REVIEWER IN SPECIAL TOPICS IN
EDUCATION committed suicide in 2021 at the height of the
MENTAL HEALTH
• Mental health remains misunderstood. It is still
considered a taboo and it’s not talked about.
• A 2014 report of the World Health Organization
(WHO) indicated that there were 2,558 suicide
cases due to mental health problems in 2012
alone.
According to National Center for Mental Health’s
statistics:
- Suicide rate for men: 2.5 per 100,000 members
of the population
- Suicide rate for women: 1.7 per 100,000
members of the population
➢ Only 1 psychiatrist per 250,000 mentally ill
patients, far from the ideal ratio of one is to
50,000. The country only spends 5% of the
National budget on mental health.
Suicides rise among Pinoy youth; pandemic takes toll
on mental health
As the Covid-19 pandemic may have worsened
the mental health concerns of Filipino youth, BHW Party-
list Rep. Angelica Natasha Co on Monday, Feb. 20, raised
concern on the “burgeoning number” of suicide attempts
among Filipino teens and the challenges the government
faces in implementing the Mental Health Act.
Citing a World Vision Philippines study, Council for
Welfare of Children (CWC) Undersecretary Angelo
Tapales noted the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on
Filipino adolescents and youth. CWC is an attached
agency of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD).
The study stated that among respondents, 54% of
children expressed negative emotions such as sadness,
fear, and worry; 41% of children confirmed that
caregivers have used either physical and psychological
punishments; 84% of children felt worried for themselves
and their families; and 19% of children are unaware or
unsure about child protection services.
➢ A total of 404 learners from public schools
COVID-19 pandemic which affected students’
mental health
➢ Aside from the 404 students who ended their
lives, 2,147 learners had attempted and 775,962
sought guidance counseling in the year 2021,
among the 28 million student population.
➢ Adding that of the 60,157 schools, there were
only 16,557 guidance officers and 2,093
registered guidance counselors.
Unfortunately, despite these figures, he said that there
are only “60 child psychiatrists practicing in the
Philippines, with the majority of them practicing in
urban areas such as the National Capital Region,” so
“children with mental health problems who are in rural
areas have less access to such services.”
Literature relating to incidence of depression and
mental health disorders in Philippines are nearly absent,
more so with high school and college students.
PASSAGE OF MENTAL HEALTH LAW
REPUBLIC ACT No. 11036
An Act Establishing a National Mental Health
Policy for the Purpose of Enhancing the Delivery of
Integrated Mental Health Services, Promoting and
Protecting the Rights of Persons Utilizing Psychosocial
Health Services, Appropriating Funds Therefor and Other
Purposes
1. Provides services down to the barangay level
2. Integrates mental health programs in hospitals
3. Improve mental health facilities
4. Promotes mental health education in schools and
workplaces
5. Calls on Philhealth to cover psychiatric medicines
and consultations, and not just hospitalizations
In the U.S. alone, around 20% of American adults
are afflicted with a mental illness, while 60% of workers
in the UK have experienced a mental health problem the
past year due to work. In Asia Pacific, most employers
cited stress as the leading workforce risk in the office.
• Depression, anxiety, and other mental illnesses are
on the rise. Just last year, a record number of 3.29
million people in the Philippines were said to be
living with depression. Statistics also show that 300
 million people are battling the condition
worldwide—that’s an 18 percent increase in the
period between 2005 and 2015.
• There are risks and benefits to disclosing your
experience of a mental illness. If you do disclose,
you and your supervisor may figure out strategies
that help you stay at work. In fact, a lot of people
with mental health conditions function perfectly
well in the workplace but choose to keep their
conditions a secret to avoid discrimination.
• In 2015, 18 million days of work were lost to
sickness absences due to mental health conditions.
WHO predicts that by 2030, businesses around
the world will lose approximately 12 billion workdays
due to depression and anxiety disorders alone.
What can you do? How can I help a co-worker?
1. Ask how you can help—and respect your co-worker’s
wishes.
2. Continue to include your co-worker in the workplace’s
usual activities.
3. Depending on your relationship, you can keep in touch
with a co-worker who takes time off.
4. Advocate for healthy workplaces. Many wellness
strategies are low-cost or no-cost, but they can still
improve everyone’s well-being and build inclusive
spaces.
Mental health is a balance of all aspects of life: Physical,
Emotional, Social and Spiritual.
A person who is mentally healthy.
• Realizes one’s own potential (Positive self-image)
• Can cope with the normal stresses of life (Resiliency)
• Can work productively and fruitfully (Productivity and
Creativity)
• Can contribute to the community (Sense of purpose)
What is mental disorder? Who can have mental
disorder?
• Any person regardless of age, sex, socio-economic
status can develop mental disorders.
Biological factors that affects Mental Health
• Hereditary predisposition
• Poor nutrition/Poverty
Environmental Factors Contribute to Mental Illness
• Physical illnesses
• Unemployment
• Poverty
Psychological Factors Affecting to Mental Health
• Failure to adjust/cope with the difficulties in life.
• Painful/traumatic life experiences
• Severe psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as
emotional, physical, or sexual abuse
• An important early loss, such as the loss of a parent
• Neglect
• Poor ability to relate to others
Risk Factors for Mental Health Illness
• Having a blood relative, such as a parent or sibling, with
a mental illness
• Stressful life situations, such as financial problems, a
loved one's death or a divorce
• An ongoing (chronic) medical condition, such as
diabetes
• Brain damage as a result of a serious injury (traumatic
brain injury), such as a violent blow to the head
• Traumatic experiences, such as military combat or being
assaulted
• Use of alcohol or recreational drugs
• Being abused or neglected as a child
• Having few friends or few healthy relationships
• A previous mental illness
What are EARLY signs and symptoms of persons with
mental health problems?
• Disturbance in sleep and/or difficulty getting adequate
SLEEP
• Attacks of palpitations usually expressed as “nerbiyos” Depressed/Irritable Mood
due to irrational worries, fear and anxieties
Eating pattern changes
• Numbness of feet and hands, frequent headaches and Pleasure decreased
dizziness
Restlessness
• Getting away from other people; withdrawal and
isolation Energy low

• Excessive use of cigarettes, alcohol and drugs Sleep changes

Self-blame/guilt
• Reckless behavior
Executive Impaired
• Over sensitivity and irritability
Death/Suicide
• Unfounded and exaggerated suspicions
• Sudden change in behavior
Suicidal thoughts/Suicide acts
• Maladaptive daily-life activities
• “Masked” depression
• Interest in activities is lost
Sometimes risk-taking behaviors can include acts of
• Neglect of physical hygiene
aggression, gun-play, and alcohol or substance abuse.
• Delusions and hallucinations
• Effort to hurt oneself
• Suicidal tendencies and homicidal ideation
Self-injury behaviors are warning signs. Inability to
concentrate or think clearly

The Top Mental Health Challenges

(Anxiety, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder,
Schizophrenia, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Eating
Disorders, Addiction/Substance Abuse)
What causes Depression?
• Life events
• Persistent, sad, anxious or empty mood
• Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
• Feelings of guilt, worthlessness or helplessness
• Loss of interest or pleasure in ordinary activities
• Decreased energy, feeling of fatigue
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
• Restlessness or irritability
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Changes in sleeping pattern
• Unexplained aches and pains
▪ Such problems may be reflected in workplace
behavior, work habits, performance, household
chores, even conversation.
▪ Changes in physical habits and appearance
▪ Changes include inability to sleep or sleeping all the
time, sudden weight gain or loss, disinterest in
appearance or hygiene.
▪ Sudden changes in personality, friends, behaviors
▪ Changes can include withdrawing from friends and
family, skipping work, loss of involvement in
activities that were once important, and avoiding
friends.
▪ Death and suicidal themes
▪ These might appear in drawings, work samples,
journals or homework.
Anxiety Disorder refers to specific psychiatric disorders
that involve extreme fear or worry, and includes
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and
panic attacks, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder,
selective mutism, separation anxiety, and specific
phobias.
TYPES OF EXTREME ANXIETY
1. GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER –
feelings of excessive worry about events, activities
and situations
2. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER –
unwanted recurring thoughts and compulsive,
repetitive behaviors
3. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER –
extreme anxiety and distress symptoms due to being
exposed to a traumatic event
4. PANIC DISORDER – intense and recurrent panic
attacks that occur unexpectedly
5. SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER – feelings of
extreme anxiety in social situations
SIGNS OF AN ANXIETY DISORDER
1. Frequent worry that interferes with daily life
2. Withdrawal from social life
3. Fixation on fear of next panic attack
4. Irrational fear and avoidance of a harmless object,
place, or situation
5. Out-of-the-blue panic attacks
6. Recurring nightmares, flashbacks, or numbing of
post trauma
Common symptoms for anxiety disorders may
include:
(Feelings of stress and apprehension, Irritability, Trouble
concentrating, Fearfulness, Sweating and dizziness,
Shortness of breath, Irregular heartbeat, Muscle pain and
tension, Headaches, Frequent upset stomach or diarrhea)
Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders can be mistaken for
everyday stress or written off as someone worrying too
much. Panic attacks may be mistaken as a physical
ailment, such as a heart attack or tension headache,
depending on how your body responds to the increased
levels of certain chemicals.
BIPOLAR DISORDER or formerly called MANIC
DEPRESSION, is a mental health condition that causes
extreme mood swings that include emotional highs
(mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you
become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose
interest or pleasure in most activities.
EATING DISORDER
1. ANOREXIA NERVOSA - an eating disorder
characterized by restriction of food intake leading to
low body weight, typically accompanied by intense
fear of gaining weight and disturbed perception of
body weight and image.
2. BULIMIA NERVOSA - a serious, potentially life-
threatening eating disorder. People with bulimia may
secretly binge-eating large amounts of food with a
loss of control over the eating and then purge, trying
to get rid of the extra calories in an unhealthy way.
SYMPTOMS
(Distorted or poor body image, Excessive exercise,
Irregular heartbeats, Dehydration, Feeling like eating is
out of control, Fear of eating in public, Constantly making
excuses for eating habits)
SCHIZOPHRENIA is a serious mental disorder in which
people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may
result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions,
and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that
impairs daily functioning and can be disabling.
EARLY SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Decline in grades or job performance
• Difficulty thinking clearly
• Trouble concentrating
• Lack of self-care or hygiene
• Spending notably more time alone
• Uneasy or suspicious with others
SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
POSITIVE: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized
speech
NEGATIVE: flattened affect, reduced speech, lack of
initiative
SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN
CHILDREN
• Delusions, hallucinations, flat affect, bizarre
behavior, paucity of speech or thought,
disorganized thinking
TIPS FOR HAVING A SOUND MENTAL HEALTH
Self-awareness
1. What you want in your life
2. Your strengths and weaknesses
3. What motivates you and makes you happy
4. What you want to change about yourself or about your
life
5. Your achievements
6. How you relate to others
7. Your most important beliefs and values
Becoming Self-aware
1. You are responsible for your beliefs.
2. You are responsible for your thoughts.
3. You are responsible for your feelings.
4. You are responsible for your actions.
“It’s an agreement with yourself to appreciate, validate,
accept and support who you are at this very moment.”
Low Self-esteem
(Withdrawn/Shy/Quiet, Insecure, Underachieving,
Negative (Attitude), Unhappy, Socially inept,
Angry/Hostile, Unmotivated, Depressed,
Dependent/Follower, Poor self-image, Lacks self-
confidence, Poor communication, Acts out)
Steps to Improving Self-Esteem
1. Look at all your positive qualities
2. Take on a new challenge
3. Keep a “well done” list
4. View mistakes as learning opportunities
5. Spend time with people who make you feel good
6. Try to stop thinking negative thoughts about yourself
7. Try New Things
8. Recognize what you can change and what you can't
9. Change your mental diet
10. Set goals
11. Join or take part in activities where you’ll meet new
friends
12. It is okay to talk about your problems.
13. Forgive
14. Develop a strong support system involving family
and friends
15. Create a Meaningful Budget
16. Volunteer
MANAGE STRESS
Just How Stressed Are You?
• 20-30 = You are super cool! Or maybe on DENIAL!
• 31-41 = You are of normal variety!
• 42-52 = You are feeling edgy! Life is getting more
complicated!
• 53-63 = You are loaded! You can feel yourself being
stretched!
• 64-74 = Stress is taking a toll on you. You may get sick!
• 74-100 = You need counseling! You are taking on too
much stress!
STRESSORS (threatens us, provoke us, worries us,
scares us, thrills us)
Stress Response
-Natural reaction of the body to stress
-Physical changes that prepare a person to react quickly
and effectively to handle the pressure of the moment
-Sensory receptors are stimulated
Stress Overload
Long-term stressful situations can produce a
lasting, low-level stress that can wear out the body’s
reserves, leaving a person feeling depleted or
overwhelmed, weaken the body’s system and cause other
problems.
“Things we do to dilute the effects of stress on our
physical well-being. They are meant to make you fitter for
the times you have to face unavoidable stress.”
(Henderson, 2008)
Ways to Reduce Stress and Manage Anger
1. Laugh
 It’s one of the healthiest antidotes to stress. When 6. Have Courage
we laugh, even smile, blood flow to the brain is increased,
7. Always Be Kind
endorphins are released, and levels of stress hormones
drop. Laughter reduces the level of stress hormones like
cortisol, epinephrine/adrenaline.
1. Don’t Give Your Power To Anyone
The ability to use humor may raise the level of infection-
fighting antibodies in the body and boost the levels of 2. No Matter How Bad Things Get, Stay True To
immune cells. Yourself

2. Socialize 3. There Is Always Something To Sing About

Don’t be a loner. Isolation has been tied to failure 4. There Is Nothing Wrong With Believing In A Bit Of
to cope adequately with stress, heightened vulnerability to Magic
illness and even premature death. 5. You Reap What You Sow
3. Get rid of Anger 6. Practice Forgiveness
It is the single most damaging stress-related 7. Happily Ever After Is Possible
personality trait that precedes a heart attack.
4. Get a Pet
Mental Health Advocacy
Whether it’s a dog, cat, bird or fish, a pet can play
a vital role in stress relief. PMHA (Philippine Mental Health Association) is
a private non-stock, non-profit organization dedicated to
5. Take up a Hobby the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental
If you pursue a hobby, you genuinely like, you’re disorders.
apt to get so absorbed in it that you don’t notice time Vision: The Filipino people with the highest level of
passing. mental health.
6. Eat Right Mission: PMHA exists to promote mental health and
7. Don’t Forget Break well-being among the general population, prevent mental
8. Exercise disorders, eradicate stigma, and inspire individuals to
9. Deal with Difficult Persons–you Cannot Afford to! become mental health advocates.
10. Clarify your Vision and have a Sense of Purpose in
your Life Services
11. Get Some Sleep
I. Education and Information Services
12. Be Resilient
13. Virtual Friends II. Clinical and Diagnostic Services
14. Organize your Life to Free More Time to Rest
15. Relax, Breath Deeply III. Special Projects
16. Accomplishments IV. Family Life Enrichment Programs
17. Take Control Of Your Surroundings
18. Adjust Your Standards V. Barangay Mental Health Caravan
19. Learn to Relax
VI. Barangay Mental Health Coordinators
20. Take Vacations
VII. Community Based Mental Health Program
1. Be Assertive VIII. Mental Health Beyond Prison Walls
2. Be Proactive
3. Be Decisive Psychological Organization for the Promotion of
Mental Health (POPMH)
4. Be Mindful
5. Nurture Your Spirituality
Here are some campuses that advocate the promotion of
Mental Health.
Batangas
1. Batangas State University – Main Campus
2. Batangas State University – Lipa Campus
3. Batangas State University – Malvar Campus
4. Batangas State University – Nasugbu Campus
5. De La Salle Lipa
6. First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities
7. Lyceum of the Philippines University Batangas
8. Polytechnic University of the Philippines – Sto. Tomas
Campus
9. University of Batangas – Main Campus
10. University of Batangas – Lipa Campus
11. Lipa City College
12. Sta. Teresa College
13. Daniel Mercado Medical Center
14. Westmead International School
15. St. Augustine School of Nursing – Lipa Campus
Laguna
1. Dalubhasaan ng Lunsod ng San Pablo
2. San Pablo Colleges
3. Laguna State Polytechnic University – San Pablo
4. Colegio de San Juan de Letan Calamba
5. University of Perpetual Help System – Calamba
6. University of Perpetual Help System – Biñan
7. San Sebastian College Recolletos – Canlubang
8. Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
9. Lyceum of the Philippines University Laguna
10. Laguna College of Business and Arts
11. Sts. John and Paul Colleges
12. St. John College
13. New Sinai School and Colleges
14. Calamba Doctor’s College
15. Don Bosco Global Colleges
16. St. Vincent College
Cavite
1. FEU Dasma
2. Emilio Aguinaldo College
3. Cavite State University Main Campus
4. National College of Science and Technology
5. De La Salle University Dasma
Advocacy
By definition, advocacy involves speaking on
behalf of a person(s) or yourself to ensure that their rights
and needs are recognized. The word “advocacy” comes
from Latin and means 'to add a voice'.
Why is it important to be an advocate?
Advocacy in all its forms seeks to ensure that
people, particularly those who are most vulnerable in
society, are able to: have their voice heard on issues that
are important to them.
What are the challenges?
That we have a total responsibility for what we do
and how we respond to life.
“The only way to do great work is to love what you do. If
you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with
all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it.” –
Steve Jobs
So what causes are you most passionate about? Pay it
forward. Take action and be mindful.
Remember
Mental Health is striking a balance among all the
aspects of our life. It is as important as all the other areas
that we work hard to achieve, so let’s also work to gain
better mental health, because…
MENTAL HEALTH is PEACE OF MIND
MENTAL HEALTH MATTERS.
CHAPTER 2 -GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP VS. GLOBAL
CITIZENSHIP
• DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
-It is an idea that all persons using the internet have civic
rights and responsibilities
-It centers around safe, savvy and ethical use of
technology.
• DIGITAL CITIZEN
- They adheres to the guidelines that govern the ethical
and responsible use of technology and acts responsibly in
all relationships and interactions in the
digital world.
- They realizes that we simultaneously share
technological and human experiences regardless of
culture, status, or political/religious beliefs.
• GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
- is a concept that emphasizes the idea that individuals
have a sense of belonging to a broader, interconnected
global community beyond their national or local
identities.
-It promotes the idea that people should be aware of and
engaged in global issues, values, and challenges, and that
they should act as responsible and
ethical members of the global society.
• GLOBAL CITIZEN
- He sees the world as a community in which all people
live and prosper together.
- He/she understands that his/her actions contribute to the
values of the entire planet and he/she is concerned on how
he/she participates in and contributes to the entire world.
• GLOBAL DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
- Is a concept that combines the principles of both global
citizenship and digital citizenship.
- It emphasizes the responsible, ethical, and informed use
of digital technologies within the context of a globalized
world.
• GLOBAL DIGITAL CITIZEN
-A global digital citizen is a responsible, ethical citizen
leveraging technology to foster community on a global
scale through connection and compassion.
-The global digital citizen understands that we can govern
technology for the benefit of both ourselves and others.
-It is a citizen that views the world as an interconnected
community
5 TENETS OF GLOBAL DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
1. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY - This is about
shifting the responsibility for learning to the students,
and developing a sense of accountability for lifelong
learning. It includes demonstrating how one governs
oneself in matters of finance, ethical and moral
boundaries, personal health and wellness and all
relationship.
2. GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP - We are all global
citizens. Global citizenship involves recognizing and
respecting how 21st - century technology and digital
media have eliminated boundaries between citizens of
the world by enabling communication, collaboration,
dialogue and debate across all levels of society.
3. DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP - This means engaging in
appropriate and exemplary behaviour in an online
environment. The essence of digital citizenship is
about a shifting of accountability for appropriate
behaviour to our students, which fosters
independence and personal responsibility.
4. ALTRUISTIC SERVICE - This aspect focuses on a
healthy concern for the well being of the people with
whom we share our world. It includes embracing the
opportunity to exercise charity and goodwill for the
benefit of others. This create relevance and
meaningful connections to the real world for our
students.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP - This is a
demonstration of common - sense values, and an
appreciation for the beauty and majesty that surround
us everyday. It encourages us to explore how to make
use of Earth’s resources - taking responsibility and
action on personal, local, regional, national and
international levels.
ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
• DIGITAL ACCESS - is about the equitable
distribution of technology and online resources.
Teachers and administrators need to be aware of their
community and who may or who may not have
access, not only in school but at home as well.
Educators need to provide options for lessons and
data collection such as free access in the community
or provide resources for the home.
-full electronic participation in society
• DIGITAL COMMERCE – is the electronic buying
and selling of goods and focuses on the tools and
safeguards in place to assist those buying, selling,
banking, or using money in any way in the digital
space. Career and technical education use the tools of
technology to show students the path for their future.
• DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND
COLLABORATION – is the electronic exchange of
information. All users need to define how they will
share their thoughts so that others understand the
message. For students struggling to understand their
place in the world, technology can help them find
their own voices and express themselves.
• DIGITAL ETIQUETTE - refers to electronic
standards of conduct or procedures and has to do with
the process of thinking about others when using
digital devices. Teachers can include Digital Etiquette
as part of the classroom rules or academic goals.
Whether in the classroom or online, being aware of
others is an important idea for everyone.
• DIGITAL FLUENCY - is the process of
understanding technology and its use. The better
educated or “digitally fluent,” students are, the more
likely they are to make good decisions online, like
supporting others instead of making negative
comments. Digital literacy includes the discussion of
media literacy and the ability to discern good
information from poor, such as “fake news” from real
news.
• DIGITAL HEALTH AND WELFARE - refers to
the physical and psychological well-being in a digital
world. Technology provides many opportunities and
enjoyment, but knowing how to segment use with the
needs of ourselves and others is key to a healthy,
balanced life. Educators, especially in 1:1 schools or
classrooms need to ask the question of how much
screen time is appropriate for students. Common
Sense media has developed a guide on this topic.
• DIGITAL LAW - refers to the electronic
responsibility for actions and deeds and has to do with
the creation of rules and policy that address issues
related to the online world. Just as in the real world,
the online world has had to create structure to protect
those using these digital devices from harm. Support
for issues such as cyberbullying and sexting are
available from School Resource Officers and other
school counsel. Administrators need to come up with
positive approaches to these issues in their schools
and districts.
• DIGITAL RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES -
are those requirements and freedoms extended to
everyone in a digital world. This area of Digital
Citizenship is about helping students understand that
when they are provided opportunities, such as the
access to the Internet and use of online products, they
need to be diligent in helping others as well, such as
informing adults of potential problems. Educators
must help students understand that protecting others
both online and in the real world are essential skills to
have.
• DIGITAL SECURITY AND PRIVACY - is the
electronic precautions to guarantee safety. Viruses,
worms and other bots can be passed along from one
system to another just like an illness. When using
devices in school or at home, understanding and being
aware of attacks and how to prevent them are
important skills for today and into the future.
1. What is digital etiquette often referred to as
netiquette? – Proper behavior and manners when
communicating online
2. What is one key aspect of being a responsible digital
citizen? – Respecting copyright and intellectual
property right
3. What is a crucial aspect of the tenet of “online privacy
and security? – Protecting personal information
from unauthorized access and cyber threats
4. Which of the following statements is true regarding
altruistic service? – Altruistic service often involves
acts of kindness without expecting anything in
return.
5. Which of the following is an example of
cyberbullying? – Repeatedly sending hurtful
messages to someone online.
6. Which of the following is NOT one of the key tenets
of global citizenship –
7. What does personal responsibility refer to? – Taking
ownership of one’s actions and choices.
8. What should you do if you receive a suspicious email
asking for personal information or money? – Ignore
the email and delete it.
9. Which of the following is NOT an element of digital
citizenship? –
10. Why is digital security important? – It protects
sensitive information, prevents data breaches and
safeguards digital systems.
11. Which of the following best describes personal
responsibility in the context of work or projects? –
Completing tasks and assignments diligently and
on time.
12. What is the purpose of digital communication tools
like email and messaging apps? – To facilitate
efficient and convenient communication.
13. Which of the following is an example of legal issue
related to digital law? –
14. What is the significance of digital law in e-
commerce? – It provides a legal framework to
govern online transactions and protect consumers
and businesses.
15. Why is environmental stewardship important? – It
helps protect ecosystems, biodiversity, and the
well-being of the planet.
 MSBW POINTERS
1. You are a teacher in a middle school classroom, and
two students, Sam and Alex, are engaged in heated
argument that is disrupting the class. What is the
most effective behavior management strategy to
employ in this station? – Separate Sam and Alex,
have them cool down individually, and then
facilitate a conflict resolution discussion later.
2. In your Daycare Center, a 3-year old child, Emily,
is constantly hitting her peers, when she doesn’t get
her way. Which behavior management technique is
most appropriate in this situation? – Converse with
Emily about the importance of sharing and use
positive reinforcement when she shares her toys.
3. You are a manager in a retail store, and an
employee, John consistently arrives late for his shift.
Despite verbal warnings, he continues to be tardy.
What should be your next course of action for
behavior management? – Sit down with John for a
one-on-one meeting to discuss the reason behind
this lateness and establish clear expectations.
4. You are a counselor at a substance abuse
rehabilitation center, and one of your clients, Sarah,
has been caught smuggling contraband items into
the facility. What is the most appropriate behavior
management approach for this situation? –
Confront Sarah about the incident, discuss the
consequences of her actions, and work with her
to develop a plan for staying clean.
5. You are a team leader in a corporate office, and one
of your team members, Mark, frequently disrupts
meetings with sarcastic comments and undermines
your authority. What is the best behavior
management approach to address Mark’s behavior?
– Speak to Mark privately, express your
concerns about his behavior, and work together
to establish ground rules for meetings.
6. What is one primary responsibilities of a teacher
when it comes to creating a positive learning
environment? – Fostering a sense of belonging
and inclusion.
7. Which of the following principles is essential for
effective classroom management? – Providing
clear and consistent expectations and routines.
8. In terms of assessment, what is formative
assessment primarily focused on? – Evaluating the
effectiveness of the teacher’s instruction.
9. When differentiating instruction in a diverse
classroom, what is the main goal? – Adapting
teaching methods to meet individual needs of
students.
10. What is the fundamental principle of ethical
behavior for teachers? – Treating all students and
colleagues with respect and fairness.
11. This refers to the process that ensures that a wide
variety of skills and techniques are used to keep
students organized, orderly, focused, attentive on
tasks, and academically productive during a class. –
Classroom Management
12. It is the reactions and actions of an individual or
group to other individuals or groups of people,
events, or the environment. – Behavior
13. It is committed to fostering a positive, respectful,
and inclusive environment where all individuals can
thrive and achieve their full potential. – Behavior
Management Policy
14. Which among the consequences of BMP is one that
temporarily removes an individual from the
community environment to allow for reflection and
corrective measures, with a plan for reintegration. –
Temporary Suspension
15. Which of the following is not a consequence of poor
student behavior? – Peer Pressure
16. What is a common internal factor that can contribute
to poor student behavior? – Learning disabilities
or mental health issues
17. Which of the following external factors can
influence poor student behavior? – Poverty and
socioeconomic stressors
18. When students lack a sense of belonging and
connection to their school or classroom, it can lead
to: Poor behavior and disengagement
19. Which of the following can be a cause of poor
student behavior related to academic issues? –
Frustration with tasks that are too difficult or too
easy.
20. What role does family involvement play in student
behavior? – It can positively influence behavior
by providing support and structure.
1. You witnessed a friend being bullied at school.
What is the most appropriate action to take? -
Report the bullying to a teacher or school
authority.
2. You’re a teacher, and two students in your class are
involved in a bullying incident. Both students claim
the other one started it. What should you do first? –
Interview witnesses and gather evidence to
determine the truth.
3. A student confides in you that they are being
cyberbullied but asks you not to tell anyone else.
What should you do? – Report the cyberbullying
to a trusted adult or school authority.
4. You are a parent, and your child tells you they are
being bullied at school. What is the best course
action? - Contact the school and work with them
to address the issue.
5. You overhear a colleague making hurtful comments
about a coworker behind their back. What should
you do? – Talk to the coworker privately and
offer support.
6. During a school assembly, a fire alarm goes off, and
there is no sign of fire or smoke. What should the
school staff do first? – Investigate the alarm
source to determine if it’s real emergency.
7. You are a teacher, and a student in your class
suddenly collapses and loses consciousness. What is
the most immediate action to take? –
16. You have a demanding job with tight deadlines, and
you’ve been feeling overwhelmed lately. What is
the most effective stress management strategy in
this situation? – Prioritize your work, delegate
when possible, and take regular breaks.
17. You’ve had a disagreement with close friend, and
it’s causing you significant stress. What is the best
approach to manage this stress? – Give yourself
time to cool off, then initiate an open and
respectful conversation with your friend.

18. You’ve been experiencing chronic stress at work,

8. A threatening note is found in a student’s locker,
stating that harm will come to them. What should
school authorities do? – Immediately involve law
enforcement and conduct a thorough threat
assessment.
9. A severe weather warning is issued, and a tornado
is approaching the school. What is the appropriate
action? – Move students to designated safe area
within the building.
10. You receive an anonymous tip that a student may be
planning a violent incident at the school. What
should you do? -
11. You are a teacher, and a student confides in you that
they are physically abused at home. The student
begs you not to tell anyone, especially their parents.
What should you do? –
which is affecting your health and well-being. What
should you prioritize to manage this stress
effectively? – Seek professional help, such as
therapy or counseling.
19. You have multiple personal and work-related
commitments, and you’re struggling to find balance.
What is the most effective stress management
approach? – Delegate some tasks and set clear
boundaries between work and personal life.
20. You’ve been feeling overwhelmed by stress, and it’s
affecting your sleep and concentration. What is the
recommended strategy for improving sleep and
focus? – Practice relaxation techniques and
establish consistent sleep schedule.

12. You are a childcare provider, and you notice signs

of neglect in one of the children under your care.
What is your immediate responsibility? – Report
the suspected neglect to the relevant child
protective services.

13. A parent arrives to pick up their child from school

visibly intoxicated. The child is afraid to go home
with the parent. What should the school staff do? -
Call a family member or emergency contact to
pick up the child.

14. You suspect that a fellow teacher is behaving

inappropriately with their students, but you have no
concrete evidence. What should you do? – Report
your suspicions to the school principal or
appropriate authority.

15. You receive an anonymous email with explicit

photos of student and a message alleging that the
student is involved in an inappropriate relationship
with a staff member. What is the best course of
action? – Report the email to school authorities
and follow the established protocol.