python with C/C++

Some major differences between python and C/C++
Programming
Parameter Python Language C/C++ Language

Programming type Interpreter Compiler

Middle level
Programming High level Language Language
Language
Header file import #include
Code within curly
bracket
Code block Whitespace Indentation { code}
Python Identifiers
A Python identifier is a name used to identify a variable, function, class, module or other
object. An identifier starts with a letter A to Z or a to z or an underscore (_) followed by
zero or more letters, underscores and digits (0 to 9).

Python does not allow punctuation characters such as @, $, and % within identifiers.
Python is a case sensitive programming language.

Reserved Words
The following list shows the Python keywords. These are reserved words and you cannot
use them as constant or variable or any other identifier names. All the Python keywords
contain lowercase letters only.
FALS await else import pass
E
None break except in raise
TRUE class finally is return
and continue for lambda try
as def from nonlocal while
assert del global not with

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

if True: Lines and Indentation Quotation in

Python
print "True"
else:
print "False"

Python provides no braces to indicate blocks of code for class and function definitions or
flow control. Blocks of code are denoted by line indentation, which is rigidly enforced.

Python accepts single ('), double (") and triple (''' or """) quotes to denote string literals,
as long as the same type of quote starts and ends the string.

The triple quotes are used to span the string across multiple lines. For example, all the
following are legal −

word = 'word'
sentence = "This is a sentence." paragraph
= """This is a paragraph. It is made up of
multiple lines and sentences."""

Comments in Python
A hash sign (#) that is not inside a string literal begins a comment. All characters after the #
and up to the end of the physical line are part of the comment and the Python interpreter
ignores them.
#!/usr/bin/python #
First comment
print "Hello, Python!" # Second comment
First Python program:

 OR Start Menu > Python > Python (command line)

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

 This should open up a terminal window, with Python running.

Type print("Hello Python world!"), and press Enter save it with filename.py
Some Useful command for Python IDLE Shell window
 Alt + p to retrieve Previous Command
 Alt + n to retrieve Next Command
 To get help of instruction or command use

help(instruction)

Data Types
Python has five standard data types −

• Numbers (int, float, long, complex)

• String
• List
• Tuple
• Dictionary
Type of Variable: Check the type of Variable

Numbers

Strings

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

A string is simply a series of characters. Anything inside quotes is considered a string in Python, and
you can use single or double quotes around your strings like this:
"This is a string."
'This is also a string.''

Lists
A list contains items separated by commas and enclosed within square brackets ([]). To some extent,
lists are similar to arrays in C. One difference between them is that all the items belonging to a list
can be of different data type.
list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2
] tinylist = [123, 'john'] print list
# Prints complete list
print list[0] # Prints first element of the list print
list[1:3] # Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd
print list[2:] # Prints elements starting from 3rd
element print tinylist * 2 # Prints list two times print list +
tinylist # Prints concatenated lists

Tuples
A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas. Unlike lists, however, tuples are
enclosed within parentheses.
tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ) print tuple #
Prints complete list print tuple[0] # Prints first element
of the list print tuple[1:3] # Prints elements starting from
2nd till 3rd

Python Dictionary
Python's dictionaries are kind of hash table type.

Dictionaries are enclosed by curly braces ({ }) and values can be assigned and accessed using square
braces ([]). For example –

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

dict = {} dict['one'] =
"This is one" dict[2] =
"This is two"

tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales'}

print dict['one'] # Prints value for 'one' key

print dict[2] # Prints value for 2 key
print tinydict # Prints complete
dictionary print tinydict.keys() # Prints all
the keys print tinydict.values() # Prints all the
values

This produce the following result −

This is one
This is two
{'dept': 'sales', 'code': 6734, 'name': 'john'}
['dept', 'code', 'name']
['sales', 6734, 'john']

Difference between List, Tuple and Dictionary

A list can store a sequence of objects in a certain order such that you can index into the list, or iterate
over the list. List is a mutable type meaning that lists can be modified after they have been created.

A tuple is similar to a list except it is immutable. There is also a semantic difference between a list
and a tuple.

A dictionary is a key-value store. It is not ordered and it requires that the keys are hashable. It is fast
for lookups by key.

Mathematical operators

Python also deals with mathematical operators. There is no need to define data types of variables.

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

Output:

a
Program 1: =
1
0
for i in range(10):
print('Hamdard University') f
o
Output r
Hamdard University
Hamdard University i
Hamdard University
Hamdard University i
n
Hamdard University
Hamdard University r
Hamdard University
Hamdard University
Hamdard University
Hamdard University

Lab Task
Program 2:

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

ange(a): 4
print(i) 5
6
Output: 7
0 8
1 9
2
3
1- Write a program to print welcome text on a separate line.

2- Write a program to implement simple calculator.

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

NOTE: Attach printouts of above mentioned task with your name and roll number in header or
footer.

Learning outcomes:
 understand and use variables.
 work with common Python data types like integers, floats, strings, characters, lists,
dictionaries, as well as pandas Data Frames.
 use basic flow control, including for loops and conditionals.
 read data from text files.
 obtain basic summary statistics from data files.

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology HIET Hamdard
University Karachi

Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University

Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.