Lecturer: 5.

What is the gage pressure at a

3. Gasoline has a specific gravity of depth of 100m in seawater?
ENGR. MARBEN T. ASTILLO Specific Weight -is defined as weight per
0.68. What is the approximate A. 1520 KPa C. 2011 KPa
unit volume.
● Cum Laude, University of Science weight for 1 liter of gasoline? B. 1010 KPa D. 1224 KPa
and Technology of Southern 𝑊 𝑚𝑔 A. 0.68 N C. 1.4 N
Philippines 𝜸= 𝑉
= 𝑉
B. 6.7 N D. 8.6 N 6. A pressure gage measures 50KPa
● CEERS Review Lecturer 4. If the density of a gas is 0.003 vacuum in the system. What is
● Elementary and High School
slugs/ft3, what is most nearly the the absolute pressure?
Valedictorian
● DOST and Aboitiz Power Scholar W = Weight specific weight of the gas in A. 151 KPa C. 51 KPa
● National Quizzer v = volume N/m3? B. 50 KPa D. 53 KPa
● VECO Engineer, Systems Operations A. 15 C. 9
B. 98 D. 76 7. Fresh water 2m deep flows over
Fluids - is a liquid or gas that continually Specific Gravity -is the ratio between the
the top of 4m salt water. The
deforms (flows) under an applied shear density of an object, and a reference
stress, or external force.
Pressure of a fluid- is defined as the pressure at the bottom is _____
substance typically a water at 20°C.
force divided by the area perpendicular KPa.
𝜸−𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 to the force over which the force is A. 60 C. 58
Density of a fluid - is defined as the mass applied.
contained in a unit volume.
SG = 𝜸−𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
B. 55 D. 64

𝐹
𝑚 𝛒−𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 P= Pressure of a fluid at different levels
𝛒= = 𝛒−𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐴 - pressure at different fluids
𝑣 Pgage =𝜸h
P2 = P1 + ∑𝛄𝙝
𝛒 = Density
m = Mass
v = volume
𝜸 = Specific Weight Pgage =(SGfluid)(𝜸water)h
P2 = Pressure at bottom
P1 = Pressure at top
Specific Volume -is defined as the number
of cubic meters occupied by one kilogram of Pabs = Pgage + Patm
matter.
1. The density of a certain type of 8. Oil with a specific gravity of 0.8
jet fuel is 805 kg/m3. Determine is 0.91 m deep in an open tank
1 𝑣 its specific gravity. Pabs = Patm - Pvac which is otherwise filled with
ⱱ= 𝛒
= 𝑚
A. 1.217 C. 1.212 water. If the tank is 3.05 m
B. 0.805 D. 0.821 Pabs = 14.7 psi deep, what is the pressure at the
101.325 kPa bottom of the tank?
m = Mass 2. Find the specific gravity of 1 atm A. 22 KPa C. 26 KPa
v = volume gasoline if 51 g occupies 75 cm3. 760 mmHg B. 24 KPa D. 28 KPa
A. 0.76 C. 0.83 760 torr
B. 0.58 D. 0.68 1.013 bar

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Viscosity of a Fluid-is a measure of a 12. A liquid compressed in a cylinder has
10. An 18-kg slab slides down an 15
fluid's resistance to flow. It describes the a volume of 1500 cm3 at 1 MN/m2 Capillarity of a Fluid-Capillary rise or
inclined plane on a 3mm thick film of
internal friction of a moving fluid. and a volume of 1495 cm3. capillarity is a phenomenon in which liquid
SAE 10 oil (u = 0.0814 Pa-s) at 20C. spontaneously rises or falls in a narrow
Determine the bulk modulus of
The contact area is 0.3 m2. Find the space such as a thin tube or in the voids of a
elasticity.
terminal velocity of the slab. porous material.
ų𝑣𝐴
F= 𝜹
A. 5.36 m/s C. 4.94 m/s
A. 100 MPa
B. 150 MPa
C. 300 MPa
D. 200 MPa
B. 5.62 m/s D. 4.47 m/s
𝐹
S= 𝐴 h=
4𝜎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜽
11. An oil has a kinematic viscosity of
13. When a pressure of 2 MPa is applied 𝑦𝑑
ų𝑣 to a sample of kerosene, its
S= 𝜹
0.000125 m2/s and a specific gravity
of 0.8. What is the dynamic viscosity
contracts by o.15%. The bulk 𝜎 = surface tension
modulus of kerosene is ______. y = specific weight
in kg/m-s units? d = diameter
A. 13.33 MPa C. 0.3 MPa
A. 0.08 C. 0.125 𝜽 = contact angle
F = Force on the plate B. 0.235 GPa D. 1.3 GPa
B. 0.1 D. 1
A = Area of moving plate
S = Shear Stress 15. Water at 20 C (σ = 0.0736 N/m)
ų = absolute viscosity Surface Tension of the Fluids - defined as will rise in a clean 1-mm diameter
the property of the surface of a liquid that glass tube a distance of ______.
v = velocity
allows it to resist an external force, due to A. 1.7 cm C. 2.1 cm
𝝳 = distance between moving the cohesive nature of the water molecules.
Compressibility of a Fluid (B)-Is ratio of B. 3 cm D. 1.1 cm
and stationary plate the fractional change in Volume 𝝙V/V to the
change in Pressure 𝝙P. Dropplets:
Kinematic Viscosity-ratio of absolute Manometers - A manometer is one of the
𝑟(𝝙𝑃)
viscosity to its fluid mass density.
|𝝙𝑉/𝑉| 𝜎= most accurate devices for measuring
B= 𝝙𝑃 Bubbles:
2 pressure in the lower ranges.
ų
𝒗= 𝜎=
𝑟(𝝙𝑃)
𝛒 4 P1 = P 2
Bulk Modulus (E)-Is reciprocal of
ų = absolute viscosity
𝛒 = mass density
compressibility and is sometimes called
𝜎 = Surface Tension PA + y1h1 = PB + y2h2
coefficient of compressibility.
𝝙P = Change in Pressure
r = radius y = specific weight
𝝙𝑃
9. The upper plate is fixed while the
lower plate moves horizontally at 0.5
E= |𝝙𝑉/𝑉| 14. The surface tension of water in air is
h = height of fluid in a tube
P = Pressure
m/s. The plate separation is 0.001 approximately 0.0756 N/m. If the
m; the fluid viscosity is 0.0007 Pa-s. atmosphere pressure is `101 KPa. 16. A U-tube manometer, attached to an
Calculate the shear stress in the What is the absolute pressure inside air pressure pipe measures 20cm of
moving fluid. a droplet 0.254 mm diameter? mercury. The pressure in KPa in the
A. 0.050 Pa C. 0.25 Pa A. 102.2 KPa C. 103.4 KPa air pipe is ______.
B. 0.15 Pa D. 0.35 Pa B. 101.5 KPa D. 104.3 KPa A. 26.7 KPa C. 32.4 KPa
B. 38.6 KPa D. 42.5 KPa

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 17. A glass tube is bent into a form of
U-tube. A 50cm height of olive oil in
one arm is found to balance 46cm of
water in the other. What is the
density of olive oil?
A. 940 Kg/ m3 C. 920 Kg/m3
B. 950 Kg/m 3
D. 930 Kg/m3
Hydraulic Press - device consisting of a
cylinder fitted with a sliding piston that
exerts force upon a confined liquid, which, in
turn, produces a compressive force upon a
stationary anvil or baseplate.
19. In a hydraulic press such that the
large piston has the cross sectional
area of 200 cm2 and the small piston 20. Find the force acting on the bottom
has the cross sectional area of 5 of the aquarium having a base of 1 ft
cm2. If the force of 250N is applied by 2 ft and containing water at a
to a small piston, Find the force on depth of 1 ft?
the larger piston. A. 121 lbs C. 118 lbs
A. 6.25 KN C. 0.156 KN B. 132 lbs D. 125 lbs
B. 400 KN D. 10 KN
21. A laboratory room keeps a different
vacuum of 0.1 KPa. How much force
Hydrostatic Force - the resultant force is exerted on a 1m x 2m door?
caused by the pressure loading of a liquid A. 20.245 KN C. 0.2 KN
acting on submerged surfaces. B. 2.02 KN D. 202.45 KN
Archimedes Principle - states that the
upward buoyant force that is exerted on a
body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or
partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid
that the body displaces.
BF= 𝛄fluidVs
BF= SGfluid𝛄waterVs
BF = Buoyancy Force
Vs = Volume Submerged

P1 = P2 Horizontal: 22. A cubical tank with 4ft sides is filled 24. A 60-kg rectangular box, open at the
F =PA=𝜸Ah with water. The force in lbs top, has a base dimensions 1 m by
Vertical: developed on one of the vertical 0.8 m and depth 0.5 m. How deep
𝐹1 𝐹2
𝐴1
= 𝐴2 F =PA=𝜸Ah sides is nearest to _____.
A. 1000 lbs C. 2000 lbs
will itr sink in freshwater?
A. 6.5 cm C. 7.5 cm
𝐼𝑜
e = 𝐴ℎ B. 1500 lbs D. 2500 lbs B. 8.8 cm D. 9.8 cm
P = Pressure
F = Force 23. A tank of water has a 5-m high and 25. What percentage of the human body
A = Area 3 3-m wide gate in its vertical wall. will float in fresh water? Assume the
𝑏ℎ
Io= -rectangular The top edge of this gate is 2m average density of the human body
12 below the water surface. What to be 980 kg/m3.
3 hydrostatic force acting on this gate? A. 3% C. 2 %
18. In a hydraulic press the small 𝑏ℎ
cylinder has a diameter of 8cm, Io= -triangular A. 147 KN C. 367 KN B. 5.33 % D. 4.5 %
36 B. 490 KN D. 662 KN
while the larger piston has a
4
diameter of 22 cm. If the force of 𝞹𝑟
600N is applied to the small piston, Io= -circular Boyle’s Law - the pressure and volume of Discharge of Flowing Fluid
what is the force on the larger piston
4 a gas are inversely proportional to each
other as long as the temperature and the
neglecting friction? quantity of gas are kept constant. Q = AV
A. 4.54 KN C. 3.52 KN P = Pressure
B. 5.63 KN D. 6.57 KN F = Force M = 𝛒AV
A = Area P2 V2= P1 V1+ 𝛄𝙝
e = distance from center of gravity
to center of pressure Q = discharge rate in m3/s
Io = moment of inertia with respect P2 = Pressure at height 1 M = mass flow rate in kg/s
to centroid P1 = Pressure at height 2 A = cross sectional Area
V = velocity
𝛒 = density
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 31. A pipe has a diameter of 100 mm at 34. Water flows through a multi
Force from Striking Fluid to a plate - section A and a diameter of 50 mm sectional pipe placed horizontally on
PV=mRT 𝑚𝑉
at section B. If the velocity of the
incompressible fluid is 0.3 m/s at
the ground. The velocity is 3 m/s at
the entrance and 2.1 m/s at the exit.
F = 𝑀𝑉 = 𝑡 section A, what is the flow velocity at What is the pressure difference
R = 0.287 kJ/kg-K section B? between these two points?
𝑚
M = 𝑡
A. 0.95 m/s C. 1.2 m/s A. 0.2 KPa C. 2.3 KPa
26. A certain faucet has 7 gpm flow rate. B. 1.5 m/s D. 3.5 m/s B. 28 KPa D. 15 KPa
How many minutes can it fill a cubic
meter drum? 2 Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem- The total Power needed in discharging fluid
A. 33.8 C. 37.7 F = 𝛒𝐴𝑉 mechanical energy of the moving fluid
B. 42.4 D. 46.3 comprising the gravitational potential energy
of elevation, the energy associated with the
P = Q𝜸h
F = resisting force on a plate
m = mass of fluid fluid pressure and the kinetic energy of the
27. Compute the average speed of water
V = Velocity of striking fluid fluid motion, remains constant. Q = discharge rate in m3/s
in a pipe having an inside diameter
M = mass flow rate
of 5 cm and delivering 2.5 m3 of 2 2
𝑉 𝑃 𝑉 𝑃 Orifice - a small opening from which a fluid
water per hour? + +ℎ = + + ℎ + 𝐻𝐿
30. A jet of water 50 mm in diameter 2𝑔 𝜸 2𝑔 𝜸 flows out from the tank.
A. 0.38 m/s C. 0.96 m/s
issued from a nozzle with a velocity
B. 0.85 m/s D. 0.35 m/s
of 5 m/s acts on a fixed vertical
plate. Find the force exerted by the
h1= h2+HL 𝑉 = 𝐶𝑣 2𝑔ℎ
28. At what rate does water flow from a
plate. HL = Head Loss 𝑉𝑡 = 2𝑔ℎ
0.8 cm i.d faucet if the water 2
A. 52 N C. 58 N
pressure is 200 KPa?
B. 61 N D. 49 N
𝑉
= velocity head
A = CcAo
A. 0.001 m3/s C. 0.002 m3/s 2𝑔
B. 0.003 m3/s D. 0.004 m3/s
𝑃 Vt = theoretical velocity
Flow Equation = pressure head V = actual velocity
29. Water flows through a 3-inch 𝜸
diameter pipe at a velocity of 10ft/s. Cv = coefficient of velocity
Determine the mass flow rate. A1V1 = A2V2; Q1 = Q2 ℎ = elevation head A = Area of Stream
A. 0.952 slug/s C. 0.824 slug/s Ao = Orifice Area
B. 0.862 slug/s D. 0.933 slug/s 𝛒1A1V1 = 𝛒2A2V2 ; 32. What is the velocity head
Cc = coefficient of Contraction
corresponding to a flow velocity of
M1 = M2 10ft/s? Qt = AoV
A. 2.05 ft C. 1.75 ft
Q = CcAo𝐶𝑣 2𝑔ℎ
B. 2.25 ft D. 1.55 ft
Q = discharge rate in m3/s Q = CAo 2𝑔ℎ
M = mass flow rate in kg/s 33. At what velocity does water emerge
A = cross sectional Area of hose
C = Cc𝐶𝑣
from an orifice in a tank in which the
V = velocity gage pressure is 300 KPa?
𝛒 = density A. 32.4 m/s C. 35.7 m/s
B. 29.6 m/s D. 24.5 m/s

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35. For an orifice, head above the orifice
is 4m and Cv = 0.6. The actual
velocity of flow through the orifice
will be ______.
A. 5.32 m/s C. 6.86 m/s
B. 11.21 m/s D. 14.76 m/s

36. A tank discharges water through an

orifice 2.5 m below the water
surface. The cross sectional area of
the orifice hole is 0.05 m2. The
coefficient of contraction for the
orifice is 0.61 and the coefficient of
velocity is 0.98. Determine the
volumetric discharge.
A. 0.21 m3/s C. 0.41 m3/s
B. 0.33 m /s
3
D. 0.52 m3/s

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