4A Lesson Worksheet 6.0 (Refer to Book 4A P.6.

3)

Objective: To review the addition, subtraction and multiplication of polynomials, identities and
factorization of polynomials.

Polynomials

Complete the following table. [Nos. 1–2] Review Ex: 1

No. of Coefficients of Constant

Polynomial Variable Degree
terms x 4
x 3
x 2
x term
3 2
1. 6x + 13x – 7x – 9
2. 1 – 4x2 + 9x3 – 16x4

Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials

Simplify the following expressions and arrange the terms in ascending powers of x. [Nos. 3–4]
3. (x + 5) + (x2 – 3x – 16) 4. (x2 – 12x + 7) – (2 – 9x – 3x2) Review Ex: 2, 3
= x + 5 + x2 – ( )x – ( ) =
=
Order of terms:
constant, x, x2

Simplify the following expressions and arrange the terms in descending powers of x. [Nos. 5–6]
5. (x2 – 8x + 6) + (2x – 4) 6. (5x2 + 11x – 12) – (–3 + 4x + x2)
= x 2 – 8x + 6 + ( )x – ( ) =
=
Order of terms:
x2, x, constant

Multiplication of Polynomials

Expand the following expressions and arrange the terms in descending powers of x. [Nos. 7–10]
7. (x + 4)(x + 7) 8. (x – 3)(2x + 5) Review Ex: 4
2
=x +( )x + ( )x + ( ) (x + 4)(x + 7) =
=

9. (7x + 1)(x2 – x + 2) 10. (x – 9)(x2 + 3x – 1)

= =

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Identities

11. If x2 + ax + 13 ≡ x2 – 5x + b, find the values of a and b. Review Ex: 5

a= ,b=

12. If (x – a)(x + 5) ≡ (x + 1)2 + b, find the values of a and b.

L.H.S. = x2 – ( )x + ( )x – ( ) First expand the L.H.S.
and the R.H.S.
=
R.H.S. =
≡
Comparing like terms on both sides, we have

Factorization of Polynomials

Factorize the following expressions. [Nos. 13–18] Review Ex: 6

2 2
13. 4x – 25 a2 – b2 ≡ (a + b)(a – b) 14. x + 16x + 64 a2 + 2ab + b2 ≡ (a + b)2

= =

15. 9x 2 – 6x + 1 a2 – 2ab + b2 ≡ (a – b)2 16. x2 – 8x + 15 ( ) ( )

= = ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) = –8x

17. x2 – 5x – 14 18. 5x 2 + 4x – 1
= =

Level Up Question

19. (a) Factorize 3x2 + x – 2 and 3x2 + xy – 2y2.
(b) Factorize 3x2 + xy – 2y2 + 12x – 8y.

57
4A Lesson Worksheet 6.1A (Refer to Book 4A P.6.5)

Objective: To perform the division of polynomials by monomials.

Review: Division of Positive Integers

Find the quotient and the remainder in each of the following. [Nos. 1–2]
1. 84 ÷ 7 2. 635 ÷ 3

) )

Quotient = Quotient =
Remainder = Remainder =

Dividing a Polynomial by a Monomial

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

Find the quotient and the remainder when Find the quotient and the remainder when 2x2 + 3x is
x2 + 3x + 1 is divided by x. divided by x.
x +3 Quotient
Divisor x ) x 2 + 3x + 1 Dividend (terms arranged )( ) x2 + ( )x
x2 in descending powers of x) ( ) x2
3x ( )x
3x ( )x
1 Remainder

Quotient = x + 3 Quotient =
Remainder = 1 Remainder =

Find the quotient and the remainder in each of the following. [Nos. 3–6]
3. (4x2 + 4x + 7) ÷ x 4. (6x2 – 2x + 3) ÷ x

)( )x2 + ( )x + ( ) )( ) x2 – ( )x + ( )
( )x2 ( )
( )x ( )x
( )x
( )
Quotient = Quotient =
Remainder = Remainder =
5. (5x2 + 3x – 1) ÷ x 6. (2x3 – 7x2) ÷ x
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 )( )x2 + ( )x – ( )

Quotient =
Remainder =

Instant Example 2 Instant Practice 2

Find the quotient and the remainder when 2x2 – 6x Find the quotient and the remainder when
is divided by 2x. 9x2 + 3x + 8 is divided by 3x.
x –3
2x ) 2x 2 – 6x )( ) x2 + ( )x + ( )
2x 2 ( ) x2
–6x ( )x
–6x ( )x
( )
Quotient = x – 3 Quotient =
Remainder = 0 Remainder =
Find the quotient and the remainder in each of the following. [Nos. 7–8]
7. (4x2 – 2x + 1) ÷ 2x 8. (3x2 + 3x – 4) ÷ 3x Ex 6A: 1–3

Level Up Question

9. (a) Find the quotient and the remainder when 3x3 + 7x2 – x is divided by x.
(b) By using the results of (a), find the quotient and the remainder when 3(u + 2)3 + 7(u + 2)2 – u – 2
is divided by (u + 2).

59
4A Lesson Worksheet 6.1B (Refer to Book 4A P.6.7)

Objective: To perform the division of polynomials by polynomials.

Review: Dividing a Polynomial by a Monomial

Use long division to find the quotient and the remainder in each of the following. [Nos. 1–2]
1. (2x2 + 3x – 5) ÷ x 2. (4x2 – 4x + 1) ÷ 2x

)( ) x2 + ( )x – ( ) )( ) x2 – ( )x + ( )
( ) x2
( )x
( )x
( )
Quotient = Quotient =
Remainder = Remainder =

Dividing a Polynomial by a Polynomial

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

Find the quotient and the remainder when Find the quotient and the remainder when x2 – 2x – 1
x2 + 3x + 2 is divided by x + 2. is divided by x – 4.
x +1
x + 2 ) x 2 + 3x + 2 x–( ) ) x2 – ( )x – ( )
x 2 + 2x  x(x + 2) = x2 + 2x x2 – ( )x
x+2 ( )x – ( )
x+2  1(x + 2) = x + 2 ( )x – ( )
In each step of division,
( )
Quotient = x + 1 the aim is to eliminate Quotient =
the left-most term of the
Remainder = 0 dividend. Remainder =

Find the quotient and the remainder in each of the following. [Nos. 3–6]
3. (x2 + 5x – 12) ÷ (x – 3) 4. (2x2 + 9x – 5) ÷ (x + 5) Ex 6A: 4–8, 11–14

) x2 + ( )x – ( )
x2 – ( )x
( )x – ( )

Quotient =
Remainder =

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5. (4x2 + 3x + 2) ÷ (4x – 1) 6. (–5x – 8 + 3x2) ÷ (3x + 4) Arrange the terms
of the dividend in
descending
powers of x.

Instant Example 2 Instant Practice 2

Find the quotient and the remainder when Find the quotient and the remainder when 2x2 – 7 is
5x2 + 1 is divided by x – 1. divided by x + 2.
5x + 5
x – 1 ) 5 x 2 + 0x + 1  Insert a term with zero coefficient ) ( ) x2 + ( )x – ( )
5x 2 – 5x for the missing term in the ( ) x2 + ( )x
dividend.
5x + 1 ( )x – ( )
5x – 5 ( )x – ( )
6 ( )
Quotient = 5x + 5 Quotient =
Remainder = 6 Remainder =

Find the quotient and the remainder in each of the following. [Nos. 7–8]
7. (2x3 + 5x2 + 3) ÷ (x + 3) 8. (1 – 7x + 9x3) ÷ (3x – 2) Ex 6A: 9, 10, 15, 16

)( ) x3 + ( ) x2 + ( )x + ( )
( ) x3 + ( ) x2
( ) x2 + ( )x

Quotient =
Remainder =

Level Up Question

9. Find the quotient and the remainder when x3 – x2 + 2x – 1 is divided by x2 + x + 1.

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4A Lesson Worksheet 6.1C (Refer to Book 4A P.6.11)

Objective: To use the division algorithm to find the dividend and the divisor.

Review: Division of Integers

In each of the following, express the dividend in terms of the divisor, the quotient and the remainder. [Nos. 1–2]
1. 36 ÷ 5 7 Quotient 2. 58 ÷ 7
Divisor 5 ) 36 Dividend ) 58
35
1 Remainder
Dividend = divisor quotient + remainder Dividend =
36 = ( ) =

Division Algorithm of Polynomials

Dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder
The degree of the remainder must be less than the degree of the divisor.

Find the dividend in each of the following. [Nos. 3–6]

3. Divisor = x + 1, quotient = 2x – 5, 4. Divisor = x – 2, quotient = 5x + 6,
remainder = 0 remainder = 5 Ex 6A: 17–19
Dividend = divisor quotient + remainder Dividend =
=( )
=

5. Divisor = x – 4, quotient = x2 + 3, 6. Divisor = 2x + 3, quotient = x2 + 5,

remainder = 6 remainder = –8

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

In a division of polynomials, the dividend is In a division of polynomials, the dividend is
x2 + 2x – 4, the quotient is x + 1 and the remainder x2 – 7x + 8, the quotient is x – 6 and the remainder
is –5. Find the divisor. is 2. Find the divisor.
Dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder Dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder
2
x + 2x – 4 = divisor × (x + 1) + (–5) x +1 ( ) = divisor × ( )+( )
x + 1) x2 + 2x + 1
x2 + 2x + 1 = divisor × (x + 1) x2 + x =
2 x+1
Divisor = (x + 2x + 1) ÷ (x + 1) x+1
=x+1
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Find the divisor in each of the following. [Nos. 7–10]
7. Dividend = 2x2 + 3x – 5, quotient = x + 3, 8. Dividend = 6x2 – 9x – 8, quotient = 2x – 5,
remainder = 4 remainder = 7 Ex 6A: 20–23

Dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder

=

9. Dividend = 8x2 – 18x + 3, quotient = 4x – 1, 10. Dividend = x3 + 11x2 + 21x – 7, quotient = x + 2,

remainder = –1 remainder = –13

11. When 3x2 + ax + b is divided by x – 8, the 12. When ax2 + 2x + b is divided by 2x – 1, the
quotient is 3x + 1 and the remainder is 5. quotient is 4x + 3 and the remainder is 4.
Find the values of a and b. Find the values of a and b. Ex 6A: 37–39

Dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder

=

3x2 + ax + b ≡
Comparing like terms on both sides, we have
a= ,b=

Level Up Question

13. When a polynomial P is divided by x + 4, the quotient is 7x – 1 and the remainder is –2.
(a) Find P. (b) Find the quotient and the remainder of P ÷ (x – 1).

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

6 More about Polynomials

Consolidation Exercise 6A

Level 1
Find the quotient and the remainder in each of the following. [Nos. 1–20]
1. (8x2 + 10x) ÷ (2x) 2. (6x2 + 6x − 3) ÷ (2x)

3. (15x2 − 12x + 4) ÷ (3x) 4. (12x2 + 8x − 5) ÷ (4x)

5. (x2 + 5x − 6) ÷ (x + 1) 6. (2x2 + 7x + 8) ÷ (x − 1)

7. (2x2 − 3x − 11) ÷ (2x − 1) 8. (4x2 + 8x − 15) ÷ (2x + 3)

9. (2x2 − 11) ÷ (x + 3) 10. (4x2 + 8) ÷ (x − 2)

11. (x3 + 2x2 − 3x + 1) ÷ (x − 3) 12. (2x3 − x2 − 5x − 12) ÷ (2x + 1)

13. (6x2 − 6x + 3x3 − 13) ÷ (x + 2) 14. (−x2 + 6x3 − 6 + 7x) ÷ (3x − 2)

15. (8x − 5 − 6x2 + 4x3) ÷ (2x − 3) 16. (7x2 + 6x3 + 2x + 5) ÷ (6x − 5)

17. (x3 − 3x2 + 9) ÷ (4 − x) 18. (9x3 − 7x − 1) ÷ (1 − 3x)

19. (x3 + 4) ÷ (x + 1) 20. (8x3 − 7) ÷ (2x + 1)

Find the dividend in each of the following. [Nos. 21–24]

21. Divisor = x − 2, quotient = 2x + 3, remainder = 5

22. Divisor = 2x + 1, quotient = 3x + 7, remainder = −9

23. Divisor = 3x − 5, quotient = x2 − 3x − 8, remainder = −6

24. Divisor = 3 − x, quotient = 2x2 − 4x + 3, remainder = 11

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Find the divisor in each of the following. [Nos. 25–28]
25. Dividend = 2x2 + 8x − 3, quotient = 2x, remainder = −3

26. Dividend = x2 − 7x − 5, quotient = x + 1, remainder = 3

27. Dividend = x3 − 6x2 + 13x − 19, quotient = x − 5, remainder = 21

28. Dividend = 2x3 − x2 + 4x + 10, quotient = 2x + 3, remainder = −5

Level 2
Find the quotient and the remainder in each of the following. [Nos. 29–38]
29. (x3 + 4x2 − 5x + 8) ÷ (x2 + 2x − 1) 30. (2x3 − 3x2 + 9x − 4) ÷ (x2 − x + 3)

31. (4x3 − 6x2 + x + 5) ÷ (2x2 − 2x − 5) 32. (3x3 + 7x2 − 10x + 6) ÷ (3x2 − 2 + x)

33. (x3 + 2x2 + 5x − 11) ÷ (x2 + 3) 34. (2x3 − 4x2 − 5x + 3) ÷ (2x2 − 1)

35. (6x3 − 3x2 + 4x − 2) ÷ (3x2 + 2) 36. (9 − 5x + x3) ÷ (x2 − 2x − 1)

37. (7x2 − 3x3 − 15) ÷ (2 − x2) 38. (5x + 4x2 − 6x3) ÷ (−3 + 2x2)

Find the divisor in each of the following. [Nos. 39–42]

39. Dividend = x3 + 6x2 + 9x − 8, quotient = x + 3, remainder = 2x − 2

40. Dividend = 2x3 + 7x2 − 11x − 5, quotient = x2 + 3x − 7, remainder = 2

41. Dividend = 4x3 − 16x2 + 21x − 3, quotient = 2x2 − 5x + 3, remainder = 6

42. Dividend = 3x3 + 2x2 − 19x − 1, quotient = (3x − 1)(x + 3), remainder = −7

43. When x2 + ax − 4 is divided by x − 2, the quotient and the remainder are x + 5 and 6 respectively. Find
the value of a.

44. When x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 6 is divided by x + b, the quotient and the remainder are x2 + 2x + 1 and 3
respectively. Find the value of b.

45. When x2 + ax + b is divided by x + 4, the quotient and the remainder are x − 2 and −7 respectively.
Find the values of a and b.

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46. When 2x2 + 5x + b is divided by 2x + c, the quotient and the remainder are x + 3 and −2 respectively.
Find the values of b and c.

47. When 3x2 + mx − 5 is divided by 3x − 2, the quotient and the remainder are x + n and 3 respectively.
Find the values of m and n.

48. When 2x3 + Ax2 + Bx + C is divided by 2x2 − 3x + 2, the quotient and the remainder are x − 3 and x + 2
respectively. Find the values of A, B and C.

49. When 6x3 − 17x2 − x + A is divided by 3x2 − Bx − 5, the quotient and the remainder are 2x − 1 and
Cx − 3 respectively. Find the values of A, B and C.

50. When a polynomial P is divided by 2x2 − 3, the quotient and the remainder are x − 5 and x − 2
respectively.
(a) Find P.
(b) Find the quotient and the remainder of P ÷ (x − 1).

51. When f (x) = x3 + x2 − 2x + 1 is divided by x2 + 2x − 5, the quotient is h(x) and the remainder is 5x − 4.
(a) Find h(x).
(b) Find the quotient and the remainder when f (x) is divided by h(x).

52. When f (x) = 6x2 + hx − 8 is divided by 2x + 3, the quotient and the remainder are 3x + k and −14
respectively.
(a) Find the values of h and k.
(b) Find the quotient and the remainder of f (x) ÷ (3x − 4).

53. When f (x) = 2x3 + Ax2 + 8 is divided by x2 + 3x + B, the quotient and the remainder are 2x + 1 and
Cx + 10 respectively.
(a) Find the values of A, B and C.
(b) Find the quotient and the remainder of f (x) ÷ (x + 2).

54. When x3 + 6x2 + ax − 3 is divided by x2 + x − 2, the remainder is a constant k.

(a) Find the value of a.
(b) Find the value of k.

55. When 2x3 − 9x2 + ax + 10 is divided by x2 − 2x + b, the remainder is 0. Find the values of a and b.

56. (a) Find the remainder when 2x3 + x2 − 6x − 3 is divided by x2 − x − 2.

(b) Let f (x) = (2x3 + x2 − 6x − 3) + (ax + b). When f (x) is divided by x2 − x − 2, the remainder is 0.
Find the values of a and b.

66