Racism involves the unfair treatment of individuals based on their perceived racial

or ethnic background. This phenomenon is important to all sectors of society, causing

significant negative impacts on both individuals and entire communities. Prevalent across
the globe, racism takes on various forms and expressions.

Racism manifests in numerous ways, including systemic, institutional, and

individual discrimination. Systemic racism, prevalent in many countries, is embedded in
government policies, economic structures, and societal norms. It often results in unequal
opportunities and outcomes for people of different races. Institutional racism can be found
in education, healthcare, and the criminal justice system, where racial disparities persist,
hindering marginalized communities' progress.

On an individual level, racism can manifest as racial insults, microaggressions, or

overt acts of hate and prejudice. Such actions can have profound psychological and
emotional effects on those who are targeted, leading to feelings of neglect, low self-
esteem, and even trauma. These discriminatory acts not only harm the individuals directly
affected but also foster division and tension within society.

Racism's prevalence is global, with manifestations differing by region. In the United

States, for instance, African Americans face higher incarceration rates, lower access to
quality education, and disparities in healthcare. In Europe, racial and ethnic minorities
often experience discrimination in areas such as employment, housing, and social
integration. In Asia, issues like colorism and caste-based discrimination persist, affecting
millions. Meanwhile, in Africa and South America, ethnic tensions can lead to violence
and social unrest.

Racism has a far-reaching impact, not just on the people who experience
discrimination, but on society as a whole. It makes it harder for people to get along, keeps
inequality in place, and goes against the idea of fairness and human rights. To deal with
this problem, we all need to work together. This means spreading the word about racism,
making policies that fight discrimination, and promoting education and open
conversations. By understanding how harmful racism is and joining forces, we can aim
for a more inclusive, fair, and peaceful world.
Citations:

Bonilla-Silva, E. (2003). 'Racialized Social System.' American Sociological Review, 68(4),

465-481.

European Network Against Racism. (2020). 'Racism and Discrimination in Europe.'

https://www.enar-eu.org/IMG/pdf/enar_booklet_racism_discrimination-eu-4.pdf

Human Rights Watch. (2020). 'World Report 2020: Events of 2019.'

https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020

United Nations. (2018). 'Understanding Racism.'

https://www.un.org/en/letsfightracism/un-fact-sheet-understanding-racism.pdf