THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS

CHOOSING HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT COURSE IN

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY –
BACOOR CITY CAMPUS

Aligaen, Patricia Ann P.

Aquino, Geralden R.
Garcia, Judith G.
Viaje, Helen M.

An undergraduate thesis manuscript submitted to the faculty of the Department of

Management Studies, Cavite State University – Bacoor City Campus, City of Bacoor,
Cavite in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Hospitality Management, with Contribution No. BSHM-2022-20-01-002. Prepared under
the supervision of Ms Phoebe Joyce C. Villanueva, MSTM

INTRODUCTION

Choosing a course can be a difficult decision to settle, especially for those who

are entering the 1st year college level. There are several things or factors to consider

when choosing a course like the BSHM Program. Typically, it is interpreted that

choosing a course is a highly challenging scenario and that students need to take a lot

of factors into account when they are making decisions in order to guarantee that they

make an appropriate option and are not swayed in any way by influences that they

may eventually regret. A student's decision for a degree and course is particularly

important because it helps build the foundation for their future success. Students must

be precise on the path that they desire to pursue because this will lead them to develop

a better knowledge of how to continue. (Kazi et al., 2017).

Everyone acknowledges that the solution to the global socio-economic issues

is education. Nations and individuals seek education to provide solutions for the

problems such as poverty, inadequate shelter, mental inadequacy, unemployment,

terrible government, ignorance, drought, excessive rains, etc. Therefore, every country
 2

in the world strives for social status and a high quality of life, particularly among

students who are about to pursue a college. (Ouano et al.,2019)

In lining the course, the Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

(BSHM) program teaches students how to create, plan, develop, manage human

resources, and oversee various elements of hotel, restaurant, and resort operations.

In addition to teaching student’s technical skills, the course also covers marketing,

finance, budgeting, staffing, and other business-related topics. Furthermore, the

program aims to educate entrepreneurial skills. As a result of the program, they will be

able to serve their constituents and those in related professions while also exhibiting

the highest level of technical competence and high ethical and moral standards. (LPU-

Davao, 2022).

Several factors can influence a student in choosing the Hospitality

Management course. One factor that might affect their choices is the social factors

which emphasize the word-of-mouth media, family and friends. People tend to

influence students considering perceptions of others with their selecting process. Also,

as the technology innovates in the generation, researchers tend to see and can gain

access to almost any information that can be found in different sites that influence

one’s choices about something. Another possible factor can be a personal choice,

which pertains to personal interest, skills and abilities. Regardless of several

influences, in the end, the student itself will typically make their own personal choice

on the course because nobody other than the student will gain from it. (Malubay et al.,

2015)

In moving forward in the study, the researchers wanted to determine the level

which mostly influenced the first-year students to choose the hospitality management

course in Cavite State University- Bacoor Campus. Additionally, the researchers want

to determine whether it affects their personal choice and social factors and to give

better recommendations to assist authorities in effectively understanding students.

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Statement of the Problem

In general, the purpose of the study is to determine the level of Influence of first year

students in choosing Hospitality Management course in Cavite State University -

Bacoor.

1. What are the level that influence first year students in choosing a Hospitality

Management course in terms of personal choice?

1.1 Personal Interest

1.2 Skills and Abilities.

2. What are the level that influence the first students in choosing a Hospitality

Management course in terms of social factors?

2.1 Family

2.2 Friends

2.3 Social Media

2.4 Word-of-mouth.

3. Is there a significant relationship between the level that influence first year

students in choosing Hospitality Management course towards their personal

choice in terms of personal choice and skills and abilities.

4. Is there a significant relationship between the levels that influence first year

students in choosing a Hospitality Management course towards their social

factors in terms of family, friends, social media and word-of-mouth

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Objectives of the Study

The main purpose of the study is to Identify the factors that influence first year

students in choosing Hospitality Management course in Cavite State University

Bacoor Campus. Specifically, the objective of the study we’re:

1. To determine levels that influence the first-year students in choosing Hospitality

Management course in terms of Personal Choice in terms of personal choice

and skills and abilities

2. To determine levels that influence the first-year students in choosing Hospitality

Management course in terms of Social Factors in terms of family, friends, social

media and word-of-mouth.

3. To determine the significant relationship between the level of influence of a

first-year student in choosing Hospitality Management course towards their

personal choice in terms of personal choice and skills and abilities

4. To determine the significant relationship between the level of influence of a

first-year student in choosing Hospitality Management course towards their

social factors in terms of family, friends, social media and word-of-mouth.

Hypothesis

H1: There is a significant relationship between first year students' personal choice

towards choosing Hospitality Management course.

H2: There is a significant relationship between first year students choosing Hospitality

Management course towards social factors.

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Significance of the Study

The study would be beneficial to:

First Year Students - as they are the target respondents of the study, their

experiences and opinions can be used as a basis for future studies and for people who

want to expand their understanding and knowledge towards the BSHM Course.

Senior High School Students - this can serve as a basis since they are

incoming college students and serve as a guide specially for those who want to pursue

the HM course.

Academic Institutions - This would be beneficial since the respondents was

be students of CVSU- Bacoor, it will help them gain knowledge and understanding

towards the decision making of students.

Students Affairs Office - because they are also a big part of understanding,

teaching and helping students to be responsible when it comes to managing time as

well as the tasks. With this, it transforms the students into a reliable and well-rounded

person.

CHED - this would be beneficial since the respondents came from State

University it contributes to the development of policies and procedures that can

improve the educational quality and the entire student experience. It also contributes

to the advancement of knowledge and understanding in a specific course.

DEPED - this will be beneficial because they supervise educational institutions

both public and private, they assist teachers in developing a concept of teaching and

learning.

Future Researchers - this research can serve as a basis or reference point

regarding the knowledge of the specific topic they want to conduct and expand in

Identifying the influence of choosing hospitality courses for first year students

.
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Time and Place of the Study

The study was conducted from September 2022 to January 2023 within the

Cavite State University - Bacoor Campus located at Phase 2, Soldiers Hills IV, Molino

VI, Bacoor City, Cavite.

The Campus was established on September 28, 2007, through a

memorandum agreement with the local government of Bacoor. Initially located in the

Queens Row Area A, Bacoor City, Cavite, it served as a satellite campus. During its

first year, the campus had a modest enrollment of around 50 students and offered

three degrees programs: Business Administration, Criminology, and Information

Technology.

In 2011, under the administration of Mayor Strike Revilla, the campus was

relocated to Soldiers Hills IV, Molino VI, Bacoor City, Cavite. Over the years, the

campus has undergone continual improvements in terms of infrastructure and

personnel. These enhancements have contributed to its growth and development.

Currently, the Cavite State University Bacoor Campus caters to approximately

2,000 learners and provides seven degrees programs. These programs include

Bachelor of Secondary Education, BS Business Management, BS Computer Science,

BS Criminology, BS Hospitality Management (formerly BSHRM), BS Information

Technology, and BS Psychology. The campus has strived to expand its academic

offerings and accommodate the increasing number of students.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

For this study, the researchers only focus on determining the level of influence

of first year students in choosing HM course in Cavite State University Bacoor Campus.

This can also serve as a valuable resource in assisting authorities in effectively

understanding students.
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Furthermore, participation in the study would be limited to 110 first year

students of BSHM. The data collection was conducted in 2022 in Cavite State

University Bacoor Campus. This study is limited to determining the level of influence

of first year students in choosing HM course in Cavite State University Bacoor Campus

and to determine the significant relationships between personal choice and social

factors in choosing HM course.

Definition of Terms

The terminologies used by the researchers throughout the conduct of the

research are listed below. These terms, according to the researchers, must be defined

for readers to understand the research.

Abilities - is the trait or skill of a person that enables you to do a task. It is a quality

of a person which shows his/her competency in an activity or occupation due to one's

ability, skills, knowledge and experience.

Course - A succession of lessons makes up a course. These courses all cover the

same subject. Therefore, students enroll in courses especially in Hospitality

Management that are relevant to the major they choose.

Demographic Profile – it is a respondent's data which is acquired by doing research

to understand them better. It usually contains all of their basic information such as

name, age, emails etc.

Education - this refers to the process of receiving knowledge and learning from a

person or students, especially in the first year, giving systematic instruction, at a school

or university.

Environmental Factors - Are influenced by the personal choice of students or people.

It refers to the decision that influences the students or other people by choosing their

course according to their skills and abilities.

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Factors - it is the one of the things that affects the decision of a person. The variables

that affect the decision of the respondents in order to determine how it affects the

response during research.

Family - it refers to those who are related to one another make up a family, particularly

parents and their offspring. Affects the decision making of a person which they

consider the family support that cannot be found anywhere else.

Friends - it is a person/s who you like and enjoy and comfortable being with. Students/

people that feel more secure and at ease making decisions when they are alongside their

friends.

Influence - refers to the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or

behavior of a first-year student or something, or the effect itself.

Hospitality Management - a career path for undergraduate students that typically falls

under the hotels, resorts, and lodging industry. Students are taught how to plan,

develop, manage human resources, and oversee many aspects of hotel, restaurant,

resort operations, covering marketing, financing, budgeting, staffing, and other

business-related issues in addition to teaching student technical skills.

Skills - An aptitude and capability developed by a person through conscious,

methodical, and prolonged effort to successfully complete difficult tasks or job duties

involving thoughts (cognitive skills), things (technical skills), and/or people

(interpersonal skills).

Social Factors - are things that affect a first-year student or person’s lifestyle. These

could include finance, family, peers or word-of-mouth in choosing a course.

Perception - a belief of opinion often held by many people, especially first year

students of choosing a BSHM course and based on how things seem.

Personal choice - this includes one of the factors that a BSHM first year student has

to choose and decide their own course without no one involved rather than themselves.

Students have the freedom to make choices that reflect our values, objectives, and

interests.
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Word of Mouth - it is the process of telling people about particular things to encourage

them to do or try it too. People, especially first-year students, are more likely to trust

the experiences of fellow students and friends than any other source of information.
 10

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. What are the factors that

influence the selection process

choosing Hospitality Management

course in terms of Personal Choice The researcher will

Gaining valuable
use online survey
2. What are the factors that
experience in the
through google form hospitality industry
influence the selection process
and will be cascaded can provide
choosing Hospitality Management
through messenger. individuals with
course in terms of social factors opportunities to
The data will be develop strong
3. Is there a significant relationship
gathered through interpersonal skills
online survey and will and establish a
between the level that influence first
network of contacts.
year students in choosing be interpreted as This experience can
Hospitality Management course statistical treatment of open doors to greater
data. career opportunities
towards their personal choice in
and increased
terms of personal choice and skills
influence in their
and abilities chosen field.

4. Is there a significant relationship

between the levels that influence

first year students in choosing a

Hospitality Management course

towards their social factors in terms

of family, friends, social media and

word-of-mouth

Feedback

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

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Conceptual Framework of the Study

The figure above showed how the researchers was conducted and guided in

order to know what actions or flow should be done to get the result of the study, The

level of influence of first year students in Choosing Hospitality Management course in

Cavite State University - Bacoor Campus. The researchers distributed their survey

questionnaires in December 2022 through google forms sent via messenger. The

researchers collected their survey and analyzed if their collected data analysis would

be able to determine the level of influence of the first-year students in choosing

Hospitality Management course and the possible outcome.

 Review Related Literature & Studies

This chapter shows the related literature and studies that the researchers

examine in addition to the claim and importance of the present study. The literature

and studies were taken from reliable sources such as: different sources like journals,

books, websites, articles, theses etc. that’s connected to the study.

Influence of First Year Students Choosing Hospitality Management

Culture, social factors, job types, and physical working circumstances all

influence how motivated male and female students are. These factors have a big

impact on the kind of program students select. These findings are significant since

more women are enrolling in the top hospitality schools in the United States. It is

important to understand our future employees, hospitality undergraduate students, and

their career expectations given the high turnover rates in the hospitality industry.

(Alalmai, 2016).

According to career development theory, although graduates have the ability

to choose their own careers, their decisions can also be influenced by a number of

factors, including those from their families, schools, communities, and social networks.

Most college students studying hotel management are members of Generation Y, who

are heavily influenced by social media. Traditional influences can have a bigger impact

on students' job decisions than social media. Administrators of hotel management

programs should think about implementing and utilizing both conventional and online

strategies to support students in their choice of careers (MBA) (Shah et. al, 2021).
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Choosing Hospitality Courses

Nearly 75% of these students said they would "definitely" not switch their

degrees after making the decision to pursue a hospitality degree. This is in line with an

earlier study that found that students who felt confident in their skills were more

dedicated to a career in hospitality and that goal setting and outcome expectations

were the main indicators of such commitment. Participants in this study who had

already decided to pursue a career in hospitality showed a dedication to the industry.

By developing modern Training and Professional Development programs that may

exceed our national and regional standards, everything, including visitors, revenue, a

high level of satisfaction for tourist demand, and other things, arrive quickly. (Alalmai,

2016).

Trends Pursuing Hospitality Courses

Atmosphere in the hospitality department, faculty friendliness, teaching

reputation of the department, parent or guardian, friends in college, and high school

visit from department representatives are the most influential factors in descending

order of influence. These results support the influence of electronic word-of-mouth on

the college search process. Given the ubiquity of social media, electronic influences

would eclipse traditional word-of-mouth. Yet electronic word-of-mouth was actually

less influential than traditional word-of-mouth when students were involved in the

college search and choice process. Firsthand information sources such as work

experiences and personal contacts and extrinsic factors such as potential salary we’re

most influential in the college major selection process (Alalmai, 2016).

The findings suggest that perceptions of the industry have an impact on the

career choices of potential employees. Even though business has slowed due to the

pandemic, students still decided to work in the industry because they believe it would
 14

recover soon. They showed reluctance to work in entry-level roles despite

acknowledging significant changes in the nature of employment, lower pay and

benefits, and a more hostile work environment. Students predicted fewer employment

openings, less job stability, more terminations during the probationary period, and

minimal chances of promotions specifically related to the pandemic. The most practical

alternative course of action during the pandemic was thought to be pursuing graduate

management courses. (MBA) (Shah et. al, 2021).

Hospitality Management Course

The implementation guidelines CMO No. 46, puts the development of a

learning outcomes-based education into action for 2012. For any form of higher

education institution (HEI), it outlines the learning outcomes expected of graduates of

the Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management (BSTM) and Bachelor of Science in

Hospitality Management (BSHM). Additionally, this CMO gives HEIs plenty of chances

to innovate in the curriculum in accordance with their plans for achieving the optimal

learning outcomes in their unique circumstances and according to their particular

visions, missions, and areas of operation. Furthermore, the requirement that the

current BSTM and BSHM curriculum be revised and updated is the basic notion that

higher education programs must frequently be up to date, and also viewed as

maintaining the local and global travel, tourism industry's competitiveness. (Ched

Memorandum Order, 2017). Students are taught how to plan, develop, manage human

resources, and oversee many aspects of hotel, restaurant, and resort operations as

part of the Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) curriculum. The

course covers marketing, financing, budgeting, staffing, and other business-related

issues in addition to teaching student technical skills. The program also attempts to

teach entrepreneurial skills. Students will be in a position to assist their clients and

those in related professions as a result of the program, displaying the highest degree
 15

of technical proficiency as well as strong ethical and moral standards. LPU-Davao.

(2022).

Choosing Course

Choosing a course can be challenging, especially for freshmen who are unsure

of their course's direction. There are many things to think about when choosing

Hospitality Management. Students must be wise about many things to be sure they

made the right choice and prevent future regrets. Choosing a course can be crucial

because it affects how successful they will be in the future. (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017).

Plenty of articles can be obtained that give advice on how to make the best decision,

but we don't precisely know the final result: what made the person choose a college

over another one. So, a college can be viewed as an outcome. It is important to

perceive the candidate's expectation, and to identify his/her motivation. Titan et al.,

(2015) Moreover, it is also important to examine and analyze student views of

preparedness and career readiness on a regular basis. To ensure that the skills,

competencies, and experiential learning opportunities students are exposed to are

relevant to what the industry needs, hospitality programs should collaborate closely

with members of industry advisory boards, internship partners, and campus recruiters.

The establishment and utilization of strong, reliable internship and work study

programs, both during the academic year and outside of it, is necessary as a strategy

in career development. (Quinn & Hollywood, 2019)

Personal Choice

Life is more fulfilling when everyone has the freedom to make choices that

reflect our values, objectives, and interests. It gives us the freedom to choose the

course of our lives, gives us a sense of power, and boosts our self-esteem. Having

personal choice also allows us to express ourselves and be creative. Making decisions
 16

based on personal choice involves doing so for our lives. We start making decisions

as soon as we begin our day. Being in charge and able to make our own decisions

makes us feel delighted. Everyone has the right to decide what to do with their own

life, because in the end they will be the one who will benefit from it. And, it aids in the

innovation of our autonomy and self-determination, two qualities necessary for our

cognitive development and wellbeing. (Malubay et al., 2015)

Personal Interest

It is stated that personal interest played a significant role in 53.33% of the

students' decision to pursue a career in hospitality, which may indicate that they

became interested in the field of hospitality while still in high school, which inspired

them to pursue it. (Malubay et al., 2015)

Students’ career decision-making is most deeply affected by “personal factor”,

next are “group factor” and “career exploration factor”, and “school factor” has the

lowest affecting level to them. Students of large-sized schools taking household affairs

courses will be easily affected by personal factors of career decision-making. (Su et

al, 2016) The interests that are most likely to help students succeed academically, is

likely their choice of subject area. (Kroth and Broverie, (2009) Retrieved from Afidatul

Asma (2015). If a person enters a course with little or no passion, they won't succeed

academically or professionally. Students must select a course that fascinates them

more. When an individual is interested in a subject area, they are more likely to ask

questions and think deeply about the material, which can lead to greater understanding

of the subject (Kambhampati, 2021).

Skills and Abilities

Even with numerous influences about choosing a program, a student normally

decides on his own because no one will benefit from the decision other than the student

himself. The tasks that a person naturally excels at, talents and strengths that brings
 17

to the table as a student or employee, are all examples of skills and abilities. These

include the inherent qualities they always had as well as the particular knowledge and

abilities they picked up via training and experience. (Malubay et al., 2015).

It is also indicated that factors such as environmental, opportunity and

personality can influence the choice of career among secondary school students. In

terms of environmental factors, it revealed that family, socioeconomic status and peer

groups have significant influence of the students’ choice of career while in opportunity

factors such as education and mentorship also had influence to the choice of career

as well as the personality factors such as the students’ interest, values and skills in

choosing their courses. (Eremie & Okwulehie, 2018)

Social Factors

Social factors are elements that have an influence on how individuals think or

act in various settings or how they perceive themselves in relation to others.

Sometimes picking a profession is also influenced by what one's peers choose to do.

These factors shape an individual’s identity and can influence how they interact with

others and make decisions. (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017) "Social and cultural factors influence

the choice of specialization hotel management or food & beverage service, with the

exception of some things like the father’s career (currently working in tourism or

indirectly), and mother’s career (working in tourism or indirectly), the different cultures

of tourists, as well as friends do not influence the selection of the Faculty of tourism

and hospitality (Alananzeh, 2014) The impact of friends and the social acceptability of

a profession are other influences. An individual's choice, interactions, views may also

be influenced by their social environment because they can provide advice,

encouragement, and support, which can influence an individual’s career path. (Kazi &

Akhlaq, 2017). In addition to this, atmosphere in the Hospitality department, faculty

friendliness, teaching reputation of the department, parent or guardian, friends in

 18

college, and high school visit from department representatives are the most influential

factors in descending order of influence.

Family

None of the respondents indicated the family's negative effect. However, they

did mention that when it came to making a decision, their parents had addressed their

doubts and anxieties. Once the choices had been made, they were friendly and at

ease. One female student claimed that her father served as her inspiration and that he

had chosen her career. When she was young, her father worked in one of 5 star hotels

in Makati, after that, he worked in the cruise line and managed 3 restaurants with 3

different cuisines, and that influenced her in choosing Hospitality Management.

Meanwhile one female respondent stated, "My family did not think that choosing a

career in media studies was a valid choice for girls. It is also claimed that a child who

grows up with parental support and a harmonious home life is more inclined to follow

their norms. In this case, the parent's occupation is most likely to have an impact on

the child's occupational aspirations. (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017)

Friends

Students reported feeling more secure and at ease making decisions when

they were alongside their high school or college buddies, even at the MS level. They

went on to say that it is simple to study with pals who one feels at ease around.

Additionally, students can seek their assistance in a relaxed manner. Particularly for

the female students, this was true. "I got admission in computer sciences, but my friend

didn't, so I accepted admission here," said a female respondent. It stated: "We are

used to group study, hence we all took admission in the same profession," this was

also discovered in the male respondents. (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017).

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Social Media

In modern society, social media has a significant impact on how decisions are

made at all levels. Students can rapidly access and share information on social

networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, as well as get peer feedback

that can be incredibly insightful. When choosing a degree, applying to colleges, and

choosing which extracurricular activities to participate in, students may find this input

to be especially beneficial.

Only one student claimed to have chosen journalism because she was moved

by how it was represented in movies. None of the other individuals acknowledged

using print or online platforms to influence their career decisions. (Kazi & Akhlaq,

2017). Social media has an influence, particularly in their senior year, on students as

students are more interested in job options and career decisions at this time. Social

media has the greatest impact on the career choices of international students and

students who have transferred from a community college to a university program in

hospitality management. Higher education professionals cannot disregard social

media. Commitment to social media will boost the university's reputation, as will

maintaining a social media presence & trends. Moreover, potential customers result

from embracing social media and the dynamic nature of platforms as students see the

information essential to help guide their college choice. (Lee et al., 2018).

Word-of-Mouth

The selection of a university is influenced by word of mouth. As a result: WOM

has a sizable impact on consumer behavior and has a particular impact on the decision

to attend university. It concludes that word of mouth, college websites, college planning

and ranking websites, online reviews, campus tours, and college e-mail are more

reliable sources of information.

 20

People are more likely to trust the experiences of fellow students and friends

than any other source of information. Word-of-mouth can also be influential in directing

potential students to courses they may not have known about or considered. It can

provide invaluable insight into the course content, structure, and quality, allowing

students to make an informed decision before committing to a course. (Kazi & Akhlaq,

2017)
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Synthesis

All of the related studies & literature above shows the factors that influence

students in choosing a BSHM course. (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017), (Quinn & Hollywood,

2019), (LPU-Davao, 2022) & (Malubay et al., 2015). This Review of Related Literature

collected shows that personal choice and under these categories played significant

roles in the decision making of students taking courses. It is said that most students in

the demographic profile personal, mostly age starts 17-19 and most of it is female

because it foresees them as a geared course towards women. During personal interest

which is inherent in students especially in their skills and abilities through the

continuous practice and training. Social factors, under these categories also play a

significant role in which students consider respect especially in their family when

deciding while on their friends, also considered since they are comfortable and felt at

ease especially when they know and close people. Additionally, social media and

word-of-mouth found third and 4 rank since it helps especially in the information

needed for them choosing a course.

In terms of similarities, (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017 and Malubay et al., 2015) claimed

that choosing a course is still crucial to students. They put consideration into various

things in making decisions, since students will be the ones who benefit from it and this

may be connected to the future, and also avoid regrets. In terms of the BSHM course,

by revising this course implemented by CMO 2017, highlighted as preserving the

competitiveness of the local and international travel and tourism industries. This

program teaches students entrepreneurship abilities, planning, developing, managing

human resources etc. that are connected to the course. (LPU-Davao, 2015) This

implies that both will help the course program and students become skillful,

competitive, with having the right moral, ethical standards that prepare them for the

future outcome that awaits them. While the differences are the considerations that the
 22

students have based before deciding their choices, such as personal choice and social

factors.

This literature review creates the impression that there are a lot of perspectives

from which choosing a course has been approached. This review pointed out many

factors that first year students might face as they choose this hospitality management

course. However, these related studies still lack of preponement in terms of

understanding students, in a way that authorities will help them to enjoy the course

which students choose. The purpose of this determines the level of influence that

causes the first-year students to choose the Hospitality Management course in Cavite

State University Bacoor Campus and propose enhancement in institution to help to

understand students.
 Methodology

This chapter presents the research design and type of methods applied by the

researchers to complete the study. Relevant data were gathered through books,

unpublished theses, and internet website links which could justify the documents

regarding the study.

Research Design

The researchers in this study employed a quantitative method, which involves

gathering and analyzing numerical data. This approach enables the identification of

patterns and averages, testing causal connections, and generalizing findings to larger

populations (Bhandari, 2022). To collect information, a survey was used, which

involved obtaining responses from a sample of individuals through self-report. In this

study, self-made and adopted questionnaires was personally distributed to the

subjects by the researcher.

The chosen research design for this study is descriptive. This design aims to

provide an accurate portrayal of characteristics such as opinions, abilities, beliefs, and

knowledge of individuals, situations, or groups (McCombes, 2022). The descriptive

design is suitable for achieving the study's objectives, which involve determining the

level of influence on first-year college students' choice of a hospitality management

course.
 24

Sources of Data

The researchers used primary and secondary sources for information. For

collecting primary data acquired from the respondents by the use of surveys such as

questionnaires, interviews and google form surveys. The secondary data will be used

to obtain ready information that will be beneficial to the study of the researcher. The

said information will come from the internet, research papers, articles, published

journals and other reliable sources.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents for this study were selected from the first-year students

enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) program at

Cavite State University Bacoor-Campus. A total of 110 respondents were chosen using

Purposive Sampling, a method in which participants are selected based on specific

criteria.

To collect data, the researchers utilized a survey method conducted through

Google Forms. In order to reach out to the first-year BSHM students, the researchers

made used of online platforms, particularly social media platforms like Messenger, to

send the survey link to the respondents. This approach was chosen for its convenience

and accessibility.

The decision to focus on first-year students as respondents was based on the

belief that they would provide valuable insights into the level of influence to their choice

of pursuing a hospitality management course. By studying the experiences and

motivations of first-year students, the researchers aimed to understand reasons of the

BSHM program on their career aspirations through this course. Additionally, these

students would have opportunities to gain practical experience in the hospitality

industry, develop strong interpersonal skills, and establish a network of contacts that
 25

could benefit them in the future. The researchers hypothesized that these factors would

contribute to a greater level of influence to their career choices and overall career

prospects.

Sampling Technique

The researchers utilized purposive sampling to select 110 respondents from

sections 1-10 of the BSHM (Bachelor of Science in Hotel Management) students for

this study. Purposive sampling is a type of non-random sampling technique where the

selection of participants relies on the researcher's judgment (Crossman, 2020). In this

case, the participants had to be first-year students of BSHM at Cavite State University,

specifically at the Bacoor Campus. Additionally, the participants willingly volunteered

and participated in the study to assist us in our research.

Research Instrument

A survey was the selected instrumentation device. The agreed setting for

distribution of the survey was first-year students in Cavite State University Bacoor,

Campus. The researchers adopted a survey question specifically, in personal choice

in terms of personal interest for statement number 2 " I chose this field because I am

fully confident that I will give my best here". (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017) In terms of skills and

abilities " I think my personal skills are suited to the degree I am studying" has been

adopted and revised with this statement "I genuinely think my personal skills are

suitable to the degree I am pursuing” and also in terms of friends statement number 3

"my friends who had attended the university had a strong influence on my choice (Pero

et al., 2015) while other statements in the questionnaires are self-made messaging to

students on platforms via messenger. The survey was intended to be answered without

any verbal instructions since it was sent via messenger. It was understood and

distinctly directed that this was a selective survey on students, by the use of purposive

sampling. The introduction of the instrument at the first-year students messaging was
 26

intentionally worded so that students might be challenged to answer the survey in an

honest and respectful manner. Therefore, the survey was easy to complete, easy to

understand and had been written to give the students a stimulus to reflect upon after

the survey was completed.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers gathered data from the selected respondents through online

survey questionnaires. The researchers identified what research instrument to use. In

this case, the research instrument is a survey questionnaire through Google Forms.

The survey questionnaire is based on the level of influence of first year students

choosing Hospitality Management course. After the validation and approval of the

survey questionnaire, the researchers proceed to reach out to the first-year students

of BSHM of the Cavite State University-Bacoor City Campus. The researchers

successfully reached out to the first-year students and surveyed them using Google

Forms, which sent the survey to the respondents in the most convenient way possible,

which is online.

The response was processed using the formulas given in the statistical

treatment of the data. It is interpreted in a more understandable and comprehensive

form to present the results and discussion.

 27

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researcher applies a descriptive method using the survey approach.

Descriptive statistical tools such as percentage, weighted mean, point-biserial

correlation and likert scale are used to assess relevant information to serve the

purpose of the study.

1. Frequency Percentage. This is used to set the percentage of the respondents

Formula:

Where:

P = Percentage

f = frequency

n = total number of respondents

2. Weighted Mean. This was used to determine the level of influence to the

first-year students choosing HM course.

Formula:

Where:

WM = weighted mean

X = frequency
 28

W = weight

N = total number of respondents

3. Regression

It is a statistical method used in the fields of finance, investing, and other

disciplines that aims to establish the nature and strength of the relationship between a

single dependent variable often represented by Y and a number of independent

variables known as independent variables (Garcia, 2022). Specifically, this statistical

method implies for SOP number 3 & 4.

4. Likert Scale. This was used to determine the level of influence of first year students

in choosing HM course.
 29

Table: The Four-point likert scale was used to measure through regression analysis in

determining the level of influence of first year students in choosing HM course.

RATE EQUIVALENT VERBAL INTERPRETATION

4 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2.51– 3.25 Agree

2 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree

1 1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree

 Results and Discussion

This chapter explains the data gathered through presentable tables together

with the explanation and interpretation of data in paragraphs that follows. The data

found in this chapter are organized according to the specific problems and objectives

treated in this study.

A total of 110 respondents have participated in this study by filling out the online

questionnaire. This chapter will discuss the results gathered from the questionnaire in

order to answer the statement of the problem. This discussion will be from BSHM batch

2022 – 2023.

Sub-Problem No 1: What are the factors that influence first year students in

choosing a Hospitality Management course in terms of Personal Choice? In terms of

Personal Interest and Skills and Abilities.

 31

The following are the legend for the ranking of weighted mean.

RATE EQUIVALENT VERBAL INTERPRETATION

4 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2.51– 3.25 Agree

2 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree

1 1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree

TABLE 1. THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN CHOOSING

A HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT COURSE IN TERMS OF PERSONAL INTEREST

VERBAL
PERSONAL INTEREST W.M. RANK
INTERPRETATION

1. I chose the HM course based on 3.34

my interest. 3 Strongly Agree

2. I chose this field because I am 3.35

fully confident that I will give my
2 Strongly Agree
best here.

3. I find this course stimulating and 3.36

challenging 1 Strongly Agree

GENERAL WEIGHTED MEAN 3.35 STRONGLY AGREE

 32

Table 1 shows the level of influence of first year students in choosing a

hospitality management course in terms of personal interest. The statement “I find this

course stimulating and challenging” obtained the highest weighted mean of 3.36; and

“I chose the HM course based on my interest.” obtained the lowest weighted mean of

3.34.

It indicates that personal interest played a significant role in 53.33% of the

students' decision to pursue a career in hospitality, which may indicate that they

became interested in the field of hospitality while still in high school, which inspired

them to pursue it. (Malubay et al., 2015) The interests that are most likely to help

students succeed academically, is likely their choice of subject area. (Kroth and

Broverie, (2009) Retrieved from Afidatul Asma (2015). If a person enters a course with

little or no passion, they won't succeed academically or professionally. Students must

select a course that fascinates them more. When an individual is interested in a subject

area, they are more likely to ask questions and think deeply about the material, which

can lead to greater understanding of the subject (Kambhampati, 2021).

TABLE 2. THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN CHOOSING

A HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT COURSE IN TERMS OF SKILLS AND ABILITIES

VERBAL
SKILLS AND ABILITIES W.M. RANK
INTERPRETATION

1. I rely on my skills and abilities 3.37

1 Strongly Agree
2. It is my passion that pursued 3.24
me to take this course. 3 Strongly Agree

3. I genuinely think my personal 3.32

skills are suitable for the
2 Strongly Agree
degree I'm pursuing.

GENERAL WEIGHTED MEAN 3.31 STRONGLY AGREE

 33

Table 2 shows the level of influence of first year students in choosing a

hospitality management course in terms of skill and abilities. The statement “I rely on

my skills and abilities” obtained the highest weighted mean of 3.37; and It is my passion

that pursued me to take this course” obtained the lowest weighted mean of 3.24.

It is stated that even with numerous influences about choosing a program, a

student normally decides on his own because no one will benefit from the decision

other than the student himself. The tasks that a person naturally excels at, talents and

strengths that brings to the table as a student or employee, are all examples of skills

and abilities. These include the inherent qualities they always had as well as the

particular knowledge and abilities they picked up via training and experience. (Malubay

et al., 2015).

Sub-Problem No. 2: What are the factors that influence first year students in choosing

Hospitality Management course in terms of Social Factors? In terms of Family,

Friends, Social Media and Word-of-Mouth.

 34

TABLE 3. THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN CHOOSING

A HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT COURSE IN TERMS OF FAMILY

VERBAL
FAMILY W.M. RANK
INTERPRETATION

1. I choose this course because I 2.54

feel the need to respect my
family members' wishes as to
3 Strongly Agree
what career would be best for
me.

2. I choose this field because of my 2.04

family business. 4 Disagree

3. I chose this course because I 2.59

was inspired by one of my
2 Strongly Agree
relatives.

4. I chose this course because my 3.36

family supported me and trusted
me in my decision when I 1 Strongly Agree
pursued this course.

GENERAL WEIGHTED MEAN 2.63 AGREE

Table 3 shows the level of influence of first year students in choosing a

hospitality management course in terms of family. The statement “I chose this course

because my family supported me and trusted me in my decision when I pursued this

course” obtained the highest weighted mean of 3.36; and “I choose this field because

of my family business” obtained the lowest weighted mean of 2.04.

It said in this study, friends and acquaintances of students have a significant

effect on their choice of institution of higher learning. (Ho & Law, 2021) This states that

none of the respondents indicated the family’s negative effect. However, they did

mention that when it comes to making decisions, their parents had addressed their

doubts and anxieties. (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017).

 35

TABLE 4. THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN CHOOSING

A HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT COURSE IN TERMS OF FRIENDS

VERBAL
FRIENDS W.M. RANK
INTERPRETATION
1. My friends give comprehensive 2.97
and proper advice on this course 1 Agree

2. My friends validated the career 2.93

that I chose. 2 Agree

3. My friends who had attended the 2.76

university had a strong influence
3 Agree
on my choice.

GENERAL WEIGHTED MEAN 2.89 AGREE

Table 4 shows the level of influence of first year students in choosing a

hospitality management course in terms of friends. The statement “My friends give

comprehensive and proper advice on this course” obtained the highest weighted mean

of 2.97; and “My friends who had attended the university had a strong influence on my

choices” obtained the lowest weighted mean of 2.76.

It was seen that students are reportedly feeling more comfortable and confident

in making choices with their school friends. Also, it is elaborated that it’s easy to study

with friends and possible to ask for their help comfortably. (Kazi & Akhlaq,2017).
 36

TABLE 5. THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN CHOOSING

A HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT COURSE IN TERMS OF SOCIAL MEDIA

VERBAL
SOCIAL MEDIA W.M. RANK
INTERPRETATION
1. I chose this course because of 2.42
the influence of social media. 3 Disagree

2. I chose the course because I 3.18

see that field is in demand in
other countries or here in the 1 Agree
country.

3. The influence of social media 3.01

helped me find the course where
2 Agree
my skills can be applied.

GENERAL WEIGHTED MEAN 2.87 AGREE

Table 5 shows the factors that influence first year students in choosing a

hospitality management course in terms of social media. The statement “I chose the

course because I see that field is in demand in other countries or here in the country.”

obtained the highest weighted mean of 3.18; and “The influence of social media helped

me find the course where my skills can be applied” obtained the lowest weighted mean

of 2.42.

It is considered that social media was influenced by their career choices, when

choosing a degree, applying to colleges and choosing extra-curricular activities to

participate may find this input to be beneficial. (Kazi and Akhlaq, 2017).
 37

TABLE 6. THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN CHOOSING

A HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT COURSE IN TERMS OF WORD-OF-MOUTH

VERBAL
WORD-OF-MOUTH W.M. RANK
INTERPRETATION
1. I chose this course because it 2.52
was recommended to me. 3 Agree

2. I chose this course because I 2.79

saw some feedbacks, comments
2 Agree
that this course is fascinating.

3. I chose this course because 2.82

someone told me from the
institution that this is the only
available course, but still 1 Agree
connected to the course I want
to choose.

GENERAL WEIGHTED MEAN 2.71 AGREE

Table 9 shows the factors that influence first year students in choosing a

hospitality management course in terms of Word-of-mouth. The statement “I chose this

course because someone told me from the institution that this is the only available

course, but still connected to the course I want to choose.” obtained the highest

weighted mean of 2.82; and “I chose this course because it was recommended to me.”

obtained the lowest weighted mean of 2.52.

It is stated that Word-of-mouth can be influential in directing potential students

to courses they may now have known about or considered. It can provide invaluable

insight into the course content structure & quality, allowing students to make an

informed decision before committing a course. (Kazi and Akhlaq, 2017).

 38

3. Is there a significant relationship between the level of influence of first year students

in choosing a Hospitality Management course towards their personal choice in terms

of personal interest and skills and abilities?

TABLE 7. SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE

OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN CHOOSING HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

COURSE TOWARDS THEIR PERSONAL CHOICE.

Degree of Computed r p
Variables Relationship Decision Interpretation
– value value
Personal Fail to
Weak 0.034 0.716 Significant
Choice Reject H O

Legend: If p value <0.05, Reject H O

Table 7 gives the post analysis on significant relationships between the factors

that influence first year students in choosing Hospitality Management course towards

their personal choice.

As shown in the table, it has computed r value of 0.034 with p value of 0.716

Since its p value is quite bigger than the level of significance of 0.05, the decision failed

to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, there is a significant relationship between the

factors that influence first year students in choosing Hospitality Management course

towards their personal choice.

It stated that in personal choice, everyone has the freedom to make choices

that reflect values, objectives, and interests. Everyone has the right to decide what to

do with their own life, because in the end they will be the one who will benefit from it.

Furthermore, it aids in the innovation of our autonomy and self-determination, two

qualities necessary for our cognitive development and wellbeing. (Malubay et al.,

2015)
 39

4. Is there a significant relationship between the factors that influence first year

students in choosing a Hospitality Management course towards their social

factors in terms of family, friends, social media and word-of-mouth?

TABLE 8. SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE

OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN CHOOSING HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

COURSE TOWARDS THEIR SOCIAL FACTORS?

Degree of Computed r p
Variables Relationship Decision Interpretation
– value value
Social Fail to
Very Strong 0.162 0.089 Significant
Factors Reject H O

Legend: If p value <0.05, Reject H O

Table 8 gives the post analysis on significant relationships between the factors

that influence first year students in choosing Hospitality Management course towards

their social factors.

As shown in the table, it has computed r value of 0.162 with p value of 0.089

Since its p value is quite bigger than the level of significance of 0.05, the decision failed

to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, there is a significant relationship between the

factors that influence first year students in choosing Hospitality Management course

towards their social factors.

It was seen that social factors are elements that have an influence on how

individuals think or act in various settings or how they perceive themselves in relation

to others. Sometimes picking a profession is also influenced by what one's peers

choose to do. These factors shape an individual’s identity and can influence how they

interact with others and make decisions. An individual's choice, interactions, views may

also be influenced by their social environment because they can provide advice,

encouragement, and support, which can influence an individual’s career path. (Kazi &

Akhlaq, 2017).
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

The study identifies the level of influence of first year students in choosing a

hospitality management course in Cavite State University - Bacoor. This section

provides the summary of the study, findings from the overall result of the survey

questionnaire, the conclusion based on the findings, and recommendations for the

betterment of the school and the students.

Summary of Findings

This study was conducted in order to identify the level of influence of first-year

students choosing Hospitality Management course. In order to get the results, the

researchers conducted an online survey for first year Hospitality Management

students. Respondents were identified with the help of the school registrar and then

narrowed down by the researchers by communicating with the first-year class

presidents of the Hospitality Management department. After getting all the necessary

data, the researchers used purposive sampling to select 110 BSHM first year students

from section 1-10 in Cavite State University Bacoor City, Campus. The researcher was

able to reach out to the respondents through social media, specifically Facebook and

Messenger to send the online survey.

In conducting of the study, researchers were able to come up with the following

findings:

1. The level that influence first year students in choosing a Hospitality Management

course in terms of;

1.1 Personal Interest - The statement “I find this course stimulating and challenging”

obtained the highest weighted mean of 3.36; in the statement “I chose this field

because I am fully confident that I will give my best here” obtained the weighted mean
 41

of 3.35; while last statement “I chose the HM course based on my interest.” obtained

the lowest weighted mean of 3.34. Overall, results show that in personal interest the

general weighted mean is 3.35 with the verbal interpretation of strongly agree.

1.2 Skill and Abilities - The statement “I rely on my skills and abilities” obtained the

highest weighted mean of 3.37; in the statement “I genuinely think my personal skills

are suitable for the degree I'm pursuing” obtained rank two, with the weighted mean of

3.32; and last statement "It is my passion that pursued me to take this course” obtained

the lowest weighted mean of 3.24. Result shows in terms of skills and abilities,

obtained the general weighted mean of 3.31 with the verbal interpretation of strongly

agree.

2. The level that influence the first students in choosing a Hospitality Management

course in terms of;

2.1 Family - The general weighted mean of 2.63 with the verbal interpretation of agree.

It shows the level of influence of first year students in choosing a hospitality

management course in terms of family. The statement “I chose this course because

my family supported me and trusted me in my decision when I pursued this course”

obtained the highest weighted mean of 3.36; in the statement “I chose this course

because I was inspired by one of my relatives” obtained rank two with the weighted

mean of 2. 59; the third rank statement “I choose this course because I feel the need

to respect my family members' wishes as to what career would be best for me “obtain

the weighted mean of 2.54 and lastly the statement “I choose this field because of my

family business” obtained the lowest weighted mean of 2.04. In terms of friends,

respondents also agreed with the general weighted mean of 2.89.

2.2 Friends - The statement “My friends give comprehensive and proper advice on this

course” obtained the highest weighted mean of 2.97; in the statement “My friends

validated the career that I chose” obtained the weighted mean of 2.93; and last
 42

statement “My friends who had attended the university had a strong influence on my

choices” obtained the lowest weighted mean of 2.76.

2.3 Social Media - The general weighted mean of 2.87, the statement “I chose the

course because I see that field is in demand in other countries or here in the country.”

obtained the highest weighted mean of 3.18; the rank two statement “The influence of

social media helped me find the course where my skills can be applied” obtained the

weighted mean of 3.01; and lastly in statement “The influence of social media helped

me find the course where my skills can be applied” obtained the lowest weighted mean

of 2.42.

2.4 Word-of-Mouth - the general weighted mean is 2.87 with the verbal interpretation

of agree. It shows the level of influence of first year students in choosing a hospitality

management course in terms of social media. The statement “I chose this course

because someone told me from the institution that this is the only available course, but

still connected to the course I want to choose.” obtained the highest weighted mean of

2.82; second rank statement “I chose this course because I saw some feedback,

comments that this course is fascinating” obtained the weighted mean of 2.79; and last

statement “I chose this course because it was recommended to me.” obtained the

lowest weighted mean of 2.52.

3. Significant relationships between the factors that influence first year students in

choosing Hospitality Management course towards their personal choice.

It was computed r value of 0.034 with p value of 0.716 Since its p value is quite

bigger than the level of significance of 0.05, the decision failed to reject the null

hypothesis. Thus, there is a significant relationship between the factors that influence

first year students in choosing Hospitality Management course towards their personal

choice.
 43

4. While in table 8, also gives the post analysis on significant relationships between

the factors that influence first year students in choosing Hospitality Management

course towards their social factors.

As shown in the table, it was computed r value of 0.162 with p value of 0.089. Since

its p value is quite bigger than the level of significance of 0.05, the decision failed to

reject the null hypothesis. Thus, there is a significant relationship between the factors

that influence first year students in choosing Hospitality Management course towards

their social factors.

Conclusions

The main aim of this research is to identify the influence of first year students

in choosing the Hospitality Management course in Cavite State University - Bacoor.

The findings of the study, obtained through BSHM first year responses through google

form survey.

1. Therefore, the researchers conclude, according to the findings of personal choice in

terms of personal interest, that first year students are more likely to choose HM course

because they find this course stimulating and challenging. While the skills and abilities

it shows that students mostly rely on their skills and abilities.

2. The researchers conclude, according to the findings of social factors in terms of

family, that the majority of first year students choose this course because their family

supported and trusted their decision to pursue this course. While in terms of friends,

most first year students got comprehensive and proper advice on this course. In terms

of social media, the majority of the first-year students choose this course because they

see that this field is in demand in other countries. While in terms of word-of-mouth

students are most likely to choose this course because people told them that it is only
 44

the available course from the institution and it is also connected to the course they

want.

3. Based on the results of SOP 3, the researchers therefore conclude that there is a

significant relationship between the level of influence of first year students in choosing

the Hospitality Management course towards their personal choice.

4. Based on the results of SOP 4, the researchers therefore conclude that there is a

significant relationship between the level of influence of first year students in choosing

the Hospitality Management course towards their personal choice.

Recommendations

In this section, the researchers tend to discuss the recommendation related to

this study. The discussed recommendation below is for the betterment of the school,

future researchers and BSHM first year students.

1. Researchers suggest enhancing first-year students' engagement by incorporating

hands-on and experiential activities such as practical housekeeping, bartending,

cooking, and baking. These activities aim to familiarize students with the course

content and foster motivation. Moreover, academic colleges are advised to organize

walk-in visits to secondary schools, allowing prospective students to experience the

campus environment firsthand.

2. Researchers highly recommend that students prioritize the development of their

passion, which initially inspired them to pursue their chosen course of study. They

propose that students establish specific goals and exert continuous effort to achieve

them, while harnessing their passion as a driving force to persistently move forward.

3. The researchers recommend that academic institutions focus on improving their

social media presence to attract and engage students who are considering the BSHM
 45

(Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management) course. By suggesting creating

content that highlights successful students who have completed the program and

sharing their experiences and challenges. Additionally, they propose implementing

promotional programs, encouraging conversations, and posting content related to

hospitality management on social media platforms. Social media has a significant

impact on the career choices of international students and those who have transferred

from community colleges to university programs in hospitality management. Therefore,

higher education professionals should not overlook the importance of social media. By

committing to social media and staying active on relevant platforms, universities can

enhance their reputation and stay up-to-date with social media trends. Embracing

social media can also attract potential students, as they rely on such platforms to

gather information and make informed decisions about their college choices (Lee et

al., 2018).
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https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling/
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX 1. SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

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APPENDIX 2. ROUTING SLIP

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APPENDIX 3. COMPLIANCE SHEET

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APPENDIX 4. TITLE APPROVAL SHEET

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APPENDIX 5. OUTLINE APPROVAL SHEET

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APPENDIX 6. REQUEST FOR ADVISER AND TECHNICAL CRITIC

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APPENDIX 7. CERTIFICATE FROM STATISTICIAN

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APPENDIX 8. RECOMMENDATION FOR THESIS MANUSCRIPT APPROVAL

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APPENDIX 9. CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

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APPENDIX 10. REQUEST LETTER

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APPENDIX 11. LIST OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF BSHM 2022-2023

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APPENDIX 12. PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

Conversation with First Year BSHM Presidents

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Title Defense

Final Defense
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APPENDIX 13: CURRICULUM VITAE

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