Professional Documents
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Giving A Complete Bed Bath and Occupied Bed Making New
Giving A Complete Bed Bath and Occupied Bed Making New
Giving A Complete Bed Bath and Occupied Bed Making New
PRE-PROCEDURE
1. Identify the client, according to employer policy. This eliminates the possibility of mistaking one client for another.
□ Clean linen (see Making a Closed Bed, pp. 758–761) □ Two bath towels and two face towels
□ Powder
* Top sheet
□ Deodorant or antiperspirant
* Blanket or comforter (if used)
□ Brush and comb
□ Paper towels
* Two pillowcases (may be only one, depending on facility policy)
□ Gloves (Wear only when contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, or
* Gloves excretions is likely or when bathing the genital and rectal [perineal]
areas.)
* Laundry bag (follow employer policy for disposal of dirty linen)
By collecting all the necessary equipment
□ Wash basin
beforehand, you will not have to leave your client’s
□ Soap
side and can eliminate wasting time and energy in
□ Bath thermometer, if available
obtaining the forgotten equipment.
□ Orange stick, nail file, or soft nail brush
5. Place paper towels on the overbed table (in facilities) or on a work area within easy reach. Arrange items on top of paper towels.
10. Place the laundry bag (if available in your facility) near the bed or follow your employer’s policy.
11. Raise the bed to a comfortable working height. Follow the care plan for bed rail use.* Raising the bed will reduce your risk for back
strain.
12. Lower the head of the bed. It should be as flat as possible. Lower the bed rail near you if it is up.*
QUALIFICATION: CAREGIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROVIDE CARE AND SUPPORT TO ELDERLY
PROCEDURE
14. Cover the client with the top sheet. This ensures
15. Lower the head of the bed until flat if the client can
16. Raise the bed rail near you if bed rails are used. Fill the wash basin two thirds with
water, and test the water by using a bathwater thermometer (FIGURE 30–9) to
18. Lower the bed rail if it is up. 17 Help the client move to the side of the bed near you.
20. Make a mitt with the washcloth (FIGURE 30–10), and use it for the entire bath.
21. Wash around the client’s eyes with water. Do not use soap. Gently wipe from the inner part of the eye to the outer with a corner of the mitt (FIGURE 30–11).
Clean around the far eye first. Repeat this step to clean around the near eye, using a clean part of the mitt. This helps prevent the transfer of
22. Ask the client if you can use soap on the face. Some clients do not want soap used on the face, as it can cause drying.
23. Wash the face, ears, and neck. Rinse and pat dry with the towel that is on the chest.
24. Remove the client’s garments, but take care not to expose the client. Keep the client’s body,
except the area you are washing, covered with a sheet. Having waited until this time
to remove garments helps the client feel less exposed and more
25. Place a bath towel lengthwise under the client’s far arm. This helps protect the
linen.
26. Support the arm, with your palm under the client’s elbow and the client’s forearm resting on
your forearm.
27. Wash the arm, shoulder, and underarm (axilla) using long, firm strokes (FIGURE 30–12).
Using long, firm strokes increases circulation. Rinse and pat dry.
QUALIFICATION: CAREGIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROVIDE CARE AND SUPPORT TO ELDERLY
28. If the client’s hands and nails are visibly soiled with dried food or feces, place the basin on the towel, and place the client’s hand into the water (FIGURE
30–13). Follow your employer’s policy, as not all facilities allow placing the basin on the bed. Soaking is the only way to soften dried food or
Wash the hand well, and clean under fingernails with the client’s own orange stick, nail file, or soft nail brush. Ensure the wash basin is thoroughly cleaned
afterwards according to agency policy. Some agencies do not allow basins on the bed because if it spills on the floor, it creates
a safety hazard.
30. Remove the basin, and dry the hand well. Cover the client’s arm with the bath blanket.
31. Replace water in the basin if it is cooled, too soapy, or soiled. Repeat steps 25 to 30 for the near arm.
32. Place a bath towel across the client’s chest, and hold the towel in place. Pull the sheet from under the towel to the waist.
33. Lift the towel slightly, and wash the chest. While washing the chest and abdomen, observe the skin condition under the breasts, in the abdominal folds,
and in the groin. Do not expose the client. Rinse and pat dry, especially under the breasts (FIGURE 30–14). These areas can reveal the first sign
of skin breakdown and will need special skin care, which will be directed by the care plan. Your observations and
reporting of any changes will ensure that changes in skin condition will be addressed.
QUALIFICATION: CAREGIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROVIDE CARE AND SUPPORT TO ELDERLY
34. Turn the towel so that it is lengthwise over the chest and abdomen. Do not expose the client. Pull the sheet down to the pubic area. This helps ensure
35. Lift the towel slightly, and wash the abdomen (FIGURE 30–15). Rinse and pat dry.
36. Pull sheet up to the shoulders, covering both arms. Remove the towel.
37. If bed rails are used, raise the bed rail. Change soapy, soiled, or cooled water. Measure temperature as in step 16. Lower the bed rail when you return.
38. Uncover the far leg. Do not expose the genital area. Place a towel lengthwise under the foot and leg.
39. Bend the client’s knee if it is comfortable for your client, and support the leg with your arm. Wash the leg with long, firm strokes. Rinse and pat dry.
40. Place the towel under the client’s feet. Wash the client’s feet. If the client’s feet are visibly dirty, and they need to soak in water to remove the dirt, it is
41. Use an orange stick, nail file, or soft nail brush to clean under toenails if necessary. If the client cannot bend the knee, wash the foot, carefully separating
and washing between the toes. Rinse and pat dry. Bacteria can grow in the area between toes if not dried properly.
43. If bed rails are used, raise the bed rail near you. Change the water. Measure temperature as in step 16. Lower the bed rail when you return. This helps
44. Turn the client onto the side facing away from you. Keep the client covered with the bath towel or a sheet.
45. Uncover the back and buttocks. Do not needlessly expose areas not being bathed. This helps to keep the client warmer and respects
the client’s right to privacy. Place a towel lengthwise on the bed along the back.
46. Wash the back. Work from the back of the neck to the lower end of the buttocks. Use long, firm, continuous strokes (FIGURE 30–16). Rinse and dry well.
QUALIFICATION: CAREGIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROVIDE CARE AND SUPPORT TO ELDERLY
47. After the bath, give a back massage (see the procedure Giving a Back Massage
48. Turn the client onto the back. Cover the client with the sheet.
49. If bed rails are used, raise the bed rail near you. Change the water to provide
perineal care. Measure water temperature as in step 16. Lower the bed rail when
you return.
50. Allow the client to wash the genital area, if able. Place the wash basin, soap,
and towels within easy reach. Place the call bell (in facilities) within reach. Ask
the client to call you when finished. Make sure the client understands what to do.
51. If the client cannot do perineal self-care, put on gloves, and provide perineal care for the client (see the procedures on pp. 642 and 646).
52. Apply deodorant or antiperspirant and lotion, as directed by the care plan or by the client.
55. Put on gloves when handling linens soiled with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.
57. Remove the bedspread and blanket separately. Fold them as shown in FIGURE 34–25 if you will reuse them. Place each over a chair.
58. Leave the top sheet on your client to provide warmth and privacy.
60. Position the client on the side of the bed opposite to where you will begin
changing the bed. Adjust the pillow for comfort and ensure that side rails are
up (if available).
61. Loosen old bottom linen from the head of the bed to the foot of the bed.
62. Fan-fold old bottom linens one at a time toward the client. Start with the
old incontinence pad (if used) (FIGURE 34–26). If the incontinence pad is
heavily soiled, remove the pad or roll it tightly to contain the soiling.
QUALIFICATION: CAREGIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROVIDE CARE AND SUPPORT TO ELDERLY
63. Cleanse the client’s buttock and genital area if necessary. (See the procedure Giving a Complete Bedbath on page 628 of Chapter 30.)
64. Place a clean incontinence pad over the old incontinence pad. Fan-fold toward the client, tucking it next to the client, preventing further contact between
the wet or soiled incontinence pad and the client’s skin. If the client is left to lie on a wet or soiled incontinence pad, skin
65. If your facility uses a mattress pad on the bed, unfold it lengthwise, with the centre crease in the middle.
66. If using a flat bottom sheet, place the clean sheet on the mattress pad (if used) or on the mattress, with the hem stitching away from the client. Unfold the
sheet so that the crease is in the middle and the small hem is even with the bottom of the mattress. If using a fitted bottom sheet, place and unfold the sheet
in the same way as with a flat sheet, but fit the sheet one corner at a time.
67. Make a mitred corner at the head of the bed (if using a flat sheet). Tuck the sheet under the mattress from the head to the foot.
68. Pull the clean incontinence pad (if used) toward you over the bottom sheet. Fan-fold both toward the client.
69. Raise the bed rail if it was used. Go to the other side, and lower the bed rail.* This reduces the risk for client injury.
70. Explain to the client that the client will roll over a bump. Assure the client that there is no risk for a fall.
71. Help the client turn to the other side. Adjust the pillow for the client’s comfort.
72. Remove the soiled incontinence pad and loosen bottom linen. Remove one piece at a time, and place each piece in the laundry bag (if available), or follow
73. Remove and discard gloves if they were worn. Wash your hands.
75. Pull the fan-folded clean bottom sheet and incontinence pad toward you, ensuring the client is now on a smooth, lump-free surface. Make a mitred corner
at the top if using a flat sheet. Tuck the sheet under the mattress from the head to the foot of the bed. If using a fitted sheet, pull over each corner. A
smooth, tight foundation reduces the chance of skin irritation and discomfort.
77. Place the client in the supine position in the centre of the bed. Adjust the pillow for comfort.
78. Put a clean top sheet on the bed. Unfold it lengthwise. The crease is in the middle, and the large hem is even with the top of the mattress. Hem stitching is
79. Ask the client to hold on to the clean top sheet so that you can remove the old top sheet from beneath. If the client is unable to help, tuck the clean top
sheet under the client’s shoulders. Remove the old top sheet.
80. Place the blanket (if used) on the bed. Unfold it so that the crease is in the middle and it covers the client. The upper hem should be 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in.)
81. Place the bedspread (if used) on the bed. Unfold it so that the centre crease is in the middle and it covers the client. The top hem is even with the mattress
top.
82. Turn the top hem of the bedspread under the blanket to make a cuff.
83. Bring the top sheet down over the bedspread to form a cuff.
85. Make a toe pleat using the top linens. Make a 5-cm (2-in.) pleat across the foot of the bed. The pleat is about 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in.) from the foot of the
86. Lift the mattress corner with one arm. Tuck all top linens under the mattress together. Make a mitred corner.
87. Raise the bed rail if it was used. Go to the other side, and lower the bed rail.*
89. Tuck the top linens under the mattress. Make a mitred corner.
91. Raise the head of the bed to a level appropriate for the client, or use pillows to position the client.
POST-PROCEDURE
93. Place the call bell within reach.* This provides an easy, safe way for the client to contact staff, if necessary.
94. Lower the bed to its lowest position. Follow the care plan for bed rail use.*
95. Empty and clean the wash basin. Return it and other supplies to their proper places. This makes them easier to find the next time they are needed.
96. Wipe the overbed table or work area with paper towels. Discard the paper towels.
100. Report and Record your actions and observations, according to employer policy. This is done for legal reasons and to keep the rest of
□ Wash basin
□ Soap
□ Washcloth
□ Flat sheet
□ Lotion
□ Powder
□ Deodorant or antiperspirant
□ Paper towels
□ Gloves (Wear only when contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions is likely or when bathing the genital and rectal
[perineal] areas.)
* Top sheet
* Gloves
5. Place paper towels on the overbed table (in facilities) or on a work area within easy reach. Arrange items on top of paper towels.
10. Place the laundry bag (if available in your facility) near the bed or follow your employer’s policy.
11. Raise the bed to a comfortable working height. Follow the care plan for bed rail use.*
12. Lower the head of the bed. It should be as flat as possible. Lower the bed rail near you if it is up.*
PROCEDURE
14. Cover the client with the top sheet. This ensures client warmth and privacy.
15. Lower the head of the bed until flat if the client can tolerate this position.*
16. Raise the bed rail near you if bed rails are used. Fill the wash basin two thirds with water, and test the water by using a bathwater
thermometer.
18. Lower the bed rail if it is up. Help the client move to the side of the bed near you.
20. Make a mitt with the washcloth (FIGURE 30–10), and use it for the entire bath.
21. Wash around the client’s eyes with water. Do not use soap. Gently wipe from the inner part of the eye to the outer with a corner of the
mitt. Clean around the far eye first. Repeat this step to clean around the near eye, using a clean part of the mitt.
QUALIFICATION: CAREGIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROVIDE CARE AND SUPPORT TO ELDERLY
22. Ask the client if you can use soap on the face. Some clients do not want soap used on the face, as it can cause drying.
23. Wash the face, ears, and neck. Rinse and pat dry with the towel that is on the chest.
24. Remove the client’s garments, but take care not to expose the client. Keep the client’s body, except the area you are washing, covered
with a sheet.
25. Place a bath towel lengthwise under the client’s far arm.
26. Support the arm, with your palm under the client’s elbow and the client’s forearm resting on your forearm.
27. Wash the arm, shoulder, and underarm (axilla) using long, firm strokes.
28. If the client’s hands and nails are visibly soiled with dried food or feces, place the basin on the towel, and place the client’s hand into
the water. Follow your employer’s policy, as not all facilities allow placing the basin on the bed.
Wash the hand well, and clean under fingernails with the client’s own orange stick, nail file, or soft nail brush. Ensure the wash basin is
thoroughly cleaned afterwards according to agency policy.
30. Remove the basin, and dry the hand well. Cover the client’s arm with the bath blanket.
31. Replace water in the basin if it is cooled, too soapy, or soiled. Repeat steps 25 to 30 for the near arm.
32. Place a bath towel across the client’s chest, and hold the towel in place. Pull the sheet from under the towel to the waist.
33. Lift the towel slightly, and wash the chest. While washing the chest and abdomen, observe the skin condition under the breasts, in the
abdominal folds, and in the groin. Do not expose the client. Rinse and pat dry, especially under the breasts.
34. Turn the towel so that it is lengthwise over the chest and abdomen. Do not expose the client. Pull the sheet down to the pubic area. This
helps ensure privacy as much as possible.
35. Lift the towel slightly, and wash the abdomen (FIGURE 30–15). Rinse and pat dry.
36. Pull sheet up to the shoulders, covering both arms. Remove the towel.
37. If bed rails are used, raise the bed rail. Change soapy, soiled, or cooled water. Measure temperature as in step 16. Lower the bed rail
when you return.
38. Uncover the far leg. Do not expose the genital area. Place a towel lengthwise under the foot and leg.
39. Bend the client’s knee if it is comfortable for your client, and support the leg with your arm. Wash the leg with long, firm strokes. Rinse
and pat dry.
40. Place the towel under the client’s feet. Wash the client’s feet. If the client’s feet are visibly dirty, and they need to soak in water to
remove the dirt, it is usually safer and easier to wash them during a tub bath.
41. Use an orange stick, nail file, or soft nail brush to clean under toenails if necessary. If the client cannot bend the knee, wash the foot,
carefully separating and washing between the toes. Rinse and pat dry.
43. If bed rails are used, raise the bed rail near you. Change the water. Measure temperature as in step 16. Lower the bed rail when you
return.
44. Turn the client onto the side facing away from you. Keep the client covered with the bath towel or a sheet.
45. Uncover the back and buttocks. Do not needlessly expose areas not being bathed.
46. Wash the back. Work from the back of the neck to the lower end of the buttocks. Use long, firm, continuous strokes. Rinse and dry well.
47. After the bath, give a back massage if the client wants one.
48. Turn the client onto the back. Cover the client with the sheet.
49. If bed rails are used, raise the bed rail near you. Change the water to provide perineal care. Measure water temperature as in step 16.
Lower the bed rail when you return.
50. Allow the client to wash the genital area, if able. Place the wash basin, soap, and towels within easy reach. Place the call bell (in
facilities) within reach. Ask the client to call you when finished. Make sure the client understands what to do. Answer calls for assistance
promptly.
51. If the client cannot do perineal self-care, put on gloves, and provide perineal care for the client.
52. Apply deodorant or antiperspirant and lotion, as directed by the care plan or by the client.
55. Put on gloves when handling linens soiled with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.
57. Remove the bedspread and blanket separately. Fold if you will reuse them. Place each over a chair.
58. Leave the top sheet on your client to provide warmth and privacy.
60. Position the client on the side of the bed opposite to where you will begin changing the bed. Adjust the pillow for comfort and ensure
that side rails are up (if available).
61. Loosen old bottom linen from the head of the bed to the foot of the bed.
62. Fan-fold old bottom linens one at a time toward the client. Start with the old incontinence pad (if used). If the incontinence pad is
heavily soiled, remove the pad or roll it tightly to contain the soiling.
64. Place a clean incontinence pad over the old incontinence pad. Fan-fold toward the client, tucking it next to the client, preventing
further contact between the wet or soiled incontinence pad and the client’s skin.
65. If your facility uses a mattress pad on the bed, unfold it lengthwise, with the centre crease in the middle.
QUALIFICATION: CAREGIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROVIDE CARE AND SUPPORT TO ELDERLY
66. If using a flat bottom sheet, place the clean sheet on the mattress pad (if used) or on the mattress, with the hem stitching away from
the client. Unfold the sheet so that the crease is in the middle and the small hem is even with the bottom of the mattress. If using a fitted
bottom sheet, place and unfold the sheet in the same way as with a flat sheet, but fit the sheet one corner at a time.
67. Make a mitred corner at the head of the bed (if using a flat sheet). Tuck the sheet under the mattress from the head to the foot.
68. Pull the clean incontinence pad (if used) toward you over the bottom sheet. Fan-fold both toward the client.
69. Raise the bed rail if it was used. Go to the other side, and lower the bed rail.*
70. Explain to the client that the client will roll over a bump. Assure the client that there is no risk for a fall.
71. Help the client turn to the other side. Adjust the pillow for the client’s comfort.
72. Remove the soiled incontinence pad and loosen bottom linen. Remove one piece at a time, and place each piece in the laundry bag (if
available), or follow your employer’s policy for care of dirty linens.
73. Remove and discard gloves if they were worn. Wash your hands.
75. Pull the fan-folded clean bottom sheet and incontinence pad toward you, ensuring the client is now on a smooth, lump-free surface.
Make a mitred corner at the top if using a flat sheet. Tuck the sheet under the mattress from the head to the foot of the bed. If using a fitted
sheet, pull over each corner.
77. Place the client in the supine position in the centre of the bed. Adjust the pillow for comfort.
78. Put a clean top sheet on the bed. Unfold it lengthwise. The crease is in the middle, and the large hem is even with the top of the
mattress. Hem stitching is on the outside.
79. Ask the client to hold on to the clean top sheet so that you can remove the old top sheet from beneath. If the client is unable to help,
tuck the clean top sheet under the client’s shoulders. Remove the old top sheet.
80. Place the blanket (if used) on the bed. Unfold it so that the crease is in the middle and it covers the client. The upper hem should be 15
to 20 cm (6 to 8 in.) from the top of the mattress.
81. Place the bedspread (if used) on the bed. Unfold it so that the centre crease is in the middle and it covers the client. The top hem is even
with the mattress top.
82. Turn the top hem of the bedspread under the blanket to make a cuff.
83. Bring the top sheet down over the bedspread to form a cuff.
85. Make a toe pleat using the top linens. Make a 5-cm (2-in.) pleat across the foot of the bed. The pleat is about 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in.)
from the foot of the bed.
86. Lift the mattress corner with one arm. Tuck all top linens under the mattress together. Make a mitred corner.
QUALIFICATION: CAREGIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROVIDE CARE AND SUPPORT TO ELDERLY
87. Raise the bed rail if it was used. Go to the other side, and lower the bed rail.*
89. Tuck the top linens under the mattress. Make a mitred corner.
91. Raise the head of the bed to a level appropriate for the client, or use pillows to position the client.
POST-PROCEDURE
94. Lower the bed to its lowest position. Follow the care plan for bed rail use.*
95. Empty and clean the wash basin. Return it and other supplies to their proper places.
96. Wipe the overbed table or work area with paper towels. Discard the paper towels.
100. Report and Record your actions and observations, according to employer policy.
TOTAL