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• Guide to the Use of Section 208: Earthquake Loads of

NSCP 2015: Drift (208.6.4)

WILFREDO S. LOPEZ, f.asep f.pice

Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

CONTENTS OF THE PRESENTATION

I. Introduction
II. Code Provisions for Drift: Wind and Earthquake
III. Sample Computation of Drift
IV. Building Separation

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Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

I. INTRODUCTION

STORY DRIFT or DRIFT is the lateral

displacement of one level relative
to the level above or below.

Deflected Shape

Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)
Design for drift and lateral stability
should be addressed in the early stages
of design development. In many cases,
especially in tall buildings or in cases
where torsion is a major contributor to
structural response, the drift criteria
can become a governing factor in
selection of the proper structural
system.

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Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

The lateral displacement or drift of a structural system under wind

or earthquake forces, is important from three different
perspectives:
1. structural stability;
2. architectural integrity and potential damage to various non‐
structural components; and
3 human comfort during, and after, the building experiences
these motions.

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Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)
Excessive and uncontrolled lateral displacements can create severe
structural problems. Empirical observations and theoretical dynamic
response studies have indicated a strong correlation between the
magnitude of interstory drift and building damage potential. In a study
made by Scholl (1984) the potential for drift related damage is highly
variable, and is dependent on the structural and nonstructural detailing
provided by the designer.

Source: Scholl, R.E., "Brace Dampers: An Alternative Structural System for Improving the Earthquake Performance of
Buildings," Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, Vol 5., Prentice Hall,
1984.

Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)
Scholl proposed the following generalization of damage potential in
relationship to the interstory drift index δ:
1. at δ = 0.001 ; nonstructural damage is probable
2. at δ = 0.002 ; nonstructural damage is likely
3. at δ = 0.007 ; nonstructural damage is relatively certain and structural
damage is likely
4. at δ = 0.015 ; nonstructural damage is certain and structural damage is
likely

Source: Scholl, R.E., "Brace Dampers: An Alternative Structural System for Improving the Earthquake Performance of
Buildings," Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, Vol 5., Prentice Hall,
1984.

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Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)
Code Provisions for Drift: WIND
Note: There is no specific drift limit on buildings for Wind. But ASCE 7‐
10 Appendix C provides recommendations for drift limit for wind
design as:

− Where: h is the building or story height

600 400

Some authors (SK Ghosh, 2014) suggest the drift limit for wind can be :

500 Where: H is the total building height

Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)
Code Provisions for Drift: WIND
The following load combination can be used to check short term effects:

0.5

in which Wa is wind load based on serviceability wind speeds. Some

designers have used a 10‐year MRI for checking drift under wind loads for
typical buildings (Griffis 1993), whereas others have used a 50‐year MRI or a
100‐year MRI for more drift‐sensitive buildings. The selection of the MRI for
serviceability evaluation is a matter of engineering judgment that should be
exercised in consultation with the building client. (ASCE7‐10: AppedixC)

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Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)
Earthquake Load: Design Base Shear, V: LSP
Minimum: (Eq. 208‐10)
(Eq. 208‐8)

Maximum: (Eq. 208‐9) Additional Minimum

For Zone 4: (Eq. 208‐11)

Note: The magnitude of the base shear is dependent on the structure

fundamental period and material response modification factor

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Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)
Earthquake Load: Design Base Shear, V: LSP
The structure fundamental period, t :

⁄ (Eq. 208‐12)
Method A:

Method B: 2 (Eq. 208‐14)

Limitations:
For Zone 4: 1.3 For Zone 2: 1.4

Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

208.6.4.1 A static, elastic analysis of the lateral force‐resisting

system shall be prepared using the design seismic forces from
∆ Section 208.5.2.1. Alternatively, dynamic analysis may be
performed in accordance with Section 208.5.3. Where Allowable
Stress Design is used and where drift is being computed, the load
combinations of Section 203.3 shall be used. The resulting
deformations, denoted as ∆ , shall be determined at all critical
locations in the structure. Calculated drift shall include
translational and torsional deflections.

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Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

208.6.5.2 Limitations
The design lateral forces used to determine the calculated drift
may disregard the limitations of Equations. 208‐11 and 208‐10 and
may be based on the period determined from Equations. 208‐14
neglecting the 30 or 40 percent limitations of Section 208.5.2.2.

Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

Minimum: (Eq. 208‐10)

(Eq. 208‐8)

Additional Minimum
For Zone 4: (Eq. 208‐11)
2

Maximum:
1.3 (Eq. 208‐9)

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Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

208.6.4.2 Determination of The Maximum Inelastic Response

Displacement, ∆
∆ 0.7 ∆ (Eq. 208‐21)
Limitations:
0.7 ∆ 0.025

0.7 ∆ 0.020

h – story height

Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

Exceptions:
1. These drift limits may be exceeded when it is demonstrated that greater
drift can be tolerated by both structural elements and nonstructural
elements that could affect life safety. The drift used in this assessment
shall be based upon the Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement, ∆

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Guide to the Use of NSCP Section 208: Earthquake Loads :

Drift (208.6.4)

2. There shall be no drift limit in single‐story steel framed

structures whose primary use is limited to storage, factories or
workshops. Minor accessory uses shall be allowed. Structures
on which this exception is used shall not have equipment
attached to the structural frame or shall have such equipment
detailed to accommodate the additional drift. Walls that are
laterally supported by the steel frame shall be designed to
accommodate the drift in accordance with Section 208.7.2.3.

Sample Computation:
Compute the drift for the sample five
level building shown.

Zone 4
R=8.5
Na=1.0
Nv=1.2

ELEVATION
PLAN

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∆
Deflected Shape

0.039

0.033

Story Drift
0.024

0.012

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Results of Drift Computations:

∆
Level H Overall Inter-story Inelastic Allowable Remarks
(m) Drift, ∆ Drift , ∆ Drift, ∆ Drift, ∆
(m) (m) (m) (m)
DECK 3.0 0.039 0.006 0.036 0.075 ok
4 3.0 0.033 0.009 0.054 0.075 ok
3 3.0 0.024 0.012 0.071 0.075 ok
2 3.0 0.012 0.012 0.071 0.075 ok

Inter‐story Drift: 0.7 0.52

8.5
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ 0.7 ∆ ∆ 0.025 ∆ 0.025

Sec. 208.7.2.9 Building Separation

All structures shall be separated from adjoining structures. Separations
shall allow for the displacement ∆m . Adjacent buildings on the same
property shall be separated by at least MT where:

∆ ; ∆ = the displacements of
adjacent buildings

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Sec. 208.7.2.9 Building Separation

When a structure adjoins a property line not common to a public way,

that structure shall also be set back from the property line by at least the
displacement of that structure. Exception: Smaller separations or
property line setbacks may be permitted when justified by rational
analyses based on maximum expected ground motions.

Sec. 208.7.2.9 Building Separation

(Eq. 208‐23)

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Sample Problem
Zone 4
R=8.5
Na=1.0
Nv=1.2

Compute the required

Separation gaps of the
two buildings.
Building A: 6 stories Building B: 5 stories

Buildings Behavior Under Seismic Actions

(at certain modes of vibration, pounding may occur)

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Results of Drift Computations: Building A

Level H Overall Inter-story Inelastic Allowable Remarks
(m) Drift, ∆ Drift , ∆ Drift, ∆ Drift, ∆
(m) (m) (m) (m)
DECK 3.0 0.056 0.005 0.030 0.075 ok
6 3.0 0.051 0.008 0.048 0.075 ok
5 3.0 0.043 0.010 0.060 0.075 ok
4 3.0 0.033 0.012 0.071 0.075 ok
3 3.0 0.021 0.012 0.071 0.075 ok
2 3.0 0.009 0.009 0.054 0.075 ok

Inelastic Drift, M1 = 0.048 m. (at level 6 = same as level deck of Building B)

Results of Drift Computations: Building B

Level H Overall Inter-story Inelastic Allowable Remarks
(m) Drift, ∆ Drift , ∆ Drift, ∆ Drift, ∆
(m) (m) (m) (m)
DECK 3.0 0.049 0.005 0.030 0.075 ok
5 3.0 0.044 0.009 0.054 0.075 ok
4 3.0 0.035 0.012 0.071 0.075 ok
3 3.0 0.023 0.012 0.071 0.075 ok
2 3.0 0.011 0.011 0.065 0.075 ok

Inelastic Drift, M2 = 0.030 m. (at Deck level = same as level 6 of Building A)

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Inelastic Drift, M1 0.048 m.

Inelastic Drift, M2 0.030 m.

∆ 0.048 0.030 0.06 . (required gaps between

Building A & B)

Building A Building B

If Building A is the one being designed and Building B is an existing

building, the separation must be computed on Building A as basic
information for Building B may be difficult to determine.

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From Drift Computation of

Building A, Maximum drift is
located at the Deck Level,
s 0.056 m.

Building A Building B

∆ 0.7 ∆
∆ 0.7 ∗ 8.5 ∗ 0.056 = 0.33 m. (setback of Building A from Building B)

Thank you for your attention!

End of Presentation!

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