Environmental Chemistry

304 cwi‡ek imvqb CHEMISTRY PLUS
 ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES 
ASPECT SERIES 
2q cÎ cwi‡ek imvqb
Aa¨vq-01 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
 SURVEY TABLE  wK coe?  †Kb coe?  †Kv_v n‡Z coe?  KZUzKz coe?
CONCEPT MAGNETIC TOPICS MAKING DECISION [†h Kvi‡Y co‡e] VVI For This Year
No. [hv co‡e] DU GU M & D S & T Engr. HSC WRITTEN MCQ
CONCEPT-01 cwi‡e‡ki I evqygÐ‡ji Dcv`vb I MVb 50% 75% 75% 50% - 75% ** ***
CONCEPT-02 wewfbœ cÖKvi GKK I aªyeKmg~n 75% 90% 90% 75% 50% 90% - **
CONCEPT-03 M¨v‡mi m~Î I Zvi †jLwPÎ 90% 90% 75% 90% 75% 90% *** ***
CONCEPT-04 c`v‡_©i wewfbœ Ae¯v Ges M¨vm m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv 75% 75% 75% 75% 50% 90% *** ***
CONCEPT-05 e¨vcb, Abye¨vcb Ges M¨vm ZijxKiY 25% 90% 50% 50% 50% 75% ** ***
eRªcv‡Zi mgq evqygÐ‡j msNwUZ wewµqv I gvwU‡Z
CONCEPT-06 25% 50% 50% 50% 25% 50% * **
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·kb
CONCEPT-07 wk‡íi M¨vmxq eR©¨ I evqy`~lY m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv - 90% 50% 50% 25% 50% * ***
CONCEPT-08 MÖxb nvDR M¨vm I I‡Rvb¯Íi ÿq 75% 90% 90% 75% 75% 90% ** ***
CONCEPT-09 GwmW e„wó m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ 30% 75% 75% 50% 50% 75% * **
CONCEPT-10 A¤ø-ÿvi‡Ki wewfbœ gZev` m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv 25% 50% 50% 75% 75% 75% ** ***
CONCEPT-11 wgVv cvwbi Drm I mvi‡dm IqvUv‡ii weï×Zvi gvb`Ð - 50% 50% - - 50% * ***
CONCEPT-12 wkíeR¨© I cvwbi `~lY 50% 50% 50% 75% 50% 50% * ***
CONCEPT-13 cvwbi Av‡m©wbK `~lY I KviY 50% 50% 50% 50% - 50% * ***
CONCEPT-14 Lv`¨ k„•L‡j fvix avZz hy³ nIqvi KviY I cÖfve 40% 50% 25% 50% - 50% * **
CONCEPT-15 `ªe‡Yi cÖKvi‡f` I `~lK c`v_©mg~n evqy I cvwb‡Z - 50% - 50% - 50% * *
`ªexf~Z _vKvi †K․kj
CONCEPT-16 MvwYwZK mgm¨v, gvbwmK mgvavb 90% 50% - 75% 90% 90% *** ***
BASIC TOUCH AT A GLANCE ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kã¸‡”Qi cwiwPwZ I cÖ‡qvM [TOPICS Gi ¸iæZ¡vbymv‡i]

kã cwiwPwZ I cÖ‡qvM
evqygÐj f~c„ô †_‡K D‡aŸ© wewfbœ M¨vmxq c`v‡_©i wgkÖ‡Yi †h AveiY c„w_ex‡K †eób K‡i Av‡Q Zv n‡jv evqygÐj|
cÖavb Dcv`vbt bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Aw·‡Rb, Rjxq ev®ú|
evqygÐ‡ji Dcv`vb
†M․Y Dcv`vbt AvM©b, CO2| AwZ mvgvb¨ Dcv`vbt wbqb, wnwjqvg, wg‡_b, wµcUb, H2, N2O BZ¨vw`|
N~wY©So c„w_exi AveZ©‡bi mv‡_ GKB w`‡K N~Y©bkxj d¬zBW MwZ‡K N~wY©So e‡j|
R‡jv”Q¡vm N~wY©S‡o m„ó cÖej evqyi Zvobvq mgy‡`ªi Rjivwk DËvj n‡q dz‡j D‡V Ges DcK~j ev mvgyw`ªK Øx‡c AvNvZ Av‡b| 4-5 †_‡K 10-
12 dzU DuPz Rjivwk S‡oi †Zv‡o DcK~jxq AÂj I ØxcvÂj‡K cøvweZ K‡i hv R‡jv”Q¡vm bv‡g cwiwPZ|
e¨vcb ‡Kvb wbw`©ó ¯v‡b †Kvb KwVb, Zij ev M¨vmxq c`v‡_©i ¯^Ztù~Z© I mgfv‡e cwie¨vß nIqvi cÖwµqv‡K e¨vcb e‡j|
wbtmiY Pv‡ci cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y †Kvb miæwQ`ª c‡_ †Kvb M¨vm ev ev‡®úi m‡Rv‡i †ei n‡q Avmv‡K wbtmiY ev Abye¨vcb e‡j|
e‡q‡ji m~Î M¨v‡mi AvqZ‡bi Dci Pv‡ci cÖfve cÖKvk K‡i|
Pvj©‡mi m~Î M¨v‡mi AvqZ‡bi Dci ZvcgvÎvi cÖfve cÖKvk K‡i|
A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi m~Î M¨v‡mi AYyi msL¨v I †gvjvi AvqZb m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ Rvbv hvq|
Wvë‡bi AvswkK Pvc m~Î M¨vm wgkÖ‡Yi †gvU Pvc I Dcv`vb M¨v‡mi AvswkK Pv‡ci m¤úK© cÖKvk K‡i|
MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i|
Av`k© M¨vm †h mKj M¨vm mKj ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c M¨vm m~Îmg~n mwVKfv‡e †g‡b P‡j Zv‡ì‡K Av`k© M¨vm e‡j|
ev¯Íe M¨vm †h mKj M¨vmmg~n Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvPiY †_‡K wePz¨wZ cÖ`k©b K‡i Zv‡ì‡K ev¯Íe M¨vm e‡j|
cvwU©Kz‡jU KYv GB KYv ¸‡jv cvwU©Kz‡jU c`v_© wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G¸‡jv KwVb ev Zij c`v‡_©i ÿz`ª ev m~² KYv hv M¨v‡m fvmgvb Ae¯vq _v‡K|
MÖxbnvDR M¨vm CO2, CFC, CH4, N2O BZ¨vw` MÖxb nvDR cÖfve m„wó K‡i ZvB G‡ì‡K MÖxb nvDR M¨vm e‡j|
CFC ïaygvÎ †K¬vwib, ‡d¬vwib I Kve©b msewjZ wg‡_b I B‡_‡bi DØvqx RvZKmg~n‡K CFC/ †K¬v‡iv‡d¬v‡ivKve©b e‡j|
Avi‡nwbqvm gZev` A¤ø Rjxq `ªe‡Y H+ Avqb cÖ`vb K‡i| ÿvi Rjxq `ªe‡Y nvBWªw·j (OH–) Avqb cÖ`vb K‡i|
 ASPECT SERIES  cvVëB‡K mnR Kivi cÖqvm 
CHEMISTRY PLUS cwi‡ek imvqb 305
eªb‡÷W-jvDix gZev` A¤ø n‡”Q †m mKj c`v_© hviv ‡cÖvUb cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges ÿvi n‡”Q †m mKj c`v_© hviv †cÖvUb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AbyeÜx †Rvo A¤ø-ÿvi †cÖvUb `vb Ges MÖn‡Yi d‡j D™¢~Z A¤øÑÿvi †Rvo‡K AbyeÜx †Rvo e‡j| kw³kvjx A¤ø Ges `ye©j ÿvi GKwU AbyeÜx †Rvo MVb K‡i|
jyBm gZev` GK‡Rvov B‡jKUªb MÖn‡Y mÿg c`v_© gvÎB A¤ø Ges GK‡Rvov B‡jKUªb cÖ`v‡b mÿg c`v_© gvÎB ÿvi|
cvwbi LiZv †h cvwb‡Z mvevb mn‡R †dbv Drcbœ K‡i bv wKš‧ AwaK Nl‡j †dbv Drcbœ nq Zv‡K Li cvwb e‡j|
¯vqx LiZv cvwb‡Z Ca2+, Mg2+ cÖf…wZi †K¬vivBW, mvj‡dU jeY `ªexf~Z _vK‡j cvwbi ¯vqx LiZv nq|
A¯vqx LiZv cvwb‡Z Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+ cÖf…wZi evBKve©‡bU jeY `ªexf~Z _vK‡j cvwbi A¯vqx LiZv nq
GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq Ges wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kvb Rjvk‡q we`¨gvb G‡ivweK AYyRxe KZ…©K H Rjvk‡qi •Re c`v_©mg~n‡K fvO‡Z †h
BOD
cwigvY `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K BOD e‡j|
†Kvb cvwbi bgybvq we`¨gvb •Re I A‣Re c`v_©‡K Zxeª RviK K2Cr2O7 c`v_© Øviv RvwiZ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY Aw·‡Rb cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡K
COD
COD e‡j|
cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Aw·‡RbB DO| cvwb‡Z RjR Dw™¢`, cvwb ev AYyRx‡ei †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ `ªexf~Z Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY 4-6ppm Gi
DO
Kg n‡j G‡ì †eu‡P _vKv LyeB KwVb n‡q c‡o|
cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb mKj A‣Re Ges •Re c`v‡_©i cwigvY‡K TDS wn‡m‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq| G¸‡jv AvYweK, AvqwbK ev †QvU KYvi
TDS
AvKv‡i mvm‡cbkb Ae¯vq _vK‡Z cv‡i|
ZijxK…Z †c‡Uªvwjqvg M¨vm| mvaviYZ weD‡Ub I †cÖv‡cb‡K mwÜ ZvcgvÎv ev Zvi wb‡Pi ZvcgvÎvq G‡b D”P Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i Zi‡j
LPG
cwiYZ Kiv nq| G Zij M¨vm‡K w÷‡ji wmwjÛv‡i fwZ© Kiv nq|
CNG Compressed Natural Gas hv cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡mi mswÿß iƒc|
fvix avZz Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ fvix avZz we‡kl K‡i As, Cr, Pb, Cd hy³ nIqvi' d‡j gvivZ¥K weiƒc cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq|
 CONCEPT 01 cwi‡e‡ki I evqygÐ‡ji Dcv`vb I MVb

 Item-01: cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb m¤úwK©Z Z_¨-
Dcv`vb weKí bvg Bs‡iRx cÖwZkã Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨
evqygÐj evqy/evZvm/ev®ú gÐj Atmosphere mg¯Í M¨vmxq AÂj
evwigÐj cvwb gÐj Hydrosphere mg¯Í Rjivwk
wkjvgÐj g„wËKv gÐj Lithosphere wkjv Øviv MwVZ ewniveiY
RxegÐj cÖvY gÐj Biosphere Dw™¢` I RxeRMZ
[Ref: myfvl, gCR, wjsKb, ¸n m¨vi]
 Item- 02: evqygÐ‡ji Dcv`vb-

evqygÐ‡ji cÖavb Dcv`vbmg~n evqygÐ‡ji ‡M․Y Dcv`vbmg~n
M¨vmmg~n kZKiv AvqZb (%) AvM©b 0.934
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb (N2) 78.09 Kve©b WvB-A·vBW 0.033 [0.036 Ref: gwbgyj]
Aw·‡Rb (O2) 20.946 wbw¯…q M¨v‡mi g‡a¨-
Rjxq ev®ú (H2O) 14 evZv‡m AvM©‡bi (0.93%) cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk
 Item-03: evqygÐ‡ji wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii MVb :
evqygÐ‡ji ¯Íi
M¨v‡mi mshyw³i wfwË‡Z Pvc I ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b Abymv‡i
mggÐj welggÐj
Uª‡cvwùqvi ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi †g‡mvwùqvi _v‡g©vwùqvi

(cÖvK…wZK So, e„wó, AvenvIqv I Rjevqy (G AÂ‡j So e„wó bv nIqvq
wbqš¿K nIqvq G‡K ÿzä gÐjI ejv nq|) G‡K kvšÍ gÐjI ejv nq) wb‡Pi Ask Dc‡ii Ask
Avq‡bvwùqvi G‡·vwùqvi I
†P․¤^Kwùqvi
 Item-04: evqygÐ‡ji PviwU AÂ‡ji cwimi, Pvc I ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b :
j¨vcm-†iU ev EaŸ©
cwimi PvcgvÎv
evqygÐ‡ji AÂj ZvcgvÎv w`‡K ZvcgvÎvi Dcw¯Z Dcv`vb •ewkó¨
(km) mm (Hg)
cwieZ©b
µ‡g n«vm †c‡q N2, O2, CO2,  AvenvIqv I Rjevqy wbqš¿Y
1. Uª‡cvwùqvi 0 – 15 760 – 100 Positive (+)
–55C at 12 km Ar, H2O  wegvb PjvPj  ÿzä gÐj
Pvc Kg‡Z µ‡g e„w× †c‡q  †ewkifvM I‡Rvb¯Íi _v‡K
2. ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi 15 – 50 Negative (–) O3
_v‡K| + 2C at 50 km  †RU wegvb PjvPj  kvšÍ gÐj
 uv-iwk¥ †kvwlZ nq
 cvigvYweK Aw·‡Rb weivR K‡i|
Pvc Kg‡Z µ‡g n«vm †c‡q
3. †g‡mvwùqvi 50 – 85 Positive (+) O2 , NO+  I‡Rvb¯Íi Abycw¯Z [e.‡ev. 2016]
_v‡K| – 93C at 83 km
 evqygÐj kxZjZg Ae¯vq †cu․Qvq
 Dév aŸsm nq Ges abvZ¥K j¨vcm-‡iU N‡U|
4. _v‡g©vwùqvi Pvc Kg‡Z µ‡g e„w× †c‡q N2 , O2 , O ,  H2 I He M¨v‡mi cwigvY †ewk
+ + +
85 – 500 Negative (–)
ev, Avq‡bvwùqvi _v‡K| + 427C †_‡K 1727C nq NO+, H+, He+  AvšÍR©vwZK gnvKvk M‡elYv †K›`ª Aew¯Z|
we‡kl wKQz Z_¨

Uª‡cvwùqvi I ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqv‡ii gaëZ©x evqyi cvZjv ¯Íi‡K Uª‡cvcR ev Uª‡cvweiwZ e‡j|
(i)
÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi I †g‡mvwùqv‡ii gaëZ©x evqyi cvZjv ¯Íi‡K ÷ª¨v‡UvcR ev ÷ª¨v‡UvweiwZ e‡j|
(ii)
†g‡mvwùqvi I _v‡g©vwùqv‡ii gaëZ©x evqyi cvZjv ¯Íi‡K †g‡mvcR ev †g‡mvweiwZ e‡j|
(iii)
Uª‡cvgÛ‡j cÖwZ 1000 wgUvi D”PZvq ZvcgvÎv 6/7C nv‡i e„w× cvq|
(iv)
 Item -05: evqygÐ‡ji mshyw³MZ ZviZg¨ : mshyw³MZfv‡e evqygÐj‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
†nv‡gvwùqvi †nUv‡ivwùqvi
(i) f~-c„ô †_‡K 85 km ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| (i) 85 km Gi Dc‡i Aew¯Z|
(ii) M¨vmxq mshyw³ mgmË¡xqfv‡e w¯i _v‡K : 78% N2, 21% O2, 1% Ar mn Ab¨vb¨ M¨vm| (ii) M¨vm AYy I Avq‡bi AmgmË¡ wgkÖY Øviv MwVZ|
(iii) AšÍf~©³ ¯Íi : Uª‡cvwùqvi, ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi I †g‡mvwùqvi| (iii) AšÍf~©³ ¯Íi : Avq‡bvwùqvi, G‡·vwùqvi|
(iv) Zvcxq cwieZ©b N‡U| (iv) Zvcxq cwieZ©b N‡U bv|
 †nUv‡ivwùqv‡ii g~L¨ Dcv`vb:
 He said NO-
He said N O

He H2 N2 O2 O3
 Item -06: N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm :
 N~wY©So:  N~wY©So‡K mvaviYZ UªwcK¨vj mvB‡K¬vb ejv nq|
 wbiÿxq †iLvi DËi w`‡K 5 †_‡K 20 Aÿvs‡ki g‡a¨ µvšÍxq N~wY©So msNwUZ nq|
 GLv‡b UªwcK¨vj A_© µvwšÍ| A_v©r N~wY©So cÖavbZ µvwšÍ AÂ‡j m„wó nq|
 GKwU cÖej N~wY©S‡oi MwZ‡eM NÈvq 160 wK.wg. Ges e¨vm 16000 wK.wg. ch©šÍ nq|
 evqyi MwZ hZ †ewk n‡e N~Y©ve‡Z©i cwigvY ZZ †ewk n‡e| mvaviYZ mvM‡ii cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 27C ev 80F Gi †ewk n‡j N~wY©So m„wó nq|
 evqyi Pvc 760mm Hg †_‡K †ewk K‡qK mm Hg K‡g †M‡j Soe„wói m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`q|
 evqygÐ‡j Rjxq ev‡®úi e„w× n‡j Ges GKB m‡½ NbZ¡ K‡g †M‡j Zv Soe„wói KviY nq|
 R‡jv”Q¡vm: N~wY©S‡o m„ó cÖej evqyi Zvobvq mgy‡`ªi Rjivwk 4–5 †_‡K 10–12 dzU DuPz S‡oi ‡Zv‡o DcK~jxq AÂj I ØxcvÂj‡K cøvweZ K‡i| GiB bvg
mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm|
 AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi wbqvgK: Zzlv‡ii S‡o †gN Kzqvkv cÖevwnZ nq-
Zzlv‡ii S‡o †gN Kzqvkv evqy cÖevwnZ nq
    
Zzlvi cvZ So I R‡jv”Q¡vm †gN I e„wócvZ Kzqvkv evqy cÖevn, evqy Av`ª©Zv
 N~wY©So I mgy‡`ª R‡jv”Q¡vm m„wó‡Z wewfbœ wbqvg‡Ki cÖfve:
 evZv‡mi Pvc-
ev Zv †mi Pvc
   
evqyi NbZ¡ ZvcgvÎv mvgyw`ªK Rjxq ev‡®úi Ae¯v Pvc

SAQ
Short Ans Question WRITTEN SUGGESTION BAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœt ‡Kv_vq evqyi NbZ¡ me©v‡cÿv †ewk? Dt f~-c„‡ô cÖkœt evqyi Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e cvIqv hvq †KvbwU? Dt wbw®…q M¨vm
cÖkœt f~-c„ô n‡Z cÖvq KZ D”PZv ch©šÍ evqygÐj we¯Í…Z? Dt 500km cÖkœt N~wY©So m„wó n‡Z n‡j cvwbi ZvcgvÎv KZ Gi Dc‡i _vK‡Z nq? Dt 27C
cÖkœt ‡KvbwU wgkª c`v_©? Dt evqy cÖkœt mvB‡K¬vb m„wó nq †Kv_vq? Dt Mfxi mgy‡`ª
cÖkœt evqyi Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk? Dt bvB‡Uªv‡Rb cÖkœt cvigvYweK Aw·‡Rb weivR K‡i evqygÐ‡ji †Kvb ¯Í‡i? Dt †g‡mvgÐ‡j
cÖkœ-1 : N~wY©So wKfv‡e m„wó nq?
DËi : mvM‡ii cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 27C Gi Dc‡i †M‡j cvwbi ev®úxfe‡bi nvi `ªæZ †e‡o hvq| Dò evqy AwaK cwigvY Rjxq ev®ú aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Rjxq
ev®úc~Y© evqy ï®‥ evqy A‡cÿv h‡_ó nvjKv nq Ges Dc‡ii w`‡K D‡V wM‡q mvM‡ii ey‡K evqyk~b¨Zvi m„wó K‡i| d‡j evqyi Pvc K‡g hvq| D”P Pvc †_‡K
evqy wb¤œPv‡ci w`‡K `ªæZ cÖevwnZ nq| evqyi G weiƒc cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y evqygÐj †Zvjcvo K‡i S‡ov nvIqv eB‡Z _v‡K|
 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION CU
01. N2 M¨v‡mi e‡qj ZvcgvÎv KZ? [CU-G. 2016-17]
JU
A. 700K B. 973K C. 427°C D. -700°C E. 973°C
01. m~‡h©i Av‡jvi D”Pkw³i wewKiY evqygÛ‡ji †Kvb ¯Í‡i †kvwlZ nq? mwVK DËi: B. 973K
[JU-D. 2019-20]
A. Uªv‡cvwùqvi B. _v‡g©vwùqvi C. ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi D. G‡·vwùqvi e¨vL¨v: N2 M¨v‡mi e‡qj ZvcgvÎv 700 ev 973K [Ref. nvRvix]
mwVK DËi: C. ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi N2 M¨v‡mi e‡qj ZvcgvÎv 50 ev 323K [Ref. wjsKb]
02. evqygÛ‡ji †Kvb ¯Í‡ii ZvcgvÎv me‡P‡q Kg? [JU-D, Set-A. 2019-20] IU
A. Avq‡bvwùqvi B. _v‡g©vwùqvi C. ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi D. †g‡mvwùqvi 01. D”PZv e„w×i mv‡_ ZvcgvÎv I NbZ¡ Kg‡Z _v‡K- [IU-A.2017-18, P.‡ev. 15]
mwVK DËi: D. †g‡mvwùqvi A. Uª‡cvgÛ‡j B. ÷ªv‡UvgÛ‡j C. ‡g‡mvgÛ‡j D. ZvcgÛ‡j
e¨vL¨v: me‡P‡q †ewk ZvcgvÎv _v‡g©vwùqv‡i (+427 †_‡K 1727C) Ges mwVK DËi: A. Uª‡cvgÛ‡j
me‡P‡q Kg ZvcgvÎv †g‡mvwùqv‡i (0 †_‡K –93C)| e¨vL¨v: Uª‡cvgÛ‡j f~c„ô †_‡K hZ Dc‡i DVv hvq evqyi NbZ¡ Ges ZvcgvÎv
03. Dcv`vbwfwËK evqygÛ‡ji bx‡Pi †Kvb fvMwU mwVK? [JU-D, Set-Q. 2019-20] `y‡UvB Kg‡Z _v‡K|
A. †nUv‡ivwùqvi B. G‡·vwùqvi C. _v‡g©vwùqvi D. Avq‡bvwùqvi 02. evqygÐ‡ji me‡P‡q wb‡Pi ¯Íi‡K ejv nq- [IU. 2014-15]
mwVK DËi: C. _v‡g©vwùqvi A. ÷ª¨v‡UvgÐj B. †g‡mvgÐj C. Uª‡cvgÐj D. ZvcgÐj

04. mvB‡K¬vb m„wó nq †Kv_vq? [JU-A9. 2017-18]
mwVK DËi: C. Uª‡cvgÐj
A. AMfxi mgy‡`ª B. Mfxi mgy‡`ª C. cøveb f~wg‡Z D. cvnv‡o e¨vL¨v: evqygÐ‡ji wb‡Pi w`K †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K ¯Íi¸‡jv h_vµ‡g Uª‡cvwùqvi|
mwVK DËi: B. Mfxi mgy‡`ª ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi, †g‡mvwùqvi I _v‡g©vwùqvi|
e¨vL¨v: Mfxi mgy`ª GjvKvq ZvcgvÎv A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk _v‡K e‡j Mfxi mgy‡`ª STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
N~wY©So ev mvB‡K¬vb m„wó nq|
JUST
05. hLb m~h© I c„w_exi g‡a¨ GKB mij‡iLvq P›`ª Ae¯vb K‡i, ZLb Kx nq?
01. evqygÛ‡j N2 Gi AvswkK Pvc KZ? [JUST-B: 2019-20]
[JU-A3.2017-18]
A. m~h©MÖnY B. P›`ªMÖnY C. c~wY©gv D. Agvem¨v A. 1 atm B. 0.78 atm C. 0.21 atm D. 0.14 atm
mwVK DËi: A. m~h©MÖnY mwVK DËi: B. 0.78 atm
78
e¨vL¨v: m~h© MÖnY Agvem¨v wZw_‡Z nq| m~h© MÖn‡Y c„w_ex P›`ª I m~h© cÖvq GKB e¨vL¨v: PN2 = XN2  PT = 100  1 [evqygÐ‡j 78% N2 we`¨gvb] = 0.78 atm
mij †iLvq Ae¯vb K‡i| G mgq m~h© I c„w_exi gv‡S Pvu` Ae¯vb K‡i 02. cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡m †h cwigvY wnwjqvg _v‡KÑ [JUST. 2011-12]
d‡j Pvu‡ì Qvqv c„w_ex‡Z c‡o| A. 1.5-2.5% B. 2.7% C. 3.5-4.5% D. 0.5-1.5%
06. N~wY©So m„wói Rb¨ cvwbi ZvcgvÎv KZ °C Gi Dci _vK‡Z nq? mwVK DËi: D. 0.5-1.5%
[JU-A. 2016-17, iv.‡ev. 2015]
MBSTU
A. 25°C B. 27°C C. 40°C D. 30°C
01. evqygÐ‡j †g‡mvwùqv‡ii cwimi? [MBSTU-H.2016-17]
mwVK DËi: B. 27°C
A. 15-50 km B. 50-85 km C. 85-500 km D. 500-1000 km
e¨vL¨v: N~wY©So m„wó Ki‡Z mvM‡ii cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 27C Gi Dc‡i _vK‡Z nq| mwVK DËi: B. 50-85 km
RU 02. mvB‡K¬vb •Zwi n‡Z mvM‡ii cvwbi ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡Z n‡e? [MBSTU-H.2016-17]
01. cvigvYweK Aw·‡Rb weivR K‡i evqygÐ‡ji †Kvb ¯Í‡i? [RU-F3.2017-18] A. 70 F B. 72F C. 80F D. > 80F
A. ÷ª¨v‡UvgÐj B. ‡g‡mvgÐj C. ZvcgÐj D. Uª‡cvgÐj mwVK DËi: D. > 80F
mwVK DËi: B. ‡g‡mvgÐj BSMRSTU
e¨vL¨v: evqygÐ‡ji ‡g‡mvgÐj ¯Í‡i cvigvYweK Aw·‡Rb weivR K‡i| 01. N~wY©S‡oi DrcwËi mv‡_ evqyi †Kvb Ae¯vwU hy³Ñ [BSMRSTU-H. 2019-20]
02. ÷ªv‡Uvwùqv‡ii we¯Ívi KZ wK‡jvwgUvi? [RU-F3.2017-18]
A. D”PPvc B. wb¤œPvc C. w¯iPvc D. w¯i mylg ZvcgvÎv
A. 1-15 km B. 15-40 km C. 15-50 km D. 35-85 km mwVK DËi: B. wb¤œ P vc
mwVK DËi: C. 15-50 km e¨vL¨v: N~wY©S‡oi DrcwËi Rb¨ wb¤œPvc I D”PZvcgvÎv ìKvi|
02. evqy‡Z AvqZb wn‡m‡e Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY KZ? [BSMRSTU-B.2017-18] DAT
A. 1 - 5% B. 0.01 – 5% C. 0.1- 0.5% D. 0.1 – 3% 01. evqygÐ‡ji †Kvb ¯Í‡i N~wY©S‡oi DrcwË nq? [DAT. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: A. 1 – 5% A. Av‡qv‡bvwùqvi B. Uª‡cvwùqvi
e¨vL¨v: evqygÐ‡j AvqZb wn‡m‡e N2 (78.09%), O2 (20.95%), Rjxq ev®ú C. †g‡mvwùqvi D. ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi
(1-4%), CO2 (0.033%) BZ¨vw` _v‡K|
mwVK DËi: B. Uª‡cvwùqvi
03. evqy gÛ‡ji †Kvb AÂ‡j I‡Rvb ¯Íi Aew¯Z?
[BSMRSTU-B.17-18, CU- 17-18, JUST. 2011-12, e.‡ev. 16]
e¨vL¨v: Uª‡cvwùqv‡i So, SÂv cÖf…wZ cÖvK…wZK wech©q N‡U _v‡K| cÖvq me
A. Troposphere B. Thermosphere C. Mesosphere D. Stratosphere ai‡bi wegvb G AÂ‡jB PjvPj K‡i| ZvB G‡K ÿzä gÐj ejv nq|
mwVK DËi: D. Stratosphere Aciw`‡K ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi‡K kvšÍ gÐj ejv nq| G AÂj w`‡qB †RU wegvb
e¨vL¨v: evqygÐ‡ji ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi ¯Í‡i O2 †_‡K O3 M¨vm •Zix nq| PjvPj K‡i|
PUST 02. evqygÐ‡ji ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi ¯Í‡ii g~j Dcv`vb †KvbwU? [DAT. 2019-20]
01. evqygÛ‡j me‡P‡q †ewk cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq- [PUST. 2015-16] A. Aw·‡Rb B. wbqb C. Kve©b WvBA·vBW D. I‡Rvb
A. wnwjqvg B. †iWb C. wbqb D. AvM©b mwVK DËi: D. I‡Rvb
mwVK DËi: D. AvM©b e¨vL¨v: ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi ¯Í‡i mvgvb¨ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I Aw·‡Rb Dcw¯Z _vK‡jI g~j
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION Dcv`vb I‡Rvb, hv m~h©iwk¥ †_‡K AvMZ iwk¥‡K †kvlY K‡i _v‡K|
MAT evqygÐ‡j we`¨gvb †gvU I‡Rvb M¨v‡mi kZKiv 90 fvM G AÂ‡j Aew¯Z|
03. wbw®…q M¨v‡mi ci me‡P‡q wbw®…q †g․j †KvbwU? [DAT. 2017-18]
01. †Kvb M¨vmwU evZv‡m me‡P‡q †ewk cwigv‡Y _v‡K? [MAT. 2019-20]
A. Hydrogen B. Nitrogen C. Carbon dioxide D. Oxygen A. Aw·‡Rb B. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb C. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb D. Kve©b
mwVK DËi: B. Nitrogen mwVK DËi: C. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
e¨vL¨v: evZv‡m kZKiv cwigvY- e¨vL¨v: N2 cigvYyi B‡jKUªbxq KvVv‡gv (1s2 2s2 2Px1 2Py1 2Pz1) cÖwZmg
M¨vm kZKiv cwigvY M¨vm kZKiv cwigvY nIqvq AZ¨šÍ w¯wZkxj| ZvB `ywU bvB‡Uªv‡Rb cigvYyi w¯wZkxj AhyMj
N2 78.09% O2 20.94% B‡jKUªb †kqvi Øviv MwVZ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb- bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wÎ-eÜb AZ¨šÍ
CO2 0.033% Ar 0.93% w¯wZkxj I `„p| N2 h‡_ó Zwor FYvZ¥K †g․j nIqv m‡Ë¡I GwU Lye
Ab¨vb¨ 0.37% wbw®…q| e¯‧Z wbw®…q M¨v‡mi ci me‡P‡q wbw®…q †g․jB n‡jv bvB‡Uªv‡Rb|
 CONCEPT 02 wewfbœ cÖKvi GKK I aªyeKmg~n
 Item-01:
 STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) :
Pvc (P) ZvcgvÎv (T) AvqZb (V)
1 atm =76 cm(Hg)=760 mm(Hg) =1.01325105 Pa 00 C ev 273 K 22.4 dm3
 SATP (Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure) :
100 kPa 250 C ev 298 K 24.789 dm3 [Xv.‡ev. 2016]
 NTP (Normal Temperature and Pressure) :
1 atm 20 C / 293 K 24.04 dm3
 Item-02t GK‡Ki wewfbœ gv‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ev iƒcvšÍi :
Pv‡ci GK‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤úK© AvqZ‡bi GK‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤úK© f‡ii GK‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤úK©
atm, cm (Hg), Pa ev Nm–2, kPa m3, cm3, cc, mL, L, dm3 BZ¨vw` OZ, g, Carat, lb, kg, ton
1atm = 76cm (Hg) = 760mm(Hg) = 760 torr 1m = 1000dm3 1L = 1dm3
3
1g = 0.03352 OZ  1Lbs = 0.4536kg
= 101.325103Pa = 101.325 103 Nm–2 = 1000L = 1000cm3 1OZ = 28.35g  1kg = 2.2046Lbs
= 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bar
6
= 10 cm 3
= 1000cc 1000g = 1 kg  1g = Carat
 1carat = 0.2g
–2 6
= 1.01325  10 Pa = 1.01325  10 Nm
5 5 = 10 cc = 1000mL 1000kg = 1 Ton
= 106mL = 0.26339 Gallon 1 Ton= 2204.51Lbs [NB: OZ means
1 Gallon = 3.79L Ounce.]
 Pvc I AvqZ‡bi GK‡Ki cvi¯úwiK iƒcvšÍi †iLv wPÎt
Pv‡ci cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡Ît AvqZ‡bi †ÿ‡Ît
106
1333.22 101325
 Pa
cm   Pa
atm  103 103
1333.22 101325  
m  dm ev L  cm3 ev ml
3 3
10–3 10–3
76 760
 mm(Hg)
 cm(Hg) atm 
atm 
76 760 10–6
‡hgbt 9ml = 910–3 L = 910–6m3
 Item -04t cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv I cig ZvcgvÎv †¯‥j : ASPECT SERIES 
 cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvt

 †Kjwfb ev cig ZvcgvÎv †¯‥‡ji me©wb¤œ †h ZvcgvÎvi wb‡P M¨v‡mi AvqZb FYvZ¥K n‡Z ïiæ K‡i Zv‡K cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv e‡j|
 cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv M¨v‡mi cÖK…wZ I Pv‡ci Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|
 G ZvcgvÎv‡K absolute zero temperature ejv nq| Gi gvb –273C ev 0 K ev – 459F ev, –218 Re ev 0 Rn| (Re gv‡b †ivgvi †¯‥j Gi
ZvcgvÎv eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Rn Øviv Rankine scale Gi ZvcgvÎv eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
 cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi ¯vbvšÍi MwZ k~b¨ nq Ges ZvwË¡Kfv‡e M¨v‡mi †Kv‡bv AvqZb _v‡K bv|
 cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq K¤úb MwZi Rb¨ c`v‡_©i †h kw³ Aewkó _v‡K, Zv‡K k~b¨ we›`y kw³ (zero point energy) ejv nq|
 cig ZvcgvÎv †¯‥jt
cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv 0C/273 K
 jW© †Kjwfb KZ…©K D™¢vweZ †¯‥j‡K cig ZvcgvÎv †¯‥j ev †Kjwfb †¯‥j ejv nq|
Kÿ ZvcgvÎv 25C/298 K/153.6.4F
 cig ZvcgvÎv †¯‥j‡K T ev K Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎv ok ev 273.15C ev ORn ev 218.Re ev 459F
 †mjwmqvm I †Kjwfb †¯‥‡ji m¤úK©t tC = (273 + t) K Ges T K = (T –273)C
 cixÿvg~jK c×wZ‡Z 260C Gi wb‡P †Kv‡bv ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi AvqZb cwigvc Kiv hvq bv|

? mZK©Zv: STP I NTP Avgv‡ì cvV¨ eB‡Z GKB n‡jI g~jK AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e NTP-‡Z T = 20C ev 293K, P = 1 atm, V = 22.04L|
 msKU aªæeKt msKU aªæeK wZbwU| h_v- i) msKU ZvcgvÎv ii) msKU Pvc iii) msKU AvqZb|
i) msKU ZvcgvÎv/µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv/mwÜZvcgvÎv: †h ZvcgvÎvq ev Zvi wb‡P †Kvb M¨vm‡K ïay Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv hvq Zv‡K msKU ZvcgvÎv e‡j|
ii) msKU Pvct msKU ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨vm‡K †h Pvc cÖ‡qv‡M Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv hvq Zv‡K msKU Pvc e‡j|
iii) msKU AvqZbt 1 mole cwigvY †Kvb M¨vm msKU ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †h AvqZb `Lj K‡i Zv‡K msKU AvqZb e‡j|
Chart-01: msKU aªæe‡Ki wewfbœ gvb :
M¨vm µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv µvwšÍ Pvc (atm) µvwšÍ AvqZb (mLmol-1)
*H2 – 240°C 12.8 64.51
O2 118.8°C 49.7 74.42
*CO2 31.1°C 72.9 95.65
N2 – 147°C 33.5 90.1
*He  268C 2.26 57.6
Chart-02: wewfbœ GK‡K R Gi gvb :

GK‡Ki bvg GK‡Ki gvb GKK R Gi gvb
–1 –1 †R‡b ivLv fvj
1| wjUvi-evqyPvc 0.0821 L. atm. K mol bar GK‡K 8.314 10-2 L bar K–1mol–1
2| Gm. AvB 8.314 JK–1mol–1 Nm GK‡K 8.314 Nm K–1mol–1
GQvovI KwZcq
3| wm.wR.Gm 8.31410 7
erg.K–1mol–1 torr GK‡K 62.364 L. torr K–1mol–1
GK‡K R Gi gvb
4| K¨vjwi 1.987 Cal K–1mol–1 BwÄwbqvwis GK‡K 2783.63 ft.Ib mol11
Chart-03: K (‡evëR&g¨vb aªæeK) Gi gvb :
GK‡Ki bvg GK‡Ki gvb GKK mZK© evZ©v
wjUvi- evqyPvc 1.3610–25 L.atm.K–1molecule–1
Gm. AvB 1.3810–23 JK–1molecule –1 ‡evëR&g¨vb aªæe‡Ki GKK molecule–1 n‡e wKš‧
wm.wR.Gm 1.3810 -16 –1
erg.K molecule –1
mol–1 n‡e bv|
K¨vjwi 3.2910-24 Cal K–1molecule –1
 Drµg ZvcgvÎvt cÖwZwU M¨v‡mi Rb¨ GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv Av‡Q hvi wb‡P Ryj _gmb cÖfve cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| M¨v‡mi G ZvcgvÎv‡K Drµg
ZvcgvÎv e‡j| H2 = - 80°C ,He = - 240°C
fzjv hv‡e bv- He Gi mwÜ ZvcgvÎv 268C wKš‧ Drµg ZvcgvÎv 240C|
D‡jøL¨, mKj M¨v‡miB wbw`©ó Drµg ZvcgvÎv Av‡Q|
 wngwgkª‡Yi ZvcgvÎvt eid + NaCl = –20C, eid + CaCl2 = –54C, KwVb CO2 + B_vi = –110C
 A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªv msL¨vt e¯‧i GK †gvj G hZ msL¨K AYy, cigvYy ev Avqb _v‡K ‡mB msL¨v †K A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi msL¨v e‡j| G‡K NA Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
NA Gi gvb 6.023  1023 |
 ‡gvjt MÖv‡g cÖKvwkZ fiB AvYweK fi| G‡K n Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 m¤úK©t N, NA, n Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK©, N = n  NA [GLv‡b N = †gvU KYv / cigvYy / AYy / Avqb msL¨v]

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 06. H2 M¨v‡mi msKU ZvcgvÎv nj- [RU. 2014-15]
A. 130˚C B. –150˚C C. –240˚C D. †KvbwUB bq
DU
mwVK DËi: C. –240˚C
01. †evëR&g¨vb aªe‡Ki GKK n‡jv- [DU. 2012-2013, CU.2002-03]
CU
A. J/molecule B. J.s C. J/K D. g/cc
mwVK DËi: C. J/K 01. 127C DòZvi gvb cig †¯‥‡j KZ? [CU. 2012-2013]
A. 400K B. 127K C. 273K D. 146K E. 297K
e¨vL¨v: ‡evëR&g¨vb aªe‡Ki Ryj ev S.I. GK‡Ki mgxKiY- mwVK DËi: A. 400K
R JK 1mol 1 e¨vL¨v:  C  (273  )K; 127C=(273+127)K=400K
K  1
 JK 1
NA mol 02. 0C ZvcgvÎv cig †¯‥‡j KZ? [CU. 2007-2008]
Z‡e, Gi mwZ¨Kv‡ii GKK JK-1 molecule-1 A. 0C B. 750K C. 273K D. 298K E. 300K
02. 101.3 kPa evwn¨K Pv‡c cvwbi ùzUbvsK KZ? [DU.2011-2012] mwVK DËi: C. 273K
A. 120.8˚C B. 90.5˚C C. 100.0˚C D. 18.0˚C e¨vL¨v: C = (273 + )K; 0C=(273+0)K=273 K
mwVK DËi: C. 100.0˚C 03. KZ ZvcgvÎvq †mvwWqvg †K¬vivBW M‡j? [CU. 2006-07]
e¨vL¨v: ¯^vfvweK Ae¯vq cvwbi Mjbv¼ 0C Ges cvwbi ùzUbv¼ 100C hv Kÿ A. 800C B.500C C. 100C D. 200C E. 150C
ZvcgvÎvi †P‡q †ewk Ges Mjbv¼ (0C) KÿZvcgvÎv A‡cÿv Kg nIqvq mwVK DËi: A. 800C
cvwb Kÿ ZvcgvÎvq Zij c`v_©| e¨vL¨v: NaCl GKwU AvqwbK †h․M| GwU 801C ZvcgvÎvq M‡j|
03. wb‡Pi †Kvb Ae¯v‡K STP ejv nq? [DU.1995-1996] Mjbv¼ I ùzUbvsK m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvt ‡h ZvcgvÎvq ‡Kvb Zij
A. 273 k, 76 torr B. 0°C, 276 cm (Hg) Zvi cwi‡e‡ki ev®úPv‡ci mv‡_ m¤ú„³ nq Zv‡K H Zi‡ji ùzUbv¼ ejv
C. -273 k, 1 atm D. 0°C, 76 cm (Hg) nq| 1000C ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi ev®ú Pvc 1 atm nq Ges GB ZvcgvÎvq
mwVK DËi: D. 0°C, 76 cm (Hg) cvwbi Af¨šÍ‡i eyèy` m„wómn cvwbi ev®úxfeb N‡U| ZvB 1000C ZvcgvÎv
JnU cvwbi ùzUbv¼| ùzUbvsK evwn¨K Pv‡ci Dci wbf©ikxj| DuPz cvnv‡oi Dci
01. K¨vjwi †¯‥‡j †gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK R Gi gvb KZ? evqygÐ‡ji Pvc 1 atm Gi †P‡q Kg weavq cvwbi ùzUbvsK 1000C Gi
[JnU.2009-2010; BRU-D1.2017-18] †P‡q Kg nq| †cÖmvi KzKv‡i Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc 1 atm PvB‡Z †ewk nq
A. 0.082 Cal mol-1 K-1 B. 8.316 Cal mol-1 K-1
d‡j cvwbi ùzUbvsK e„w× cvq|
C. 1.987 Cal mol-1 K-1 D. 19.87 Cal mol-1 K-1
04. cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv ej‡Z eySvq-
mwVK DËi: C. 1.987 Cal mol-1 K-1
[CU. 2004-05, BUET. 2001-02, e.‡ev. 2015, iv.‡ev. 2016]
JU A. 723 K B. 273°C C. –273°C D. 0°C
01. SI GK‡K †evëRg¨vb aªæe‡Ki gvb KZ? [JU-D3.2017-18, P.‡ev. 15, wm.‡ev. 16] mwVK DËi: C. –273°C
A. 8.314 B. 1.38010-23 C.6.02310-23 D. 1.36010-25 e¨vL¨v: cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv: 0 K = –273°C = –218R = –459.4°F
-23
mwVK DËi: B. 1.38010 05. cig ZvcgvÎvi m‡½ †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvi m¤úK© wK? [CU. 2004-05]
02. †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi AvqZb gvcv hv‡e bv? [JU. 2011-2012] A. tK=(273+t)°C B. t – 273K = 0°C
A.0K B. 273 K C. 273F D. 273C C. t° C =(273+ t) K D. t° C = (273 –t) K
mwVK DËi: A.0 K mwVK DËi: C. t°C = (273+t) K
e¨vL¨v: 0K ev –273C ev –459.4 F ev –218R ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi AvqZb e¨vL¨v: °C = (273 + ) K
gvcv hv‡e bv ev M¨v‡mi AvqZb _vK‡e bv| IU
RU 01. SI GK‡K M¨v‡mi Pvc‡K cÖKvk Kiv nq- [IU. 2013-2014]
03. M¨v‡mi Rb¨ Av`k© ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡ci kZ©vejx †KvbwU? [RU. 2018-19] A. wbDUb/wg2 B. wg/†m.2 C. wg/wbDUb2 D. wbDUb
A. 0˚C Ges 1 torr B. 0˚K Ges 760 torr mwVK DËi: A. wbDUb/wg2
C. –273˚C Ges 1 atm D. 0˚C Ges 760 torr e¨vL¨v: Gm.AvB GK‡K M¨v‡mi Pv‡ci GKK  Nm–2
mwVK DËi: D. 0˚C Ges 760 torr 02. CGS GK‡K †gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK R Gi msL¨vm~PK gvb-
e¨vL¨v: M¨v‡mi Rb¨ Av`k© ZvcgvÎv I Pvc ev STP t Av`k© ZvcgvÎv 0oC [I.U. 2011-12, hv.‡ev. 17, iv.‡ev. 17]
1 1
ev 273K I Av`k© Pvc 1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 760 mm (Hg) = 760 A. 0.0821 L. atmK mol B. 8.316107 erg K1 mol1
7 1 1
torr = 1 bar C. 22.04610 J K mol D. 8.613107 dyne cm K1
04. †gvjvi M¨vm aªæe‡Ki SI GKK †KvbwU? [RU-F3.2017-18; RU.2010-11]
mwVK DËi: B. 8.316107 erg K1 mol1
A. erg K-1 mol-1 B. LatmK-1 mol-1 STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
-1 -1
C. JK mol D. CalK-1 mol-1 SUST
-1 -1
mwVK DËi: C. JK mol 01. ‡gvjvi M¨vm aªæe‡Ki mwVK GKK †KvbwU?
05. 1 atm (Pvc) mgvb KZ N/m2? [RU-H1.2017-18, PUST. 2012-13, Kz.‡ev. 2016] [SUST-B,2018-19, BSMRSTU. 2013-14]
A. 1 B. 1.014x105 C. 1.013548x10-5 D. 1.013548 A. L.atm-1mol-1K-1 B. Jmol.K-1 C. Cal.mol-1K
mwVK DËi: B. 1.014x105 D. erg.mol.K E. L.atm.mol-1K-1
-1 -1
e¨vL¨v: 1atmPvc=760mmHg=1.01325105Nm-2=1.01325105Pa mwVK DËi: E. L.atm.mol K
JUST STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
01. CO2 Gi mwÜ ZvcgvÎv KZ? [JUST-C. 2016-17, BSMRSTU. 2013-14]
BUET
A. 30.1C B. 32.1C C. 31.1C D. 301C E. 331C 01. †Kvb& ZvcgvÎvq GKwU AYyi MwZkw³ ïb¨ n‡e?
mwVK DËi: C. 31.1C [BUET. 2013-14,CU. 2012-13, iv.‡ev. 2017]
02. STP †Z ZvcgvÎv I Pvc KZ? A. 0C B. 273C C. 273C D. 116C E. 298 K
[JUST-C. 2016-17, RU.2009-10, BSMRSTU. 2012-13] mwVK DËi: C. 273C
A. 0C I1 atm B. 25C I 0.5 atm C. 0C I 0.5 atm e¨vL¨v: –2730C ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi ZvwË¡Kfv‡e AvqZb _v‡K bv| ‡h‡nZy
D. 25C I 10 atm E. 25C I10 atm AvqZbB _v‡K bv †m‡nZz MwZkw³i aviYv AevšÍi| †Kbbv G ZvcgvÎvq
mwVK DËi: A. 0C I 1 atm †c․Qv‡bvi Av‡MB M¨vm KwVb c`v‡_© cwiYZ nq|
†R‡b ivLv fvj-  1960C ZvcgvÎvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨vm Zi‡j cwiYZ nq|
e¨vL¨v: STP Gi c~Y©iƒc-Standard Temperature and pressure.  1860C ZvcgvÎvq AvM©b M¨vm Zi‡j cwiYZ nq|
ZvcgvÎvt 0C , Pvct 1atm, V= 22.4L  1830C ZvcgvÎvq Aw·‡Rb M¨vm Zi‡j cwiYZ nq
03. cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvi aviYv cvIqv hvqÑ [JUST. 2011-12]
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
A. A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv cÖKí †_‡K B. Pvj©m Gi m~Î †_‡K
MAT
C. †M-jym¨v‡Ki m~Î †_‡K D. B I C DfqB
01. †KvbwU Kÿ ZvcgvÎv? [MAT. 2014-15]
mwVK DËi: B. Pvj©m Gi m~Î †_‡K A. 298K B. 310K C. 343K D. 288K
BSMRSTU mwVK DËi: A. 298K
01. ‡gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK Gi gvb wjUvi evqyPvc GK‡K KZ? [BSMRSTU:2018-19]
e¨vL¨v: 25C ev 298K †K KÿZvcgvÎv e‡j|
02. mve©Rbxb M¨vm aªæeK R- Gi gvb KZ? [MAT: 2005-2006, CU.07-08, wm.‡ev. 2017]
A. 8.316 B. 0.0821 A. 8.13 KJ-1 mol-1 B. 8.31 JK-1 mol-1
C. 8.316107 D. 0.08211010 -1
C. 8.13 JK mol -1
D. 8.31 KJ-1 mol-1
mwVK DËi: B. 0.0821 mwVK DËi: B. 8.31 JK mol-1 -1
02. M¨vm aªæeK, R cÖ‡hvR¨Ñ [BSMRSTU. 2012-13] Board Ques.

A. cÖK…Z M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î B. Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î 01. He Gi Drµg ZvcgvÎv KZ? [Xv.†ev. 2019]
C. †h †Kvb cÖKvi M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î D. D”P Zv‡c M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î A. 240C B. 80C C. –80C D. –240C
mwVK DËi: B. Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î mwVK DËi: D. –240C
 CONCEPT 03 M¨v‡mi m~Î I Zvi †jLwPÎ
 Item-01: GK bR‡i M¨vm m~‡Îi bvbv K_v
m~‡Îi bvg Avwe®‥vi m¤úK© m~‡Îi wee„wZ MvwYwZK iƒc
ievU© e‡qj (1662, Kwei), w¯i ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi w¯i ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 1
e‡q‡ji m~Î
M¨vmwUi Dci cÖhy³ Pv‡ci e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK| V ev, PV  K
(1660, nvRvix) Bsj¨vÛ AvqZb I Pvc P
Pvj©m (1787) w¯i Pv‡c M¨v‡mi w¯i Pv‡c wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb Zvi cig
Pvj©‡mi m~Î V  T ev, V = KT
d«vÝ AvqZb I ZvcgvÎv ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK|
Pv‡ci m~Î ev w¯i AvqZ‡b M¨v‡mi w¯i AvqZ‡b wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc Zvi cig
†M-jymvK (1802) d«vÝ P  T ev, P = KT
†M-jymv‡Ki m~Î Pvc I ZvcgvÎv ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK|
A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªv (1811, ¸n), wbw`©ó AvqZ‡b GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mgAvqZ‡bi mKj M¨v‡m mgvb
V  n  V = Kn
m~Î (1812, nvRvix) BZvwj M¨v‡mi AYyi msL¨v msL¨K AYy _v‡K|
‡Kvb wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq ci¯úi wewµqvnxb `yB ev
Wvë‡bi Rb Wvëb (1802) wgkÖ‡Yi †gvU Pvc I P = P1 + P2 + ... + Pn,
Z‡ZvwaK M¨v‡mi GKwU wgkª‡Yi †gvU Pvc wgkª‡Y Dcw¯Z P1,P2,P3 = AvswkK Pvc|
AvswkKPvc m~Î Bsj¨vÛ AvswkK Pvc
Dcv`vb M¨vm mg~‡ni AvswkK Pv‡ci mgwói mgvb|
_gvm MÖvnvg (1829, w¯i ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c w¯i ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †Kvb M¨v‡mi e¨vc‡bi nvi D³ 1
MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb r
Kwei),(1846, nvRvix) M¨v‡mi e¨vc‡bi nvi M¨v‡mi Nb‡Z¡i eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK|
m~Î d
¯‥Uj¨vÛ I NbZ¡|
M¨v‡mi AwZ Aí msL¨K AYyi MwZ‡eM Lye Kg, AwZ
MwZ‡eM weZiY
g¨v·I‡qj (1860) - Aí msL¨K AYy‡Z MwZ‡eM AZ¨waK Ges †ewki fvM weZiY Kvf©
m~Î
AYyi MwZ‡eM Mo gv‡bi KvQvKvwQ _v‡K|
 Item -02t wewfbœ m~Î I G‡ì cÖ‡qvM-
m~‡Îi bvg eënvi
1. Wvë‡bi AvswkK Pvc m~Î  wgwkªZ M¨v‡mi Pvc wbY©q|  Av`ª© M¨v‡mi Pvc wbY©q|
2. MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î  wewfbœ M¨v‡mi AvYweK fi wbY©q  M¨vm wgkª‡bi Dcv`vb mg~n c„_KxKiY ev MvpxKiY
 GKB †g․‡ji wewfbœ AvB‡mv‡Uv‡ci c„_KxKiY|  †ZRw®…q AvB‡mv‡Uvc c„_KxKiY
3. Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY  M¨vmxq e¯‧i cwigvY wbY©q  DØvqx Zi‡ji †gvjvi fi ev AvYweK fi wbY©q;
 KwVb c`v‡_©i NbZ¡ wbY©q|
4.A¨vbWªy‡Ri cixÿvi cÖ‡qvM  mwÜ ZvcgvÎv  msKU aªæeK  M¨vm ZijxKi‡Yi g~jbxwZ
 Item -03t M¨vm m~‡Îi †jLwPÎ
†jLwPÎ †_‡K mvaviYZ `yÕai‡bi cÖkœ Av‡m| 01. †jLwP‡Îi cÖK…wZ 02. mwVK wPÎ †_‡K|
 MÖvd wbY©q c×wZ: mgxKiY †`‡L MÖv‡di cÖK…wZ †Kgb n‡e Zv wbY©q Kiv hv‡e, ZvB wb‡Pi wZbwU mgxKiY g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e-
cvIqv hvq m¤úK© iƒc mgxKiY †jL wPÎ MÖv‡di cÖK…wZ †iLvi bvg
e‡q‡ji m~‡Î,
P ebvg V
P Ges V PV P Awae„Ëxq
(PV = K)
xy = c
e‡q‡ji m~Î V
n‡Z 1 1
P Ges
V
P–
V e‡q‡ji m~‡Î, P ebvg 1 AvB‡mv_vg© ev
V
ev, ev, P g~j we›`yMvgx m‡gvò †iLv
1
(P = K ), y = mx mij‡iLv ev
1 1 V
V Ges V Abyiƒc, Pvj©‡mi m~‡Î, V ebvg T, (V = KT) mgZvcxq †iLv
[h.†ev. 2016; P P 1/V
w`.†ev. 2016]
PV Ges V PV V
e‡q‡ji m~‡Î PV ebvg P Gi MÖvd PV
ev, ev, Avbyf‚wgK mij‡iLv
aªæeK ebvg PjK
PV Ges P PV P
P
V = KT
V g~j we›`yMvgx
y = mx
GLv‡b, V ebvg T Gi MÖvd mij‡iLv mg‡cÖm‡iLv ev
Pvj©m Gi m~Î
V T T AvB‡mvevi
n‡Z V Ges T
†iLv ev mgPvc
[Xv.†ev. 2017] t C G Pvj©m Gi m~Î
†iLv
V t V Y Aÿ‡K wbw`©ó
V = V0 + 0
273 we›`y‡Z †Q`Mvgx
GLv‡b, V ebvg t Gi MÖvd
t
†M-jymv‡Ki m~‡Î mgAvqZbxq

‡M-jymv‡Ki g~j we›`yMvgx
P Ges T P T P ebvg T, (P = KT) P †iLv ev
Pvcxq m~Î n‡Z mij‡iLv
y = mx AvB‡mv‡Kvi
T
 Tricks : ebvg Gi evg cv‡k V memgq Y-Aÿ eivei|
 Real Example:
1. P ebvg V Gi MÖvd- V 
1 1
 V = k. = V  P V = K
P P
y x c
A_©vr xy = C mgxKiY †g‡b P‡j Zvn‡j P ebvg V Gi MÖvd n‡e Awae„Ëxq- P
V
2. PV ebvg P Gi MÖvd- Avgiv Rvwb, PV = K Zvn‡j ejv hvq K ebvg P Gi MÖvd n‡e mij‡iLv- †h‡nZz K GLv‡b aªæeK,
PV P
P PV
V0  t
 Pvj©‡mi m~‡Îi MÖvd- †Kjwfb †¯‥j Avwe®‥vi nIqvi c~‡e© Pvj©‡mi m~Î wQ‡jv- V = V0 +
273
  
V0
V V0 273 t
y m x
c
V V
0
Xvj = 273
mgxKiYwU Zzjbv Ki‡j y = mx + c Gi AvKvi cvq Zvn‡j MÖvd n‡e y Aÿ‡K wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z †Q`Mvgx- V0
tC
Q1. wb‡Pi MÖv‡d wZbwU AvB‡mv_vg© †iLvi µg wK n‡e? Q1. wb‡Pi MÖv‡d wZbwU AvB‡mvevi †iLvi µg wK n‡e?
 V1 > V2 > V3 bvwK V1 < V2 < V3  V1 > V2 > V3 bvwK V1 < V2 < V3
 T1 > T2 > T3 bvwK T1 < T2 < T3  P1 < P2 < P3 bvwK P1 > P2 > P3
P1
P2
V T1 V P3
T2
T3
P T
Step-1: x A‡ÿi Dci j¤^ AvK‡e d‡j mKj †iLvi j¤^ †Q`Kvix Step-1: x A‡ÿi Dci j¤^ AvK‡e, d‡j mKj mgPvcxq †iLv¸‡jv‡Z
we›`y‡Z P Gi gvb mgvb (w¯i) n‡jv| T Gi gvb w¯i n‡jv|
P1
V1 P2
V2 P3
V V1 V
T1 V3
V2
T2
V3 T
T3
P
Step-2: y A‡ÿi PjK (V) Gi AvB‡mvgv_© †iLvi ivwki (T) Gi 1
Step-2: y A‡ÿi PjK (V) Gi mv‡_ P Gi m¤úK© †`‡L cvB, V  ,
m¤úK© †_‡K †`L‡Z cvB V  T, mgvbycvwZK m¤úK© wPÎ Abymv‡i y P
A‡ÿ - V1 > V2 > v3 e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK, wPÎ Abymv‡i y A‡ÿ, V1 > V2 > V3
†m‡nZz, T1 > T2 > T3 Zvn‡j, P1 < P2 < P3
A. †jLwP‡Îi cÖK…wZ wbY©q :

mgxKi‡Yi †hwU aªyeK _v‡K †mwUB †jLwP‡Îi cÖK„wZ wb‡`©k K‡i| †hgbt e‡q‡ji m~‡Î ZvcgvÎv w¯i ev aªyeK _v‡K ZvB e‡q‡ji m~Î Abymv‡i ‡jLwP‡Îi cÖK…wZ n‡e mgZvcxq ev
AvB‡mv_vg© †iLv|
m~‡Îi bvg aªæeK ‡jLwP‡Îi cÖK…wZ
e‡q‡ji m~Î T mgZvcxq ev AvB‡mv_vg© †iLv
Pvj©‡mi m~Î P mgPvcxq ev AvB‡mvevi ev AvB‡mv‡cÖm †iLv
Pv‡ci m~Î ev †M-jymv‡Ki m~Î V mgAvqZbxq ev AvB‡mv‡Kvi †iLv
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-1 : Av`k© M¨vm I ev¯Íe M¨vm ej‡Z wK eySvq?

DËi : †h M¨vm mKj ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c M¨v‡mi m~Îmg~n †g‡b P‡j Zv‡K Av`k© M¨vm Ges †h M¨vm mKj ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c M¨v‡mi m~Îmg~n †g‡b P‡j bv Zv‡K
ev¯Íe M¨vm e‡j|
cÖkœ-2 : e‡qj, Pvj©m, A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªv, Wvë‡bi AvswkK Pvc Ges MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~ÎwU wjL| DËi: Concept-3; Item-1
1
cÖkœ-3 : V ebvg p , P ebvg V, PV ebvg P Ges V ebvg T Gi †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki| DËi: Concept-3; Item-3

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION mwVK DËi: B. P  T (V, n w¯i)
DU e¨vL¨v: V  T (P, n w¯i)  Pvj©‡mi m~Î, V  1 (n, T w¯i)  e‡q‡ji m~Î
P
01. M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ gvc‡Z eëüZ nq- [DU-Ka.2016-17]
V  n (P, T w¯i)  A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi m~Î|
A. Arrhenius equation B. Perfect gas equation
C. Einstein equation D. Faraday equation 04. w¯i Pv‡c wbw`©ó cwigvY †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb cig ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK|
mwVK DËi: B. Perfect gas equation G m~ÎwU- [JU. 2011-2012, mw¤§wjZ †evW© 2018]
e¨vL¨v: Perfect gas quation = Ideal gas equation A . e‡q‡ji B . Pvj© ‡ mi C.†M-jy mv‡Ki D. M¨v‡mi m~Î
m m PM mwVK DËi: B. Pvj©‡mi
PV=nRT ev, PV= RT  PM = RT  d= 05. M¨vm wgkª‡Yi †gvU Pvc wgkªYwUi Dcv`vb M¨vm mg~‡ni AvswkK Pv‡ci -
M V RT
[JU.2010-2011]
02. †Kvb †jLwPÎwU w¯i Pv‡c Pvj©‡mi m~‡Îi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©? [DU-Ka.2014-15]
A. ¸Yd‡ji mgvb B. ‡hvMd‡ji mgvb
C. eM©g~‡ji mgvb D. me¸wjB mZ¨|
V(L)
V(L)
A. B. mwVK DËi: B. ‡hvMd‡ji mgvb

06. w¯i Pv‡c GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi wbw`©ó f‡ii AvqZb? [JU.2009-2010]
T(K) A. K¨vjwfb ZvcgvÎvi mgvby c vwZK B. ‡mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK

T(K)
C. K¨vjwfb ZvcgvÎvi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK D. ‡mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
V(L)
V(L)
mwVK DËi: A. K¨vjwfb ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK

C. D.
e¨vL¨v: K¨vjwfb ZvcgvÎv I cig ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB|
T(K) T(K) 07. e‡q‡ji m~Î Abymv‡i hLb GKwU M¨v‡mi Pvc K‡g hvq ZLb:
mwVK DËi: A. [JU. 2009-10, e.‡ev. 2017]
e¨vL¨v: Pvj‡m©i m~Îvbymv‡i, V  T ev, V = KT mgxKiYwU‡K y = mx Gi A. AvqZb e„w× cvq B. AvqZb K‡g hvq
mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡j g~jwe›`yMvgx mij‡iLv cvIqv hvq| C. ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq D. ZvcgvÎv K‡g hvq
V0 × t mwVK DËi: A. AvqZb e„w× cvq
t C G Pvj©m Gi m~Î : V = V0 +
273 e¨vL¨v: e‡q‡ji m~Î t w¯i ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb M¨vmwUi
Pvj©m Gi m~‡Îi †jLwPÎ : [Xv. †ev. 2017] Dci cÖhy³ Pv‡ci e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK|
V ebvg T V ebvg tC
RU
01. PV=nRT mgxKi‡Y T-Gi gvb cÖKvk nq †Kvb †¯‥‡j? [RU. 11-12, 08-09]
V V A. dv‡ibnvBU B. †mjwmqvm C. cig ZvcgvÎv D. †ivgvi
v0 mwVK DËi: C. cig ZvcgvÎv
TK tC e¨vL¨v: Av`k© M¨vm mgxKi‡Y ZvcgvÎv cig †¯‥‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡K cig
ZvcgvÎv e‡j|
JU
02. STP ‡Z 50 cc †K¬vwib M¨v‡mi AYyi msL¨v 50cc bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi AYyi-
01. wb‡Pi †Kvb M¨vmwUi e¨vcb nvi †ewk? [JU-A.2019-20]
[RU.2008-2009]
A. HCl B. NH3 C. CH4 D. Cl2 A. wZb¸Y B. wØ¸Y C. A‡a©K D. mgvb
mwVK DËi: C. CH4 mwVK DËi: D. mgvb
e¨vL¨v: e¨vcb nv‡ii µg CH4 > NH3 > HCl > Cl2 e¨vL¨v: GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mgAvqZb wewkó mKj M¨v‡m mgvb msL¨K AYy
hvi AvYweK fi Kg Zvi e¨vcb nvi †ewk| _v‡K| ZvB †K¬vwib I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi AYyi msL¨v mgvb|
02. Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY †_‡K †gvjvi fi wbY©‡qi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK?
[JU-A. 2016-17] CU
dRT RT dRT Pd 01. †KvbwU Pvj©‡mi m~Î? [CU. 2019-20]
A. M = B. M = C. M = D. M =
P Pd PV RT 1 1
A. P  (at constant T) B. V  (at constant T)
dRT V T
mwVK DËi: A. M = C. V  T (at constant P) D. P  T (at constant V)
P
W W mwVK DËi: C. V  T (at constant P)
e¨vL¨v: PV = nRT, PV = RT , PM = RT
V e¨vL¨v: w¯i Pv‡c, †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi AvqZb Zvi cig ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK, V  T|
M
W PM PM dRT 02. wb‡Pi †Kvb m~ÎwU M¨vm m~‡Îi AšÍf~©³ bq? [CU. 2008-09]
 = d= M= A. e‡q‡ji m~Î B. Pvj©‡mi m~Î
V RT RT P
03. †M-jymv‡Ki Pv‡ci m~Î †KvbwU? [JU. 2015-16; D1.2017-18] C. Wvë‡bi AvswkK Pvc m~Î D. A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi m~Î
A. V  n, (P, T w¯i) B. P  T, (V, n w¯i) E. ‡n‡mi m~Î
1 mwVK DËi: E. ‡n‡mi m~Î
C. V  T, (n, P w¯i) D. V  , (n, T w¯i) e¨vL¨v: ‡n‡mi m~Ît GwU Zvc mgwói wbZ¨Zv m~Î ev aªæeZvc mgwóKiY m~Î| GwU
P
M¨vm m~‡Îi mv‡_ mswkøó bq|
03. w¯i Zv‡c †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc wØ¸Y evo‡j AvqZb n‡e: ASPECT SERIES 
[CU. 2006-07] 1
A. wØ¸Y B. A‡a©K C. Pvi¸Y D.GK PZz_©vsk E. GK Z…Zxqvsk
e¨vL¨v: e‡q‡ji m~Î : V ev, PV  K [h.‡ev. 2016]
P
mwVK DËi: B. A‡a©K e‡q‡ji m~‡Îi †jLwPÎ : [w`.‡ev. 2016]
e¨vL¨v: e‡q‡ji m~Î g‡Z ZvcgvÎv aªæe _vK‡j Ges Pvc wØ¸Y evov‡j AvqZb 1 P ebvg v PV ebvg P
V ebvg
V P
A‡a©K n‡e A_©vr V  0
2
04. †KvbwU mwVK bq? [CU. 2003-2004] V P PV
A. M¨vm AYyi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM AvYweK f‡ii eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
B. AwZ wbgœœPvc I D”P ZvcgvÎvq ev¯Íe M¨vm Av`k© AvPiY K‡i 1 V P
C. Ryj _gmb cÖfv‡e ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq P
D. AvqwbK †h․‡Mi MjbvsK I ùzUbvsK mvaviYZ †ewk
02. M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î AvqZb‡K 1/Pvc Gi wecix‡Z ¯vcb Ki‡j cvIqv hvq-
mwVK DËi: C. Ryj _gmb cÖfv‡e ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq [MBSTU. B. 2015-16]
05. w¯i AvqZ‡b M¨v‡mi Pvc I ZvcgvÎvi m¤úK© cÖKvkK m~ÎwU- [CU. 2002-2003] A. mgZvcxq eµ †iLv B. g~jwe›`yMvgx mij †iLv
A. e‡q‡ji m~Î B. Pv©j‡mi m~Î C. mgZvcxq mgvšÍivj †iLv D. me¸‡jv
C. †M-jym¨v‡Ki m~Î D.Wvë‡bi m~Î
mwVK DËi: B. g~jwe›`yMvgx mij †iLv|
mwVK DËi: C. †M-jym¨v‡Ki m~Î
06. w¯i ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î P1V1 = P2V2 GUv Kvi m~Î? e¨vL¨v: e‡q‡ji m~Î †_‡K cÖvß V ebvg 1 ‡iLvwU nq g~jwe›`yMvgx mij‡iLv|
P
[CU. 2001-2002, RU. 07-08, iv.‡ev. 2015]
A. e‡qj B. Pvj©m C. A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªv D. Wvëb e‡q‡ji m~Î †_‡K cÖvß P ebvg V ‡iLvwU nq Awae„Ëxq|
mwVK DËi: A. e‡qj e‡q‡ji m~Î †_‡K cÖvß PV ebvg P ev V ‡iLvwU nq X A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
e¨vL¨v: e‡q‡ji m~‡Î Boil ev, heat ev Zvc w¯i _v‡K| 03. e‡q‡ji m~‡Îi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? [MBSTU. 2011-12]
A. Pvc w¯i B. ZvcgvÎv w¯i
IU
C. AvqZb w¯i D. †KvbwUB bq
01. M¨v‡mi AYyi msL¨v I †gvjvi AvqZb Gi m¤úK© cÖKvk K‡i- [IU. 2015-16]
mwVK DËi: B. ZvcgvÎv w¯i
A. e‡q‡ji m~Î B. Pvj©‡mi m~Î C. Wvë‡bi m~Î D. A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªv m~Î
mwVK DËi: D. A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªv m~Î e¨vL¨v: e‡q‡ji m~ÎwU wb¤œiƒc: Ów¯i ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi
e¨vL¨v: m~ÎwU: V  n [T I P w¯i] AvqZb H M¨v‡mi Dci cÖhy³ Pv‡ci e¨¯ÍvbycvwZKÓ|
w¯i ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mgAvqZb wewkó mKj M¨v‡m mgvb msL¨K AYy _v‡K| 1
A_©vr V  P , hLb n I T w¯i|
02. ‡Kvb M¨vm wgkÖ‡Yi †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi AvswkK Pvc ej‡Z H Dcv`v‡bi †gvj
fMœvsk I M¨vm wgkÖ‡Yi †gvU Pv‡ciÑÑ eySvq| [IU. 2014-15] 04. A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi cÖKí Abyhvqx V  n hLbÑ [MBSTU. 2011-12]
A. †hvMdj‡K B. we‡qvMdj‡K C. ¸Ydj‡K D. fvMdj‡K A. T I P aªæeK B. T aªæeK C. P aªæeK D. †KvbwUB bq
mwVK DËi: C. ¸Ydj‡K mwVK DËi: A. T I P aªæeK
e¨vL¨v: Wvë‡bi AvswkKPvc m~Îvbymv‡i, †Kvb M¨vm wgkÖ‡Yi †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi
AvswkK Pvc H Dcv`v‡bi †gvj fMœvsk I M¨vm wgkÖ‡Yi †gvU Pv‡ci HSTU
¸Yd‡ji mgvb| 01. e‡q‡ji m~‡Îi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
AvswkK Pvc = †gvj fMœvsk  †gvU Pvc
[HSTU-B.2017-18; CU.09-10; 2011-12; JnU.2009-2010]
A. V constant B. P constant
BU C. T constant D. P and V constant
01. wbw`©ó Pvc I ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nvi- mwVK DËi: C. T constant
[BU.2015-16;RU. 2012-2013]
A. Nb‡Z¡i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK B. Nb‡Z¡i mgvbycvwZK 1
e¨vL¨v: e‡q‡ji m~Î : V  P , hLb n I T w¯i|
C. Nb‡Z¡i eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK D. Nb‡Z¡i eM©g~‡ji mgvbycvwZK
mwVK DËi: C. Nb‡Z¡i eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
1
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
e¨vL¨v: MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î †_‡K Avgiv Rvwb, r  BUTex
d
02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi m‚Î? [BU. 2012-2013] 01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [BUTex. 2015-16]
1 A. V  P (at constant m) B. C=(RT/3M) 1/2
A. V  B. V  T C. V  n D. PV  nRT
P PT
mwVK DËi: C. V  n C. V  T [at constant P] D. R=
nv
e¨vL¨v: w¯i ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mgAvqZb wewkó mKj M¨v‡m mgvb msL¨K AYy _v‡K| mwVK DËi: C. V  T [at constant P]
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION e¨vL¨v: Pvj©‡mi m~Î : w¯i Pv‡c wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb cig ZvcgvÎvi
MBSTU mgvbycvwZK| A_©vr V  T [at constant P]|
01. Av`k© M¨v‡mi PV ebvg P Kvf© †Kvb A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj n‡e? 02. wb‡gœi †Kvb m~ÎwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq? [BUET. 2013-14]
[MBSTU. B. 2016-17] A. Gay-Lussac’s law B. Raoult’s law
A. PV Aÿ B. P Aÿ C. PS Aÿ D. †KvbwUB bq C. Graham’s law D. Avogadrow’s law
mwVK DËi: B. P Aÿ mwVK DËi: B. Raoult’s law
e¨vL¨v: 02. Pvc, Zvc I AvqZb msµvšÍ †Kvb m~ÎwU mwVK bq? [MAT:2008-09]
cÖeZ©K m~Î      
A. V  V0 1   B. P  P0 1  
Gay-Lussac’s law M¨v‡mi AvqZb AbycvZ m~Î  273   273 
Graham’s law e¨vcb m~Î M
C. PV  RT D. PV  nRT
Avogadrow’s law AYy aviYvi m~Î w
Raoult’s law Av`k© Zij-Zij `ªe‡Yi m~Î M
mwVK DËi: C. PV  RT
w
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION w
MAT e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb, Av`k© M¨vm mgxKi‡Yi Av`k©iƒc n‡”Q PV  nRT  RT
M
01. cvwb‡K 0ºC ZvcgvÎv n‡Z 10ºC ZvcgvÎvq DËß Ki‡j Dnvi AvqZb- 03. PV = K, GB mgxKiYwU mvaviYfv‡e †Kvb m~‡Îi cÖKvk-
[MAT. 2014-15] [MAT: 2002-2003, iv.‡ev. 2017]
A. e„w× cvq B. K‡g C. AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K D. cÖ_‡g ev‡o Zvici K‡g A. Pvj©‡mi m~Î B. e‡q‡ji m~Î
mwVK DËi: A. e„w× cvq C. Pv‡ci m~Î D. Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY
e¨vL¨v: VT A_v©r ZvcgvÎv evo‡j AvqZb ev‡o| Z‡e 4C ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi mwVK DËi: B. e‡q‡ji m~Î
NYZ¡ me‡P‡q †ewk| A_©vr AvqZb me‡P‡q Kg| Gici Avevi AvqZb 1
evo‡Z _v‡K| A_©vr ZvcgvÎv evov‡j AvqZb cÖ_‡g K‡g Gici ev‡o| e¨vL¨v: e‡q‡ji m~Î : V  P , hLb n I T w¯i|
 CONCEPT 04 c`v‡_©i wewfbœ Ae¯v Ges M¨vm m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv

 Item- 01t c`v‡_©i Ae¯vtÑ weÁvbx‡ì g‡Z, wek¦ cÖK…wZi `yÕwU fvM- (1) c`v_© I (2) weKxY© kw³
 c`v‡_©i Ae¯v ev †gvU Ae¯vt c`v‡_©i Ae¯v wZbwU| h_vt KwVb, Zij I M¨vmxq| wKš‧ we‡kl Ae¯v `yÕwU, h_vt cøvRgv Ae¯v I Zij ùwUK Ae¯v|
 KwVb, Zij I M¨vm nIqvi kZ©:
IMF > Ek  KwVb c`v_© ; IMF  Ek  Zij c`v_© ; IMF < Ek  M¨vm [(IMF = Inter Molecular Force ev AvšÍtAvYweK ej), Ek = Kinetic
energy = MwZkw³|]
 c`v‡_©i †f․Z Ae¯v- KwVb, Zij I M¨vmxq| GQvov AviI `ywU Ae¯v- Zij ùwUK Ae¯v I cøvRgv Ae¯v (104–106)°C A_ev (104–105K)
 Zij ùwUK Ae¯vt ‡KjvmvKvi •Re c`v_©  A¯^”Q Zij  Zij ùwUK|
 ‣ewkó¨t (i) cÖevn ag© I c„ôUvb m¤^wjZ (ii) Bnviv •Re †h․M (iii) `ywU Ask _v‡K `„p I bgbxq Ask (iv) `xN© wkK‡ji GK cÖv‡šÍ †cvjvi MÖæc _v‡K
 ag©t (i) `„pZv ag© (ii) Av‡jvK ag©
 eënvit Temperature sensor wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|
 D`vniYt  b¨vd_vwjb, WvBKve©w·wjK GwmW I WvBAj Gi cwjG÷vi (cwjgvixq Zij ùwUK)
 4-weDUvAw·-4 B_v‡bvwqj A¨v‡Rv †ebwRb
 4,4-WvBwg‡_vw· A¨v‡Rvw· †ebwRb
 4-‡c›UvBj evBwdbvBj-4-Kv‡e©vbvBUªvBj (Kÿ ZvcgvÎvq Zij ùwUK)
 cøvRgv Ae¯v (Plasma)t
 cøvRgv Ae¯v c`v‡_©i m‡ev©”P kw³ m¤^wjZ †f․Z M¨vmxq Ae¯v|
 G‡Z KYv ¸‡jv PvR©hy³ Ges AwZ cÖPÐ MwZ‡Z QzUvQzwU Ki‡Z _v‡K| wKš‧ mvwe©Kfv‡e Zwor wbi‡cÿ|
 m~h© (ZvcgvÎv 107 †Kjwfb) Ges Ab¨vb¨ bÿ‡Î cøvRgvi Dcw¯wZ Av‡Q|
 AwZ D”P ZvcgvÎvq cøvRgv Ae¯v AvqwbZ Ae¯vq _v‡K|
 wbqb Av‡jv, cÖwZcÖfv evwZ Ges †jRvi iwk¥‡Z cøvRgv eëüZ nq|
 wbDwK¬qvi wdDkvb M‡elYvi †ÿ‡Î Gi Dcw¯wZ Rvbv hvq|
 †R‡b ivLv fvjt cøvRgv Ae¯v n‡”Q c`v‡_©i M¨vmxq Ae¯v|
 Item -02t M¨vmt c`v‡_©i †h †f․Z Ae¯vq b~¨bZg AvšÍtKYv AvKl©Yej I m‡ev©”P AvšÍtKYv duvKv ¯vb _v‡K Ges G Ae¯vq AvqZb I AvK…wZi †Kvb wbw`©óZv
_v‡K bv Zv‡K M¨vm e‡j|
 M¨v‡mi ‣ewkó¨t  M¨vm c`v‡_©i GKwU mgmË¡ †f․Z Ae¯v|
 GKvwaK M¨vm ci¯úi wgwkªZ n‡q mgmË¡ wgkªY •Zwi K‡i|
 M¨vmxq Ae¯vq c`v‡_©i wbw`©ó †Kvb Pvc †bB|
 M¨vmxq c`v‡_©i Av‡cwÿK AvqZb Zij I KwVb c`v‡_©i †P‡q A‡bK †ewk |
 M¨v‡mi †Kvb wbw`©ó AvK…wZ I AvqZb †bB|
 M¨v‡mi AYymg~‡ni AvšÍtAvYweK duvKv ¯vb Lye †ewk |
 ZijI KwVb c`v‡©_i †P‡q M¨vmxq c`v_© A‡bK †ewk ms‡KvPbkxj I cÖmviY †hvM¨|
 M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ me‡P‡q Kg|
 M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi Dci AwfKl© kw³i ‡Kvb cÖfve bvB|
 M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i ¯^xKvh© mg~nt ASPECT SERIES 
 mKj M¨vmxq KYv AmsL¨ ÿy`ª, †MvjvKvi I w¯wZ¯vcK|

 AYy I M¨vmvav‡ii ‡Ìqv‡ji g‡a¨ †Kvb AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y ej †bB|
 ‡h †Kvb `ywU AYyi msN‡l©i gaëZ©x c_ mij ‣iwLK|
 msNl©mg~n w¯wZ¯vcK|
 M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ cigZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK A_©vr EK  T.
 M¨vmxq KYv mg~‡ni AvqZb M¨vmvav‡ii AvqZ‡bi Zzjbvq AwZ bMY¨|
 AYy ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ïay msN‡l©i Rb¨ †h mgq e¨q nq Zv `y‡Uv msN‡l©i gaëZx© mg‡qi Zzjbvq AwZ bMY¨| M¨v‡mi AYyi Dci AwfKl© kw³i †Kvb cÖfve ‡bB|
 M¨v‡mi cÖKvi‡f`t M¨vm g~jZ wZb cÖKv‡i wef³| h_vt (1) wPišÍb M¨vm (2) ev¯Íe M¨vm (3) Av`k© M¨vm|
 wPišÍb M¨vmt Av‡M aviYv Kiv nZ O2, N2, H2 cÖf„wZ M¨vm‡K cÖPzi Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡iI Zi‡j iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq bv Ges G‡ì Zij Ae¯vi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB|
ZvB G‡ì wPišÍb M¨vm ejv n‡Zv| cieZ©x‡Z wb¤œZi ZvcgvÎvq Pvc cÖ‡qv‡M Z_vKw_Z ÒwPišÍbÓ M¨vmmg~n‡KI ZiwjZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 ev¯Íe M¨vm ev cÖK…Z M¨vmt
 †h mKj M¨vm PV = nRT mgxKiY †g‡b P‡jbv Zv‡ì‡K cÖK…Z M¨vm ejv nq|
 wbgœ Pv‡c I D”PZvcgvÎvq [T>–273C ev, P 1 1atm] ev¯Íe M¨vm mg~n Av`k© M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPiY K‡i| CO2, N2, H2 cÖf„wZ|
 Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvPiY n‡Z ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi wePz¨wZ : weÁvbx A¨vgvMv G Z_¨ †`b|
A¨vgvMv e‡µi Zvrch© nj Ñ ev¯Íe M¨vm Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY PV = nRT 50
N2
(L. atm)
cy‡ivcywifv‡e †g‡b P‡j bv| GB Kvf© Av`k© AvPiY †_‡K ev¯Íe M¨vm¸‡jvi wePz¨wZ O2 H2
40
cÖKvk K‡i| hw` †Kv‡bv M¨vm Av`k© AvPiY K‡i Z‡e w¯i ZvcgvÎvq PV Gi gvb CO2
aªæe _vKZ A_©vr P A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv cvIqv †hZ| w¯i ZvcgvÎvq PV ebvg 30 He
P †iLv‡K A¨vgvMv eµ‡iLv ejv nq| A¨vgvMv cÖavbZ `yB ai‡bi †jL cvb|
(i) cÖ_g ai‡bi †jL H2, He cÖf…wZ M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î Pvc e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ PV Gi gvb
µgvMZ ev‡o| A_©vr PV Gi gvb Av`k© M¨v‡mi gvb A‡cÿv †ewk nq| G‡ì 20
Av`k©
†ejvq †clY-gvÎv Kg _v‡K Ges †jL¸‡jv mij‡iLv n‡q _v‡K|
PV RT M¨v‡mi †jL
(ii) wØZxq ai‡Yi †jL O2, N2, CO2 cÖf…wZ M¨v‡mi Pvc e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖ_‡g PV 10
Gi gvb Av`k© gvb n‡Z µgvMZ Kg‡Z _v‡K Ges GKmgq GKwU b~¨bZg gv‡b
†cu․‡Q Zvici Pvc e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Avevi evo‡Z _v‡K Ges Av`k© gvb A‡cÿv
†ewk nq| G‡ì †ejvq cÖ_g w`‡K †clY-gvÎv †ewk _v‡K| PV Gi gvb b~¨bZg
nIqvi ci †clb-gvÎv ax‡i ax‡i n«vm cvq| G‡ì †jL¸‡jv eµ‡jL nq| 200 400 600 800 1000
P(atm)
 A¨vgvMv e‡µi cÖKvi‡f`:
1g ai‡bi †jL (mij‡iLv) 2q ai‡bi †jL (eµ‡iLv)
01. H2, He Gi MÖvd| 01. CO2, O2, N2, CH4 Gi MÖvd|
02. Pvc e„w×i mv‡_ µgvMZ ev‡o| 02. Pvc e„w× Ki‡j cÖ_‡g n«vm cvq Ges cieZ©x‡Z e„w× cvq|
03. †clbgvÎv Ab¨vb¨ M¨v‡mi †P‡q Kg| 03. †clbgvÎv †ewk nq|
04. MÖv‡di cÖK…wZ mij‡iLv| 04. MÖv‡di cÖK…wZ eµ‡iLv|
 ZvcgvÎvi cÖfve : (i) H2, He cÖf…wZ M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î ZvcgvÎv Kgv‡Z _vK‡j Zv‡ì †jL cwiewZ©Z n‡Z _v‡K Ges †jLwU Ae‡k‡l wØZxq ai‡bi †j‡Li gZ nq|
(ii) Avevi h‡_ó D”P ZvcgvÎvq O2, N2, CO2 cÖf…wZ M¨v‡mi wØZxq ai‡bi †jL cÖ_g ai‡bi †j‡Li Abyiƒc nq|
 wm×všÍ : (i) Av`k© AvPiY †_‡K ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi wePz¨wZi KviY M¨v‡mi cÖK…wZi Dci bq eis ZvcgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
(ii) mvaviYZ M¨v‡mi Dci cÖhy³ Pvc hZ †ewk nq M¨v‡mi Av`k© AvPiY †_‡K ZZ †ewk wePz¨wZ N‡U|
100C ZvcgvÎvq I 5atm Pv‡c †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi m‡ev©”P wePz¨wZ N‡U|
‡R‡b ivLv DwPZt ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi AvYweK fi wePz¨wZi mgvbycvwZK| A_v©r AvYweK fi hZ ev‡o wePz¨wZ ZZ ev‡o|
(i) †h ZvcgvÎvq ev¯Íe M¨vm Av`k© AvPiY K‡i Zv‡K e‡q‡ji ZvcgvÎv e‡j|
(ii) †h M¨v‡mi Nbxfeb ZvcgvÎv ev Av`k© Zi‡ji ùzUbv¼ hZB STP †_‡K `~‡i _v‡K Gi wePz¨wZ gvÎv ZZB †ewk|
 Item-03: ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi ms‡KvPbkxjZv ¸Yv¼ ev †clY ¸Yv¼ I Av`k© AvPiY :
†clY ¸Yv¼ cÖK…Zc‡ÿ GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZb I Av`k© M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZ‡bi AbycvZ‡K cÖKvk K‡i|
ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZb
Z=
Av`k© M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZb
(i) GK †gvj Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ejvq Z = 1 nq| Z Gi gvb 1 †_‡K hZ †ewk ev Kg n‡e, ev¯Íe M¨vmwU Av`k© AvPiY †_‡K ZZB wePz¨Z n‡e|
(ii) hLb Z > 1 nq ZLb M¨vmwU Av`k© M¨vm A‡cÿv Kg †clY‡hvM¨ nq| †hgb- H2, He, N2|
(iii) hLb Z < 1 nq ZLb M¨vmwU Av`k© M¨vm A‡cÿv †ewk †clY‡hvM¨ nq| †hgb- CO2, O2|
(iv) k~b¨ Pv‡ci wbK‡U Z = 1 nq A_©vr AwZ wb¤œ Pv‡c me ev¯Íe M¨vm Av`k© AvPiY K‡i|
2 ASPECT SERIES 
ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi ev f¨vÛvi Iqvjm mgxKiY : P + V2  (V – nb) nRT
na

GLv‡b, a I b `yÕwU f¨vÛvi Iqvjm aªyeK; hvi a = AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y Ges b = AvqZb ms‡kvaK aªæeK|
 f¨vÛvi Iqvjm mgxKiY:
2
mgxKiY P + n a (Vnb) = nRT
 V2 
(i) Pa †K AYyi AvKl©YRwbZ AvšÍtUvb ev msmw³ Uvb (Cohesive Pressure) e‡j|
(ii) M¨v‡mi AvšÍtUvb (Pa) M¨v‡mi Nb‡Z¡i e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK nq, A_©vr Pa  d2|
(iii) M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ (d) GKK AvqZ‡b M¨v‡mi MÖvg-AYy msL¨vi  n  Gi mgvbycvwZK nq A_©vr d  n |
Pvc ms‡kvab factor, Pa V V
2
 2
Pa     Pa =
n a n
(iv) ; a GKwU aªæeK, GwU Øviv AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y ej eySvq|
V V2
(v) M¨v‡mi AvYweK fi †ewk n‡j ‘a’ Gi gvb †ewk nq d‡j H M¨v‡mi ZijxKiY Aí Pv‡c N‡U|
M¨v‡mi AvqZb ms‡kvab b Gi gvb AYyi e¨vmv‡a©i Dci wbf©i K‡i, b = 4N  4 r3|
A
factor, b 3
†R‡b ivLv fvjt a Gi GKK = atm.dm6mol-2 ev atm.L2mol-2, b Gi GKK = L mol-1

 32 g Aw·‡R‡bi Rb¨ f¨vÛvi Iqvjm mgxKiYwU wjL| [DU.2016-17, Xv. †ev. 2004]
n2a
n †gvj M¨v‡mi Rb¨ f¨vÛvi Iqvjm mgxKiYwU nj, P + 2  (V – nb) = nRT
 V
M¨v‡mi fi w
Avgiv Rvwb M¨v‡mi †gvj msL¨v n = AvYweK fi M
Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î, fi w = 32 g ; AvYweK fi, M = 32 g
32
 †gvj msL¨v, n = = 1
32
 32 g Aw·‡R‡bi Rb¨ f¨vÛvi Iqvjm mgxKiYwU n‡e, P + 2 (V – b) = RT
a
 V
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-1 : 32 g Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi Rb¨ f¨vbWvi Iqvjm-Gi mgxKiYwU wjL| D³ mgxKiY a I b Gi A_© wjL|
a = AvšÍtAvbweK AvKl©Y
DËi : 32 g Aw·‡Rb = 1 mol Aw·‡Rb  n = 1; P + v2 (v – b) = RT, †hLv‡b a I b aªæeK| b = AvqZb ms‡kvaK
a
cÖkœ-2 : Av`k© AvPiY †_‡K ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi wePz¨wZi KviY ¸‡jv wjL| DËi: D”P Pv‡c I wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq Av`k© AvPiY †_‡K ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi wePz¨wZ N‡U|
cÖkœ-3 : Av`k© M¨vm Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: †h mKj M¨vm mKj ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c M¨v‡mi m~Îmg~n †g‡b P‡j †m mKj M¨vm‡K Av`k© M¨vm e‡j|
cÖkœ-4 : ev¯Íe M¨vm Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: †hme M¨vm mKj ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c Av`k© M¨v‡mi m~Îmg~n †g‡b P‡j bv Ges hv‡ì Af¨šÍixY kw³ AvqZ‡bi Dci
wbf©ikxj Zv‡ì‡K ev¯Íe M¨vm e‡j|
cÖkœ-5 : M¨v‡mi AvYweK f‡ii mv‡_ wePz¨wZi m¤úK© wK? DËi: AvYweK fi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ wePz¨wZi cwigvY ev‡o|
cÖkœ-6 : f¨vÛvi Iqvjm aªæeK a Ges b Gi GKK wjL| DËi: (CU 2 No. MCQ `ªóe¨); Concept-4

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION Av`k© M¨vm:
(i) D”P ZvcgvÎv I wb¤œ Pvc
DU (ii) PV= nRT
01. Kx Ae¯vq ev¯Íe M¨vm Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY AbymiY K‡i? (iii) AYymg~‡n AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y ej _v‡K bv
[DU-Ka.2016-17; CU.2010-2011,2008-09;RU.2012-13; SUST. 2012-13;
DU: 2007-08, MAT: 2006–07, h. †ev. 2016] (iv) Gme M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ M¨v‡mi AvqZ‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj bq|
A. Low temperature and high pressure u
A_©vr ( )T = O
B. High temperature and low pressure v
C. Absolute zero temperature D. High pressure 02. Av`k© M¨vm AvPiY ‡_‡K wePz¨wZi µg ‡KvbwU? [DU-Ka. 2015-16]
mwVK DËi: B. High temperature and low pressure A. H2 < N2 < CO2 < NH3 B. H2 < N2 < NH3 < CO2
e¨vL¨v: ev¯Íe M¨vm : C. CO2 > NH3 > H2 > N2 D. N2 > H2 > CO2 > NH3
n2a mwVK DËi: A. H2 < N2 < CO2 < NH3
(i) wb¤œZvcgvÎv I D”P Pvc (ii) (P+ 2 ) (V-nb)= nRT e¨vL¨v: Av`k© M¨vm AvPiY †_‡K wePz¨wZi µg:  H2 < N2 < CO2 < NH3|
v
(iii) AYymg~‡ni g‡a¨ AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y ej _v‡K| GLv‡b, CO2 Gi †P‡q NH3Gi AvšÍ:AvYweK AvKl©Y kw³ †ewk| AvšÍ:AvYweK
(iv) Gme M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ M¨v‡mi AvqZ‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i| AvKl©Y kw³ †ewk n‡j Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvPiY †_‡K wePz¨wZ †ewk n‡e|
03. g¨v·I‡q‡ji AYyi MwZi weZi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK bq? ASPECT SERIES 
05. f¨vÛvi Iqvjm& mgxKi‡Yi ï× iƒc †KvbwU?
[DU-Ka. 2014-15] [RU. 07-08, Kz./wm.‡ev. 15, iv.‡ev. 16, w`.‡ev. 17]
A. Most probable speed is the speed of all of the molecules A.  P  n 2a  (V  nb )  nRT B.  P  na 2  (V  nb)  nRT
B. Most probable speed decreases as temperature increases  V 2   V 2 
 
C. Larger numbers of molecules move at a greater speed at high
temperature C.  P  n 2a  (V  nb )  nRT D.  P  a  (V  nb)  nRT
 2 
 V2 
D. Distribution curve tells the number of molecules moving at a  V 
certain speed  2

mwVK DËi: B. Most probable speed decreases as temperature increases mwVK DËi: C.  P  n 2a  (V  nb )  nRT
 V 
e¨vL¨v: If temperature increases, then Kinetic energy increase and then
speed is propotional to Kinetic energy.
CU
04. wb‡gœi †Kvb M¨vmwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ag© †_‡K me‡P‡q †ewk wePz¨Z? 01. me©cÖ_g †Kvb weÁvbx AYymg~‡ni g‡a¨ `ye©j AvšÍtAvYweK e‡ji Aw¯ÍZ¡
[DU. 2010-2011; BU. 2015-16] Abyaveb K‡ib? [CU-G. 2016-17]
A. HCl B. He C. CH4 D. N2 A. Wvëb B. wbDUb C. g¨v·I‡qj
mwVK DËi: A. HCl D. †g‡Ûwjd E. f¨vÛvi Iqvjm
e¨vL¨v: Av`k© M¨v‡mi wePy¨wZi KwZcq Kvi‡Yi GKwU n‡”Q AvYweK fi| wbw®…q M¨vm
mwVK DËi: E. f¨vÛvi Iqvjm
e¨ZxZ AvYweK fi hZ †ewk n‡e Av`k© M¨vm †_‡K wePz¨wZ ZZ †ewk n‡e|
02. f¨vÛvi Iqvjm aªæeK ‘a’ Gi GKK ---------| [CU. 2015-16; RU-
HCl Gi AvYweK fi = 1+ 35.5=36.5
C3.2017-18]
CH4 Gi AvYweK fi = 12+4=16 A. atm2.mol–1 B. atm.mol–1
N2 Gi AvYweK fi = 28 C. L.mol –2
D. atm.L2.mol–2 E. atm.L–2.mol–2
myZivs HCl Gi wePz¨wZ †ewk n‡e| 2
mwVK DËi: D. atm.L .mol –2
2
e¨vL¨v: n 2a  P  a  PV2  a  atm  2L
2
JU 2
01. CNG †÷k‡b eëüZ cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡m wg‡_‡bi cwigvb KZ? V n mol
[JU-A, Set-D. 2019-20]  a = atm.L2mol–2
A. 79% B. 88% C. 90% D. 96%
03. f¨vÛvi Iqvjm mgxKiY e¨vL¨v K‡i- [CU. 2012-13]
mwVK DËi: D. 96%
A. M¨v‡mi Pvc-ZvcgvÎvi m¤cK©
e¨vL¨v: CNG †Z 95-99% CH4 _v‡K| [Ref. nvRvix]
B. M¨v‡mi AvqZb-ZvcgvÎvi m¤cK©
02. wbgœwjwLZ †Kvb k‡Z© M¨vm cvwb‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk `ªexf~Z nq? [JU. 2009-10]
C. M¨v‡mi AvqZb, ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡ci m¤cK©
A. D”P Zvc Ges D”P Pvc B. D”P Pvc Ges wbgœ Zvc
D. Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ wgj
C. wbgœ Pvc Ges D”P Zvc D. wbgœ Zvc Ges wbgœ Pvc
mwVK DËi: B. D”P Pvc Ges wbgœ Zvc E. M¨v‡mi Av`k© AvPi‡Yi wePz¨wZ
e¨vL¨v: M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv hZ Kg nq, Pvc hZ ‡ekx nq M¨vm ZZ Zi‡j cwiYZ nq| mwVK DËi: E. M¨v‡mi Av`k© AvPi‡Yi wePz¨wZ
03. wbgœwjwLZ †Kvb k‡Z© M¨vm cvwb‡Z me‡P‡q Kg `ªexf~Z nq| [JU. 2009-10] 04. f¨vbWvi Iqvjm mgxKi‡Yi aªæeK 'a' g~jZ wK wb‡`©k K‡i?
A. D”P Zvc Ges D”P Pvc B. D”P Pvc Ges wbgœ Zvc [CU. 2011-12,2008-09; MBSTU-B.2016-17, iv. †ev. 2016]
C. wbgœ Pvc Ges D”P Zvc D. wbgœ Zvc Ges wbgœ Pvc A . AvšÍ t AvYweK weKl© Y B. AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y
mwVK DËi: C. wbgœ Pvc Ges D”P Zvc C . M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ D. M¨v‡mi AvqZb
e¨vL¨v: Dc‡ii cÖ‡kœi D‡ëv wPšÍv K‡i †`L ‡Zv mgvavb cvI wKbv! E. M¨v‡mi Pvc
mwVK DËi: B. AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y|
RU e¨vL¨v: a = aªæeK hv AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y ej wb‡`©k K‡i|
01. ev¯Íe M¨vmmg~‡ni Av`k© M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPi‡Yi kZ©-
[RU-C3.2017-18; CU.2008-09; 2010-11] b = aªæeK hv Kvh©Ki wbR¯^ AvqZb wb‡`©k K‡i|
A. cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I cÖgvY Pvc B. D”P ZvcgvÎv I D”P Pvc V = M¨vm AYyi AvqZb, R = ‡gvjviM¨vm aªæeK
C. D”P ZvcgvÎv I wb¤œ Pvc D. wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv I D”P Zvc T = cig ZvcgvÎv, n = †gvj msL¨v
mwVK DËi: C. D”P ZvcgvÎv I wb¤œ Pvc 05. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Av`k© M¨vm? [CU. 2008-09, 2012-13]
e¨vL¨v: D”P ZvcgvÎv I wb¤œ Pv‡c ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi AvqZb A‡bK †ewk nq e‡j A. Aw·‡Rb B. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb C. wnwjqvg
ev¯Íe M¨vm Av`k© M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPiY K‡i| D.Kve©b g‡bv·vBW E.‡KvbwUB bq
02. c`v‡_©i M¨vmxq Ae¯vq abvZœK Avqb I B‡j±«‡bi cvkvcvwk _vKvi
mwVK DËi: E. ‡KvbwUB bq
Ae¯v‡K e‡j- [RU. 2012-2013]
A. ùzUbv¼ B. ùwUK C. cøvRgv D. Mjbv¼ e¨vL¨v: ev¯Í‡e †Kvb Av`k© M¨vm †bB| GwU GKwU Kíbv gvÎ|
mwVK DËi: C. cøvRgv KU
03. Av`k© M¨vm mKj ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †Kvb mgxKiY †g‡b P‡j? [RU. 2012-13]
A. Vnb =nRT B. PV = nRT C. U/V = 0 D. V/T = 0 01. M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi MwZi Dci- [KU.2009-2010]
mwVK DËi: B. PV = nRT A. AwfKl© kw³i †Kvb cÖ fve †bB B. AwfKl© kw³i mvgvb¨ cÖfve Av‡Q
04. ev¯Íe M¨vm KLb Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvPiY cÖ`k©b K‡i? [RU.2007-2008] C. ga¨vKl© Y kw³i †Kvb cÖ fve †bB D. ga¨vKl© Y kw³i mvgvb¨ cÖfve Av‡Q
A. P1atm I D”P ZvcgvÎv B. P1atm I D”P ZvcgvÎv mwVK DËi: A. AwfKl© kw³i †Kvb cÖfve †bB
C. P=1atm I wbgœ ZvcgvÎv D.P=1atm I D”P ZvcgvÎv e¨vL¨v: M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi MwZi Dci AwfKl© kw³i †Kvb cÖfve bvB| GwU
mwVK DËi: A. P1atm I D”P ZvcgvÎv M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i ¯^xKv‡h© ejv n‡q‡Q|
02. ev¯Íe M¨vm Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY PV =nRT †g‡b P‡j bv| Gi KviY BSMRSTU
wb‡gœi †KvbwU? [KU.2006-2007] 01. M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ Abymv‡i 273C ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ n‡eÑ
A. M¨vm AYyi AvqZb AwZ bMY¨ [BSMRSTU-C. 2019-20]
B. M¨v‡mi AYyi wbR¯^ AvqZb Av‡Q A. me©vwaK B. k~b¨ C. gvSvgvwS D. †KvbwUB bq
C. M¨v‡mi AYyi MwZ‡eM Lye †ewk mwVK DËi: B. k~ b ¨
D. M¨v‡mi AYyi wbR¯^ AvqZb I wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ AvKl©Y ej we`¨gvb| 3 3 T =  273C =0K
e¨vL¨v: Ek = 2 nRT = 2 nR.0
mwVK DËi: D. M¨v‡mi AYyi wbR¯^ AvqZb I wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ AvKl©Y ej we`¨gvb|
Ek = 0
e¨vL¨v: ev¯Íe M¨vm Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY PV = nRT †g‡b P‡j bv| Gi KviY-
i) M¨v‡mi AYyi wbR¯^ AvqZb Av‡Q. hv bMY¨ bq| ii) M¨v‡mi AYyi wb‡Ri STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
g‡a¨ AvKl©Y ej we`¨gvb| BUET
IU 01. bx‡Pi †Kvb †h․MwU GKwU Zij ùwUK? [BUET: 11-12, RU. 09-10]
01. Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î kZ© n‡”Q- [IU-D.2019-20] A. 4- †c›UvBj evBwdbvBj- 4- Kv‡e©vbvBUªvBj B. ‡mvwWqvg ÷¨v‡bU
C. WvB wdbvBj B_vi D. wdbvBj †ebR‡qU
A.   = 0 B.   = 0 D. 
dP dV dE 
C. dE = 0 =0
 
dV T  dt P  T
dV mwVK DËi: A. 4-†c›UvBjevBwdbvBj- 4- Kv‡e©vbvBUªvBj
mwVK DËi: D.   = 0
dE
KUET
dVT
01. ‡Kvb AvYweK ¸YwU Av`k© M¨vm †_‡K h‡_ó wePz¨wZ NUvq?
e¨vL¨v: Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î, w¯i ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ (dE) Gi [KUET.2013-2014,BUET:2005-2006]
AvqZ‡bi (dV) Dci wbf©ikxj bq| A_©v  dE  = 0 A. D”P AvYweK MwZ B. ÿz`ªZi AvYweK IRb
dVT C. e„nr AvYweK AvqZb D. `ye©j AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y
02. AwZ D”P Pvc ev wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi mgxKiY- [IU.2003-2004] mwVK DËi: C. e„nr AvYweK AvqZb
1 e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb, M¨vm gv‡bB KYvmg~‡ni AwZ `ªæZ QzUvQzwU, wKš‧ M¨v‡mi AvYweK
A. PV = mnC2 B. PV = nRT
3 1 1
2
fi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î Abymv‡i r ev, r
C. P = 1/3DC2 D. (P  n a )(V  nb)  nRT d M
V 2
fi (AvYweK) evo‡j Zvi e¨vc‡bi nvi Z_v MwZ Kg‡Z _v‡K| GRb¨B
mwVK DËi: B. PV = nRT AvYweK fi evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi Av`k© AvPiY n‡Z µgvš^‡q wePz¨Z n‡Z
CVASU _v‡K|
01. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ag© †_‡K ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi wePz¨wZi KviY?
[CVASU:2018-19] STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
A. ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi IRb RwbZ ÎæwU B. ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi fi RwbZ ÎæwU MAT
C. ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi AvqZb RwbZ ÎæwU D. ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi Dcv`vb RwbZ ÎæwU 01. wbw`©ó IR‡bi GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ÿgZv wbf©i K‡i Zvi †Kvb •ewk‡óï
mwVK DËi: C. ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi AvqZb RwbZ ÎæwU Dci? [MAT.2018-19;14-15]
e¨vL¨v: ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi wePz¨wZi KviY `ywU n‡jv- A. AvqZb B. ZvcgvÎv C. NbZ¡ D. Pvc
1) Pvc RwbZ ÎæwU 2) AvqZb RwbZ ÎæwU mwVK DËi: B. ZvcgvÎv
3 3
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION e¨vL¨v: Av`k© M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ ev ÿgZv = 2 RT; GLv‡b, 2 R = aªæeK|
SUST  wbw`©ó IR‡bi Av`k© M¨v‡mi ÿgZv cig ZvcgvÎv (T) Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
01. †Kvb Ae¯vq AYymg~‡ni AveZ©b MwZ me‡P‡q †ewk? [SUST. 2014-15] 02. ev¯Íe M¨vm e‡q‡ji m~Î †g‡b P‡j [MAT. 2015-16]
A. KwVb B. Zij (mvaviY) C. AwZ kxZj Zij D. dzUšÍ Zij E. M¨vmxq A. wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq B. 0C ZvcgvÎvq C. Kÿ ZvcgvÎvq D. Lye D”P ZvcgvÎvq
mwVK DËi: E. M¨vmxq mwVK DËi: D. Lye D”P ZvcgvÎvq
e¨vL¨v: M¨vmxq Ae¯vq AYymg~‡ni K¤úb, AveZ©b I ¯vbvšÍi MwZ A‡bK †ewk e¨vL¨v: wb¤œPv‡c †hgb- 1atm Pvc ev Zvi wb‡P Ges D”P ZvcgvÎvq ev¯Íe M¨vm
_v‡K| mg~n †gvUvgywU Av`k© M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPiY K‡i|
02. cøvRgv Ae¯v c`v‡_©i †Kvb ai‡bi Ae¯v- [SUST:2007-2008] 03. Zij ùwUK m¤ú‡K© wb‡gœi †KvbwU mwVK bq? [MAT: 2009-10]
A. KwVb Ae¯v B. Av‡qvwWb Ae¯v C. Zij Ae¯v D.M¨vmxq Ae¯v A. •Re †h․M B. AvYweK MV‡bi `yB cÖv‡šÍ †cvjvi MÖæc _v‡K
mwVK DËi: D. M¨vmxq Ae¯v C. Av‡jvK ag© cÖ`k©b K‡i D. ZvcgvÎv ms‡e`K wnmv‡e KvR K‡i
mwVK DËi: B. AvYweK MV‡bi `yB cÖv‡šÍ †cvjvi MÖæc _v‡K
HSTU
e¨vL¨v: AvYweK MV‡bi GK cÖv‡šÍ †cvjvi MÖæc _v‡K
01. Pvc e„w×i d‡j M¨vm AYy mg~‡ni Mogy³ †eM- [HSTU-B.2017-18]
04. Av`k© I ev¯Íe M¨vm msµvšÍ wb‡gœi †Kvb Z_¨wU fyj? [MAT: 2008-09]
A. n«vmcvq B. e„w×cvq C. AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K D. k~b¨ nq
A. N2, O2- Av`k© M¨vm B. H2, CO2- ev¯Íe M¨vm
mwVK DËi: B. e„w×cvq
C. PV = nRT mgxKiYwU Av`k© M¨vm cy‡ivcywi AbymiY K‡i|
e¨vL¨v: Pvc e„w×i d‡j M¨vm AYymg~‡ni Mo gy³‡eM e„w× cvq| Mo gy³‡eM ev D. PV = nRT mgxKiYwU ev¯Íe M¨vm cy‡ivcywi AbymiY K‡i bv|
mwVK DËi: A. N2, O2- Av`k© M¨vm
Mo MwZ‡eM C  8RT

8PV
 PV =RT
[∵PV 
RT]
M M e¨vL¨v: ev¯Í‡e †Kvb Av`k© M¨vm †bB| myZivs cÖ‡kœi DË‡i Av`k© M¨vm D‡jøL
 Pvce„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Mo MwZ‡eM e„w×cvq| _vK‡j Zv †evKv evbv‡bvi AccÖqvm Qvov Avi wKQyB bq|
05. M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ Abyhvqx Ab¨Zg ¯^xKvh© n‡jv AYy¸wji g‡a¨ msNl©¸wj- ASPECT SERIES 
DAT
[MAT: 2000-01] 01. `ywU M¨v‡mi Mo MwZkw³ KLb mgvb nq, hw`- [DAT. 2016-17]
A. AvswkK w¯wZ¯vcK B. m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK
A. Pvc mgvb nq B. AvYweK fi mgvb nq
C. M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ n‡Z Pvj©‡mi m~Î cvIqv hvq bv D. m¤ú~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK
C. ZvcgvÎv mgvb nq D. AvqZb mgvb nq
mwVK DËi: D. m¤ú~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK mwVK DËi: C. ZvcgvÎv mgvb nq
e¨vL¨v: i. AYy I M¨vmvav‡ii ‡Ìqv‡ji g‡a¨ †Kvb AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y ej †bB|
3 3
ii. ‡h †Kvb `ywU AYyi msN‡l©i gaëZ©x c_ mij‣iwLK| e¨vL¨v: Ek = PV = nRT Ek  T
iii. msNl©mg~n w¯wZ¯vcK| 2 2
 CONCEPT 05 e¨vcb, Abye¨vcb Ges M¨vm ZijxKiY
 Item -01t e¨vcb I Abye¨vc‡bi Zzjbvg~jK imvqb:
‣ewkó¨ e¨vcb wbtmiY
 D”P Nb‡Z¡i ¯vb †_‡K wb¤œ Nb‡Z¡i ¯v‡b †Kvb KwVb, Zij ev M¨vmxq  evwn¨K D”P Pv‡ci cÖfv‡e cv‡Îi miæ wQ`ªc‡_ †Kvb M¨v‡mi
msÁvt
c`v‡_©i ¯^Ztù~Z© I mgfv‡e cwie¨vß nIqvi cÖwµqv‡K e¨vcb e‡j| m‡Rv‡i GKgyLx †ei nIqv‡K wbtmiY e‡j|
 dz‡ji myMÜ I H2S M¨v‡mi `yM©Ü evZv‡m e¨vcb cÖwµqvq Qwo‡q c‡o|  Mvoxi PvKvi wUD‡ei wQ`ª c‡_i wbtmiY cÖwµqvq evZvm †ei
D`vniYt
n‡q c‡o|
wfwË ev KviYt  c`v‡_©i KYv ev AYymg~‡ni ¯^Ztù~Z© PjvP‡ji Kvi‡Y e¨vcb cÖwµqv N‡U|  M¨vm cv‡Îi I evB‡i Pv‡ci cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y wbtmiY cÖwµqv N‡U|
cÖwµqvi cÖK…wZt  e¨vcb nj mvaviYZ mgevqyPv‡c AYymg~‡ni ¯^Ztù~Z© gši cÖwµqv  wbtmiY nj AwaK Pv‡ci cÖfv‡e M¨vmxq `ªæZ cÖwµqv
 e¨vc‡bi †ejvq M¨vm cv‡Îi †fZi I evB‡i GKB evqy Pvc _v‡K|  wbtmi‡Yi †ejvq M¨vm cv‡Îi †fZi AwaK Pvc I evB‡i Kg
evqy Pvct
Pvc ev f¨vKzqvg Ae¯v _v‡K|
 e¨vcb I AYye¨vc‡bi K‡qKwU we‡kølYx `„óvšÍ:
m~Î Abymv‡i ,AvYweK fi e¨vcb ev AYye¨vcb nv‡ii e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK A_©vr AvYweK fi hZ evo‡e e¨vcb ev AYye¨vcb nvi ZZ Kg‡e| AvYweK fi mgvb n‡j
 1 
e¨vcb nvi mgvb n‡e|  r  
 M
bgybv cÖkœ-01: CO2, SO2, N2, O2- Gi g‡a¨ Kvi e¨vcb nvi me©wb¤œ?
e¨vL¨v: CO2, SO2, N2, O2- Gi AvYweK fi h_vµ‡g 44, 62, 28, 32 A_©vr mvjdvi WvB A·vB‡Wi AvYweK fi m‡e©v”P e‡j Gi e¨vcb nvi me©wb¤œ|
bgybv cÖkœ-02: CO2, SO2, N2O, O2- Gi g‡a¨ Kv‡ì e¨vcb nvi mgvb?
e¨vL¨v: CO2, SO2, N2O, O2- Gi AvYweK fi h_vµ‡g 44, 62, 44, 32 A_©vr CO2 I N2O Gi AvYweK fi mgvb e‡j e¨vcb nvi mgvb|
 e¨vcb I Abye¨vc‡bi MvwYwZK mgxKiY GKB

 e¨vcb I wbtmi‡Yi †g․wjK ‡Kvb cv_©K¨ bvB
†R‡b ivLv fvj :  cix¶vMv‡i e¨vcb nv‡ii Zzjbvq wbtmiY nvi wbY©q AwaK myweavRbK
 AvYweK fi wbY©‡q e¨vcb A‡c¶v AYye¨vcb cÖYvjxi cÖ‡qvM†ewk I e¨vcKZi
 e¨vc‡bi m~‡Îi D”PZi eënvwiK cÖ‡qvMt

(i) e¨vcb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g M¨vm-wgkÖY †_‡K †Kv‡bv GKwU M¨vm c„_K Kiv‡K GU‡gvwjwmm ejv nq|
(ii) Kqjv Lwb‡Z wg‡_b M¨v‡mi Dcw¯wZ wbY©‡q eëüZ mZK©ZvÁvcK h‡š¿ CH4 M¨v‡mi e¨vcb ag© cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq|
235 238
(iii) 235U Øviv cvigvYweK †evgv •Zwi Kiv nq hv wn‡ivwkgvi Dci wbwÿß nq| cÖK…wZ‡Z BD‡iwbqv‡gi AvB‡mv‡Uvc 92 U 0.7% Ges 92 U 99.3% wgwkÖZ
235 235 238
Ae¯vq _v‡K| Z‡e cvigvYweK Pzjøx‡Z R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e 92 U Gi
eënvi ‡`Lv hvq| UF6 Gi e¨vc‡bi nvi UF6 Gi †P‡q 1.004288 ¸Y †ewk|
 Item- 02t ZvcgvÎv n«vm I Pvc e„w× K‡i M¨vm ZijxKiY Kiv nq| M¨vm Zijx KiY c×wZt 5wU cÖPwjZ c×wZ i‡q‡Q| h_v-
wngwgkÖY cÖ‡qvM,  Ryj _gmb cÖfve,  wj‡Û c×wZ,  K¬W c×wZ  DØvqx Zij‡K ev®úxKiY
 Ryj _gmb cÖfv‡ei Kvh© c×wZ:
(i) M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv (ii) nVvr e„nr  Gfv‡e K‡qKevi GB c×wZ

n«vm Kiv AvqZ‡b m¤úªmviY Aej¤^b Ki‡j M¨vm mwÜ
ZvcgvÎvq †cu․‡Q Zi‡j cwiYZ
cybivq nq|
 ZijxKi‡Yi Dcvqt 1| M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv n«vm K‡i| 2| M¨v‡mi Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i|
 Zij M¨v‡mi eënvi : (i) wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Zij M¨vm e¨vcKfv‡e eëüZ nq| †hgb: Zij nvB‡Wªv‡Rb, Zij wnwjqvg BZ¨vw`|
(ii) wngKviK wn‡m‡e Zij A¨v‡gvwbqv, SO2 I CO2 eëüZ nq|
 wngwgkª‡Yi ZvcgvÎvt
wngwgkÖY c×wZ‡Z †h M¨vm ¸‡jv‡K Zijxf~Z Kiv hvq : SO2, H2S, NH3, C2H4, PH3
 Item -03t M¨vm wmwjÛviRvZKi‡Y M¨vmm~‡Îi cÖ‡qvM :
ZË¡ CNG LPG LNG
1. cwiPq I mshyw³ Compressd Natural Gas. G‡Z 95- Liquefied Petroleum Gas. GwU Liquefied Natural Gas.
99% wg‡_b _v‡K| †cÖv‡cb (25%) I weD‡Ub (75%) wgkÖY|
2. Drcv`b kZ kZ eQi a‡i f~-M‡f© Dw™¢`-cÖvYxi µ¨vwKs Gi d‡j Drcbœ nq, GRb¨ G‡K cÖvK…wZK M¨vm‡K evqyPv‡c -160C kxZj
aŸsmve‡kl †_‡K M¨vm †ÿ‡Î mwÂZ nq| Clean Fuel ejv nq| K‡i Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv nq|
cv¤ú K‡i wb®‥vkb Kiv nq|
3. kw³ 38MJm-3 (10.6kWhm-3) 94 MJm-3 (26.1 kWhm-3) 38 MJm-3
4. cwi‡ek mnvqK Kg Green house M¨vm wegy³ K‡i| ‡ewk CO2 wegy³ K‡i| cwi‡ek evÜe R¦vjvbx wnmv‡e eëüZ nq|
5. ‣ewkó¨ evqyi †P‡q nvjKv nIqvq Qwo‡q hvq e‡j evqyi †P‡q fvwi nIqvq R‡g _v‡K ZvB cwi‡ek evÜe|
Av¸b aivi SuzwK Kg| Av¸b aivi SuzwK †ewk |
we‡kl Z_¨: LNG Gi R¦vjvbx ¸Y CNG A‡cÿv 2.4 ¸Y †ewk|
 LPG wmwjÛv‡i 85% Zij I 15% AvqZb M¨vm _v‡K|
 †R‡b ivLv fv‡jv:
(i) LNG, LPG MÜnxb ZvB wmwjÛv‡i fwZ©i mgq G‡ì mv‡_ mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y Zxeª MÜhy³ gviK¨vcUvb †h․M (CH3SH ev C2H5SH) †hvM Kiv nq|
(ii) evwYwR¨Kfv‡e evqyi ZijxKiY Ryj _gmb cÖfve cÖwµqvi Kiv nq|
(iii) 200C ZvcgvÎvq Ges cÖvq 200 atm Pv‡c evqy‡K Zijxf~Z Kiv nq|
 Item -04t CNG †÷k‡b M¨vm †÷v‡iR (cascade) G ivLvi 4wU av‡c Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i Rgv Kiv nq-
1g avc 5 - 7 atm 3q avc 28 - 82 atm
2q avc 7 - 28 atm 4_© avc 82 - 220 atm
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-1t M¨vm ZijxKi‡Yi c×wZ¸‡jv wjL Dt Concept-5; Item-2 cÖkœ-09t Ryj-_gmb cÖfve (Joule-Thomson effect) Kx? GB cÖfve eënvi
cÖkœ-2t LPG M¨vm wK? Dt 25% †cÖv‡cb +75% weD‡Ub K‡i wKfv‡e †Kv‡bv M¨vm‡K Zij (Liquification of gas) Kiv hvq?
[JnU. 2019-20]
cÖkœ-3t CNG M¨v‡mi ùzUbv¼ KZ? Dt1200C
Dt M¨vm‡K Zij Kivi Rb¨ mwÜ ZvcgvÎvq Avb‡Z nq, Zvi Rb¨ ZvcgvÎv n«vm
cÖkœ-4t Kg‡cÖmW b¨vPvivj M¨vm †KvbwU? Dt CNG (96-99%CH4) cvq| M¨vm‡K msKzwPZ Kivi ci nVvr e„nr AvqZ‡b m¤úªmviY Ki‡j
cÖkœ-5t weD‡Ub I †cÖv‡cb Gi Zij wgkªY‡K Kx e‡j? Dt LPG M¨vmwUi ZvcgvÎv n«vm cvq; G‡K Ryj _gmb cÖfve e‡j| Gi KviY n‡jv
cÖkœ-6t Zi‡j cwiYZ n‡j e„w× cvq †Kvb ZvcgvÎv? Dt mwÜ ZvcgvÎv msKzwPZ Ae¯vq M¨vm AYymg~n ci¯ú‡ii KvQvKvwQ _vKvq Zv‡ì g‡a¨
cÖkœ-7t‡Kvb c`v_©wU LPG M¨v‡mi mv‡_ fwZ© Kiv Dt H2, He AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y ej weivR K‡i| m¤úªmvi‡Yi mgq M¨vm AYymg~n
ci¯úi †_‡K `~‡i m‡i hvIqvi mgq AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y e‡ji wecix‡Z
nq? KvR Ki‡Z nq| G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ M¨vm wbR †`n †_‡K †kvlb
cÖkœ-8t M¨vm wmwjÛv‡i mvaviYZ †Kvb M¨vm fwZ© Dt LPG K‡i e‡j Ryj _gmb cÖfv‡e M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv n«vm cvq| G cÖwµqv evi evi
Kiv nq? Ki‡Z _vK‡j M¨vm mwÜ ZvcgvÎvq †c․Qv‡j ZLb M¨vm‡K msKzwPZ Kiv
n‡j M¨vm Zi‡j cwiYZ nq|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION
e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb, AvYweK fi mgvb n‡j e¨vcb nvi mgvb|
DU
01. Kve©b, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I Aw·‡R‡bi cvigvYweK IRb h_vµ‡g 12, 14 I 16| GLv‡b, M CO2 =12+32=44, MCO = 12+16=28
wb‡Pi M¨vm ‡Rvov¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi e¨vcb nvi mgvb| M NO = 14+32=46, M N 2O = 28+16=44
[DU.2007-2008; CU. 2016-17] 2
A. CO2 and NO2 B. CO2 and N2O GLv‡b Kve©bWvB A·vBW I bvBUªvm A·vB‡Wi AvYweK fi mgvb| Kv‡RB
C. CO2 and CO D. N2O and NO2
e¨vcb nvi mgvb|
mwVK DËi: B. CO2 and N2O
02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? [DU. 2001-2002] ASPECT SERIES 
e¨vL¨v: Ryj-_gmb cixÿvt weÁvbx Ryj I _gmb 1852-62 wLªóvã ch©šÍ wewfbœ
A. chv©q mviYxi mKj †g․j cÖK„wZ‡Z cvIqv hvq cixÿv-wbixÿv n‡Z jÿ¨ K‡ib †h, †Kvb M¨vm‡K D”PPv‡c m¼zwPZ K‡i
B. †j․n‡K M¨vmxq Ae¯vq iæcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq bv nVvr mw”Q`ª cøv‡Mi ga¨w`‡q cÖevwnZ K‡i wbgœPvc wewkó GKwU weivU eo
C. 120° ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi Zij Ae¯v Am¤¢e K‡ÿ m¤úªmvwiZ n‡Z w`‡j M¨vmwUi ZvcgvÎv n«vm cvq| G cÖwµqv‡K Ryj-
D. AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y ej Av‡Q e‡jB M¨v‡mi ZijxKiY m¤¢e _gmb cÖfve ejv nq|
mwVK DËi: D. 02. evwn¨K Pv‡ci cÖfv‡e †Kvb miæ wQ`ª w`‡q †Kvb M¨v‡mi m‡Rv‡i wbM©gb‡K
e¨vL¨v: AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y Av‡Q e‡jB Nbxfeb kw³ e„w× †c‡q GKwU b~¨bZg ejv nq- [CU. 2004-2005]
gvb jvf K‡i Ges wewÿß G‡jv‡g‡jv ¯vbvšÍi RwbZ MwZi d‡j KYv ¸‡jvi A. ev®úvqb B. e¨vcb C. wbtmiY D. Am‡gvwmm
†h Zvckw³ nq Zvi gvb K‡g GKwU wbw`©ó gv‡b †c․Qvq| ZLb KYv¸‡jv mwVK DËi: C. wbtmiY
GKxf~Z n‡q Zij Ae¯vi m„wó K‡i A_©vr AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y Av‡Q 03. NH3 M¨v‡mi f¨vbWvi Iqvjm aªæe‡Ki gvb H2 M¨v‡mi H gv‡bi †P‡q-
e‡jB M¨v‡mi ZijxKiY m¤¢e| [CU. 2003-2004]
A. †ewk B. mgvb C. Kg D. †KvbwU bq
JnU mwVK DËi: A. †ewk
01. GKwU M¨vm‡K msKzwPZ K‡i nVvr m¤cÖmviY Ki‡j Kx N‡U? [JnU.2011-12] e¨vL¨v: AvYweK fi †ewk n‡j f¨vÛvi Iqvj&m aªæe‡Ki gvb †ewk nq KviY
A. Pressure of gas is increased M¨v‡mi AvKl©Y †ewk nq| M NH3  14  3  17, MH 2  1 2  2
B.Temperature of gas is increased
C. Temperature of gas is decreased 04. Ryj-_gmb cÖfv‡ei g~j KviY- [CU. 2001-2002]
D. None A. M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv B. M¨v‡mi MwZ‡eM
mwVK DËi: C. Temperature of gas is decreased C. M¨vmvYymg~‡ni cvi¯úwiK AvKl©Y D. M¨v‡mi Pvc
e¨vL¨v: Item-2 Ryj-_gmb cÖfve mwVK DËi: C. M¨vmvYymg~‡ni cvi¯úwiK AvKl©Y
02. mvaviY Ae¯vq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm ZijxKi‡Yi ‡ÿ‡Î Ryj-_gmb cÖfve e¨vL¨v: M¨vm AYymg~‡ni g‡a¨ AvKl©Y Av‡Q e‡jB Ryj-_gmb cÖfve KvR K‡i|
cÖ‡hvR¨ bq KviY- [JnU.2010-2011] KU
A. GwU GKwU ¯vqx M¨vm B. Gi msKU ZvcgvÎv Lye †ewk 01. †KvbwU GjwcwR Gi cÖavb DcKiY? [KU. 2019-20]
C. Gi Drµg ZvcgvÎvi gvb Lye Kg D. Gi Drµg ZvcgvÎv GLbI wbY©xZ nq wb A. B‡_b I †cÖv‡cb B. weD‡Ub I †cÖv‡cb
mwVK DËi: C. Gi Drµg ZvcgvÎvi gvb Lye Kg C. wg‡_b I B‡_b D. wg‡_b I weD‡Ub
e¨vL¨v: H2 Gi Drµg ZvcgvÎv n‡jv -80‡m.| G ZvcgvÎvi Dc‡i †M‡j H2 mwVK DËi: B. weD‡Ub I †cÖv‡cb
Gi †ÿ‡Î Ryj _gmb m¤úªmvi‡Y M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv n«vm bv †c‡q eis †e‡o e¨vL¨v: LPG M¨vm weD‡Ub I †cÖv‡cb Gi wgkÖ‡Y •Zwi|
hvq| M¨v‡mi †h ZvcgvÎvi c‡i ZvcgvÎv n«v‡mi cwie‡Z© e„w× cvq Zv‡K Drµg
†R‡b ivLv fv‡jv : kxZKv‡j GB wgkÖ‡Y †cÖv‡c‡bi cwigvY Zzjbvg~jK †ewk
ZvcgvÎv e‡j| †Ìqv nq| MÖx®§Kv‡j GB wgkÖ‡Y weD‡U‡bi cwigvY Zzjbvg~jK †ewk †Ìqv nq|
†R‡b ivLv fvj t wnwjqvg M¨vm ZijxKiYI nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi g‡Zv KwVb| 02. ivbœvi Kv‡R wmwjÛv‡i †KvbwU eëüZ nq? [KU-A. 2018-19]
JU A . †c‡Uª v j B . †K‡ivwmb C. wg‡_b D . weD‡Ub
01. CNG wdwjs †÷k‡bi M¨vm Rgv‡bvi Cascade-G me©‡kl av‡c KZ atm mwVK DËi: D . weD‡Ub
Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq? [JU-D3.2017-18; BSMRSTU. 2019-20] e¨vL¨v: ivbœvi Rb¨ eëüZ M¨vm wmwjÛv‡i 25% †cÖv‡cb I 75% weD‡Ub _v‡K|
A. 28 – 82 B. 82 – 220 C. 220 – 320 D. 120 – 150 IU
mwVK DËi: B. 82 – 220 01. M¨vm‡K msKzwPZ Kivi ci nVvr e„nr AvqZ‡b m¤úªmviY Ki‡j M¨v‡mi
e¨vL¨v: CNG wdwjs †÷k‡bi M¨vm Rgv‡bvi Cascade G me©‡kl av‡c 82-220 ZvcgvÎv n«vm cvq, G‡K ejv nq- [IU. 2015-16]
atm Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| A. MÖxb nvDR M¨v‡mi cÖfve B. Ryj _gmb cÖfve
1g av‡c 5-7 atm, 2q av‡c 7-28 atm, 3q av‡c 28-82 atm Ges 4_© C. AYye¨vcb D. UvBdzb
av‡c ev me©‡kl av‡c 82-220 atm Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i cascade G M¨vm mwVK DËi: B. Ryj _gmb cÖfve
Rgv‡bv nq| 02. cÖvß¯v‡b †Kvb KwVb, Zij ev M¨vmxq e¯‧i ¯^Ztù~Z© I mgfv‡e cwie¨vß
02. GKB kZ©vax‡b †Kvb M¨vmwU e¨vwcZ n‡Z AwaK mgq jv‡M- nIqvi cÖwµqv‡K ejv nq- [IU. 2014-15; 2013-14]
[JU-A. 2016-17, h.‡ev. 2017]
A. wbtmiY B. e¨vcb C. AYye¨vcb D. AvMÖvmb
A. SO2 B. CO2 C. HCl D. NH3 mwVK DËi: B. e¨vcb
mwVK DËi: A. SO2
03. KZ ZvcgvÎvq evqy Zij nq? [IU. 2003-2004]
e¨vL¨v: MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î n‡Z Avgiv Rvwb †Kvb M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nvi Gi A. -184°C B. -269°C C. 271°C D.-196.8°C
AvbweK fi Gi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK| SO2 Gi AvYweK fi †ewk ZvB e¨vcb Kg| mwVK DËi: B. -269°C
CU
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
01. cÖej Pv‡c iwÿZ CO2 M¨vm‡K †Kvb avZe b‡ji AwZ miæ wQ`ªc‡_
wbtmiY Ki‡j mv`v ï®‥ ei‡di `vbv cÖvwß †Kvb& cÖfv‡ei d‡j N‡U? SUST
[CU. 2011-2012,2005-2006] 01. H2, O2, N2, CH4 Ges NH3 M¨v‡mi f¨vÛvi Iqvj&m aªæeK ‘a’ Gi gvb
A. f¨vÛvi Iqvjm ej cÖfve B. Ryj-_g&mb cÖfve h_vµ‡g 0.24, 1.36, 1.39, 2.25 Ges 4.17 atms L2 mol–2 n‡j †Kvb
C. wewµqvi †eM cÖfve D. jv-k¨v‡Zwjqvi cÖfve M¨vmwU‡K mn‡R ZijxKiY Kiv hv‡e? [SUST-B. 2019-20]
E. MÖvnv‡gi M¨vm-e¨vcb cÖfve A. CH 4 B. O 2 C. N 2 D. H 2 E. NH3
mwVK DËi: B. Ryj-_g&mb cÖfve mwVK DËi: E. NH 3
e¨vL¨v: †h M¨v‡mi ‘a’ Gi gvb hZ †ewk| †m M¨v‡mi ZijxKiY ZZ Kg Pv‡c STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
NUv‡bv m¤¢e| GLv‡b, NH3 Gi a Gi gvb me‡P‡q †ewk ZvB, NH3 ‡K MAT
mn‡R ZijxKiY Kiv hv‡e| 01. ZiwjZ cÖvK…wZK M¨vm wK‡m mg„×? [MAT. 2019-20]
02. Ryj-_gmb cÖfv‡ei Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK? A. Propane B. Methane C. Hexane D. Butane
[SUST-B.2017-18; BUET-2011-12, PSTU. 2017-18]
mwVK DËi: B. Methane
A. M¨v‡mi AvqZb msKzwPZ nq e¨vL¨v: cÖvK…wZK M¨vm †_‡K CO2, H2S I D”P AvYweK fiwewkó
B. M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq nvB‡WªvKve©bmg~n‡K AcmvwiZ K‡i g~jZ CH4 M¨vm‡K wb¤œZvcgvÎv
C. M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi g‡a¨ AvKl©Y e„w× cvq 160C G kxZj K‡i Pv‡c Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv nq| G‡K ZiwjZ
D. M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jv Af¨šÍixY kw³ n‡Z Zvc †kvlY K‡i cÖvK…wZK M¨vm ev LNG e‡j| Gi K¨vjwiwdwjK gvb 94000 kJm3|
mwVK DËi: D. M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jv Af¨šÍixY kw³ n‡Z Zvc †kvlY K‡i 02. wb‡Pi †Kvb M¨vmwU ivbœvi Rb¨ wmwjÛv‡i eëüZ nq? [DAT. 2019-20]
e¨vL¨v: M¨v‡mi AvqZb cÖmvwiZ nq, ZvcgvÎv n«vm cvq, M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jv cÖmvwiZ A. wg‡_b I weD‡Ub B. B‡_b I wg‡_b
C. wg‡_b I †cÖv‡cb D. weD‡Ub I †cÖv‡cb
nIqvi cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ M¨vmwUi Af¨šÍixY kw³ n‡Z †kvwlZ nq|
mwVK DËi: D. weD‡Ub I †cÖv‡cb
03. wb‡Pi †Kvb M¨vm hyM‡ji †ÿ‡Î GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c e¨vc‡bi nvi GKB e¨vL¨v: ivbœvi Pzwjø‡Z eëüZ M¨vm wmwjÛv‡ii L.P. M¨vm ev Zijxf~Z
nq? [SUST-B.2017-18; KU.2014-15] †c‡Uªvwjqvg M¨v‡m 25% †cÖv‡cb I 75% weD‡Ub _v‡K|
A. NO  CO B. N2O  CO2 03. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wbDwK¬qvi †÷k‡b R¡vjvwbiƒ‡c eëüZ nq?
C. H2  He D. CO2  CH2 = CH2 [MAT. 2014-15; JUST-C.2017-18]
mwVK DËi: B. N2O  CO2 A. 236U B. 235U C. 238U D. 237U
235
e¨vL¨v: AvYweK fi mgvb n‡j e¨vcb nvi mgvb nq| N2O I CO2 Df‡qi mwVK DËi: B. U
AvYweK fi 44| DAT
BSMRSTU 01 . cÖv K… wZK M¨vm‡K KZ ZvcgvÎvq kxZj Ki‡j LNG-†Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq?
[DAT- 2018-19]
01. CNG †÷k‡b eëüZ cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡m wg‡_‡bi cwigvY KZ?
A. +16C B. –160C C. –160R D. –150C
[BSMRSTU-A. 2019-20]
A. 79% B. 88% C. 90% D. 96% mwVK DËi: B. –160C
mwVK DËi: D. 96% e¨vL¨v: cÖvK…wZK M¨vm‡K mvavib evqyPv‡c -160oC ev 113K ZvcgvÎv ch©šÍ
kxZj Ki‡j GwUI Zi‡j cwiYZ nq| hv‡K Natural Gas ev LNG e‡j
e¨vL¨v: CNG †÷k‡b eëüZ cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡m wg‡_‡bi cwigvY- 95-99% 02. LPG wmwjÛv‡ii wj‡KR kbv‡³i Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU eëüZ nq? [DAT- 2018-19]
CNG M¨vm g~jZ MwVZ nq wg‡_b w`‡q GQvovI Zvi g‡a¨ wKQz cwigvY A. CH3OH B. CH5SH C. CHOH D. CH3SH
B‡_b, †cÖv‡cb Ges fvix nvB‡WªvKve©b _v‡K| ZvQvov wKQz cwigvY N2, O2, mwVK DËi: D. CH3SH
CO2, S BZ¨vw` †h․Mmg~n _v‡K| [Ref. nvRvix] e¨vL¨v: LPG wmwjÛv‡ii wj‡KR n‡”Q wKbv Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ Zxeª MÜhy³ fvix
02. wb‡Pi †Kvb M¨vmwUi e¨vcb nvi me©vwaK? [BSMRSTU-H. 2019-20] gviK¨vcUvb †h․M CH3SH(M¨vm) A_ev C2H5SH(Zij) †hvM Kiv nq|
A. CO B. NH3 03. wb‡Pi †Kvb M¨vmwUi e¨vcb ÿgZv †ewk?
C. CH4 D. N2 [DAT. 2017-18, HSTU- 17-18, h. †ev. 2016, wm. †ev. 2015]
mwVK DËi: C. CH4 A. †d¬ v wib B. Aw·‡Rb C. wbqb D. †K¬vwib
1 mwVK DËi: C. wbqb
e¨vL¨v: r  , e¨vcb nvi Gi mv‡_ AvYweK fi Gi e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK GLv‡b e¨vL¨v: ‡h M¨v‡mi AvYweK fi hZ †ewk Zvi e¨vcb nvi ZZ Kg|
M O2 - Gi AvYweK fi 32 F2 - Gi AvYweK fi 38
CH4 me‡P‡q `ªæZ e¨vwß n‡e KviY Gi AvYweK fi me‡P‡q Kg| Ne - Gi AvYweK fi 20 Cl2 - Gi AvYweK fi 71
 CONCEPT 06 eRªcv‡Zi mgq evqygÐ‡j msNwUZ wewµqv I gvwU‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·kb
 Type -01:
Item -01: cÖvK…wZK cÖwµqvq gvwU‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·kb cÖwµqv :
eRªcv‡Zi gva¨‡g bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·kb wewµqv :
eRªcvZ O2 2H2O+O2
N2 + O2 –––––––– 2NO ––––––– 2NO2 –––––––– 4HNO3
3000C 50-100C
Drcbœ HNO3 gvwUi ÿviKxq CaO, CaCO3 Gi mv‡_ `ªeYxq NO3– jeY wn‡m‡e gvwU‡Z wg‡k hvq|
CaO(s) + 2HNO3(aq) ––– Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
CaCO3 + 2HNO3(aq) ––––Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Item- 02: K…wÎg wd‡·kb:
c×wZ kZ© wewµqv
‡nevi c×wZ T = 550C, ‡j․nP~Y©
N2 + 3H2–––––––––––– 2NH3, H = – 92.3kJ/mol
P = 200atm, cÖfveK Fe 500C 200atm
K¨vjwmqvg Kvev©B‡Wi mv‡_ eÜb T = 1000C 1000C
CaC2 + N2 ––––– CaNCN + C
avZzi mv‡_ eÜb avZzt Mg, Al, Ca 3Mg + N2 – Mg3N2; 2Cl + N2 – 2ClN; 3Ca + N2 – Ca3N2
AvK© ev AmIqvì c×wZ T = 3000C ‣e`y¨wZK AvK© O2
N2+O2 ––––––– 2NO –– 2NO2;
1000C
4NO2+O2 + 2H2O–4HNO3
Item -03: ev‡qvjwRK¨vj bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·kb- ASPECT SERIES 
(i) gUi, wkg, †Qvjv cÖf…wZ wj¸wgbvm RvZxq Dw™¢` wkK‡oi ¸wU‡Z emevmKvix
wmgev‡qvwUK RxevYy evqyi N2 †kvlY K‡i|
(ii) Gme e¨vK‡Uwiqv †_‡K wbtm„Z gwje‡Wbvg avZz N2 †K weRvwiZ K‡i NH3 M¨vm I
NH4+ Avq‡b cwiYZ nq|
 bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Pµ:
(iii) gvwUi Ab¨vb¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv NH4+ Avqb RvwiZ n‡q cÖ_‡g NO2– Avqb †k‡l
NO3– Avq‡b cwiYZ nq|
(iv) Dw™¢` NO3– Avqb †kvlY I weRvwiZ K‡i †cÖvwUb •Zwi K‡i|
bvB‡Uªv‡mvdvBs e¨vK‡Uwiqv bvB‡Uª‡gvbvm e¨vK‡Uwiqv (RviY)
‡cÖvwUb –––––––––––––––––NH3 ––––––––––––––––––
bvBwUªdvBs e¨vK‡Uwiqv CaO.CaCO3
HNO2 ––––––––––––––HNO3 –––––––––– Ca(NO3)2
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœ-1 : eRªcv‡Zi mgq evqygÛ‡j msNwUZ wewµqv wjL| bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·k‡b Gi f~wgKv Dc¯vcb Ki| [JnU. 2019-20]
DËi : eRªcv‡Z msNwVZ weµqv : eRªe„wói mgq we`y¨r ÿi‡Yi d‡i m„ó 3000°C ZvcgvÎvq evqy¯ N2 Ges O2 hy³ n‡q bvBwUªK A·vBW (NO) MwVZ nq|
GQvov D”PZvc `nb B‡jKwUªK cvIqvi cø¨v‡›U, hvbevnb BwÄ‡b, †cøb BwÄ‡b R¡vjvwb `n‡b I we`y¨r ÿi‡Y m„ó ZvcgvÎvq evqy‡Z NO M¨vm Drcbœ nq|
c‡i H NO M¨vm 50°C ZvcgvÎvq AwaK Aw·‡R‡bi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q A¤øag©x NO2 M¨vm Ges †k‡l e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqvq HNO3 GwmW MVb K‡i|
we`y¨r ÿiY 50°C
N2(g) + O2(g) ––––––– 2NO(g); 2NO(g) + O2(g) –––– 2NO2(g); 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O  4NHO3(aq)
3000°C
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·k‡b Gi f~wgKv : Drcbœ HNO3 e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ gvwU‡Z c‡o Ges gvwUi ÿviKxq c`v_© Pzb I CaCO3 Gi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i `ªeYxq
bvB‡UªU jeY Drcbœ K‡i Ges gvwU‡Z wg‡k hvq| GwU n‡jv cÖvK…wZK cÖwµqvq gvwU‡Z N-wd‡·kb|
CaO(s) + 2HNO3(aq)  Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O(l).
cÖkœ-2 : eRªcv‡Zi gva¨‡g bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·kb wewµqvwU wjL| DËi: Concept-6; Item-1
cÖkœ-3 : Dw™¢` g~‡ji mvnv‡h¨ wKfv‡e BDwiqv mvi MÖnY K‡i?
–
DËi : Dw™¢` g~‡ji mvnv‡h¨ BDwiqv mvi‡K bvB‡UªU jeY (NO3) Ges bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i|
cÖkœ-4 : BDwiqv mvi •Zwi‡Z cÖvK…wZK M¨vm †_‡K Kxfv‡e NH3 Synthesis Kiv nq|
DËi : (i) BDwi‡qR GbRvBg BDwiqv mvi‡K gvwU‡Z wgk‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| (ii) BDwiqv mvi •Zwi‡Z cÖvK…wZK M¨vm †_‡K NH3 Synthesis Kiv nq|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION e¨vL¨v: BDwiqv mvi •Zwii mgq cÖvK…wZK M¨vm n‡Z H2 Drcbœ nq Ges evqy‡K
–196C ZvcgvÎvq cvZb Ki‡j N2 c„_K nq| Drcbœ N2 I H2 M¨vm 1:3
DU
Abycv‡Z 200atm Pv‡c 550C ZvcgvÎvq †nevi c×wZ‡Z NH3 †Z cwiYZ nq|
01. Dw™¢` g~‡ji mvnv‡h¨ BDwiqv mvi Kx Ae¯vq †kvlY K‡i? [DU-Ka.2016-17]
1100C –196C
A. H2NCONH2 B. NH4OH C. NO3- salt D. NO2 salt CH4 (cÖvK…wZK M¨vm) –––––C + 2H2 , evqy ––––––––– N2;
5500C, 200atm
AvswkK cvZb
mwVK DËi: C. NO3- salt N2 + 3H2 2NH3, H = –92.2kJ/mol
e¨vL¨v: eRªcv‡Zi gva¨‡g bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·kb wewµqvt Fe cÖfveK
we`y¨r¶iY O2 2H2O+O2 JnU
N2+O2––––––2NO –––––– 2NO2 –––––––4HNO 3
50C
3000C 50-100C 01. 2NO + O2 ––––– X; X Kx n‡e? [JnU.2013-14]
Drcbœ HNO3 gvwUi ÿviKxq CaO, CaCO3 Gi mv‡_ `ªeYxq NO3– jeY A. HNO3 B. 2NO2 C. NO3 D. N2O5
wn‡m‡e gvwU‡Z wg‡k hvq|Dw™¢` g~‡ji mvnv‡h¨ BDwiqv mvi‡K bvB‡UªU jeY mwVK DËi: B. 2NO2
I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i| 02. O2 n‡Z O3 cvIqvi kZ© Kx? [JnU. 2011-12]
 mivmwi e¨vK‡Uwiqvi gva¨‡gÑ wewfbœ wmgev‡qvwUK e¨vK‡Uwiqvi (gUi, A . we`y ¨ r ÿiY B . Zvc C. Av‡jv D . Pvc
wmg, †Qvjv Dw™¢‡`) gva¨‡g bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·kb N‡U| mwVK DËi: A. we`y¨r ÿiY
02. BDwiqv mvi •Zwi‡Z cÖvK…wZK M¨vm †hfv‡e eëüZ nq [DU-Ka. 2014-15]
e¨vL¨v: WvBAw·‡Rb (O2) nj Aw·‡R‡bi ¯vqx I mvaviY iƒc Ges UªvB
Aw·‡Rb (O3) nj GKwU M¨vm ev Kg ¯vqx I cÖK…wZ‡Z Kg cvIqv hvq|
A. As a fuel B. For synthesis of NH3
3O2 (g) 2O3(g); H = 142 KJ/mol (O3 Gi)
C. NH 4 D. CH 3 Aw·‡Rb (O2) kw³‡kvlY K‡i I‡Rvb M¨v‡m cwiYZ nq| wKš‧ I‡Rvb
mwVK DËi: B. For synthesis of NH3 (O3) ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e we‡qvwRZ n‡q Aw·‡Rb Drcbœ K‡i|
JU IU
01. Dw™¢‡` N2 †kvwlZ nq †Kvb Ae¯vq? [JU-D: 2019-20] 01. eRªcv‡Zi mgq ZvcgvÎv Drcbœ nq- [IU-D. 2016-17]
+ A. cÖvq 3000°C B. cÖvq 2000°C C. cÖvq 1000°C D. cÖvq 5000°C
A. NO3– B. NO2– C. NH4 D. meKqwU
–
mwVK DËi: A. cÖvq 3000C
mwVK DËi: A. NO3
02. A¨v‡gvwbqv †_‡K bvBUªvBU ZrcieZ©x bvB‡Uª‡Ui iƒcvšÍi‡K ejv nqÑ STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
[JU-D. 2019-20] JUST
A. bvBwUªwd‡Kkb B. G‡gvwbwd‡Kkb C. Gwmwg‡jkb D. wWbvBwUªwd‡Kkb 01. Dw™¢` wKfv‡e mivmwi evqygÛjxq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb MÖnY K‡i _v‡K? [JUST. 11-12]
mwVK DËi: A. bvBwUªwd‡Kkb A. wmgev‡qvwUK e¨vK‡Uwiqvi gva¨‡g B. mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvq
03. N2 †_‡K bvB‡Uªv‡Rbvm KgcvD‡Û iƒcvšÍi nj- [JU-D, Set-A. 2019-20] C. cvZvi i‡Ü«i gva¨‡g D. e„wói gva¨‡g
A. N2 A¨vwmwg‡jkb B. N2 wd‡·kb C. wWbvBwUªwd‡Kkb D. bvBwUªwd‡Kkb mwVK DËi: A. wmgev‡qvwUK e¨vK‡Uwiqvi gva¨‡g
mwVK DËi: B. N2 wd‡·kb e¨vL¨v: wmgev‡qvwUK bv‡g GK ai‡bi AM©vwbRg wkg, gUi, †Qvjv I jZvcvZv
N2 + 3H2 RvZxq Dw™¢‡` emevm K‡i Ges Dw™¢` †_‡K kw³ MÖnY K‡i I Dw™¢‡ì wkK‡o
e¨vL¨v:  N2 wd‡·kb: 2NH3 wb‡R‡ì mshy³ K‡i| A¨vKwU‡bvgvB‡mU MÖæ‡ci e¨vK‡Uwiqv GKB KvR K‡i|
2NH4+
BSMRSTU
 bvBwUªwd‡Kkb- NH3  NO2  NO3
02. evK©j¨vÛ AvBW c×wZ‡Z bvBwUªK GwmW cvIqv hvq kZKiv-
 wWbvBwUªwd‡Kkb- NO3  NO2  NO  N2O  N2
[BSMRSTU-C.2017-18]
04. †KvbwU meyR Dw™¢‡ì Rb¨ N2 Gi cÖavb Drm? [JU-D, Set-Q. 2019-20] A. 99.8% B. 90.5% C. 95.6% D. 99.9%
A. evqy¯ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb B. bvB‡UªU C. G‡gvwbqvg jeY D. †KvbwUB bq mwVK DËi: A. 99.8%
mwVK DËi: A. evqy¯ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb e¨vL¨v: evK©j¨vÛ- AvBW c×wZ‡Z 30% HNO3 Drcbœ nq| c‡i G‡K Mvp
e¨vL¨v: evqy¯ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb gvwU‡Z wg‡k hv bvB‡UªU je‡Yi gva¨‡g AwaKvsk meyR H2SO4 mn wb¤œPv‡c cvZb Ki‡j 98% HNO3 cvIqv hvq| hvi g‡a¨
Dw™¢` bvB‡Uªv‡Rb MÖnY K‡i| wj¸wgbvm RvZxq (gUi, wkg, †Qvjv) Dw™¢` CO2 M¨vm Pvjbv K‡i NO2 AcmvwiZ K‡i we‡kvab Kiv n‡j 99.8%
mivmwi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb MÖnY K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq bvB‡UªUB bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cÖavb weï× HNO3 cvIqv hvq|
Drm wKš‧ bvB‡UªU Av‡m evqy¯ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb †_‡K|
05. HNO3 Drcv`‡b wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖfveK wnmv‡e KvR K‡i? STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
[JU.2014-15,RU. 2007-2008] BUET
A. Ni B. Pt C. Mo D. Fe 01. eRªcv‡Zi d‡j msNwUZ wewµqvmg~n wjL Ges †`LvI wKfv‡e Bnv Dw™¢R I
mwVK DËi: B. Pt cÖvwYR †cÖvwUb •Zwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| [BUET. 2018-19]
we`y¨r¶iY
06. N2 + O2 –––––– 2NO; wewµqvq KZ ZvcgvÎv eëüZ nq? mwVK DËi: eRªcv‡Z: N2 + O2 3000C 2NO
[JU.2014-15]
50-100C
A. 300°C B. 3000°C C. 3500°C D. 3800°C RviY: 2NO + O2 2NO2
mwVK DËi: B. 3000°C 1
cvwb‡Z †kvlY: 2NO2 + 2 O2 + H2O = 2HNO3
CU
01 ‡nevi cÖYvwj‡Z KZ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq? [CU. 2014-2015] gvwU‡Z cÖkgb: CaCO3 + 2HNO3 = Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
A. 100atm B. 150atm C. 200atm D. 240atm wkK‡oi mvnv‡h¨ Dw™¢¾ ‡cÖvwUb
Ca(NO3)2
mwVK DËi: C. 200atm Dw™¢‡ì MÖnY
e¨vL¨v: weï× N2 I H2 ‡K 1t3 Abycv‡Z wgwkÖZ K‡i 200atm Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i Lv`¨ wnmv‡e cÖvYx MÖnY
cÖfveK Avqib P~Y© I cÖfveK mnvqK Mo Gi Dcw¯wZ‡Z 550°C K‡i
cÖvwYR ‡cÖvwUb
ZvcgvÎvq DËß Ki‡j N2 I H2 wewµqv K‡i NH3 Drcbœ nq|
KU BUTex
01. e„wói mgq eRªcv‡Zi d‡j gvwU‡Z †Kvb je‡Yi cwigvY e„w× cvq? 01. BDwiqv mvi‡K gvwU‡Z wgk‡Z †Kvb GbRvBg mvnv‡h¨ K‡i? [BUTex-2016-17]
[KU. 2019-20] A. BDwi‡qR B. Wvqv‡÷R C. Rvq‡gR D. g‡ëR
A. Cl B. NO3 C. OH D. SO42 mwVK DËi: A. BDwi‡qR
mwVK DËi: B. NO3   
Urease
  NH 3  NH 4  NO 3
e¨vL¨v: we`y¨rÿi‡Y N2 I O2 hy³ n‡q NO Drcbœ K‡i| c‡i NO Aw·‡R‡bi e¨vL¨v: H2N-CO-NH2
mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q A¤øxq NO2 Drcbœ K‡i| cwi‡k‡l NO2 e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
wewµqv K‡i HNO3 Drcbœ K‡i| GB HNO3 f~-c„‡ôi CaO Ges CaCO3 MAT
mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i `ªeYxq K¨vjwmqvg bvB‡UªU [Ca(NO3)2] Drcbœ K‡i| 01. GK AvqZb bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I wZb AvqZb nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm wb‡q †mLv‡b we`y¨r ùzwj½
d‡j bvB‡UªU Gi je‡bi cwigvY e„w× cvq| NUv‡j wb‡gœi KZ kZvsk (%) A¨v‡gvwbqv M¨v‡m cwiYZ nq? [MAT.2010-11]
CoU A. 93 B. 70 C. 7 D. 30
01. HNO3 e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ wg‡k gvwU‡Z Av‡m Ges gvwUi †Kvb ÿviKxq mwVK DËi: C. 7
c`v‡_©i mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i `ªeYxq bvB‡UªU jeY wn‡m‡e gvwU‡Z wg‡k? Pt 900°C
[CoU.2015-16] 02. 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) –––––––– 4NO(g) + 6H2O (ev®ú) GwU Kvi cÖYvwj?
A. CaC B. CaO C. NH4Cl D. NO2 A. AvK© B. ‡nevi C. AmIqvì D. ‡nm
mwVK DËi: B. CaO mwVK DËi: C. AmIqvì
 CONCEPT 07 wk‡íi M¨vmxq eR©¨ I evqy`~lY m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv
 Item-01: cÖvBgvix I †m‡KÛvix `~lK:
evqy `~lK cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi †f․Z Ae¯v Abymv‡i `~lK `yBiKg n‡Z cv‡i
cÖvBgvix `~lK †m‡KÛvix `~lK M¨vmxq `~lK KYvRvZxq `~lK
cÖvBgvix `~lK hy³ n‡q `~lY
mivmwi cwi‡e‡k wg‡k hvq A‣Re M¨vmxq `~lK ‣Re M¨vmxq `~lK evjy, a~wjKYv, ‡auvqv.
NUvq
†avqv I Kzqvkvi
a~wjKYv, QvB, ‡auvqv, SO2,
SO3, NO2, H2SO4, N2O5 CO, CO2, NOx, NH3, nvB‡WªvKve©b, A¨vjwWnvBW, wK‡Uvb, wgkÖY, wewfbœ avZe
CO2, CO, NH3, H2S,
, HNO3 ev®ú, PANs H2S, SO2, H2SO4, HX A¨vwgb I A¨vj‡Kvnj cvwU©Kz‡jU
nvB‡WªvKve©b
 PANs (cviAw· A¨vmvBj bvB‡UªU):
DrcwË NO, cvigvYweK O2, cviA·vBW, NO2, O3 I wW‡Rj BwÄ‡b `nbhy³ nvB‡WªvKve©b I wewfbœ wd« †iwW‡Kj wg‡j PANs bvgK wgkÖ evqy
`~lK m„wó nq|
•ewkó¨ †fvi‡ejv wbPz AvKv‡k ev`vgx Kzqvkv¯Íi m„wó K‡i, G‡K Photo Chemical Smog e‡j|
ÿwZKi cÖfve G Kzqvkvi ms¯ú‡k© bvK I †Pv‡L fxlb R¡vjv K‡i|
 Item-02: `~l‡Ki Drm:
Drm M¨vmxq `~lK
*** Zvc we`y¨r Drcv`b †K›`ª *** SOX, NOX, CO, CO2 GQvovI DošÍ QvB, A`nbK…Z Kve©b KYv, cvwU©Kz‡jU|
ivmvqwbK wkí KviLvbv SOX,NOX,CO,CO2, nvB‡WªvKve©b, H2S, NH3, GwmW ev®ú, †d¬vivBW, A¨vjwWnvBW ‡avuqv Ges Hg, Pb, Cd.
wkí cÖwµqvKiY SOX, NOX, CO, ‣Re `ªveK|
†c‡Uªv ‡KwgK¨vj wkí nvB‡WªvKve©b, NOX, CO, CO2, NH3, A¨vjwWnvBW, gviK¨vcUvb, cvwU©Kz‡jU, ‡auvqv|
K…wlR wkí SOX ‡K¬vwibhy³ KxUbvkK|
mvi wkí NH3, SOX, NOX, mv‡ii m~² KYv, GwmW ev®ú, ‡K¬vivBW, ‡auvqv, †d¬vivBW, dm‡dU|
wm‡g›U wkí SOX, NOX, DošÍ QvB, m~² KYv, ‡avuqv|
KvMR wkí Hg, H2S, mvjdvBW, gviK¨vcUvb, GwmW ev®ú|
*** Pvgov wkí *** mvjdvBW, gviK¨vcUvb, †µvwgqvg, UviUvwiK GwmW|
is wkí bvB‡Uªv‡ebwRb, A¨vwbwjb, wK¬bvi, Cr, Pb, Cd
*** B‡Ui fvUv *** CO, SOX, NOX
KxU I QÎvKbvkK Drcv`b KviLvbv As, Pb, Hg, Cd
I‡qwìs, B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs, XvjvB wkí Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg, Cr, CO, SOX
‡U·UvBj ayjxKYv, cvUZzjv, ÿwZKi ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb
ZvgvK wkí H2S, CO, SOX, NOX
‡iwd«Rv‡iUi wkí wmGdwm (CFC), ‡K¬vwib, ‡eªvwgb|
‡c․i cÖwZôv‡bi RÄvj `nb CO, CO2, SOX, NOX, NH3
M„n¯vjx R¡vjvbx Kqjv, M¨vm, ‡K‡ivwmb CO, CO2, H2S
 Item- 03: evqy`~l‡Yi d‡j cwi‡e‡ki Dci wb¤œiƒc cÖfve c‡o:
AvenvIqvi Ici cÖfve ¯^v‡¯ï Ici cÖfve cwi‡e‡ki Ici cÖfve
(i) wMÖb nvDR M¨v‡mi e„w×i Kvi‡Y f~- (i) evqygÐ‡j a~wjKYv e„w×i Rb¨ CO
(i) A¤øagx© †m‡KÛvix `~lK ‡hgb: SO3, H2SO4,
c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| M¨v‡mi AwaK Dcw¯wZ Gi Kvi‡Y i‡³
NO2, N2O5 e„wói cvwb‡Z wg‡k GwmW e„wó NUvq|
(ii) evqygÐ‡ji fvmgvb evqy`~lK mKv‡j I welwµqv N‡U|
(ii) GwmW e„wói d‡j gvwU I Rjvkq pH gvb n«vm cvq
weKv‡j Kzuqvkv m„wó K‡i d‡j c_ Pjvi (ii) d‡Uv‡KwgK¨vj †¯§vM m„wó n‡j Zv bvK
d‡j Rjvkq gvQ I RjR Dw™¢` gviv hvq|
Amyweav nq| I †Pv‡L fxlY R¦vjv m„wó K‡i|
cÖavb cÖavb `~l‡Ki gvÎvtÑ m~Î: WHO
`~l‡Ki bvg mnbxq gvÎv/wbivc` m‡e©v”P gvÎv `~l‡Ki bvg mnbxq gvÎv/wbivc` m‡e©v”P gvÎv
CO 0.15 ppm SO3 0.02 ppm
CO2 300 – 350 ppm/350 ppm (Kwei) NO2 250 ppb
SO2 0.05 ppm NO 350 ppb
CH4 2.0 ppm H2S 0.00002 ppm
 evqy `~l‡Ki Drm: ASPECT SERIES 
01. CO I CO2 Gi Drm:

 Kv‡jv Mvgv cwci evmv †_‡K †gvevBj wb‡q †M‡Q:
Kv‡jv Mvgv cwci evmv †_‡K †gvevBj wb‡q †M‡Q
    
†KvjgvBb M¨vm g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis cøv›U †c‡Uªvwjqvg widvBbvwi eøv÷ dv‡b©m Av‡UvgvevB‡ji eR©¨ M¨vm
02. `~lK SO2 I SO3 Drm:
 Zcyi †gvevB‡j cwci I mvwK‡ei †mjwd-
Zcyi †gvevB‡j cwc I mvwK‡ei †mjwd
    
Zvc we`y¨r †K›`ª A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji eR©¨ †ccvi g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis cøv›U mvjdvB‡Wi AvKwiK †_‡K avZz wb®‥vkb cøv›U mvjwdDwiK GwmW cøv›U
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœt wb‡Pi †h․M¸‡jv †_‡K cÖvBgvix evqy `~lK mbv³ Ki: NO2, CO, SO2, H2S, O3 [BUET. 2019-20]
Dt cÖvBgvix `~lK : CO, SO2, H2S; †m‡KÛvix `~lK : NO2, O3
cÖkœt GKRb my¯ gvby‡li k¦vm cÖk¦v‡mi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b cÖvq Kx cwigvY evqyi cÖ‡qvRb? Dt 14 kg
cÖkœt wk‡íi M¨vmxq eR©¨ †KvbwU? Dt SO2, NO2
cÖkœt BDwiqv mvi Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î gaëZx© KuvPvgvj †KvbwU? Dt NH3
cÖkœt evqy‡Z Dcw¯Z †jW gvbe‡`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i Kx m„wó K‡i? Dt welwµqv|
cÖkœt ‡KvbwU evqy‡Z AwZwi³ wg‡k †M‡j g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i? Dt NH3
cÖkœt bwKs †iv‡a eënvi Kiv nq †KvbwU? Dt Pb(C2H5)4

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
CU DAT
01. †Kvb M¨vmwU "photochemical smog" m„wói Rb¨ `vqx? [CU. 2019-20] 01. wb‡Pi †Kvb M¨vmwU k¦vmZ‡š¿ cÖ`vn m„wó K‡i? [DAT. 2019-20]
A. CO B. CO2 A. CO B. CH 4 C. SO 2 D. CO 2
C. H2O D. NOx mwVK DËi: C. SO2
mwVK DËi: D. NOx e¨vL¨v: M¨vm cÖfve
CO bxie NvZK M¨vm hv dzmdy‡mi gva¨‡g i‡³i
e¨vL¨v: m~‡h©i AwZ‡e¸wb (UV) iwk¥ evqygÛ‡ji bvB‡Uª‡Rb A·vBW (NO) Gi wn‡gv‡Møvwe‡bi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q gvby‡li g„Zz¨ NUvq|
mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i †h we‡kl ai‡bi ev`vwg †avqv •Zwi K‡i Zv‡K CH4 MÖxb nvDm M¨vm hv cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb|
d‡UvK¨vwg‡Kj ¯§M e‡j| SO2 bv‡K I †Pv‡L R¡vjv, k¦vmbvwj‡Z cÖ`vn Ges eª¼vBwUm I
nuvcvwb †ivM m„wó K‡i|
CO2 cÖavb MÖxb nvDm M¨vmiƒ‡c †Møvevj Iqvwg©s NUvq|
 CONCEPT 08 MÖxb nvDR M¨vm I I‡Rvb ¯Íi ÿq
 Item- 01: MÖxb nvDR M¨vm : †h me M¨vm f~-c„‡ôi wewKwiZ IR iwk¥‡K †kvlY K‡i evqygÛ‡ji ZvcgvÎv e„w× K‡i, Zv‡ì‡K MÖxb nvDm M¨vm e‡j|
MÖxb nvDR M¨v‡mi IR iwk¥ †kvl‡Yi kZ©:
(i) †h me M¨v‡mi AYy‡Z wZbwU ev PviwU cigvYy hy³ _v‡K; †hgb CO2, CH4, CCl3F AYy Ges hv‡ì IR iwk¥ †kvlY ÿgZv _v‡K-Giv wMÖb nvDR M¨v‡mi
f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
(ii) Gme AYy‡Z eÜ‡b Ave× cigvYy‡Z K¤úb msL¨v (vibration frequency) Aek¨B f~-c„‡ôi wewKwiZ IR iwk¥i K¤úb mgvb n‡Z cv‡i|
(iii) GQvov Gme AYy‡Z mn‡R cwieZ©bkxj WvB‡cvj †gv‡g›U _v‡K| evqygÐ‡ji CO2 I cvwb ev®ú (H2O) ‡cvjvi AYy nIqvi G‡ì C = O eÜb †cvjvi
nq G‡ì WvB‡cvj ev wØ‡cvj †gv‡g›U mn‡R cwieZ©b N‡U| ZLb Giv wewKwiZ IR iwk¥ †kvlY K‡i ZvcgvÎv e„w× K‡i|
we:`ª: N2, H2, O2 Gi MÖxb nvDR cÖfve †bB|
 wb‡Pi Q‡Ki gva¨‡g MÖxb nvDR M¨vm¸‡jvi Drm m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
wMÖb nvDR ZvcgvÎv CO2 Gi Zzjbvq wMÖb nvDR
M¨vm e„w×‡Z f~wgKv cÖfve/Zvc aviY ÿgZv Dr‡mi Z_¨ ev e¨vL¨v
CO2 50% 1 ¸Y  g~j MÖxb nvDR M¨vm|  CO2 M¨v‡mi me‡P‡q eo Avavi mgy`ª|  GUv‡K g~j KvjwcªU ejv nq|
CH4 19% 25 ¸Y  evqygÐ‡j wbwÿß M¨vm mwµq _v‡K cÖvq 11 eQi|
O3 18% 10 ¸Y  Uª‡cvwùqv‡i I‡Rvb M¨vm Ae¯vb K‡i|
 CFC ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqv‡ii I‡Rvb M¨vm‡K aŸsm K‡i Ges Uª‡cvwùqv‡i wMÖb nvDR M¨v‡mi
15000 ¸Y/
CFC 16% Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
(15000-20000) ¸Y
 wMÖb nvDR cÖfve m„wó‡Z Gi f~wgKv cÖvq 15–16%
NOX 5% 270 ¸Y  AwZ `ªæZMvgx G‡iv‡cøb n‡Z cÖPzi cwigvY NO M¨vm wbM©Z nq|
Rjxq ev®ú 2% 5 ¸Y Kg (0.2 ¸Y)
 wMÖb nvDR M¨vmmg~‡ni D`vniY: ASPECT SERIES 
 Kvwgbvi †Kv‡j Iw_ª-

Kv wg bvi †Kv‡j Iw_ª
    
Kve©b WvB A·vBW (CO2) wg‡_b (CH4) bvB‡Uªv‡Rb A·vBW (NOX) †K¬v‡iv‡d¬v‡iv Kve©b (CFC) O3 (I‡Rvb)
 Item -02: wMÖb nvDR cÖfvetÑ
 ZvcgvÎv e„w×t CO2 Gi e„w× Abymv‡i 2150 mv‡ji g‡a¨ c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv 3.8C evo‡e (IPCC)|
 cvwbP‡µi cwieZ©bt AwZe„wó I Abve„wói m„wó K‡i|
 ¯^v‡¯ï Dci cÖfvet ZvcgvÎv e„w×i m‡½ g¨v‡jwiqv, †W½y, Gb‡K‡djvBwUm, cxZR¡i, nuvcvwb, GjvwR© cÖf„wZ ‡iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve evo‡e|
c„w_exi wMÖb nvDR: evqygÐ‡ji f~c„ô msjMœ †nv‡gvwùqv‡i N2, O2, O3 AYyi mv‡_ CO2 I H2O AYy¸‡jv _v‡K| G †nv‡gvwùqvi AÂj‡K c„w_exi wMÖb nvDR e‡j|
 Item- 03: CFC
 wg‡_b I B‡_‡bi †d¬vwib I †K¬vwib RvZKmg~nB cÖavbZ CFC|
 CFC Gi c~Y©iƒc nj Chlorofluorocarbon.
 evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Giv wd«qbm bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 G¸‡jv wbgœ Mjbv¼ I ùzUbv¼ wewkó, MÜnxb, A`vn¨, wbw®…q cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq Ges Awelv³|
 CFC Gi ùzUbv¼ KÿZvcgvÎvi KvQvKvwQ d‡j Aí Pv‡c Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv hvq|
 CFC –11 (CFCl3)–– ùzUbv¼ 24C, CFC–12(CF2Cl2)–– ùzUbv¼ 30C
SbCl
 CFC–12 Gi Drcv`b wewµqvt CCl4 + 2HF ––––
5
CCl2F2 + HCl
(C+FeCl2)
 CFC–11 I CFC–12 GK‡Î Drcv`b wewµqvt 2CCl4 + 3HF ––––––– CF2Cl2 + CFCl3 + 3HCl
300C
 CFC Gi bvgKiYt CFC Gi MvwYwZK gv‡bi mv‡_ 90 †hvM K‡i wZb AsK wewkó msL¨v evbv‡Z n‡e| Gici cÖ_g AsK‡K C, 2q AsK‡K H Ges 3q
AsK‡K F ai‡Z n‡e| Kve©‡bi Aewkó nvZ Cl Øviv c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡jB CFC Gi ms‡KZ ‣Zwi n‡q hv‡e|
wd«qb m~Î cÖ‡qvM AsK web¨vm ms‡KZ MVb

C H F Cl Cl
Freon–11 11+90=101 Cl C F (CCl3F)
1 0 1 3
Cl
C H F Cl
F
Freon–12 12+90=102 F C Cl (CCl2F2)
1 0 2 2
Cl
C H F Cl
F F
Freon–114 114+90=204 F C C Cl (C2F4Cl2)
2 0 4 2
F Cl
 AvYweK ms‡KZ †_‡K CFC ev Freon code wbY©q:
g‡b ivL‡e IUPAC bxwZ Abymv‡i CFC ev Freon Gi †UªW bv‡gi c‡i m‡e©v”P 3 wWwR‡Ui GKUv code _v‡K, CFC-abc Giƒc|
†h‡Kv‡bv CFC ev HCFC †h․M‡K CaHbFcClx Gfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq|
GLv‡b, a = C cigvYy msL¨v ;b = H cigvYy msL¨v ;c = F cigvYy msL¨v
 CFC/Freon code †ei Kivi Dcvq:
Step-01: CaHbFcClx Giƒc ms‡KZ †_‡K a, b, c Gi gvb wb‡q, abc AvKv‡i GKwU msL¨v evbv‡bv| †mB msL¨v‡Z cÖ_‡g C msL¨v, H msL¨v I †k‡l F msL¨v|
Step-02: CFC code = abc  90
Real Example: CHF2Cl †h․‡Mi CFC code †ei K‡iv?
Solve: a = Kve©b msL¨v = 1; b = H msL¨v = 1; c = F msL¨v = 2 ; CHF2Cl Gi CFC code = 112  90 = 22  CHF2Cl = CFC  22
Q2. FC2HCl4 Gi CFC code †ei K‡iv?
Solve: C2HFCl4 GLv‡b, a = 2; b = 1; c = 1  CFC code = 211  90 = 121  C2HFCl4 = CFC  121
 CFC M¨v‡m Cl msL¨v wbY©q = (2d + 2  e  f) ; GLv‡b, 90 + CFC Nuber (abc) = def
†hgb- Freon-14, Gi Cl msL¨v KqwU? 90 + 14 = 104, d = 1, e = 0, f = 4 ; Cl msL¨v = (2.1 + 204)  Cl msL¨v = 0
 CFC Gi K‡qKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ eënvi Ñ
 Zij cÖmvabxi †¯cÖ  KxUbvkK I †cvKvgvKo `g‡bi `ªveK
 B‡jKUªwbK hš¿cvwZ cwi®‥viK  Lv`¨ `ªe¨ msiÿ‡Y
 I‡Rvb ¯Íi ÿq‡iv‡a CFC Gi weKí wn‡m‡e nvB‡Wªvn¨v‡jv A¨vj‡Kb RvZxq †h․M eënvi Kivi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡”Q| G‡ì g‡a¨ nvB‡Wªv‡K¬v‡iv†d¬v‡ivKve©b
A_ev nvB‡Wªv‡K¬v‡iv Kve©b Ab¨Zg| G ai‡bi †h․M¸‡jvi g‡a¨ HCFC–22 , (CHClF2), HCFC–142 (CH3–CClF2), HCFC–134 (ClCHF–CF3)
Ges HCFC–152 (ClCH2–CHF2)
 CFC Gi weKí wn‡m‡e HCFC eënvi Kiv nq KviY HCFC ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqv‡i wM‡q I‡Rvb aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ Cl cigvYy Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
 cÖwZwU †K¬vwib wd«-‡iwWK¨vj (Cl) cÖvq 1 jÿ I‡Rvb AYy aŸsm K‡i|
 CFC QvovI n¨v‡jv‡Rbmg~n (n¨v‡jvKve©b), N2O, NO, CH4 I‡Rvb¯Íi aŸs‡m mivmwi AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
eëüZ CFC eZ©gv‡b eëüZ HCFC eënv‡ii †ÿÎ
Freon-11, 12, 13, 133 BZ¨vw` HCFC (CHF3), HFC–143a (CF3CFH2) †iwd«Rv‡iUi I kxZZvc wbqwš¿Z eënv‡ii h‡š¿ kxZKvjxb e¯Í wn‡m‡e
Freon-14 HFC-134a wPwKrmv †ÿ‡Î eëüZ A¨v‡ivm‡j †cÖvwcj¨v›U wn‡m‡e
Freon-11,13 HFC-245a ‡dvg RvZxq Dcv`vb †dvjv‡bvi Rb¨
Freon-11,13 - `ªveK, cwi®‥viK I Pwe© AcmviK wn‡m‡e
 Item- 04: I‡Rvb¯Íi ÿqt
 I‡Rvb¯Íi‡K c„w_exi QvZv ejv nq|  I‡Rvb¯Íi aŸs‡mi Rb¨ cÖavb `vqx M¨vm CFC  CFC, Cl wd«-‡iwWK¨vj •Zix Kivi gva¨‡g I‡Rvb ¯Íi aŸsm K‡i|
 I‡Rvb¯Íi ÿ‡qi cÖfvet
 I‡Rvb¯Íi ÿ‡qi d‡j †h UV iwk¥ c„w_ex‡Z Av‡m Zv w¯‥b K¨vÝv‡ii Rb¨ A‡bKvs‡k `vqx| G iwk¥i cÖfv‡e gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv
n«vm, k¦vmbvjxi cÖ`vn, eªsKvBwUm I dzmdy‡mi wewfbœ †ivM nq|
 UV iwk¥i cÖfv‡e mv‡jvK ms‡kølY e¨vnZ nq Ges Lv`¨k‡m¨ †ZRw¯…qZv †`Lv †`q|
 UV iwk¥ mivmwi c„w_ex‡Z Av‡m G‡Z c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡e|
 GK evqygÛjxq Pv‡c 0.01 mm cyiæ I‡Rvb M¨v‡mi NbZ¡‡K GK Wemb GKK (1DU) ejv nq|
 AÂj‡f‡` I‡Rv‡bi NbZ¡:
AÂj I‡Rv‡bi NbZ¡
bvwZkx‡Zvò 350 DU
µvšÍxq 250 DU
Dc‡giæ 450 DU
 ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU eënvit
bvg ivmvqwbK bvg ms‡KZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ ev eënvi
cvBwib Kve©b †UUªv †K¬vivBW CCl4 DËg `ªveK I †cvKvgvKo aŸs‡m eëüZ nq|
BCF WvB-‡eªv‡gv †K¬v‡iv †d¬v‡iv wg‡_b CBr2ClF DËg AwMœÑwbev©cK|
‡d¬v‡_b 2 ‡eªv‡gv 2 †K¬v‡iv UªvB †d¬v‡iv B‡_b CF3CHBrCl ‡K¬v‡ivd‡g©i cwie‡Z© †PZbvbvkKiƒ‡c eëüZ nq|
I‡q÷ªb A¨vwmwUwjb †UUªv †K¬vivBW CHCl 2–CHCl 2 ivevi, evwb©k, †cB›U, †Zj I Pwe©i `ªveKiƒ‡c eëüZ nq|
I‡q‡÷ªvmj UªvB‡K¬v‡iv Bw_wjb CHCCl3 WªvB Iqvwks G‡R›U iƒ‡c eëüZ nq|
‡R‡b ivLv fvj:  cÖwZw`b cÖvq 350000 †gwUªKUb I‡Rvb m„wó I aŸsm nq|  gw›Uªj cÖ‡UvKj nj CFC Gi eënvi bó Kiv|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœt wMÖb nvDR M¨v‡mi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk _v‡K †KvbwU? Dt CO2 cÖkœt CFC ej‡Z wK eyS? Freon-11 Ges Freon-12 cÖ¯‧wZi wewµqv wjL|
[RUET. 2009-10]
cÖkœt CFC óª¨v‡Uvwùqv‡i †Kvb M¨vm‡K aŸsm K‡i? Dt O3 DËi: CFC- wg‡_b I B‡_‡bi †K¬v‡iv †d¬v‡iv D™¢~ZK †h․Mmg~n‡K e‡j CFC|
cÖkœt Gwm, wd«‡R eëüZ nq †KvbwU? Dt CFC 300C
Freon-11 cÖ¯‧Z: 2CCl4+3HF –––––– CFCl3 + CF2Cl2 + 3HCl
(C+FeCl2)
cÖkœt G‡ivm‡ji ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb †KvbwU? Dt CFC wd«qb-11
cÖkœt I‡Rvb¯Íi ÿq‡iv‡a CFC Gi weKí wnmv‡e †Kvb Dt nvB‡Wªvn¨v‡jv SbCl 5
Freon-12 cÖ¯‧wZ: CCl4 + 2HF ––––– CCl2F2 + 2HCl
RvZxq †h․‡Mi eënv‡ii cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q? A¨vj‡Kb| wd«qb-12
cÖkœt wb‡Pi †h․M¸‡jvi MvVwbK ms‡KZ wjL| Freon-11, Freon-12, Freon-114.
cÖkœt CFC Gi †UªW bvg Kx? Dt wd«qb| [BUET. 2003-04]
cÖkœt CClF -CClF †h․MwUi ms‡ÿc bvg Kx? Dt wd«qb- 144 Cl Cl F F

2 2
cÖkœt I‡Rvb (O3) M¨vm †Kvb ¯Í‡i _v‡K? Dt ÷ª¨v‡Uvwõqv‡i| DËi: ClCCl FCCl ClCCCl
cÖkœt CFC I‡Rvb¯Íi‡K †f‡O Kx •Zwi K‡i? Dt wd«-i¨vwWK¨vj| F F F F

Freon-11 Freon-12 Freon-114

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION mwVK DËi: A. Kve©b WvB A·vBW
e¨vL¨v: ZvcgvÎv e„w×t CO2 Gi e„w× Abymv‡i 2150 mv‡ji g‡a¨ c„w_exi
DU
01. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU I‡Rvb ¯Íi aŸs‡mi Rb¨ `vqx bq? [DU-Ka. 2015-16]
ZvcgvÎv 3.8C evo‡e (IPCC)|
A. UV-radiation B. CFC-12 C. –Cl D. CO 09. CFC-13 Gi ms‡KZ †KvbwU? [JU-A. 2016-17]
mwVK DËi: D. CO A. CHClF2 B. CF2Cl2 C. CF3Cl D. CFCl3
mwVK DËi: C. CF3Cl
JnU e¨vL¨v: Concept- 08, Item- 03
01. wd«qb -11M¨v‡mi ms‡KZ wK? [JnU-A.2017-18, PUST. 2014-15]
A. CF2Cl2 B. CCIF3 C. CFC13 D. CHFCl2 RU
mwVK DËi: C. CFC13 01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU G‡ivmj †¯úªi `ªveK wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq? [RU-F3.17-18]
JU A. ‡K¬v‡ivdg© B. digvwjb C. wg_vbj D. wd«qb
01. CFC M¨v‡mi RxebKvj KZ eQi? [JU-D. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: D. wd«qb
A. cÖvq 500 B. cÖvq 100 C. cÖvq 50 D. cÖvq 10 e¨vL¨v: wd«qbmg~n MÜnxb, Awelv³, A`vn¨, cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq, wbw®…q, wb¤œ
mwVK DËi: B. cÖvq 100 ùzUbv¼ wewkó, AwaK Pv‡c Zijxf~Z Ges Pvc n«v‡m ev‡®ú cwiYZ nq
e¨vL¨v: CFC Gi weKí wn‡m‡e HCFC eëüZ nq| KviY CFC Gi RxebKvj e‡j gkv, †cvKvgvKo, I wewfbœ cÖKvi KxUbvkK †hgb- G‡ivmj †¯úª
cÖvq 100 eQi wKš‧ HCFC Gi RxeYKvj gvÎ 2-10 eQi •Zix‡Z Ges welv³ c`v‡_©i `ªveK I Jla wQUv‡bvi Kv‡R eëüZ nq|
02. wm‡g›U wk‡íi †Kvb `~lK Rjxq ev®ú I Aw·‡R‡bi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i 02. I‡Rvb ¯Íi ÿ‡qi Rb¨ †Kvb †h․MwU me‡P‡q †ewk `vqx?
GwmW e„wó m„wó K‡i? [JU-D, Set-A. 2019-20] [RU-C.2016-17; CU.2009-10, JU-D. 2019-20]
A. SO2 B. CaCO3 C. Ca(OH)2 D. CaO A. HFC B. CFC C. CH3Br D. NO
mwVK DËi: A. SO2 mwVK DËi: B. CFC
e¨vL¨v: SO2 + O2  SO3 ; SO3 + H2O (Rjxq ev®ú)  H2SO4 e¨vL¨v: CFC ‡_‡K Free Radical (Cl) m„wó nq hv I‡Rvb¯Íi ÿ‡qi Rb¨
03. †Møvevj Iqvwg©s Gi Rb¨ `vqx bq- [JU-D,Set-C: 18-19, IU-F,Set-B:18-19, wm.‡ev. 15] me‡P‡q †ewk `vqx|
A. N2 B. CH4 C. N2O D. H2O vapour 03. DËß c„w_exc„ô ‡_‡K AwZwi³ wewKwiZ Zv‡ci AcmviY‡K AvU‡K ‡Ìqvi
mwVK DËi: A. N2 ‡ÿ‡Î CO2 Gi f~wgKvi c‡iB i‡q‡Q- [RU.2013-2014]
e¨vL¨v: †Møvevj Iqvwg©s Gi Rb¨ MÖxb nvDR M¨vm mg~n `vqx| †h‡nZz N2 A. CO 2 B. O 2 C. N 2 D. CH 4
MÖxbnvDm M¨vm bq ZvB GwU †Møvevj Iqvwg©s Gi Rb¨ `vqx bq| mwVK DËi: D. CH 4
04. Rxevk¥ R¡vjvbx `n‡bi d‡j †Kvb MÖxb nvDR M¨vm me‡P‡q †ewk †e‡o e¨vL¨v: DËß c„w_exc„ô ‡_‡K AwZwi³ wewKwiZ Zv‡ci AcmviY‡K AvU‡K
hv‡”Q? [JU-A3.2017-18, e./iv. †ev. 2015, e./P./h. †ev. 2016] †Ìqvi †ÿ‡Î CO2 Gi f~wgKvi c‡iB CH4 Gi Ae¯vb| Rjvf~wg‡Z
A. Rjxq ev®ú B. †K¬v‡iv †d¬v‡iv Kve©b cPbkxj Dw™¢` e¨vK‡Uwiqvi cÖfv‡e wg‡_b M¨vm Drcbœ K‡i _v‡K|
C. Kve©b WvBA·vBW D. wg‡_b Mevw`cïi gjg~‡Îi cP‡bi d‡j I Ave× evqy‡Z g„Z RxeRš‧i cP‡bi
mwVK DËi: C. Kve©b WvBA·vBW d‡j wg‡_b M¨vm Drcbœ nq|
e¨vL¨v: Rxevk¥ R¡vjvbx g~jZ nvB‡WªvKve©b| Avi GB nvB‡WªvKve©b‡K `nb Ki‡j 04. wb‡¤œi †Kvb&wU CFC bq? [RU.2011-2012]
cvIqv hvq CO2 I H2O A. wd«qb-11 B. wd«qb-114 C. wd«qb-12 D. wd«qb-4
05. HCFC ‡h․‡Mi Avqy®‥vj KZ eQi? [JU-D1.2017-18] mwVK DËi: D. wd«qb-4
A. 2 - 10 B. 2 - 14 C. 2 - 8 D. 100 e¨vL¨v: GK AsK wewkó CFC nq bv|
mwVK DËi: A. 2 - 10
e¨vL¨v: CFC Gi weKí wn‡m‡e HCFC eëüZ nq| KviY CFC Gi RxebKvj CU
cÖvq 100 eQi wKš‧ HCFC Gi RxeYKvj gvÎ 2-10 eQi| 01. ‡Kvb M¨vmwU MÖ x b- nvDR cÖ f v‡ei Rb¨ `vqx bq? [CU-A.2017-18]
06. weMZ 50 eQ‡i •ewk¦K ZvcgvÎv KZ †e‡o‡Q? [JU-D5.2017-18] A. CFC gas B. Krypton gas C. CH 4 gas D. CO 2 gas
A. 0.2 °C B. 0.4 °C C. 0.6 °C D. 0.8 °C mwVK DËi: B. Krypton gas
mwVK DËi: C. 0.6 °C e¨vL¨v: wMÖbnvDR M¨vm mg~n nj : CO2,CH4, N2O,CFC,O3 Rjxq ev®ú BZ¨vw`|
e¨vL¨v: weMZ 50 eQ‡i 0.6C nv‡i †Møvevj ZvcgvÎv †e‡o‡Q| KviY 33% CO2 02. bx‡Pi †Kvb M¨vmwU evqygÐ‡j ÒwMÖb nvDRÓ cÖfv‡ei Rb¨ `vqx?
M¨v‡mi e„w× wewKwiZ IR iwk¥i Zvc AwaK cwigvb †kvlY K‡i‡Q| [CU-1. 2016-17; JU. 12-13, 13-14: JnU. 12-13; MBSTU. 2012-13]
07. wd«qb-114 Gi ms‡KZ †KvbwU? [JU-D9.2017-18] A.O2 B. N2 C. He D. CO2 E. Ar
A. F2ClC-CClF2 B. CFCl3 C. CF2Cl2 D. †KvbwUB bq mwVK DËi: D. CO 2
mwVK DËi: A. F2ClC-CClF2 03. wb‡Pi †KvbwU MÖxb nvDm M¨vm bq? [CU-F1.2016-17, wm. †ev. 2015]
e¨vL¨v: CFC - 11 Gi ms‡KZ = CFCl3 A. CH4 B. N2O C. H2O D. CFC E. Cl2

CFC - 12 Gi ms‡KZ = CF2Cl2
mwVK DËi: E. Cl2
CFC - 113 Gi ms‡KZ = CF2Cl-CFCl2 04. ‘OZONE-HOLE’ •Zwi‡Z †KvbwUi †Kvb f~wgKv †bB? [CU-G. 2016-17]
CFC - 114 Gi ms‡KZ = CClF2.CClF2 A. CO2 B. Free radicals C.CFC D. NO
08. †Kvb wMÖbnvDm M¨vm ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z †ewk Ae`vb iv‡L? [JU. 2016-17]
mwVK DËi: D. NO
A. Kve©b WvB A·vBW B. wm Gd wm C. I‡Rvb D. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb e¨vL¨v: NO MÖxb nvDR M¨vm bq| wKš‧ N2O MÖxb nvDR M¨vm|
KU 03. 1800-1900 mv‡ji g‡a¨ c„w_exi Mo ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× ‡c‡q‡Q?
01. †Kvb fvix avZzi MÖxb nvDR M¨v‡mi RxebKvj Zzjbvg~jK `xN©? [KU. 19-20] [MBST.2013-2014]
A. As B. Cd C. Cr D. Pb A. 0.5°C B. 0.4°C C. 0.3°C D. 0.2°C
mwVK DËi: D. Pb mwVK DËi: B. 0.4°C
e¨vL¨v: †UUªvB_vB‡jW R¡vjvwb †Z‡ji A‡±b bv¤^vi evov‡Z eëüZ nq Ges evqyi e¨vL¨v: µgvMZ ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j ‡Møvevj Iqvwg©s ïiæ n‡q wM‡q‡Q| 1800-
mv‡_ wg‡k hvq| ZvB †jW Gi RxebKvj Zzjbvg~jK `xN©| 1900 mv‡ji g‡a¨ c„w_exi Mo ZvcgvÎv cÖvq 0.4°C ‡e‡o‡Q| 1900-2000
02. bx‡Pi †KvbwU CFC Gi weKí? [KU-A,Set-Kha:2018-19] mv‡ji g‡a¨ Mo ZvcgvÎv e„w× ‡c‡q‡Q cÖvq 1°C| G 100 eQi I‡Rvb¯Í‡ii
A. Pentane B. Ammonium ÿq n‡q‡Q cÖvq 3 fvM|
C. Methylene Chloride D. Hydrochlorofluro Carbon
mwVK DËi: D. Hydrochlorofluoro Carbon. BSMRSTU
01. ‡KvbwU wMÖb nvDm M¨vm bq? [BSMRSTU-B.2017-18]
e¨vL¨v: CFC Gi weKí -Hydroclorofluoro Carbon (HCFC)
A. H2 B. CO2 C. CFC D. CH4
03. cwi‡ek webóKvix MÖxb nvDm cÖfv‡ei R‡b¨ †Kvb M¨vm `vqx?
[KU.2009-2010, CU.2013-14]
mwVK DËi: A. H2
A. CO2 B. CFC C. bvBUªvm A·vBW D. me¸‡jv 02. wd«qb- 12 Gi ms‡KZ †KvbwU? [BSMRSTU-H.2017-18; MBSTU. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: D. me¸‡jv A. CCl2F2 B. CCl3F C. CClF2-CClF2 D. CH3COCl
CoU mwVK DËi: A. CCl 2 F2
01. nvB‡Wªvn¨v‡jv A¨vj‡Kb RvZxq c`v‡_© ‡Kvb eÜb _vKvi Kvi‡Y ÿwZKi Cl 03. evqy gÛ‡j MÖ x b nvDR M¨vm bv _vK‡j f~c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎvÑ [BSMRSTU. 12-13]
cigvYy Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv? [CoU.2013-2014] A. †e‡o †hZ B. 0C †_‡K AviI 18C wb‡P †b‡g †hZ
A. H – Cl B. H – C C. H – H D. Cl – Cl C. w¯i _vK‡Zv D. AwbwðZ Ae¯vq coZ
mwVK DËi: B. H – C mwVK DËi: D. AwbwðZ Ae¯vq coZ
IU PUST
01. I‡Rvb ¯Í‡ii fvsMb NUvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU? [IU. 2012-13]
01. C2F4Cl2 †h․MwUi bvg wK? [PUST-A.2017-18]
A. NO B. NO2 C. Cl2 D. CCl2F2
A. wd«qb-14 B. wd«qb-114 C.wd«qb-2 D. wd«qb- 11
mwVK DËi: D. CCl2F2
e¨vL¨v: I‡Rvb ¯Íi ÿqKvix c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ CFC n‡jv cÖavb| mwVK DËi: B. wd«qb-114
e¨vL¨v: C2F4Cl2 - G C msL¨v- 2, H msL¨v- 0, F msL¨v- 4
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION wd«qb Gi b¤î = (204 - 90) = 114
SUST  C2F4Cl2 nj wd«qb - 114
01. †Kvb ‡h․MwU CFC Gi AšÍf~©³ bq? [SUST-B.2016-17]
A. CFCI3 B. CF2CI2 HSTU
C. CCIF2CCIF D. CF3CF3 E. CF3CCI3 01. CFC I‡Rvb ¯Íi aŸsm K‡i wKfv‡e? [HSTU-B.2017-18]
mwVK DËi: D. CF3CF3 A. I‡Rvb AYy †f‡½ B. wd«i¨vwWK¨vj wewµqvq
e¨vL¨v: CFC n‡”Q wg‡_b I B‡_‡bi †K¬v‡iv I ‡d¬v‡iv D™¢yZ RvZK wKš‧ C. I‡Rvb †kvlY K‡i D. hyZ wewµqvq
CF3CF3 ‡h․‡M ïay B‡_‡b †døvwib Av‡Q †K¬vwib †bB ZvB GwU CFC bq| mwVK DËi: B. wd«-i¨vwWK¨vj wewµqvq
JUST e¨vL¨v: m~h© †_‡K Avmv AwZe¸wb iwk¥ Øviv CFC mg~n wd«- i¨vwWK¨vj wewµqvi
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU I‡Rvb¯Íi ÿqKvix bq? [JUST-B: 2019-20] gva¨‡g evqygÐ‡ji I‡Rvb ¯Íi‡K †f‡½ Aw·‡R‡b cwiYZ K‡i| Gfv‡e
A. CFCl3 B. CH4 C. SO4 D. N2O I‡Rvb ¯Íi aŸsm nq|
mwVK DËi: C. SO4
02. CFC Gi †ejvq †KvbwU mwVK bq? [HSTU-D.2017-18]
02. ‡K¬v‡iv‡d¬v‡iv Kve©b M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î bx‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK bq? [JUST-B.2017-18]
A. I‡Rvb ¯Íi bó K‡i B. cPb †iva K‡i
A. MÜnxb B. A`vn¨
C. weï× cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq D. D”P MjbvsK C. wngvqK h‡š¿ eëüZ nq D. G‡ivmj †¯úª Gi `ªveK
mwVK DËi: D. D”P MjbvsK mwVK DËi: B. cPb †iva K‡i
e¨vL¨v: wd«qb mg~n MÜnxb, Awelv³, A`vn¨, cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq, wbw®…q I wb¤œ e¨vL¨v: 1) wewfbœ ai‡bi wngvqK (AC, wd«R, †iwd«Rv‡iUi cÖf…wZ) h‡š¿ eëüZ nq|
ùzUbvsK wewkó| 2) wkKj wewµqvi gva¨‡g I‡Rvb ¯Íi ÿq K‡i P‡j‡Q|
03. CFC I‡Rvb¯Íi‡K †f‡O Kx •Zwi K‡i? [JUST.2013-14] 3) Zij cÖmvabx ‡¯úª wn‡m‡e cÖPzi cwigv‡Y eënvi Kiv nq|
A. UV iwk¥ B. wd«-i¨vwWK¨vj C. K¨vÝvi mnvqK ‡Kvl D. ATP 03. MÖxb nvDR M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq †KvbwU? [HSTU-A.2017-18]
mwVK DËi: B. wd«-i¨vwWK¨vj A. CO2 M¨vm 49% B. CH4 M¨vm 18%
MBSTU C. CO M¨vm 16% D. CFC M¨vm 14%
01. wMÖb nvDR M¨vm †KvbwU? [MBSTU-B. 2019-20] mwVK DËi: C. CO M¨vm 16%
A. N2 B. COCl2 C. Rjxq ev®ú D. H2 
04. CFCl3  A
CFCl2 + Cl; A =? [HSTU.2013-2014]
mwVK DËi: C. Rjxq ev®ú
A. Pt P~Y© B. Fe P~Y© C. h D. ZvcgvÎv
02. I‡Rvb ¯Íi ÿ‡qi Rb¨ †Kvb M¨vmwU `vqx?
[MBSTU. 2017-18, 2018-19 e. †ev. 2017] mwVK DËi: C. h
A. CH2FCl B. CF2Cl2 C. F2HC-CHCl2 D. CHFCl2 05. †Kvb †h․M IRb ¯Í‡ii ÿwZKviK? [HSTU. 2011-12]
mwVK DËi: B. CF2Cl2 A. CFC B. CCl4 C. COCl2 D. †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v: I‡Rvb ¯Íi ÿ‡qi Rb¨ CFCl3 I CF2Cl2 me‡P‡q †ewk `vqx| mwVK DËi: A. CFC
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
BUTex MAT
01. wMÖb nvDR M¨v‡m CFC Gi kZKiv cwigvY KZ? 01. MÖxb nvDR cÖfv‡ei Rb¨ †ekx `vqx M¨vm njÑ [MAT. 2019-20; JUST. 11-12]
[BUTex.2011-2012; HSTU-D.17-18]
A. CO B. NO2 C. CH4 D. CO2
A. 16% B. 6% C. 13% D. 14%
mwVK DËi: D. CO2
mwVK DËi: D. 14%
02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wMÖb nvDR M¨vm bq? [MAT. 2014-15]
e¨vL¨v: wMÖbnvDR M¨v‡m CO2(49%), CH4(18%),
A. CFC B. N2O C. N2 D. CH4
CFC(14%), O3(8%) N2O(6%) Rjxq ev®ú (2%) _v‡K| mwVK DËi: C. N2
Tex.Eng.Clg. e¨vL¨v: MÖxb nvDR M¨vmmg~n CO2, CFC, N2O, CH4
01. What is the percent of CFC in green house gas?
[Tex.Eng.Clg. 2019-20] DAT
A. 16% B. 25% C. 56% D. 14% 01. wb‡Pi †Kvb M¨vmwU evqygÐ‡ji ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk f~wgKv iv‡L?
mwVK DËi: D. 14% [DAT. 2019-20; IU. 2013-14; e.†ev. 2015]
e¨vL¨v: Relative participation of gases in green house effect: A. CO2 B. NO2 C. NH3 D. CH4
CO2  50%, CH4  18%, O3  12%, CFC  14% mwVK DËi: A. CO2
 CONCEPT 09 GwmW e„wó m¤úwK©Z Z_¨
 Item -01: GwmW e„wói cÖv_wgK Z_¨:
 H2SO4 I HNO3 GwmW wgwkªZ e„wói cvwbi pH 5.6 Gi Kg n‡j Zv‡K GwmW e„wó ejv nq|
 GwmW e„wó‡Z me †_‡K †ewk f~wgKv iv‡L H2SO4(60–65%), Zvici HNO3 (30-35%), me‡P‡q Kg f~wgKv iv‡L HCl|
 GwmW e„wói Rb¨ `vqx M¨vm NOx, SOx|
 eRªcv‡Zi mgq D”P ZvcgvÎvq evZv‡mi N2 I O2 wewµqv K‡i NOx Drcbœ K‡i hv e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ wg‡k HNO3 Drcbœ K‡i|
 AMœy¨rcv‡Zi mgq cÖPzi cwigvY SO2 evqy‡Z wg‡k hvq| evqygÐ‡ji SO2 Gi cÖvq 67% cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q m„ó|
 Item- 02: GwmW e„wói ÿwZKi cÖfve:
 gvwUi pH K‡g hvq d‡jÑ
 gvwUi De©iZv bó nq|  AYyRxe aŸsm nq|
 mv‡jvKms‡kølY e¨vnZ nq Ges Mv‡Qi e„w× I †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv A‡bKvs‡k K‡g hvq|
 GwmW e„wói Kvi‡Y cvwbi pH n«vm cvq d‡jÑ
 gv‡Qi Lvevi dvB‡Uvcøv¼Ub I Ry‡qvcøv¼Ub Drcv`b n«vm cvq| gv‡Qi cÖRbb I wWg Drcv`b K‡g hvq|
 cvwbi A¤øZ¡ †ewk n‡j cvwb‡Z Al2(SO4)3 m„wó nq hv Al2O3 Gi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i Al3+ Drcbœ K‡i| Al3+ gv‡Qi k¦vmZš¿ AvµgY K‡i| d‡j
gvQ Aw·‡Rb ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y gviv hvq|
 GwmW e„wó gvby‡li Pzj I Z¡‡Ki ÿwZ K‡i| ZvQvov H2SO4 Ges HNO3 wgwkªZ cvwb MÖnY Ki‡j gvby‡li k¦vmhš¿, mœvqyZš¿ I cwicvK wµqv
`viæYfv‡e e¨vnZ nq|
 GwmW e„wói cÖfv‡e wewfbœ HwZnvwmK ¯vcbv, g©v‡ej cv_i wbwg©Z wewìs, ¯§„wZ‡m․a, fv¯‥h©, avZe †mZz cÖf„wZ e¨vcKfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯ nq|
 †÷vb K¨vÝvit GwmW e„wói d‡j g©v‡ej cv_‡i †h ÿ‡Zi m„wó nq Zv‡K †÷vb K¨vbmvi e‡j|
 HOT NEWS: FGD cøv›Ut SO2 M¨vm wgwkªZ d¬z-M¨vm‡K Pzbvcv_i ev Pz‡bi cvwbi wgkª‡Y Pvjbv K‡i SO2 †kvlY Kiv nq| G d¬z-M¨vm wWmvjdvivB‡Rkb ev
FGD cø¨v›U e‡j| FGD cøv‡›U Drcbœ wRcmvg (CaSO4.2H2O) dry wall ‣Zix‡Z eëüZ nq|
d¬z-M¨vm = H2S+SO2+SO3
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœt GKwU †KwgK¨vj BÛªvw÷ª‡Z Aew¯Z d¬z M¨vm wWmvjwdDivB‡Rkb (FGD) cøv‡›U SO2 Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ msMwVZ wewµqvmg~n D‡jøL Ki| [BUET. 19-20]

DËit CaCO3 (s) + SO2 (g) – CaSO3 (s) + CO2 (g) ; CaO + SO2  CaSO3
2CaSO3 (s) + O2 (g) + 4H2O(l)  2[CaSO4.2H2O](s) [gypsum]
1
CaO + CO2  CaCO3 ; CaO + 2NO2 + O2  Ca(NO3)2
2
cÖkœt mvaviYZ e„wói cvwb wKQzUv- Dt GwmWxq| cÖkœt SO2 evqygÐ‡ji cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqvq Kx Drcbœ nq? Dt H2SO4
cÖkœt NO2 M¨vm evqy‡Z wg‡k e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i Dt HNO3 cÖkœt ÿY¯vqx GwmW †KvbwU? Dt HNO2
wK Drcbœ K‡i? cÖkœt GwmW e„wói d‡j Rjvkq I gvwUi pH KZ nq? Dt 4
cÖkœt RxeMR‡Zi mKj m`m¨ k¦vmwµqvi mgq evqygÐ‡j Dt CO2
†Kvb M¨vm wbtmiY K‡i? cÖkœt GwmW e„wói cÖwZKv‡i mevi Av‡M evqygÐ‡ji Kx Kwg‡q Dt SO2 I NO2
cÖkœt CO2 I NO2 evZv‡m Dcw¯Z cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i Dt GwmW Avb‡Z n‡e?
wK Drcbœ nq- cÖkœt GwmW e„wó wbf©i K‡i H GjvKvi evqygÐ‡j ¯^vfvweK Dt SOx, NOx,
gvÎv A‡cÿv Kx‡mi cwigvY †ewk _vK‡j? CO2 I HCl(g)

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION MBSTU
JU 01. d‡Uv‡KwgK¨vj smog •Zwi‡Z ‡Kvb evqy`~lK f~wgKv iv‡Lbv?
01. GwmW e„wói pH KZ? [JU-D7.2017-18] [MBSTU-H.2016-17]
A. > 6.8 B. 5.8 C. <5.6 D. ‡KvbwUB bq A. NO 2 B. O 3 C. CFC D. nvB‡WªvKve©b
mwVK DËi: C. <5.6 mwVK DËi: C. CFC
e¨vL¨v: evqygÐ‡ji CO2 e„wói mgq e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ wg‡k `ye©j Kve©wbK GwmW 02. wb‡Pi †Kvb †h․‡Mi weiÄb wµqv A¯vqx? [MBSTU. B. 2016-17]
A. Cl2 B. SO3 C. Ca(OCl)Cl D. SO2
•Zwi K‡i| G mgq e„wói cvwbi pH nq 5.6| e„wói cvwbi pH 5.6 Gi
mwVK DËi: D. SO2
Kg n‡j Zv‡K GwmW e„wó e‡j|
e¨vL¨v: SO2 `ye©j weiÄK| †K¬vwib hy³ †h․‡Mi weiÄb wµqv ¯vqx|
RU
01. GwmW e„wói Rb¨ †KvbwU `vqx bq? [RU-H. 2015-16]
HSTU
A. HCl B. H3SO3 C. H2SO4 D. HNO3 01. ‡KvbwU GwmW e„wói cÖfve bq? [HSTU-A.2017-18]
mwVK DËi: B. H3SO3 A. avZz wbwg©Z Rvnv‡R gwiPv a‡i B. Rjvk‡q gvQ g‡i hvq
e¨vL¨v: GwmW e„wó‡Z H2SO4, H2SO3 Ges HNO3, HNO2 Gi Ae`vb h_vµ‡g C. †k¦Z cv_i njy` D. gvwU‡Z dmj d‡j bv
(60-65)% Ges (30-35)%| HNO2, HCl GwmW e„wói pH 3.5 †_‡K 5.6 mwVK DËi: A. avZz wbwg©Z Rvnv‡R gwiPv a‡i
Gi g‡a¨ nq| HCl Lye Kg cwigv‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L| e¨vL¨v: GwmW e„wói d‡j avZz wbwg©Z Rvnv‡Ri ÿq nq| gwiPv aiv ivmvqwbK
02. GwmW e„wó m„wó‡Z cÖavb f~wgKv iv‡L- [RU. 2014-15] cwieZ©b|
A. SO2 Ges SO3 B. NO Ges NO3 C. NO Ges SO2D. NO2 Ges SO3 STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
mwVK DËi: D. NO2 Ges SO3 MAT
e¨vL¨v: evqy‡Z SO3, NO2 Ges mvjwdDwiK GwmW ev®ú †ewk _vK‡j e„wói 01. GwmW e„wói Rb¨ `vqx †KvbwU? [MAT- 2019-20, 2017-18, P.‡ev. 2017]
mgq H GwmW ev®ú cvwbi mv‡_ wgwkÖZ n‡q GwmW e„wó m„wó K‡i| A. O2 B. CO C. SO2 D. CO2
03. SO2 M¨vm cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i wK •Zix nq- [RU. mwVK DËi: C. SO2
2009-10,
w`.‡ev. 2017] e¨vL¨v: Aat‡ÿcY e„wó‡Z pH Gi gvb 5.6 Gi Kg n‡jB H Aat‡ÿcY‡K GwmW
A. H2SO4 B.HSO4 C. H2SO2 D. H2SO3 e„wó e‡j| GwmW e„wói KviY n‡”Q gbyl¨m„ó evqy `~lY wµqv| mvaviYZ
mwVK DËi: D. H2SO3 KjKviLvbv AÂ‡ji GwmW e„wói cvwbi pH Gi gvb 3.5 †_‡K 5.5 Gi g‡a¨
e¨vL¨v: mvjdv‡ii WvB A·vBW A¤øag©x e‡j cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i A¤ø •Zwi _v‡K| Gi g~‡j wZbwU GwmW (H2SO3, H2SO4, HNO3) Gi f~wgKv i‡q‡Q; hv
K‡i| cÖvBgvwi evqy`~lK SO2 M¨vm I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb A·vBWmg~n (NOx) n‡Z Drcbœ nq|
i. SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 ii. SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 02. mvjdvi mivmwi †KvbwU Qvov Ab¨ me avZzi mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z cv‡i? [MAT. 2012-2013]
CU A. wRsK B. cøvwUbvg C. †j․n D. iƒcv
01. e„wói cvwbi bgybv‡K GwmW e„wó wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv hvq hw` Gi pH...... nq| mwVK DËi: B . cø v wUbvg
[CU-Ka.2016-17] e¨vL¨v: †Mvì, cøvwUbvg‡K AwfRvZ avZy e‡j| Giv mn‡R †Kvb †g․‡ji mv‡_ hy³
A. 5.6 B. 4.0 C. 6.2 D. 7.0 E. 6.8 nq bv| mvjdvi mPivPi †h mg¯Í avZzi mv‡_ AvqwbK ev mg‡hvRx eÜb
mwVK DËi: B. 4.0
MVb K‡i Zv n‡”Q K, Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Ag, Pb|
e¨vL¨v: ¯^vfvweK e„wói Rb¨ pH Gi me©wbgœ gvb 5.5 (5.5 – 3.5)| Gi wb‡P pH
Gi gvb n‡j Zv GwmW e„wó e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Z‡e DbœZ †`‡k GwmW e„wói pH DAT
me‡P‡q Kg _v‡K| †hgb- ga¨ BD‡iv‡c GwmW e„wói pH 4.1 01. Acid Rain -G †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?
[DAT. 2016-17; KU. 2014-15; MBSTU 2009-10]
CoU A. H2SO4 I HCI B. H2SO4 I HNO3
01. Rjvk‡q cvwbi pH gvb KZ Gi wb‡P n‡j RjR Dw™¢` I gvQ gviv hvq? C. H2SO4 I H2CO3 D. HNO3 I HCI
[CoU-A. 2016-17] mwVK DËi: B. H2SO4 I HNO3
A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 02. G‡iv‡cø‡b R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e Kx eëüZ nq? [DAT. 2006-2017]
mwVK DËi: A. 3 A. AK‡Ub B. ‡c‡Uªvj C. M¨v‡mvwjb D. AK‡Ub
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION mwVK DËi: C. M¨v‡mvwjb
JUST e¨vL¨v: SOX Gi cÖavb Drm n‡”Q Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi `nb, mvjdvihy³ AvKwiK
01. KqjvwfwËK Zvc we`y¨r †K›`ª ¯vc‡bi d‡j m„ó GwmW e„wó †Kvb M¨v‡mi n‡Z avZz wb®‥vkb, mvjdvi wb®‥vkb BZ¨vw`| NOX Gi cÖavb Drm n‡”Q
Kvi‡Y n‡Z cv‡i? [JUST-A. 2016-17; KU. 2015-16]
Zvcwe`y¨r ‡K›`ª, hvbevn‡bi Ae‡kl, avZz wb®‥vkb Pzwjø, ‡Zj ‡kvabvMvi
A. NO2 B. HCOOH C. CI D. CO2 E. SO2 cøv›U BZ¨vw`| CO2 Gi cÖavb Drm n‡”Q- `vevbj, ‡gvUi BwÄ‡b ‡c‡Uªvwjqvg
mwVK DËi: E. SO2 RvZxq Dcv`v‡bi `nb, A¨v‡iv‡cø‡b AwZwi³ M¨v‡mvwj‡bi eënvi|
 CONCEPT 10 A¤ø-ÿvi‡Ki wewfbœ gZev` m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv
 cÖv_wgK Z_¨vejxt GwmW kãwU j¨vwUb Acidus kã †_‡K D™¢~Z Ges Alkali GKwU Aviex kã hvi A_© Dw™¢` f®§| cÖvPxb imvqbwe` I Avj‡KwgMb wf‡bMvi
Gi m`„k ag©hy³ e¯‧‡K GwmW Ges Dw™¢` f¯§ m`„k ag©hy³ e¯‧‡K A¨vjKvwj ev ÿvi wn‡m‡e g‡b Ki‡Zb|
 Item- 01: cÖvPxb ev mvaviY gZev`t
 A¤ø UK ¯^v`hy³ Ges ÿviK wgwó ¯^v`hy³|  hw` †Kvb †h․M bxj wjUgvm‡K jvj K‡i Zv GwmW
 jvj wjUgvm‡K bxj Ki‡j ÿviK Ges  eY© cwieZ©b bv n‡j wbi‡cÿ †h․M|
Avi‡nwbqvm eªb‡÷W-jvDwi
ZË¡ jyBm (Lewis) Dmv‡bvwfK (Usanovich) jv· d¬vW (Lux flood)
(Arrhenius) (Bronsted Lowery)
mvj 1887 1923 1923 1938 1947
K¨vUvqwbK -A¨vbvqwbK
gZev` AvqwbK gZev` †cÖvUbxq gZev` B‡j±ªbxq gZev` (me©vaywbK) A·vBW gZev`|
gZev`|
GwmW n‡”Q Ggb c`v_© hv
†h Rjxq `ªe‡Y
†h GK‡Rvov B‡j±ªb MÖnY GKUv ÿvi‡K wbw®…q K‡i, wewµqvi mgq †h †h․M
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Avqb (H+)
hv Ab¨ c`v_© †K †cÖvUb `vb K‡i| K‡i| K¨vUvqb ev B‡jKUªb `vb K‡i, A·vBW Avqb `vb
GwmW `vb K‡i|
D`vniY: HCl , H2SO4, HSO4– D`vniY: CO2 , SO2, BF3, A¨vbvq‡bi mv‡_ hy³ nq| K‡i|
D`vniY:
AlCl3, Cu2+ D`vniY : SO3, Cl2, HCl, D`vniY : SO3, SiO2
HCl(aq), HNO3(aq)
NH4+
ÿvi n‡”Q Ggb c`v_© hv GKUv
†h Rjxq `ªe‡Y †h GK‡Rvov B‡j±ªb `vb wewµqvi mgq †h †h․M
GwmW‡K wbw®…q K‡i, A¨vbvqb
nvB‡Wªv·vBW Avqb †h A¤ø n‡Z †cÖvUb MÖnY K‡i| K‡i| A·vBW Avqb MÖnY
`vb K‡i ev K¨vUvq‡bi mv‡_
ÿvi (OH–) `vb K‡i D`vniY: Cl–, H2O, NH3, NO3–, D`vniY: NH3, H2O, CN–, K‡i|
hy³ nq|
D`vniY: NaOH(aq), F–, OH– Cl– D`vniY : CaO,
D`vniY : Na2O, KCN, NH3,
KOH(aq) CaSO4
OH–
(i) †cÖvUbxq ZË¡ KL‡bvB bb (i) jyBm ZË¡ ïaygvÎ
(i) ARjxq `ªe‡Y
†cÖvUbxq `ªve‡K †hgb- COCl2, mwbœ‡ek mg‡hvRx eÜb
Kvh©Ki bq wewkó †h․‡Mi †ÿ‡Î
SO2, N2O Gi wewµqv e¨vL¨v
(ii) CuSO4, AlCl3 Gi
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv cÖ‡hvR¨|
Rjxq `ªeY A¤øag©x
(ii) GUv KL‡bvB GwmwWq A·vBW (ii) HCl, H2SO4 cÖf…wZ
Ges Na2CO3 ÿvi ïaygvÎ A·vBW hy³
†hgb- CO2, SO2 Ges ÿvixq †h․M mwbœ‡ek eÜb
mxgve×Zv ag©x e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z – †h․‡Mi †ÿ‡Î G ZË¡
A·vB‡Wi g‡a¨ wewµqv e¨vL¨v MVb K‡i bv| †hUv
cv‡i bv| cÖ‡hvR¨|
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| jyBm ZË¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
(iii) CaO, NH3,
A¨vwg‡bi CaO + SO3  CaSO4 cv‡i bv|
(iii) BF3, AlCl3 Gme †h․M †cÖvUb bv (iii) jyBm ZË¡ GwmW-ÿvi
ÿviag©xZv e¨vL¨v
_vKv m‡Ë¡I GwmW wnmv‡e KvR wewµqvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
K‡i| †hUv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| bq|
eªb‡÷W jvDixi gZev` Abymv‡i NH3 Ges H2O n‡”Q ÿviK wKš‧ Avi‡nwbqvm gZev` Abymv‡i Giv ÿviK bq| ‡R‡b ivLv fvj, GwmW I ÿvi‡Ki g~j mvsMVwbK
cv_©K¨ GKwU †cÖvUb|
 Item- 02: jyBm gZev` (1923):
 jyBm GwmWt jyBm cÖ`Ë gZev` Abymv‡i,
(i) e MÖn‡Y mÿg/ cÖkg GwmW: BF3, BCl3, AlCl3, FeCl3, ZnCl2, B(OH)3, BeCl2
(ii) K¨vUvqwbK jyBm GwmW: Ag+, Ca2+, Cu2+, H+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+
(iii) AavZe A·vBW jyBm GwmW: CO2, SO2, SO3
 jyBm ÿvi: jyBm cÖ`Ë gZev` Abymv‡i,
(i)gy³‡Rvo ev wbtm½ e wewkó ev cÖkg jyBm ÿvi: NH3, PH3, H2O, S, AsH3, NH2NH2, Pyridine
(ii) A¨vbvqwbK jyBm ÿvi: Cl, F, Br, I, CN, OH
(iii) C = C wØ-eÜb wewkó †h․Mmg~n: †h‡Kv‡bv jyBm GwmW A¨vjwK‡b †hvM Ki‡j A¨vjwK‡bi  B‡jKUªb avZe jyBm GwmW Ag+, Cu2+, H+ ci¯úi hy³
n‡q  RwUj †h․M MVb K‡i, myZivs C = C wewkó †h․M jyBm ÿviK|
Ag
Ag + > C = C <  C
+
C
 g‡b ivLv DwPZ: (i) jyBm Gwm‡Wi AóK msKzwPZ _v‡K Ges (ii) jyBm ÿv‡ii AóK cÖmvwiZ ev gy³‡Rvo B‡jKUªb _v‡K|
 Item-03: AbyeÜx A¤ø I AbyeÜx ÿviKt
 ‡Kvb A¤ø †_‡K GKwU †cÖvUb Acmvi‡Yi d‡j †h ÿviK m„wó nq, Zv‡K A‡¤øi AbyeÜx (Conjugate) ÿviK ejv nq| ‡hgbt HNO3 Gi AbyeÜx ÿviK n‡”Q NO3
 ‡Kvb ÿvi‡Ki mv‡_ GKwU †cÖvUb ms‡hv‡Mi d‡j m„ó A¤ø‡K AbyeÜx A¤ø e‡j| †hgbt NO3 ÿvi‡Ki AbyeÜx A¤ø n‡”Q HNO3
AbyeÜx hyMj
HCl (aq) + NH3 (g) NH4+(aq) + Cl- (aq)

A¤ø1 ¶viK2 AbyeÜx A¤ø2 AbyeÜx ¶viK1
AbyeÜx hyMj
 mvg¨ve¯vq `ªe‡Y Dcw¯Z `ywU K‡i A¤ø I ÿviK‡K ci¯ú‡ii AbyeÜx hyMj e‡j|
 CH3COOH cvwbi mv‡_ `~e©j A¤ø, NH3 Gi mv‡_ kw³kvjx A¤ø Avi H2SO4 Gi mv‡_ ÿvi wnmv‡e wµqv K‡i|
‡R‡b ivLv fvjt ‡h A¤ø hZ †ewk kw³kvjx, Zvi AbyeÜx ÿviK ZZ‡ekx `ye©j|
 Item-04: Dfag©x †h․M (amphoteric/amphiprotic) t †h me AYy ev Avqb ¯vb‡f‡` †cÖvUb `vZv I MÖnxZv Dfq wn‡m‡eB AvPiY K‡i Zv‡K Dfag©x †h․M e‡j|
D`vniY: cvwbi Dfawg©Zv e¨vL¨v:
A¤ø ag©: NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH+4 + OH–
‡cÖvUb MÖnxZv †cÖvUb `vZv
ÿvi ag©: H2O + HCl ⇌ H3O+ + Cl–
‡cÖvUb MÖnxZv †cÖvUb `vZv
H2O, HS HCO , HSO , H2PO4, HPO2
- 
3

4 4

, H2PO , HC2O
3 4

we:`ª: H hy³ mKj A¨vbvqb Dfagx© †h․M wn‡m‡e AvPiY K‡i|

 Item-5: A¤ø I ÿvi‡Ki †kªYxwefvM t ‡cÖvUbxq gZev` Abymv‡i A¤ø-ÿviK wZb †kªYx‡Z wef³|
 Chart–01: Rjxq `ªe‡Y wewfbœ ai‡Yi A¤ø I ÿvi‡Ki D`vniY:
A¤ø ÿviK
(i) AvYweK A¤ø :HI,HBr, HCl, HF, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, (i) AvYweK ÿviK: NH3, N2H4, NH2OH, Aliphatic Amine,
H3PO4, H2S, H2O Aromatic Amine, H2O
(ii) K¨vUvqwbK A¤ø: (ii) K¨vUvqwbK ÿviK: [Al(H2O)n1 (OH)]2+, [Cu(H2O)n1 (OH)]+
[Al(H2O)n]3+, NH4+, [Fe(H2O)n]3+, [Cu(H2O)n]2+, H3O+
(iii) A¨vbvqwbK A¤ø : (iii) A¨vbvqwbK ÿviK: I, Br, Cl, F, HSO 4 , SO 24 , HPO24 ,
HSO 4 , H 2 PO4 , HCO3 , HS
CN, HCO3 , CO32 , OH, O2
Chart–02: KZ¸‡jv ARjxq (A‡cvjvi `ªveK) I Zv‡ì cÖK…wZ
`ªveK ¯^fve D`vniY
1| †cÖv‡UvwRwbK ev †cÖvUb `vZv ‡cÖvUb Z¨vM cÖeYZv HF, H2SO4, CH3COOH, HCOOH, HCN I C6H5OH
2| †cÖv‡UvwdwjK ev †cÖvUb MÖvnx ‡cÖvUb MÖnY cÖeYZv NH3, N2H4, NH2OH & Amines
3| A¨vg&&‡dv‡UwiK ev †cÖvU‡bi e¨vcv‡i Dfag©x ‡cÖvUb `vb ev MÖnY cÖeYZv H2O, Alcohols, C6H6, CCl4, CHCl3
4| A¨v‡cÖvwUK ev †cÖvwUb wbi‡cÿ ‡cÖvUb `vb ev MÖn‡Y D`vmxb C2H4Cl2
 Item-06: A¤øZ¡ I ÿviKZ¡:
ÿviKZ¡ A¤øZ¡
‡Kvb Gwm‡Wi GK †gvj Øviv GKwU ÿviK‡K cÖkwgZ Kivi ÿgZvB H ‡Kvb ÿvi‡Ki GK †gvj Øviv KZ…©K GKwU GwmW‡K cÖkwgZ Kivi ÿgZvB H
Gwm‡Wi ÿviKZ¡ ÿvi‡Ki A¤øZ¡
D`vniY : D`vniY :
(i) HCl- ÿviKZ¡ 1; HCl + NaOH= NaCl+H2O (i) NaOH- Gi A¤øZ¡ 1; NaOH +HCl=NaCl+H2O
(ii) H2SO4 ÿviKZ¡ 2 ; H2SO4 + 2NaOH= Na2SO4+2H2O (ii) CaO- Gi A¤øZ¡ 2; CaO + 2HCl = CaCl2 + H2O
(iii) H3PO4 ÿviKZ¡ 3; H3PO4 + 3NaOH= Na3PO4+3H2O (iii) Al(OH)3- Gi A¤øZ¡ 3; Al(OH)3 +3HCl = AlCl3+3H2O
(iv) CO2 Gi ÿviKZ¡ 2; CO2+2NaOH = Na2CO3+H2O (iv) Fe2O3- Gi A¤øZ¡ 6 ; Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2O

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION mwVK DËi: B. cvwb •Zix nq
e¨vL¨v: GwmW I ÿv‡ii cÖkgb wewµqvq me©`v jeb I cvwb Drcbœ nq|
DU
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU jyBm GwmW? [DU-Ka.2017-18; JnU.2009-10; m.‡ev. 2018] RU
A. HNO3 B. H2SO4 C. AlCl3 D. NH3 01. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU jyBm GwmW bq? [RU-Ka,Set-3: 2018-19]
mwVK DËi: C. AlCl3 A. Cu2+ B. SO3 C. BF3 D . Al3+
3+
e¨vL¨v: jyBm GwmWt jyBm cÖ`Ë gZev` Abymv‡i, GK †Rvov B‡jKUªb MÖn‡Y mwVK DËi: D . Al
mÿg c`v_© gvÎB GwmW| SO3, BF3, AlCl3, FeCl3, ZnCl2 Ges mKj e¨vL¨v: jyBm GwmW t GK †Rvov gy³ B‡j±ªb MÖnY K‡i
abvZ¥K Avqb BZ¨vw`| D`vt SO3, BF3, AlCl3, AlCl3 jyBm GwmW n‡jI Al3+ bq
jyBm ÿvit GK †Rvov B‡jKUªb cÖ`v‡b mÿg c`v_© gvÎB jyBm ÿvi| 02. †Kvb †h․MwU †cÖv‡UvwdwjK? [RU-G1.2017-18]
NH3, H2O, CH3 – NH2, Pyridine BZ¨vw`| A. NH3 B. H2PO4 C. H2O D. HCl
02. wb‡¤œi †Kvb&wU AmZ¨? [DU. 2012-13] mwVK DËi: A. NH3
A. NH4+ is the conjugate acid of base NH3 e¨vL¨v: †cÖv‡UvwdwjK ev †cÖvUb MÖvnx (†cÖvUb MÖnY cÖeYZv) †hgb- NH3,N2H4,
B. NH3 and H2O are conjugate pair NH2OH & Amines.
C. OH– is the conjugate base of acid H2O
– 03. †Kvb ZË¡ Abymv‡i Ag+ -GKwU GwmW? [RU-H3.2017-18]
D. OH and H2O are conjugate pair
A. Avi‡nwbqvm B. eªb‡÷W-jvDix C. jyBm D. jv·-d¬vW
mwVK DËi: B. NH3 and H2O are conjugate pair
e¨vL¨v: g‡b ivLvi gRvi †UKwbKt AbyeÜx GwmW ev ÿvi n‡Z n‡j Avqb _vK‡Z mwVK DËi: C. jyBm
n‡e| Dc‡ii PviwU Ack‡bi g‡a¨ B Ack‡b †Kvb Avqb ev PvR© †bB| e¨vL¨v: jyBm gZev` Abyhvqx †m mKj †h․M ev Avqb GK‡Rvov B‡jKUªb MÖn‡Y mÿg
ZvB GwU AbyeÜx GwmW ev ÿvi bq| Zviv GwmW Avi †h mKj †h․M ev Avqb GK‡Rvov B‡jKUªb `v‡b mÿg Zviv ÿvi|
04. Fe2O3 Gi A¤øZ¡ KZ? [RU.2012-13]
JnU
A. 20 B. 3 C. 6 D. 4
01. mvjwdDwiK GwmW (H2SO4) †KvbwUi Dcw¯wZ‡Z ÿviK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i?
[JnU-Ka. 2016-17]
mwVK DËi: C. 6
A. HNO2 B. H3PO4 C. HNO3 D. HClO4 e¨vL¨v: Fe2O3Fe Gi †hvRbx  cigvYyi msL¨v = 32 = 6
mwVK DËi: D. HClO4 05. H2SO4-Gi KbRy‡MU ÿvi ‡KvbwU? [RU. 2012-13]
e¨vL¨v: HClO4 > H2SO4| kw³kvjx GwmW `ªæZ †cÖvUb Z¨vM K‡i| A. SO32– B. H3O+ C. HSO4– D. H3SO3
†Kv‡bv GwmW hLb Zvi A‡cÿv kw³kvjx †Kv‡bv GwW‡mi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K mwVK DËi: C. HSO4–
ZLb †mUv ÿviK wn‡m‡e AvPiY K‡i| e¨vL¨v: †Kv‡bv A¤ø †cÖvUb Z¨vM K‡i †h ÿvi‡K iƒcvšÍwiZ nq †mwU H A‡¤øi
02. eªb‡÷W-jvDix ZË¡ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi †KvbwU GwmW? [JnU.2006-07] AbyeÜxK ÿvi| †mB‡ÿ‡Î H2SO4 †cÖvUb Z¨vM K‡i HSO4– G iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
A. Ggb GKwU †h․M hv †cÖvUb `vb K‡i
06. HClO4 + H2SO4 ⇌ ClO4– + H3SO4+ wewµqvi AbyeÜx ÿviK †KvbwU?
B. Ggb GKwU Avqb hv †cÖvUb `vb K‡i [RU.2009-10]
C. Ggb GKwU †h․M hv †cÖvUb MÖnY K‡i A. HClO4 B. H2SO4 C. ClO4– D. H3SO4
D. Ggb GKwU †h․M ev Avqb hv ‡cÖvUb `vb K‡i| mwVK DËi: C. ClO4–
mwVK DËi: D. Ggb GKwU †h․M ev Avqb hv ‡cÖvUb `vb K‡i| e¨vL¨v: HClO4 ⇌ ClO 4 + H+ A_©vr HClO4 Gwm‡Wi AbyeÜx ÿviK ClO4
e¨vL¨v: mivmwi ZË¡xq msÁv|
07. CuSO4 Gi Rjxq `ªeY: [RU.2009-10]
JU A. wbi‡cÿ B. ÿvixq C. A¤øxq D. †KvbwUB bq
01. †KvbwU GwmW wnmv‡e KvR K‡i? [JU-A9.2017-18]
mwVK DËi: C. A¤øxq
A. FeCl3 B. SF6 C. XaF2 D. CaF2
e¨vL¨v: CuSO4 + H2O = Cu(OH)2+H2SO4 GLv‡b GwmW I ÿv‡ii g‡a¨
mwVK DËi: A. FeCl3
GwmWwU kw³kvjx nIqvq `ªeY n‡e A¤øxq|
e¨vL¨v: jyBm gZev` Abyhvqx †m mKj †h․M GK‡Rvov B‡jKUªb MÖn‡Y mÿg Zviv
08. eªb‡÷W-jvDix gZev‡` †cÖvUb cÖ`v‡bi cÖeYZv Abymv‡i A¤ømg~n KZ
GwmW| †hgb : AlCl3, BF3, FeCl3 BZ¨vw`|
†kªYxfy³ n‡Z cv‡i? [RU.2006-07]
02. †KvbwU g‡bv‡cÖvwUK GwmW? [JU.2010-11]
A. `yB B. wZb C. Pvi D. cvuP
A. H2SO4 B. HCl C. H3PO4 D. None
mwVK DËi: B. HCl mwVK DËi: B. wZb
e¨vL¨v: g‡bv gv‡b-1 Kv‡RB †h GKwU gvÎ †cÖvUb `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i †mwU e¨vL¨v: eªb‡÷W jvDix gZev‡` A¤ømg~n wZb †kªYxf~³|
g‡bv‡cÖvwUK GwmW| A. AvYweK †kªYxi A¤ø B. A¨vbvqwbK †kªYxi A¤ø C. K¨vUvqwbK †kªYxi A¤ø
03. eªb‡÷W msÁv Abymv‡i GwmW n‡”Q Ggb GKwU e¯‧ hv- [JU.2009-10] 09. NaOH, P(OH)3, Ca(OH)2 I HClO4 Gi gv‡S- [RU.2006-07]
A. ‡cÖvUb MÖnY K‡i B. ‡cÖvUb cÖ`vb K‡i A. me¸‡jv ÿvi B. wZbwU ÿvi I GKwU A¤ø
C. B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i D. B‡jKUªb cÖ`vb K‡i C. `y wU ÿvi I `y wU A¤ø D. GKwU ÿvi wZbwU A¤ø|
mwVK DËi: B. ‡cÖvUb cÖ`vb K‡i mwVK DËi: C. `y wU ÿvi I `y wU A¤ø
04. hLb GKwU GwmW ÿviK Øviv cÖkwgZ nq ZLbt [JU.2009-10] e¨vL¨v: ÿvi A¤ø
A. A¨vj‡Kvnj •Zix nq B. cvwb •Zix nq NaOH P(OH)3=H3PO3
C. H+ Gi cwigvY OH– Gi †P‡q †ewk nq D. Dc‡ii me¸‡jvB Ca(OH)2 ClO4H =HClO4
CU 02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU jyBm-GwmW? [CoU-A. 2016-17]
01. A¤ø I ¶vi m¤úwK©Z †Kvb gZev`wU‡Z cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq? [CU. 2019-20] A. 2-wg_vBj-2-weDUvbj B. 2-wg_vBj-1-weDUvbj
A. Dmv‡bvwfP gZev` B. eªb‡óW gZev` C. weDUvbj-2 D. 3-wg_vBj-weDUvbj-1
C. jyBm gZev` D. Avi‡nwbqvm gZev` mwVK DËi: C. weDUvbj- 2
mwVK DËi: D. Avi‡nwbqvm gZev` e¨vL¨v: Ackb A †Z ¯vwbK evav i‡q‡Q| Ackb B Ges D †Z GK cv‡k A¨vjKvBj
e¨vL¨v: Avi‡nwbqvm gZev`wU‡Z cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq| KviY Avi‡nwbqv‡mi MÖæc i‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz Ackb C †Z Dfq cv‡k A¨vjKvBj MÖæc i‡q‡Q ZvB GwU
msÁv‡ZB ejv Av‡Q| †h mKj †h․M Rjxq `ªe‡Y H+ `vb K‡i Zv‡ì‡K GK †Rvov B‡jKUªb MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ZvB GwU jyBm GwmW|
GwmW e‡j| Avi‡nwbqvm gZev` Rjxq `ªeY Qvov Kvh©Ki bq| IU
02. †h c`v_© †cÖvUb `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K GwmW e‡j- GwU A¤ø-ÿvi m¤úwK©Z 01. HCl + H 2 O ⇌ H 3 O +
+ Cl -
wewµqvq- [IU-A.2017-18]
- +
†Kvb ZË¡? [CU-A.2017-18] A. HCl Gi AbyeÜx ÿviK Cl B. H3O Gi AbyeÜx ÿviK H2O
A. Avi‡nwbqvm ZË¡ B. jv·-d¬vW ZË¡ C. jyBm ZË¡ D. eªb‡÷W ZË¡ C. H2O Gi AbyeÜx GwmW H3O+ D. me¸‡jvB
mwVK DËi: D. eªb‡÷W ZË¡ mwVK DËi: D. me¸‡jvB
e¨vL¨v: eªb‡÷W jvDix ev †cÖvUbxq gZev` Abymv‡i- e¨vL¨v:
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
* †hme †h․M ev Avqb Ab¨ c`v_©‡K †cÖvUb `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i †mwU n‡”Q A¤ø|
* Avi †h †h․M ev Avqb Ab¨ c`v_© n‡Z †cÖvUb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i †mwU n‡”Q ÿviK| GwmW ÿvi GwmW
03. HCl+H2O ⇌ H3O +Cl wewµqvwU‡Z AbyeÜx A¤ø-ÿviK †Rvo n‡”Q-
+ -
[CU-G. 2016-17; IU-D. 2016-17] AbyeÜx hyMj

- + + -
A. HCl I H2O B. HCl I Cl C. HCl I H3O D. H3O I Cl 02. jyBm-Gi B‡jKUªbxq gZev‡` ÿviK- [IU-D. 2016-17]
mwVK DËi: B. HCl I Cl- A. CH2=CH2 B. SO2 C. Cl2 D. Ag+
e¨vL¨v: HCl + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + Cl– wewµqvwU‡Z HCl I Cl– AbyeÜx A¤ø I mwVK DËi: A. CH2=CH2
ÿvi hyMj| e¨vL¨v: jyBm GwmW-
04. (i) HNO3, (ii) BF3, (iii) NaCl, (iv) AlCl3 Ges (v) C2H5OC2H5  AóK ms‡KvwPZ †h․M- BF3, SO3
†h․Mmg~‡ni g‡a¨ jyBm A¤ø nj- [CU. 2014-15]  Positive ion- Ag+, Co3+, H+
A. (i) Ges (ii) B. (ii) Ges (v) C. (iii) Ges (iv)  Metal atom such as Ni in the formation of Ni (CO)4
 Central atom Gi ‡hvRbx ¯Íi cÖmvwiZ Ki‡j (SiCl4, SiF4, PCl5)
D. (iv) Ges (v) E. (ii) Ges (iv)
 double/ multiple bond (except C = C)
mwVK DËi: E. (ii) Ges (iv)
 Example: O = C = O, SO2
e¨vL¨v:  jyBm GwmWt jyBm cÖ`Ë gZev` Abymv‡i, 03. GwmW I ÿvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i - [IU. 2010-11; Kz.‡ev. 2017]
(i) GK †Rvov B‡jKUªb MÖn‡Y mÿg c`v_© gvÎB GwmW †hgbt †h․MÑ A.H3O+ B. HSO4– C. NH4+ D. CH3COOH
(SO3, BF3, BCl3, AlCl3, FeCl3, ZnCl2) AóK (d-AiweUvj Lvwj) mwVK DËi: B. HSO4–
m¤cÖmviY wewkó †h․M †hgb- PCl3, SnCl2, SiF4 e¨vL¨v: H2O, HCO3 , HSO 4 Dfag©x †h․‡Mi D`vniY|
+ 2+ 2+ + 2+ 3+ 2+
(ii) abvZ¥K Avqb (Ag , Ca , Cu , H , Fe , Fe , Zn )| DU-7Clg
05. H2O + NH3 ⇌ NH4+ + OH – wewµqvq cvwb GKwU- [CU.2010-2011] 01. HSO4 Gi AbyeÜx GwmW †KvbwU? [7Clg. 2019-20]

A. ÿvi B. wbi‡cÿ ‡h․M A. H3O +
B. HSO3 C. H2SO4 D. SO42
C. AbyeÜx ÿviK D. GwmW E. AbyeÜx GwmW mwVK DËi: C. H2SO4
mwVK DËi: D. GwmW e¨vL¨v: †Kv‡bv ÿviK †cÖvUb MÖnY K‡i †h A‡¤ø iƒcvšÍwiZ nq †mwU H ÿvi‡Ki
e¨vL¨v: GLv‡b cvwb ‡cÖvUb `vZv wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| ZvB cvwb GLv‡b GwmW| AbyeÜx A¤ø| †mB‡ÿ‡Î HSO4– †cÖvUb MÖnY K‡i H2SO4 G iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
06. AbyeÜx GwmW I ÿviK hyM‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wK? [CU.20007-2008] STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
A. GKwU H cigvYy B. GKwU H+ Avqb SUST
C. GKwU AYy cvwb D. GKwU OH Avqb 2- 3-
01. SO4 Ges PO4 AbyeÜx GwmW n‡”Q - [SUST. 2012-13]
mwVK DËi: B. GKwU H+ Avqb A. H2SO4, H2PO4- B. HSO4-,HPO42-
e¨vL¨v: H+ cÖ`vb = A¤ø, H+ MÖnY = ÿviK C. HSO4-,H2PO4- D. H2SO4,H3PO4
2-
07. ÿvi nj Ggb GKwU c`v_© hv GKwU †cÖvUb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i- GwU Kvi E. H 2 SO 4 ,HPO 4
gZev`? [CU.2006-2007]
mwVK DËi: B. HSO4-, HPO42-
A. eªb‡÷W-jvDwi B. AvqwbK gZev` 02. Rjxq `ªe‡Y H+ + OH ⇌ H2O wewµqvwUi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU wg_¨v?
C. jyBm gZev` D. Avi‡nwbqvm gZev` E. †KvbwUB bq [SUST. 2012-13]
A. GwU GKwU AvqwbK wewµqv
mwVK DËi: A. eªb‡÷W-jvDwi
B. wewµqv †k‡l `ªeYwU&i pH Gi gvb 7 nq
CoU C. wewµqv †k‡l `ªeYwUi Zwor cwievwnZv n«vm cvq
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU jyBm-GwmW? [CoU-A. 2016-17] D. wewµqvi d‡j `ªe‡Yi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq
A. H+ B. NH3 C. Cl- D. H2O E. wewµqv †k‡l †dbj&d‡_wjb †hvM Ki‡j `ªeYwU †Mvjvcx eY© aviY K‡i
mwVK DËi: A. H+ mwVK DËi: E.
e¨vL¨v: ‡h‡nZz H+ Avqb B‡jKUªb MÖn‡Y mÿg ZvB GwU jyBm GwmW| e¨vL¨v: Rjxq `ªeY wbi‡cÿ ZvB eY© w`‡e bv|
03. jyBm ÿvi †KvbwU? ASPECT SERIES 
[SUST.2007-2008, BSMRSTU. 2012-13] 07. HA + H2O ⇌ H3O + A wewµqvwU‡Z AbyeÜx A¤ø-ÿviK hyMj
+ –
A. NaOH B. KOH C. A¨v‡gvwbqv D. nvBWªw·j A¨vwgb †KvbwU? [MBSTU-H.2016-17]

mwVK DËi: C. A¨v‡gvwbqv A. HA, H2O B. A, H3O+ C. HA, A– D. H2O, A–
e¨vL¨v: jyBm ÿvit GK †Rvov B‡jKUªb cÖ`v‡b mÿg c`v_© gvÎB jyBm ÿvi| mwVK DËi: C. HA, A –
NH3, H2O, CH3 – NH2, Pyridine BZ¨vw`| BSMRSTU

04. wb‡Pi wewµqvq †KvbwU GwmW, †KvbwU ÿvi? [SUST.07-08]
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU jyBm GwmW? [BSMRSTU-H. 2019-20]
HNO3+2H2SO4 ⇌ H3O +2HSO4 +NO2
 – 
A. H 2 SO 4 B. HNO 3 C. AlCl 3 D. NH3
A. H2SO4 GwmW, HNO3 ÿviK B. H2SO4 ÿviK, HNO3 GwmW mwVK DËi: C. AlCl 3
C. H2SO4 Ges HNO3 `ywUB GwmW wnmv‡e AvPiY K‡i e¨vL¨v: jyBm Gwm‡Wi cÖavb •ewkó¨¸‡jv AóK ms‡KvPb, AlCl3 Gi me©‡kl
D. H2SO4 Ges HNO3 ÿviK K‡ÿ e msL¨v 6wU|
DËit A. H2SO4 GwmW, HNO3 ÿviK
PUST
e¨vL¨v: eªb‡÷W I jvDwii gZev` Abymv‡i †h mKj c`v_© H+ `vb K‡i Zviv –
01. HSO 4 Avq‡bi Aby e Üx ÿviK †KvbwU? [PUST-B.2017-18; Kz.‡ev. 2017]
GwmW Ges hviv H+ MÖnY K‡i Zviv ÿvi| GLv‡b H2SO4 †cÖvUb `vb K‡i + 2- 2-
A. H B. SO 4 C. SO 3 D. H2SO4
HSO4– iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q Ges HNO3 †cÖvUb MÖnY K‡i‡Q| mwVK DËi: B. SO 2-
4
MBSTU +H+ H+

e¨vL¨v: H2SO4  HSO4  SO42
01. †KvbwU wØ-ÿviKxq GwmW? [MBSTU-B. 2019-20]
AbyeÜx A¤ø AbyeÜx ÿvi
A. H3PO2 B. H3PO3 C. H3PO4 D. HCOOH
mwVK DËi: B. H3PO3 CVASU
e¨vL¨v: H3PO4  wÎ-ÿviKxq GwmW  Zzj¨ msL¨v = 3 01. A¤ø ÿvi‡Ki jyBm ZË¡ Abymv‡i A¤ø n‡”Q- [CVASU:2018-19]
H3PO3  wØ-ÿviKxq GwmW  Zzj¨ msL¨v = 2 A. †h cvwb‡Z H+ Avqb w`‡Z cv‡i
H3PO2  GK-ÿviKxq GwmW  Zzj¨ msL¨v = 1 B. †h GKwU †cÖvUb w`‡Z cv‡i
02. †KvbwU Dfag©x (amphoteric) †h․M? [MBSTU-A1.2017-18, m.‡ev. 2018] C. †h GK‡Rvov B‡jKUªb w`‡Z cv‡i
A. H2O B. NH3 C. H3O +
D. HO - D . †h GK‡Rvov B‡jKUªb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i
mwVK DËi: A. H2O mwVK DËi: D. ‡h GK‡Rvov B‡jKUªb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i
-
e¨vL¨v: ‡h mKj †h․M GKB mv‡_ GwmW I ÿvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡ì‡K e¨vL¨v: hviv GK‡Rvov e Z¨vM K‡i = jyBm ÿvi
Dfag©x †h․M e‡j| †hgb- H2O, HCO3-, HSO4- BZ¨vw`|  NH3, H2O, SO2, CH3OH
03. †KvbwU kw³kvjx KbRy‡MU ÿviK? [MBSTU-B1.2017-18, HSTU. 2016-17] hviv GK‡Rvov e- MÖnY K‡i = jyBm GwmW ev A¤ø  BF3, AlCl3, FeCl3
- - 2- -
A. NO3 B. Cl C. SO4 D. CH3COO
- DU Technology
mwVK DËi: D. CH3COO
e¨vL¨v: ‡h GwmW hZ `ye©j Zvi KbRy‡MU ÿvi ZZ †ewk kw³kvjx| 01. NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)  NH 4 (aq)+Cl–(aq) wewµqvwUi AbyeÜx ¶viK
04. †KvbwU jyBm ÿvi? [MBSTU-B1.2017-18, Xv.‡ev. 2015] †KvbwU? [DU-Projukti. 2019-20]
A. H2O B. AlCl3 C. BF3 D. SO3 A. NH3 B. HCl C. NH4 D. Cl–

mwVK DËi: A. H2O mwVK DËi: D. Cl–
e¨vL¨v: GK ev GKvwaK wbtm½ B‡jKUªb †Rvov eZ©gvb Giƒc AYy, cigvYy, g~jK
ev Avqb‡K jyBm ÿvi e‡j| STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
.. ..
.. BUET
.. , CH3–O
†hgb- NH3, H2O .. –H, O
.. H BZ¨vw`| 01. †h cÖkgb wewµqvwU‡Z Avi‡nwbqv‡mi m~Î Abym„Z n‡q‡Q Zv njÑ
05. HCl Gi AbyeÜx ÿviK †KvbwU? [MBSTU-C2.2017-18] [BUET. 2013-14]
 -  + A. NH3(g) + HCl(g) = NH4Cl(g)
A. NH 2 B. Cl C. NH 4 D. H
B. CaO(s) + CO2(g) = CaCO3(s)
mwVK DËi: B. Cl-
C. NH4OH(aq) + HCl(aq) = NH4Cl(aq) + H2O(l)
e¨vL¨v: NH3(aq) + HCl (aq) ⇌ NH4+ + Cl- D. FeO(s) + HCl(aq) = FeCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
mwVK DËi: C. NH4OH(aq) + HCl(aq) = NH4Cl(aq) + H2O(l)
GwmW (AbyeÜx ÿviK) e¨vL¨v: Because HO and H+ are available in the solution|
06. jyBm A¤ø †KvbwU? [MBSTU-A.2016-17] KUET
A. CHF3 B. BF3 C. CaF2 D. HCI 01. †Kvb †Rvov Gwm‡W ZxeªZvi µg fzj? [KUET. 2013-14]
mwVK DËi: B. BF3 A. CH3COOH > CH3CH2COOH B. H2SO3 > H2CO3
e¨vL¨v: †h mKj †h․‡Mi †K›`ªxq cigvYyi ewnt¯Í‡i AvUwUi †_‡K Kg B‡jKUªb C. ClCH2COOH > CH3COOH D. HClO4 > NHO3
_v‡K Zv‡ì AóK ms‡KvPb N‡U Ges G‡ì jyBm GwmW e‡j| Ges E. HF > HCl
G‡ì‡K B‡jK‡UªvdvBj I ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| mwVK DËi: E. HF > HCl
‡hgb : AlCl3, FeCl3,BF3, H3O+, NO2+, SO3 e¨vL¨v: nvB‡WªvwmW Gi †ÿ‡Î A¨vbvq‡bi AvKvi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ ZxeªZv ev‡o|
Tex.Eng.Clg. mwVK DËi: A. NH3
01. Which of the following compound is not a lewis acid? e¨vL¨v: †cÖvUb Avmw³i µg: NH3 (854 kJ/mol) > PH3 (789 kJ/mol) >
[Tex.Eng.Clg. 2019-20] H2S (712 kJ/mol) > H2O (697 kJ/mol)|
A. BF3 B. AlCl3 C. BeCl3 D. BaCl2
mwVK DËi: D. BaCl2 02. †KvbwU mwVK? [MAT:2013-2014]
e¨vL¨v: Lewis acids can accept a pair of electrons from another A. Zxeª Gwm‡Wi Aby e Üx ÿviK Zxeª
chemical species. B. Zxeª Gwm‡Wi AbyeÜx ÿviK `ye©j
In BaCl2, all atoms have their octet filled, leaving no room for C. Zxeª Gwm‡Wi AbyeÜx GwmW Zxeª
incoming pair of electrons.
D. `ye©j Gwm‡Wi AbyeÜx GwmW `ye©j
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION mwVK DËi: B. Zxeª Gwm‡Wi AbyeÜx ÿviK `ye©j
MAT e¨vL¨v: †h A¤ø hZ †ewk kw³kvjx Zvi AbyeÜx ÿviK ZZB `ye©j Ges †h A¤ø
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi †cÖvUb Avmw³ me‡P‡q †ewk? [MAT. 2019-20] hZ †ewk `ye©j Zvi AbyeÜx ÿviK ZZ †ewk kw³kvjx|
A. NH3 B. H2O C. H2S D. PH3
 CONCEPT 11 wgVv cvwbi Drm I mvi‡dm IqvUv‡ii weï×Zvi gvb`Ð

 msÁv t cÖvK…wZK fv‡e cÖvß f~c„‡ôi Dci †h cvwb cvIqv hvq Zv‡K †d«k IqvUvi ev wgwó cvwb ev wgVv cvwb e‡j|
 Item- 01: wgVv cvwbi Drm :
Drm cvwbi cwigvY Z_¨
wngevn I Zzlvi Av”Qvw`Z cvwb 74–75% ‡gvU cvwbi 2% eid wn‡m‡e _v‡K|
e„wói cvwb 0.035% cÖvK…wZK cvwbi g‡a¨ e„wói cvwb mev©‡cÿv weï×|
b`xi cvwb 0.03% e„wói cvwbB cÖavbZ b`x‡Z Av‡m|
f~Mf©¯ cvwb 22.2% Gi Aci bvg LwbR cvwb| G‡Z †Kvb A¨v‡gvwbqv I •Re c`v_© _v‡K bv
 Item- 02: GKbR‡i weï×Zvi gvb`ÐZv mg~nt
c¨vivwgUvi ÷¨vÛvW© gvb(mgL–1) c¨vivwgUvi ÷¨vÛvW© gvb(mgL–1)
LiZv (CaCO3 wn‡m‡e) 200-500 ivmvqwbK Aw·‡Rb Pvwn`v (COD) 4
pH 6.5-8.5 me©‡gvU `ªexf~Z KwVb (TDS) 500
`ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb (DO) 6 ‣Re ivmvqwbK Aw·‡Rb Pvwn`v (BOD) 1–2
 Item- 03: cvwbi LiZvt
¯vqx LiZv A¯vqx LiZv
2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+
Ca , Mg , Al Gi †K¬vivBW, bvB‡UªU I mvj‡dU jeY Ca , Mg , Al , Fe Gi evBKve©‡bU jeY
`~ixKiYt cvigywUU Gi mvnv‡h¨ `~i Kiv hvq Zvc w`‡q ev Ab¨ †Kvb mnR Dcv‡q A¯vqx LiZv `~i Kiv hvq|
we‡kølYMZ c×wZ‡Z EBT wb‡`©k‡Ki Dcw¯wZ‡Z EDTA UvB‡Uªk‡bi wg_vBj A‡iÄ wb‡`©k‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ HCl ev H2SO4 Gi `ªeY Øviv Li cvwbi
gva¨‡g ¯vqx ÿiZvi gvÎv wbY©q Kiv hvq| UvB‡Uªkb K‡i A¯vqx LiZvi gvÎv wbY©q Kiv hvq|
 cvwb‡Z Zzj¨ cwigvY K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU (CaCO3) Gi cwigvY Abymv‡i LiZvi †kªwYwefvM
†kªwYwefvM mg/L or ppm †kªwYwefvM mg/L or ppm
g„`y cvwb (Soft water) 0–17.1 Li cvwb (Hard water) 120–180
Aí Li cvwb (Slightly hard water) 17.1–60 Zxeª Li cvwb (Very hard water) 180 Ges Z`~a©
gvSvwi Li cvwb (Moderately hard water) 60–120
 ‡R‡b ivLv fv‡jvt
 cvwb‡Z Ca2+ I Mg2+ Avq‡bi evBKve©‡bU (HCO3), Kve©‡bU (CO32–) Ges nvB‡Wªv·vBW (OH–) †h․M `ªexf~Z _vK‡j Zv‡ì‡K ÿvixq ev A¨vjKvjvBb
Li cvwb Ges †h mKj cvwb‡Z Ca2+ I Mg2+ Avq‡bi SO42–, NO3–, Cl– jeY `ªexf~Z _v‡K Zv‡ì‡K Aÿvixq ev bb-A¨vjKvjvBb Li cvwb e‡j| †h
cvwbi LiZv hZ †ewk †m cvwb ZZ †ewk Aweï×|
 Item- 04: pH  Z_¨t e„wói cvwbi pH 6.5-7.0
 Item -05: DO (Dissolved Oxygen) :  cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Aw·‡RbB DO  Winkler Av‡qv‡WvwgwZK c×wZ AbymiY K‡i DO cwigvc Kiv nq|
 Item -06: BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) :
 cvwb‡Z Dcw¯Z •Re c`v_©‡K we‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY|
 bxwZt ‡Kv‡bv cvwbi bgybvq BOD Gi gvb 60 ev 60mg/L ej‡Z †evSvq †h, H cvwbi cÖwZ wjUv‡i Dcw¯Z •Re
c`v‡_©i cÖvYivmvqwbK we‡qvR‡bi Rb¨ 60mg Aw·‡Rb cÖ‡qvRb| myZivs Dc‡iv³ cvwbi bgybvq BOD Gi gvb 60|
 BOD Gi gvb I cvwbi ¸Y
BOD cvwbi Ae¯v BOD cvwbi Ae¯v
1-2mg/L LyeB fv‡jv 10mg/L `~lYgvÎv Lvivc
3mg/L ‡gvUgywU fv‡jv 20mg/L `~lYgvÎv LyeB Lvivc
6mg/L WHO Gi Aby‡gvw`Z `~lYgvÎv
 BOD gvb wbY©‡qi mgxKiYt BOD =

D1  D 2   B1  B 2 f mgL1
P
 BOD gvb wbY©‡qi mgxKiYt BOD = Initial DO  Final DO
GLv‡b, P = eëüZ bgybvi `kwgK fMœvsk, f = bgybv cvwbi mv‡_ wbqwš¿Z cvwbi AbycvZ|
eR©¨ cvwbi Drm BOD (ppm, mg, mg/L-1) eR©¨ cvwbi Drm BOD (ppm, mg, mg/L-1)
wgDwbwmcvj (M„n¯vjx) eR©¨ cvwb 100-400 KvMR wk‡íi eR¨© cvwb 10,000 – 15,000
‡WBwi wk‡íi eR©¨ cvwb 2000-5000 Lv`¨ wk‡íi eR©¨ cvwb 5000-10,000
 Item- 07: CODChemical Oxygen Demand
 `~wlZ cvwb‡Z Dcw¯Z •Re Ges A‣Re †h․‡Mi RviY cÖwµqvq M„wnZ Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY‡K COD e‡j|
 COD wbY©‡qi mgq RviK wn‡m‡e A¤øxq K2Cr2O7 eënvi Kiv nq|
 COD wbY©‡qi mgxKiYt COD 
V1  V2  M  8 1000 mg .L1
X
GLv‡b, V1 I V2 h_vµ‡g blank gvcb I cixÿYxq gvc‡b eëüZ †gv‡ii jeY `ªe‡Yi AvqZb, X cixÿvi Rb¨ M„nxZ
bgybvi AvqZb, M = †gvi je‡Yi NbgvÎv| ‡d‡ivBb (Ferroin) `ªeY = 1.485g
 Item- 08: BOD I COD Gi g‡a¨ Zzjbvt
BOD COD
BOD cixÿv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z 4–5 w`b mgq jv‡M| COD cixÿv K‡qK NÈvq (2–3) m¤úbœ Kiv hvq|
BOD wbY©‡qi GKK mg/L ev ppm COD wbY©‡qi GKK mg/L ev ppm
weï× cvwbi BOD Gi gvb 1ppm COD, BOD A‡cÿv AwaKZi weÁvb m¤§Z|
 Item- 09: TDS: Total dissolved solid
 †Uªm †g․j¸‡jvi Dcw¯wZ kbv³ Kiv hvq wKš‧ cwigvY wbY©q Kiv hvq bv|
 TDS Gi AšÍ©f~³ cÖavb ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb n‡jv Ñ Ca2+, Na+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, N12+, Co3+, Pb2+, As3+
BZ¨vwì mvjdvBU I Aí cwigvY `ªexf~Z jeY|
 cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb †Uªm †g․j¸‡jv n‡jv Pb, Cd, As I Hg G¸‡jv QvovI Ca2+, K+, Na+, PO4, Cl– I NO3–
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
cwievwnZv cwigvcb wgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ TDS cwigvc Kiv nq|
 wek^ ¯^v¯¨ ms¯v (WHO) Aby‡gvw`Z cvwbi MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvb`Ð|

gvb`Ð (WHO) Aby‡gvw`Z m‡e©v”P gvÎv gvb`Ð (WHO) Aby‡gvw`Z m‡e©v”PgvÎv
pH 6.5 8.5 TDS 500 ppm
DO 5.0  6.0 Ca2+ 100 ppm
LiZv:
BOD 6.0 ppm (mgL1) Mg2+ 150 ppm
COD 10.0 ppm (mgL1) NaCl 500 ppm
 cvwb‡Z Dcw¯Z †Uªm †g․‡ji cwigv‡Yi QKt

cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb †Uªm †g․‡ji bvg cwigvY cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb †Uªm †g․‡ji bvg cwigvY
‡jW (Pb) 0.1mg.L–1 gviKvwi (Hg) 0.001mg.L–1
K¨vWwgqvg (Cd) 0.01mg.L–1 Av‡m©wbK (As) 0.05mg.L–1 (evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨)
we:`ª: ms¯v EPA (Environment Protection Agency) Gi g‡Z: (i) cvwbi Av`k© TDS Gi gvb 500ppm
(ii) TDS Gi gvb 1000ppm Gi g‡a¨ n‡j fv‡jv|
(iii) wKš‧ TDS Gi gvb 1000ppm Gi †ewk n‡j †m cvwb eënv‡ii A‡hvM¨ nq|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœt wgVv cvwbi pH mxgv KZ Gi g‡a¨? Dt 6.5–8.5 Dchy³?

cÖkœt cÖvK…wZK cvwbi g‡a¨ ‡Kvb cvwbB me©v‡cÿv weï× wgVv cvwb? Dt e„wói cvwb cÖkœt c„w_exi †gvU cvwbi KZfvM gvby‡li eënvi Dc‡hvMx Dt 1%|
cÖkœt f~-c„‡ôi cÖvq KZfvM c`v_© cvwb Dt 75%| cÖkœt Avgiv †h cvwb cvb K‡i _vwK Zvi pH gvb KZ Dt 6.5-8.5|
cÖkœt †gvU cvwbi kZKiv KZ fvM mgy‡`ªi cvwb Dt 97%| cÖkœt BOD I COD Gi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki? Dt Concept-3; Item-07
cÖkœt PÆMÖv‡gi †Kvb b`x‡Z gv‡Qi wWg cvovi Rb¨ Dt nvj`v|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 02. †Kvb cvwbi TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) Gi gvb KZ AwZµg
Ki‡j, Zv cv‡bi Dc‡hvMx _v‡K bv? [CU. 2019-20]
JnU
A. 500 ppm B. 450 ppm
01. Av`k© cvwbi BOD Gi cwimxgv KZ? C. 1000 ppm D. 100 ppm
[JnU-Ka. 2016-17; MBSTU 2016-17, iv.†ev. 2016]
mwVK DËi: C. 1000 ppm
A. 8-12 mgL-1 B. 1-4 mgL-1
-1 e¨vL¨v: WHO KZ…©K cvwbi MÖnY †hvM¨ gvÎv:
C. 4-8 mgL D. 12-16 mgL-1
mwVK DËi: B. 1-4 mgL -1 PH 6.5-8.5 TDS 500 ppm
e¨vL¨v: Av`k© cvwbi BOD  1-4 mgL-1 (Ref. Kexi) DO 5.0-6.0 Ca2+ 100 ppm
-1 BOD 6.0 ppm Mg2+ 150 ppm
1-2 mgL (Ref. gvnveye nvmvb wjsKb)
COD 10.0 ppm NaCl 500 ppm
JU cvwbi TDS 1000ppm Gi †ewk n‡j cvwbi A‡hvM¨ nq|
01. cvwb‡Z AYyRxe †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ DO Gi cwigvY _v‡KÑ [JU-A.2019-20] 03. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK bq? [CU-Ka.2016-17]
A. 2–3 ppm B. 4–8 ppm C. 6–15 ppm D. 20–30 ppm
A. mgy‡`ªi cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z NaCl Gi cwigvY 2.6%
mwVK DËi: B. 4–8 ppm
B. A¯vqx Li cvwb‡Z Ca, Mg I Fe Gi evBKve©‡bU jeY `ªexf~Z _v‡K
02. c„w_exi †gvU cvwbi KZfvM gvby‡li eënvi Dc‡hvMx? [JU.2017-18]
C. ‡iwRb cvwb †_‡K K¨vUvqb I A¨vbvqb AcmviY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
A. 10% B. 8% C. 3% D. 1%
mwVK DËi: D. 1% D. ch©vq mviwYi 4_© I 5g ch©v‡qi cÖwZwU‡Z 18wU †g․j Av‡Q
03. †KvbwUi cÖfv‡e Dw™¢‡ì mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqv evavMÖ¯ nq? [JU-A9.2017-18] E. EDTA n‡”Q Bw_wjbWvBA¨vwgb †UUªvA¨v‡mwUK GwmW
A. CO2 B. SO2 C. NO2 D. SiO2 mwVK DËi: C. †iwRb cvwb †_‡K K¨vUvqb I A¨vbvqb AcmviY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
mwVK DËi: B. SO2 04. GKwU b`xi cvwbi `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb (DO) Gi gvb 2mgL-1| ¸YMZfv‡e
e¨vL¨v: evqy‡Z SO2 †ewk n‡j Dw™¢`‡Kvl aŸsm n‡q cvZv kywK‡q hvq| meyR D³ b`xi cvwb gvQ Ges Ab¨vb¨ RjR cÖvYxi Rb¨.....| [CU-Ka.2016-17]
†K¬v‡ivwdj bó n‡q hvq G‡K †K¬v‡ivwmm ejv nq| †K¬v‡ivwm‡mi d‡j A. fvj B. Lvivc C. AZ¨šÍ fvj
Dw™¢‡ì mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqv evav MÖ¯ nq| D. AZ¨šÍ Lvivc E. †KvbwUB bq
04. WHO -Gi g‡Z cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z RjR cÖvwYi mnvqK BOD KZ mg/L? mwVK DËi: D. AZ¨šÍ Lvivc
[JU-D9.2017-18] e¨vL¨v: b`xi †gvnbvq DO Gi gvb 6mg/L Gi †ewk _v‡K| ZvB hw` b`xi cvwbi
A. 10 B. 6 C. >6 D. <6 DO Gi gvb 2mg/L nq Zv gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ RjR cÖvYxi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Lvivc|
mwVK DËi: D. <6 05. mgy‡`ªi cvwb‡Z †K¬vivB‡Wi NbZ¡ (g/ml) KZ? [CU-1. 16-17, JUST. 16-17]
05. mvi‡dm IqvUv‡ii weï×Zvi gvb`Ð n‡jv : [JU-A. 2016-17]
A. 1.16 B. 2.56 C. 5.22 D. 6.22 E. 7.98
i. TDS ii. pH iii. DO; wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? mwVK DËi: C. 5.22
A. ii I iii B. ii C. i I iii D. i,ii I iii
e¨vL¨v: Na+ = 2.56, Cl– = 5.22
mwVK DËi: D. i,ii I iii
06. COD cvwbi- [CU-F. 2015-16]
RU
A. `~l‡Yi cwigvcK B. weï×Zvi cwigvcK
01. WHO Gi gvb`Ð g‡Z eY©nxb I MÜnxb cvwbi pH mxgv KZ?
C. BOD Gi cwic~iK D. Dc‡ii me KwU E. ‡KvbwUB bq
[RU-F3.2017-18]
A. 6.5-8.5 B. 7.0-8.0 C. 5.5-7.5 D. 7.5-8.5 mwVK DËi: D. Dc‡ii me KwU
mwVK DËi: A. 6.5-8.5 KU
e¨vL¨v: WHO-Gi gvb`Ð Abymv‡i cvbxq R‡ji †ÿ‡Î Av`k© pH gvb 6.5 - 8.5 01. bgybv cvwb‡Z DO Gi gvb 6 ppm n‡j cÖwZ 1000 kg cvwb‡Z DO Gi
nIqv evÂbxq| cwigvY KZ MÖvg? [KU. 2019-20]
02. GKwU cyKz‡ii cvwbi DO Gi gvb 4.0 cvwbwU nj- A. 0.006 B. 0.06 C. 0.6 D. 6.0
[RU-H2. 2017-18, BSMRSTU 2017-18; IU 2017-18; iv.‡ev. 2018, 2016]
mwVK DËi: D. 6.0
A. weï× cvwb B. `~wlZ cvwb
e¨vL¨v: 6 ppm K_vwUi A_© n‡jv- 6 mgL–1
C. g„`y cvwb D. ÿvixq cvwb
A_©vr 1kg ev 1L G O2 Gi cwigvY = 6 mg
mwVK DËi: A. weï× cvwb
 1000 kg ev 1000 L G O2 Gi cwigvY = 6  1000
e¨vL¨v: Av`k© cvwbi DO Gi cwimxgv 4-8 mgL-1/4-8 ppm
= 6000 mg = 6g
CU
IU
01. GKwU b`xi cvwbi `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb (DO) Gi gvb 2.0 mgL–1|
¸YMZfv‡e D³ b`xi cvwb gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ RjR cÖvYxi †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨- 01. EPA cvwbi ÷¨vÛvW© TDS Gi gvb- [IU. 2019-20]
[CU-A.2019-20] A. 500 ppm B. 300 ppm C. 200 ppm D. 100 ppm
A. fv‡jv B. Lvivc C. AZ¨šÍ fv‡jv D. AZ¨šÍ Lvivc mwVK DËi: A. 500 ppm
mwVK DËi: D. AZ¨šÍ Lvivc e¨vL¨v: EPA (Environment Protection Agency) Gi g‡Z Av`k© TDS Gi
e¨vL¨v: b`xi cvwbi `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb (DO) Gi gvb 2.0 mg/L n‡j D³ b`xi gvb n‡jv 500 ppm| mvwe©Kfv‡e TDS Gi gvb 1000 ppm Gi g‡a¨ n‡j
cvwb gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ RjR cÖvYxi †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Lvivc| fv‡jv| wKš‧ Zv 1000 ppm Gi †ewk n‡j †m cvwb eënvi A‡hvM¨ nq|
02. †h †h․M eënv‡ii d‡j Mfxi bjK~‡ci cvwb †_‡K Av‡m©wbK AcmviY Kiv ASPECT SERIES 
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
hvq- [IU-A.2017-18]
CUET
A. CH3OH B. A¨vjywgbv C. KI D. Fe A·vB‡Wi b¨v‡bv KYv
01. †Kvb gvcKvwV eR©¨ cvwbi `~l‡Yi gvÎv wbY©‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq?[CUET. 2015-16]
mwVK DËi: D. Fe A·vB‡Wi b¨v‡bv KYv
A. LiZv B. DO C. BOD D. COD E. TDS
e¨vL¨v: Avqib A·vB‡Wi b¨v‡bv KYvi mvnv‡h¨ Mfxi bjK‚‡ci cvwb‡Z Dcw¯Z
mwVK DËi: A. LiZv
As3+, CCl4 AcmviY K‡i weï× I `~lYgy³ cvwb mieivn Kiv nq|
03. cvwbi •Re Ac`ªe¨ Rvi‡Yi Rb¨ eëüZ Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY wb‡`©kK †KvbwU?
e¨vL¨v: LiZv eR©¨ cvwb `~l‡Yi gvÎv wbY©‡q Zzjbv g~jK A‡bK Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
[IU. 2015-16] Gi †P‡q DO, BOD, COD I TDS AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
A. DO B. BOD C. COD D. TDS
mwVK DËi: B. BOD STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
Agriculture MAT
01. †Kvb Avq‡bi jeY `ªexf‚Z _vK‡j cvwb ¶vixq nq? [BAU. 2018-19] 01. wb‡Pi †Kvb c×wZ cvwbi ¯vqx LiZv `~i Kivi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv hvq bv?
A. K+ B. Na+ C. Ca2+ D. Zn2+ [MAT. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: C. Ca2+ A. dzUšÍKiY B. cvZb
C. Sodium carbonate ms‡hvRb D. Caustic soda ms‡hvRb
e¨vL¨v: Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+ I Fe2+ Gi †K¬vivBW, bvB‡UªU I mvj‡dU jeY
mwVK DËi: A. dzUšÍKiY
cvwb‡Z `ªexf‚Z n‡j cvwb‡Z ¯vqx ÿiZv nq|
e¨vL¨v: dzUšÍKi‡Yi gva¨‡g †Kej cvwbi A¯vqx LiZv `~i Kiv hvq|
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION 02. wb‡Pi †Kvb Z_¨wU mwVK bq? [MAT.2016-17]
JUST A. mvi‡dm IqvUv‡i HNO3 GwmW `ªeYxq _v‡K

01. †Kvb ai‡Yi `~lK cvwbi DO Gi gvÎv Kgvq? [JUST-C: 2019-20] B. Li cvwb‡Z Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ `ªeYxq _v‡K
A. A‣Re `~lK B. ‣Re `~lK C. †ZRw®…q `~lK D. e¯‧KYv C. weï× cvwbi pH 7.00
mwVK DËi: B. ‣Re `~lK D. 25C ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi pH 6.5- 8.5 Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡j cvwb eY©nxb I MÜnxb nq
02. cvwbi weï×Zv cwigv‡ci gvb`Ð bq †KvbwU? [JUST. 2018-19; wm. †ev. 2017] mwVK DËi: A. mvi‡dm IqvUv‡i HNO3 GwmW `ªeYxq _v‡K
A. SDS B. DO C. BOD D. pH e¨vL¨v: 1. mvi‡dm IqvUvi n‡jv b`x-bvjv, Lvj-wej, n«`, †jK, cyKzi, Sibv
mwVK DËi: A. SDS BZ¨vwì cvwb| hw` cwi‡ek `~wlZ bv nq Z‡e Gi pH Gi gvb 6.7-7.4
e¨vL¨v: cvwbi weï×Zv cwigv‡ci gvb`Ð- pH, cvwbi LiZv, DO, BOD, COD g‡a¨ _v‡K A_©vr pH wbi‡cÿ nq| hw` Gi g‡a¨ HNO3 _vK‡Zv Z‡e
I TDS| GwU A¤øag© cÖ`k©b Ki‡Zv| ZvB A bs AckbwU mwVK bq|
03. cÖvK…wZK cvwbi g‡a¨ ‡Kvb Dr‡mi cvwb me©v‡cÿv weï×? [JUST.2017-18] 2. cvwb‡Z mvavibZ Ca2+, Mg2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ cÖf…wZ jeY `ªexf~Z
A. wngevn I Zzlvi B. b`xi cvwb C. e„wói cvwb D. Sibvi cvwb _vK‡j cvwb Li nq| cvwbi LiZv `yB ai‡bi - i. ¯vqx ii. A¯vqx
mwVK DËi: C. e„wói cvwb ¯vqx LiZv: cvwb‡Z Ca2+, Mg2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ cÖf„wZi †K¬vivBW I
e¨vL¨v: cÖvK…wZK cvwbi g‡a¨ e„wói cvwbB me©v‡cÿv weï× wgVv cvwb| GK ckjv mvj‡dU jeY `ªexf~Z _vK‡j cvwbi ¯vqx LiZvi m„wó nq| ¯vqx LiZv
e„wói c‡i e„wói cvwb A‡cÿvK…Z weï× nq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ e„wói cvwbB n‡jv EDTA (wK‡jwUs G‡R›U) w`‡q `~i Kiv nq|
cÖvK…wZK cvwZZ cvwb| A¯vqx LiZv: cvwb‡Z Ca2+, Mg2+ Gi evBKve©‡bU jeY _vK‡j cvwb
04. GKwU Rjvk‡qi cvwbi •RweK Aw·‡Rb Pvwn`v (BOD) Gi gvb 420 n‡j A¯vqx Li nq| A¯vqx Li dzwU‡q `~i Kiv nq|
¸YMZfv‡e D³ Rjvk‡qi cvwb- [JUST-B.2017-18; CU. 2015-16]
DAT
A. fv‡jv B. Lvivc C. AZ¨šÍ Lvivc D. ‡KvbwUB bq
01. evsjv‡`‡k wgVv cvwbi cÖavb Drm †KvbwU? [DAT. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: C. AZ¨šÍ Lvivc
–1 A. mgy‡`ªi cvwb B. b`xi cvwb
e¨vL¨v: BOD G m‡e©v”P MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎv 10 ppm (mgL )
C. f~Mf©¯ cvwb D. cyKz‡ii cvwb
HSTU mwVK DËi: C. f~Mf©¯ cvwb
01. ‡h cvwb‡Z AwZ Aí cwigv‡Y eR©¨ c`v_© `ªexf~Z _v‡K Zvi pH KZ? e¨vL¨v: Concept-11, Item-01 `ªóe¨|
[HSTU.2017-18]
02. WHO Aby‡gvw`Z cvwbi `~l‡Yi COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
A. 6.5 – 8.5 B. 7.5 – 9.5 C. 8 – 10 D. 8.5 – 10.5
mwVK DËi: A. 6.5 – 8.5 Gi m‡e©v”P gvÎv KZ? [DAT- 2018-19]
A. 20.0 mg/l B. 15.0 mg/L
e¨vL¨v: †h cvwb‡Z Aí cwigv‡Y eR©¨ c`v_© `ªexf~Z _v‡K Zv‡KB wgVv cvwb e‡j|
C. 10.0 mg/L D. 05.0 mg/L
Avgiv cÖwZw`b †h cvwb cvb Kwi GwUB wgVv cvwb Ges Gi pH 6.5-8.5| mwVK DËi: C. 10.0 mg/L
02. cvwb‡Z DO (Dissolved Oxygen) wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb `ªeY †hvM Kiv 03. WHO – Gi gvb`‡Û 25°C ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi cwimi pH KZ _vKv DwPZ?
nq? [HSTU-B.2016-17] [DAT. 2017-18; JU-D 2019-20]
– –
A. Cl B. I C . weøwPs cvDWvi D. H2SO4 A. 6.5 – 8.2 B. 6.5 – 8.5
mwVK DËi: B. I– C. 7.0 – 7.5 D. 5.5 – 7.5
e¨vL¨v: cvwb‡Z DO wbY©‡qi g~jbxwZ (DBsKjvi cÖYvjx) G c×wZ‡Z g¨v½vwbR mwVK DËi: B. 6.5 – 8.5
(Mn2+) je‡Yi mv‡_ bgybv cvwbi RviY NUv‡bv nq| RviY wewµqvi d‡j e¨vL¨v: WHO – Gi gvb`‡Ð 25°C ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi pH mxgv 6.5 – 8.5 _vKv
Mn2+ Avqb Mn4+ G cwiYZ nq| Ae‡k‡l Mn4+ ‡K Av‡qv‡WvwgwZK DwPZ| ZLb cvwb eY©nxb I MÜnxb n‡e| RjR cÖvYxi Rb¨ cvwbi AbyK~j
Abygvc‡bi gva¨‡g DO Gi cwigvY wbiƒcY Kiv nq| pH n‡jv 7.0 – 7.5|
Board Ques. e¨vL¨v: TDS cwigv‡ci mnRc×wZ n‡”Q cwievwnZv cwigvcb wgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨
01. cvwbi weï×Zvi gvb`Ð wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Dci wbf©i K‡i? [mw¤§wjZ. †ev. 2018] Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZv cwigvc Kiv hv cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb Avq‡bi Dcw¯wZ
A. DOM B. BOD C. COB D. STD wba©viY K‡i| Z‡e wkíeR©¨ ev ‡c․i GjvKvi ‡Wª‡bi eR¨© cvwb‡Z D”PgvÎvi
mwVK DËi: B. BOD TDS _v‡K weavq Gi cwigvY figvwÎK fv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq|
e¨vL¨v: cvwbi weï×Zvi gvb`Ð A‡bK¸‡jv wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i| Gi g‡a¨ 03. cvwb‡Z ‡KvbwU `ªexf~Z _vK‡j cvwb ¯vqx Li nq?
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv- LiZv, pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS BZ¨vw`| A. evBKve©‡bU jeY mg~n B. ‡K¬vivBW I mvj‡dU jeY mg~n
02. †c․i GjvKvi ‡Wª‡bi eR©¨ cvwb‡Z Dcw¯Z TDS Kxfv‡e cwigvc Kiv nq? C. bvB‡UªU jeYmg~n D. M¨vmxq Dcv`vbmg~n
A. figvwÎK fv‡e B. AvqZbgvwÎK fv‡e [P.‡ev. 2016] mwVK DËi: B. ‡K¬vivBW I mvj‡dU jeY mg~n
C. M¨vmxq Dcv‡q D. K¨vjwiwgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v: cvwb‡Z evBKve©‡bU jeYmg~n `ªexf~Z _vK‡j A¯vqx Ges ‡K¬vivBW I
mwVK DËi: A. figvwÎK fv‡e mvj‡dU `ªexf~Z _vK‡j ¯vqx LiZv cÖvß nq|
 CONCEPT 12 wkíeR¨© I cvwbi `~lY
 Item 01: wkíeR¨© I cvwb `~l‡Yi cÖfve :
wkí eR¨© cvwb `~l‡Yi cÖfve
 ‡K¬vi-A¨vjK¨vwj wkí  ÿvi, †K¬vwib BZ¨vw`  cvwb `yM©Ü nq, ¯^vfvweK is bó nq Ges DO Gi cwigvY K‡g|
 KuvP I wmivwgK wkí  ‡d¬vivBW, NOx, SOx, HCl, HF, As,  cvwb `~M©Ü nq I eY© †Nvjv‡U nq Ges DO & pH K‡g hvq|
Pb, Zn, Cd, B I Wv÷
 wm‡g›U wkí  SO2, NOx, CO2, HCl, Hg I wm‡g›U Wv÷  ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z DO K‡g hvq d‡j mvqvbvBW RvBwjb Gi welwµqv †e‡o hvq|
G‡Z dzmdzm I Mjbvjxi ÿwZ nq|
 mvevb wkí  ÿvi, †K¬vwib, Pwe©, MÖxR BZ¨vw`|  cvwbi `~M©Ü I ¯^vfvweK eY© webó nq Avi ÿvihy³ nIqvq BOD & COD e„w× cvq|
 wWUvi‡R›U wkí  ÿvi weìvi, wdjvi, dm‡dU †h․M BZ¨vw`|  cvwbi c„ôUvb n«vm K‡i|
 dm‡dU, †mvnvMv cvwbi is bó K‡i Ges Rjvk‡q BD‡Uªvwd‡Kkb nq|
 gÐ I KvMR wkí  mvjdvBU, †dbj, Cl2, wg_vBj gviK¨vcUvb,  cvwbi pH cwieZ©b nq Ges Kv‡jv eY© aviY K‡i|
†c›Uv‡K¬v‡iv‡dbj BZ¨vw`|  DO n«vm cvq| G‡Z mv‡jvKms‡kølY wewNœZ nq|
 Pvgov wkí  `ªeYxq †cÖvwUb (A¨vjeywgb), •Re e¯‧, welv³  pH cwieZ©b nq, U¨vbvwi wk‡í MÜ nq|
Cr, cÖPzi jeY, a~wj-gqjv, †Mvei I  BOD e„w× cvq DO n«vm cvq|
U¨vwbK GwmW
 B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs wkí  ÿviK, GwmW, Cu, Na, Ni, Cr, Pb, Zn,  •RweK cÖwµqvq evav I RjR Rxe‡bi ÿwZ nq|
I Hg  pH wePz¨Z nq Ges mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqv e¨vnZ nq|
‡R‡b ivLv fvj: BD‡Uªvwd‡Kkbt M„n¯vjx‡Z Rvgv Kvco ev evmbcÎ cwi®‥vi Kivi Rb¨ eëüZ wWUvi‡R‡›Ui g~j Dcv`vb n‡jv dm‡dU †h․M| GB dm‡dU
†h․M my‡q‡Ri gva¨‡g wewfbœ Rjvk‡q mwÂZ n‡j †mLvbKvi •kevj RvZxq Dw™¢‡ì †cvlK Lv‡`ï cwigvY e„w× cvq Ges cvwb‡Z •kevj mv¤ªvR¨ (Algae
bloom) •Zwi nq| ‣kev‡ji GB nv‡i e„w×‡K BD‡Uªvwd‡Kkb e‡j|
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœt fvix avZz n‡Z gveb‡`‡n †h †iv‡Mi m„wó nq? Dt K¨vÝvi| cÖkœt Rwg‡Z AwZwi³ BDwiqv mvi eënvi Ki‡j cvwb‡Z Dt bvB‡UªU|
cÖkœt cvwbi pH KZ n‡j Zv Rx‡ei Rb¨ cÖvYbvkK?Dt 4.5 Gi Kg I 9.5 A‡cÿv †ewk| AeëüZ †Kvb g~jK †_‡K hvq?
cÖkœt me‡P‡q †ewk B-eR©¨ †dj‡Q †Kvb †`k? Dt hy³ivóª| cÖ
k œ t nvRvixevM †_‡K Pvgov I PvgovRvZ mKj wkí
KviLvbv †Kv_vq ¯vbvšÍ‡ii bxwZMZ wm×všÍ nq? Dt mvfv‡i|
cÖkœt mvevb I wWUvi‡R›U n‡Z †Kvb ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb?Dt dm‡dU|
cÖkœt cwi®‥viK wnmv‡e ms‡køwlZ wWUvi‡R›U eënv‡ii cwie‡Z© Kx eënvi Ki‡j
cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z n‡q me‡P‡q †ewk cvwb `~lY NUvq? cvwb `~lY n«vm cv‡e? Dt ev‡qvwW‡MÖ‡Wej wWUvi‡R›U|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION e¨vL¨v: Zvc we`y¨r Drcv`b †K‡›`ª eY©nxb I A¤øxq MÜhy³ `~lYKvix SO2 I SO3
Drcbœ nq| G me evqy `~lK GwmW e„wó NUvq| bv‡K I †Pv‡L R¡vjv,
JnU
k¦vmbvwj‡Z cÖ`vn Ges eªsKvBwUm I nuvcvwb †ivM m„wó K‡i|
01. cÖ¯ÍvweZ ivgcvj we`y¨r‡K‡›`ª cÖavb `~lYKvix Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
[JnU-Ka. 2016-17]
02. U¨vbvwi wkíKviLvbv †_‡K wbM©Z †Kvb eR©¨wU cvwb `~l‡Yi cÖavb Drm?
[JnU-Ka. 2016-17]
A. CO B. SO3
C. NH3 D. CO2 A. †µvwgqvg B. Kcvi C. wRsK D. †jW
mwVK DËi: B. SO3 mwVK DËi: A. †µvwgqvg
JU mwVK DËi: B. Eutrophication

01. gvK©vwi m„ó cÖavb ¯^v¯¨ SzuwK wK? [JU-A9.2017-18] STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
A. wKWwb‡Z mgm¨v B. wjfv‡i mgm¨v
JUST
C. A‡¯¿ mgm¨v D. mœvqyZ‡š¿ mgm¨v
01. h‡kv‡ii KZ kZvsk f~-Mf©¯ cvwb‡Z Av‡m©wbK `~lYgvÎv 50 mgL–1 Gi †ewk?
mwVK DËi: D. mœvqyZ‡š¿ mgm¨v
[JUST-A: 2018-19]
e¨vL¨v: gvK©vwi m„ó cÖavb ¯^v¯¨SzuwK nj ¯øvqyZ‡š¿ mgm¨v GQvovI gv_v aiv, †c‡U A. 96% B. 66% C. 51% D. 49%
e¨_v, Dìvgq I wKWwb mgm¨v †`Lv hvq| mwVK DËi: C. 51%
02. †KvbwUi †ÿ‡Î †nbixi m~Î cÖ‡hvR¨? [JU-D3.2017-18] e¨vL¨v: weªwUk wRIjwRKvj mv‡f© KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvi
A. HCl B. NH3 C. SO3 D. CO2
Av‡m©wbK `~lYhy³ (>50mgl-1) f‚-Mf©¯ cvwbi kZKiv cwigvY|
mwVK DËi: D. CO2
†Rjv % f‚-Mf©¯ cvwb †Rjv % f‚-Mf©¯ cvwb
e¨vL¨v: ‡h mKj M¨vm cvwb‡Z ¯^í gvÎvq `ªeYxq Zv‡ì †ÿ‡Î †nbixi m~Î
XvKv 37% ‡bvqvLvjx 75%
cÖ‡hvR¨| †hgb- O2, N2, CO2, Ar BZ¨vw`|
03. gvbe‡`‡n †KvbwUi Avwa‡Kï Kvi‡Y A¨vwbwgqv n‡Z cv‡i? [JU-D9.2017-18] †MvcvjMÄ 94% cvebv 17%
A. Fe 2+
B. Zn 2+
C. Cr 3+
D. Na 2+ h‡kvi 51% ivRkvnx 6%
mwVK DËi: C. Cr3+ Lyjbv 32% wm‡jU 19%
e¨vL¨v: AwaK Cr3+ `~l‡Yi d‡j RBC †Z †j․n (Fe2+) †kvlY evav cvq| d‡j HSTU
wn‡gv‡Møvweb •Zwi‡Z evav m„wói Kvi‡Y A¨vwbwgqv ev i³k~Y¨Zv †ivM †`Lv hvq| 01. †K¬vwibhy³ •Re `ªveK mg~‡ni ev®ú k¦v‡mi m‡½ kix‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡j Zv
RU wb‡Pi †Kvb A‡½i we‡kl ÿwZmvab K‡i? [HSTU-D.2017-18]
01. †KvbwU †jW `~l‡Yi cÖfve bq? [RU-C3.2017-18] A. wjfvi B. wKWbx
A. d¨vwU wjfvi B. `vu‡Zi gvwo bxjvf nIqv C. nvU© D. ‡eªBb
C. i³k~b¨Zv D. Mf©eZx gwnjvi g„Z mšÍvb cÖme mwVK DËi: A. wjfvi
mwVK DËi: A. d¨vwU wjfvi e¨vL¨v: n¨v‡jv‡Rbhy³ †h․M †hgb †K¬v‡ivdig, Kve©b ‡UUªv‡K¬vivBW, †K¬v‡ivwg‡_b
e¨vL¨v: Pb- Gi cÖfvemg~n nj :- ev †K¬v‡ivB‡_b j¨ve‡iUwii †Wª‡b ev Db¥y³ ¯v‡b cwiZ¨vM Ki‡j Zv †_‡K
i) wn‡gv‡Møvweb Drcv`‡b evav ‡`q, d‡j A¨vwbwgqvi ev i³k~Y¨Zv †`Lv †`q| wbM©Z ev®ú wbtk^v‡mi m‡½ kix‡i Xz‡K wjfvi‡K ÿwZMÖ¯ K‡i hvi cwiYvg
ii) i³Pvc e„w× K‡i| n‡jv RwÛm ev wjfvi wm‡ivwm‡mi gZ cÖvYNvZx †ivM|
iii) gw¯Í‡®‥i †Kvl bó K‡i †`q| d‡j wkïi I.Q Gi gvivZ¥K n«vm N‡U| 02. evqy‡Z H2S Gi KZ ppm gvby‡li g„Zz¨ NUvq? [HSTU-D.2017-18]
iv) Mf©eZ©x gwnjv g„Z mšÍvb cÖme K‡i| A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 50
v) `vu‡Zi gvwo bxjvf nq| mwVK DËi: D. 50
vi) i‡³i wng ms‡køl‡Y evuav cÖ`vb K‡i| d‡j wn‡gv‡Møvweb wewbó nq e¨vL¨v: evqy‡Z H2S -Gi cwigvY 50 ppm _vK‡j g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ NU‡Z cv‡i|
CU 03. gvbe kix‡i wb‡¤œi †Kvb avZzi AvwaK¨ i‡³ wn‡gv‡Møvweb Drcv`‡b evav
01. ivmvqwbK mvi Øviv RjR Dw™¢‡ì `ªæZ e„w×i Kvi‡Y m„ó RjR cwi‡ek cÖ`vb K‡i? [HSTU-D.2017-18; Kz. †ev.15]
`~lY‡K wK e‡j? [CU-G. 2016-17] A. Cd B. Cr C. Fe D. Pb
A. Nitration B. Eutrophication mwVK DËi: B. Cr & D. Pb
C. Nutrition D. Biomagnification E. Solidification e¨vL¨v: Pb I Cr wn‡gv‡Møvweb Drcv`‡b evuav †`q| d‡j A¨vwbwgqvi m„wó nq|
 CONCEPT 13 cvwbi Av‡m©wbK `~lY I KviY
g~j welq we¯ÍvwiZ ZË¡
wb‡Kv Really Awc©i UvBU †cÖ‡g cBiv jvBU n‡q †M‡Q
     
Av‡m©wbK LwbR mvjdvBW wiq¨vjM¨vi Iiwc‡g›U
wb‡KvjvBU (NiAs) †KvevëvBU Av‡m©‡bv cvBivBUm Av‡m©‡bvjvBU
wb‡Kj MøvÝ (NiAsS) (As2S2) (As2S3) (CoAsS) (Fe2S2As2) (As2O3)
(i) ‡jvnv I Al- A·vB‡Wi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m©wbK †h․‡Mi `ªve¨Zv K‡g hvq|
Av‡m©wbK `~lY I `~l‡Yi KviY (ii) gvwUi pH Kg n‡j I Av‡m©wbK †h․‡M RviY wefe Kg n‡j cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Av‡m©wb‡Ki cwigvY ev‡o|
(iii) A¤øxq gvwU‡Z (pH 6.7) Av‡m©wbK H2AsO4- Avqbiƒ‡c Ges ÿvixq gvwU‡Z (pH 8.9) HAsO42– Avqbiƒ‡c _v‡K|
(i) k~b¨ RviY Ae¯v ev †g․wjK Av‡m©wbK (‡gUvj‡qW)|
cvwb `~l‡Y wewfbœ Av‡m©wbK †h․M: (ii) +3 RviY Ae¯vq Avm©vBb (AsH3) M¨vm, Av‡m©wbK A·vBW(As2O3), Av‡m©bvBU (AsO2-)|
(iii) +5 RviY Ae¯vq Av‡m©bvBU (AsO43-) Avqbiƒ‡c gvwU‡Z _v‡K|
(i) Av‡m©wbK GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ, Ògbyl¨ Kviwm‡bv‡RbÓ A_©¨vr gvby‡li †`‡n K¨vÝvi m„wóKvix Dcv`vb|
(ii) Av‡m©wb‡Ki cÖv_wgK A¨vwKDU welwµqvi ev cwicvKZ‡š¿i Dr‡mP‡Ki ¯^vfvweK wµqvq weNœ m„wó nq|
Av‡m©wbK `~l‡Yi ÿwZKi cÖfve:
(iii) Av‡m©wb‡Ki `xN©w`‡bi µwbK ev welwµqv ev Av‡m©wb‡Kvwmm Gi cÖavb DcmM© n‡jv nv‡Zi Zvjy I cv‡qi cvZvq
†Qvc-‡Qvc Kv‡jv ùvM I ÿZ ev M¨vsMÖxb m„wó nq hv Òeø¨vK dzU wWwRRÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
gvby‡li ¯^v‡¯ï Dci welwµqvi Avm©vBj M¨vm >Avmv©Bb M¨vm>Av‡m©bvBU (A‣Re) > Av‡m©b A·vBW (‣Re, wÎ‡hvRx) > Av‡m©‡bU(A‣Re) > Av‡m©wbK (‡gUvj‡qW)|
DaŸ©µg
 Item-01: welv³ Avm©vBb M¨vm gvwU‡K I f~Mf©¯ cvwb‡K welv³ K‡i|
O H3ªvBwg_vBj
Av‡m©‡bU Al3+ HAsO42 p8. weRviY weRviY
Av‡m©bvBU O2 RviY Avm©vBb
AlAsO4 (HO)2 As3
– e¨vK‡Uwiqv
Aat‡ÿc A42– pH 6.7
AsO2 ev (qyR)
RviY (AevqyR)
4
fz‡j hvIqv wb‡la : gvwUi Dcv`v‡b Kv`vgvwU Kg A_©vr Al2O3 Kg _vK‡j Av‡m©bvBU (AsO2) †kvlY Kg N‡U|

Av‡m©wbK †h․M ms‡KZ ev Avqb ÿwZKi cÖfv‡ei gvÎv ÿwZKi cÖfv‡ei µg
Avmv©Bb M¨vm AsH3 AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ I †ewk
Av‡m©wbK †h․M As3+ ax‡i ax‡i wKš‧ e¨vcK Av‡m©wb‡Ki RviY msL¨v evo‡j ÿwZi cÖfve K‡g hvq
Av‡m©‡bU †h․M As5+ ax‡i ax‡i, Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg
‣Re Av‡m©wbK †h․M R–As–X ax‡i ax‡i Ges Kg
we:`ª: Av‡m©wb‡Ki wÎ‡hvRx ev +3 RviY Ae¯vq RxeMR‡Zi Ici me‡P‡q †ewk welwµqv m„wó K‡i|
 As Gi welwµqvi ZxeªZvi µg : Avm©vBb M¨vm > Av‡m©bvBU > Av‡m©b A·vBW > Av‡m©‡bU > Av‡m©wbK|
welwµqvi ZxeªZv g‡b ivLvi wUªK&m : mvB‡bi BU A·vB‡Wi †bU wbK-
mvB‡bi BU A·vB‡Wi †bU wbK
    
Avm©vBb M¨vm Av‡m©bvBU Av‡m©b A·vBW Av‡m©‡bU Av‡m©wbK
 Av‡m©wbK m¤úwK©Z msL¨vg~jK Z_¨:
welq gvb
gvwU‡Z As Gi Mo NbZ¡ 7.2 ppm ev 5.6 mg/kg
cvbxq R‡j As Gi Mo cwigvc 2.5 ppb
As Gi wbivc` gvÎv (WHO) 0.01 mg L1
cvbxq R‡j m‡e©v”P MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎv (WHO) 0.04 - 0.05 ppm
gvbe kix‡i m‡e©v”P mnbkxj gvÎv (TLV) 0.05 mg L1
evsjv‡`‡ki cvbxq R‡j As Gi m‡e©v”P MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎv 0.05 ppm
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœt Av‡m©wb‡Ki cÖavb Drm wiq¨vjMvi Gi ms‡KZ †KvbwU? Dt As2S2 cÖkœt gviKvwi RwbZ `~l‡Yi d‡j †KvbwU †`Lv hvq? Dt gvbwmK `~e©jZv
cÖkœt Av‡m©wbK welwµqv m„wó‡Z †ewk Dc‡hvMx †Kvb Ae¯v? Dt wÎ‡hvRx| cÖkœt Mf©cvZ ev g„Z mšÍvb cÖme N‡U †Kvb `~lYRwbZ cvwbi Kvi‡Y? Dt ‡jW
cÖkœt cvwb‡Z Av‡m©wbK Kq fv‡e _vK‡Z cv‡i? Dt Pvi| cÖkœt cvK¯wj‡Z cÖ`v‡ni m„wó ‡KvbwUi cÖZ¨ÿ ms®ú‡k©i Kvi‡Y N‡U? Dt As
cÖkœt cvwb‡Z †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY Kg n‡j As Gi Dt Al I Fe cÖkœt cvj‡gvbvwi BwWgv m„wó nq †KvbwUi cÖZ¨ÿ ms¯ú‡k©? Dt As
cÖ‡e‡ki ÿgZv †e‡o hvq? cÖkœt Kvi cÖfv‡e †K›`ªxq Ges cÖvšÍxq bvf©Z‡š¿i AšÍM©Z Dt wn‡gvjvBwmm|
cÖkœt A¤øxq gvwU‡Z (pH 6.7) †Kvb Avqbiƒ‡c _v‡K Av‡m©wbK? Dt H2AsO4- wbDi‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv webó n‡q hvq?
cÖkœt ÿvixq gvwU‡Z (pH 8.9) †Kvb Avqbiƒ‡c _v‡K Av‡m©wbK? Dt HAsO42- cÖkœt Av‡m©wb‡Ki ¯vqx welwµqvi d‡j †KvbwUi wgD‡Ukb N‡U? Dt DNA
cÖkœt ‡Kvb `~l‡Yi d‡j gw¯Í‡®‥i †Kvl webó nq? Dt Pb

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION e¨vL¨v: cvwb Cd `~l‡Yi d‡j i³Pvc e„w×, e„° I dzmdz‡mi ¯^vfvweK wµqv
DU wewNœZ nIqv, Aw¯i f½yi nIqv I Aw¯i ms‡hvM¯‡j e¨_v Abyfe Kivmn
01. cvwb‡Z Cd `~l‡Yi d‡j ‡Kvb DcmM© ‡`Lv hvq? wewfbœ ‡ivM I †iv‡Mi Dcm‡M©i m„wó nq|
[DU. 2016-17, JU-D. 2017-18]
A. e„° I dzmdz‡mi ¯^vfvweK wµqv wewNœZ nq JU
B. gw¯Í‡®‥i ‡Kvl webó nq 01. `xN©w`b Av‡m©wbKhy³ cvwb cvb Ki‡j †Kvb ‡ivM n‡Z cv‡i? [JU-D2. 17-18]
C. wkï‡ì AvBwKD n«vm N‡U A. `„wónxbZv B. ewaiZ¡
D. Mf©cvZ ev g„Z mšÍvb cÖme C. Aw¯i A½yiZv D. wjfvi wm‡ivwmm
mwVK DËi: A. e„° I dzmdz‡mi ¯^vfvweK wµqv wewNœZ nq mwVK DËi: D. wjfvi wm‡ivwmm
e¨vL¨v: `xN©w`b Av‡m©wbKhy³ cvwb cvb Ki‡j wjfvi wm‡ivwmm, dzmdzm I e¨vL¨v: we‡k¦i 70wU †`‡k 137 wgwjqb †jvK Av‡m©wbK `~l‡Y fyM‡Q| (mgxÿv
g~Îbvwj‡Z K¨vÝvi n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Av‡m©wb‡Ki ¯vqx welwµqvi 2007) wKš‧ Av‡m©wbK `~l‡Yi fqvenZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q 20wU †`‡k|
Kvi‡Y bi‡gvmvBwUK, A¨vwbwgqv, _ª‡¤^vmvB‡Uvwcwbqv, A¨vcøvw÷K A¨vwbwgqv STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
Ges c¨vbmvB‡Uvwcwbqvi g‡Zv KwVb ‡iv‡Mi m„wó nq|
BSMRSTU
02. A¤øxq gvwU‡Z Av‡m©wbK Avqb Kx iƒ‡c we`¨gvb? [JU-D5.2017-18]
– 2– 2– 01. evsjv‡`‡ki cvwb‡Z Av‡m©wb‡Ki MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎv KZ?
A. H AsO
2 4 B. HAsO 4 C. AsO D. As O 2 3
[BSMRSTU-H.2017-18, CU- G. 16-17; P.‡ev.15; wm.‡ev.15; iv.‡ev.17]
mwVK DËi: A. H2AsO4– A. 0.10 ppm B. 0.05 mg/L
e¨vL¨v: Av‡m©wbK A¤øxq gvwU‡Z H2AsO4– Ges ÿvixq gvwU‡Z HAsO42– Avqb C. 0.05 g/L D. 0.01 ppm
iƒ‡c _v‡K| mwVK DËi: B. 0.05 mg/L
CU e¨vL¨v: evsjv‡`‡k Av‡m©wb‡Ki MÖnY †hvM¨ gvÎv 0.05ppm ev 0.05 mg/L
01. evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ LvIqvi cvwb‡Z Av‡m©wb‡Ki m‡e©v”P MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎv KZ? 02. BU fvUvq R¡vjvwbi Am¤ú~Y© `n‡b wb‡Pi †Kvb †h․MwU m„wó nq?
[CU-G. 2016-17; JU-A, Set-D. 2019-20; Xv.†ev. 2019] [BSMRSTU-C.2017-18]
A. CO2 B. CO C. SO3 D. NH3
A. 0.01 mg/L B. 0.035 mg/ L
C. 0.05 mg/ L D. 0.07 mg/ L E. 0.1 mg/ L mwVK DËi: B. CO
mwVK DËi: C. 0.05 mg/ L e¨vL¨v: wkí KviLvbvq R¡vjvwbi Am¤ú~Y© `n‡bi d‡j CO Drcbœ nq|
e¨vL¨v: wek¦ ¯^v¯¨ ms¯v (WHO) Gi w`‡K wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx cvwb‡Z Av‡m©wb‡Ki HSTU
wbivc` gvÎv 0.01mgL–1| M‡elYvq ‡`Lv hvq evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ gvbe‡`‡n 01. Av‡m©wb‡Ki †Kvb Ae¯vwU me‡P‡q †ewk ÿwZKi? [HSTU-B.17-18]
Av‡m©wb‡Ki m‡e©v”P mnbmxgv 0.05mgL–1 wKš‧ evsjv‡`‡ki ‡ek K‡qKwU A. As(II) B. As(III) C. As (IV) D. As(V)
†Rjvq bjK~‡ci cvwb‡Z Av‡m©wb‡Ki cwigvY 0.25mgL–1 mwVK DËi: B. As(III)
02. cÖvYx †`‡ni †Kvb ¯v‡b Av‡m©wbK mwÂZ nIqvi cÖeYZv †ewk? [CU. 16-17] e¨vL¨v: •Re Av‡m©wb‡Ki Zzjbvq A‣Re Av‡m©wbK †ewk welv³ Ges A‣Re
A. gvsm B. wkiv C. Pwe© D. i³ Av‡m©wb‡K cuvP‡hvRx Av‡m©wb‡Ki Zzjbvq wZb‡hvRx Av‡m©wbK †ewk welv³|
mwVK DËi: C. Pwe©
e¨vL¨v: Av‡m©wbK wjwcW ev Pwe©i mv‡_ hy³ nq| STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
03. wb‡Pi †KvbwU eø¨vKdzU wWwR‡Ri Rb¨ `vqx? [CU-G. 2016-17] DAT
A. K¨vWwgqvg B. BD‡iwbqvg C. Rv‡g©wbqvg D. †iWb E. Av‡m©wbK 01. wek¦ ¯^v¯¨ ms¯vi wb‡`©wkKv Abyhvqx cvbxq R‡j Av‡m©wb‡Ki wbivc` gvÎv
mwVK DËi: E. Av‡m©wbK KZ? [MAT. 2019-20]
04. Av‡m©wbK welwµqvi KviY- [CU-F. 2015-16] A. 0.1 mg/L B. 1 mg/L
A. ATP Drcv`‡b evav †`qv B. k¦vm cÖk¦v‡m evav †`qv C. 0.001 mg/L D. 0.01 mg/L
C. O2 mieiv‡n evav †`qv D. CO2 cwien‡b evav †`qv mwVK DËi: D. 0.01 mg/L
E. Dc‡ii me KwU e¨vL¨v: WHO Øviv ¯^xK…Z As G MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎv 0.01 ppm wKš‧ evsjv‡`‡k
mwVK DËi: E. Dc‡ii me KwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎv 0.05 ppm|
02. wb‡¤œi †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li g„Zzï cÖe„w× †e‡o‡Q- [DAT. 2017-18]
IU
A. moK `yN©Ubvq B. ZvgvK I gv`K `ªe¨ MÖn‡Y
01. Av‡m©wbK `~l‡Yi fqvenZv †`Lv †M‡Q- [IU. 2014-15]
C. evqy `~l‡Y D. K¨vÝv‡i
A. ïaygvÎ evsjv‡`‡k B. fviZ-Dcgvnv‡`‡k
mwVK DËi: C. evqy `~l‡Y
C. we‡k¦i 20 wU †`‡k D. we‡k¦i 50wU †`‡k
mwVK DËi: C. we‡k¦i 20 wU †`‡k
 CONCEPT 14 Lv`¨ k„•L‡j fvix avZz hy³ nIqvi KviY I cÖfve
ZË¡ ‡jW (Pb) K¨vWwgqvg(Cd) ‡µvwgqvg (Cr)
mxmvi cÖavb AvKwiK M¨v‡jbv (PbS)| GQvov K¨vWwgqv‡gi GKgvÎ AvKwiK MÖx‡bvKUvBU (CdS) ‡µvgvBU (FeCr2O4)
Drm
hvbevn‡bi †auvqv Gi Ab¨Zg Drm(98%)
 i‡³: 10ppb GKRb c~Y© eq¯‥ gvby‡li Rb¨ cÖwZw`b cÖvq
 g„wËKvq: 4.5ppm 0.06mg Cr3+ Avek¨K|
MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎv WHO Gi g‡Z 50ppb ev 50  102 ppm  gvby‡li g~‡Î: 1 42g/m3
 cvbxq R‡j: 5ppb
 evqygÐ‡j: 0.001  0.048 g/m3
 †j‡Wi welwµqvi ùv‡Zi gvwo bxjvf nq|  K¨vWwgqvg `~wlZ evqy †_‡K cÖk^v‡mi gva¨‡g  †µvwgqvg `~lY Øviv gvby‡li
 †jW wn‡gv‡Møvweb Drcv`b evav †`q| d‡j dzmdz‡mi ¯^vfvweK wµqv evavcÖvß nq| d‡j cwicvKZš¿, k^vmZš¿, cÖRbb Zš¿, †ivM
A¨vwbwgqv ev i³ïb¨Zv †`Lv †`q| wKWbx bó n‡q hvq| cÖwZ‡iva wm‡÷g cÖf…wZ AvµvšÍ nq|
welwµqvi cÖfve
 †jW `~l‡Yi d‡j Mf©eZx gwnjv g„Z mšÍvb  K¨vWwgqvg µwbK welwµqvi Aw¯-mwÜ‡Z Zxeª hš¿Yv  †µvwgqvg (VI) Avqb gvby‡li kix‡i
cÖme K‡ib| m„wó nq| Aw¯i g‡a¨ wQ`ªhy³ Aw÷I‡cv‡ivwmm nq K¨vÝvi m„wóKvix ÔKviwm‡bv‡RbÕ wn‡m‡e
ÔAw¯ f½yi nq, Aí AvNvZ †c‡j Aw¯ †f‡½ hvqÕ| MY¨|
ZË¡ ‡jW (Pb) K¨vWwgqvg(Cd) ‡µvwgqvg (Cr)
 mvZ eQ‡ii Kg eq‡mi wkïi †jW  K¨vWwgqvg `~l‡Yi welwµqvq Aw¯ KvVv‡gvi we‡kl  †µvwgqvg (III) ‡h․‡Mi †P‡q †µvwgqvg
welv³Zvq gw¯Í‡®‥i ¯^vfvweK e„w× e¨vnZ †ivM ÔBUvB-BUvB ev AvDP-AvDPÕ †`Lv †`q| (VI) ‡h․‡Mi welwµqv AwaK gvivZ¥K|
nq. wkïi eyw×e„wË ev IQ n«vm nq|  †cÖv‡÷U K¨vÝvi I dzmdz‡mi K¨vÝvi m„wó‡Z  AwaK (Cr3+) `~l‡Yi d‡j (VI) ‡h․‡Mi
K¨vWwgqvg Gi f~wgKv cÖgvwYZ| welwµqv AwaK gvivZ¥K|
cÖvß eq¯‥ GKRb e¨w³i †`‡n †j‡Wi cwigvY gvby‡li †ÿ‡Î 1 MÖvg gvby‡li kix‡i AwjwLZ giY gvÎv Cr (VI)
giY gvÎv 50ppb Gi †ewk Ges i‡³ 610ppb Gi Gi Rb¨ M‡o 1-3 MÖvg (Ref: Meditext 2005)
†ewk n‡j †j‡Wi welwµqv cÖKvk cvq|
 mxmvhy³ M¨v‡mvwjb R¡vjvwb  †gvU avZzi cÖvq 60% eëüZ nq B‡jK‡Uªv‡cøwUs  nv_© I Ab¨vb¨ Pzwjø‡Z `ye©j (refractory)
 †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwi wk‡í cÖ‡jc wn‡m‡e
 KxUbvkK [Pb(AsO4)2]  cÖgvY Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kvl NiCd e¨vUvwi  †U·UvBj wk‡í giWv›U wn‡m‡e
 †cB›U  PVC ivevi •Zwi Cr2(SO4)3 eëüZ nq
 msKi avZz  iÄb wk‡í CdS  is, evwb©m I †cv‡m©wjb wk‡í Cr2(SO4)3
 cvBc, e›`y‡Ki ¸wj (shots)  KuvP I wPbvgvwUi wk‡í CdO d‡UvMÖvwd eëüZ nq
 ÿqKviK (corrosive) c`v_© msiÿ‡Yi cvÎ  d‡UvMÖvwd‡Z K¨vWwgqvg †eªvgvBW I Av‡qvWvBW  M‡elYvMv‡i gvwÎK we‡køl‡Y K2Cr2O7
 K…wl Drcv`‡b eëüZ dm‡dU mv‡ii m‡½| eëüZ nq
 iÄb iwk¥ †kvlK Xvj (Shield) cÖf…wZ|
 iÄKwk‡í K2Cr2O7, BaCrO4 (†jgb BI‡jv)
I PbCrO4 (†µvg BI‡jv) eëüZ nq|
we‡kl Z_¨
(i) wg_vBj gvK©vwi gv‡Qi gva¨‡g kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i wgbvgvZv bvgK †ivM m„wó K‡i|
(ii) Mn hy³ cvwb MÖnY Ki‡j ¯œvqy †ivM nq|
(iii) wU‡bi cv‡Î evRviK…Z ¸ov `y‡a †j‡Wi cwigvY 2g/L
(iv) Pb2+ nv‡oi gyL¨ Dcv`vb Ca2+ †K AcmvwiZ K‡i nv‡o mwÂZ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
 GK bR‡i A‣Re `~lK mg~‡ni ÿwZKi cÖfve:
cÖfve Av‡m©wbK mxmv K¨vWwgqvg †µvwgqvg
k¦vmZ‡š¿ cvj‡gvbvwi BwWgv, eª¼vBwUm| - wµqv euvavcÖvß nq| eª¼vBwUm|
i³k~b¨Zv    
wKWwb‡Z Kvh©ÿgZv n«vm| Kvh©ÿgZv n«vm| cv_i m„wó| †ibvj wUDweD‡j ÿZ|
K¨vÝvi dzmdzm, w¯‥b, wjfvi, wKWwb, gyÎ_wj| - †cÖv‡÷U I dzmdzm| dzmdzm|
we‡kl †ivM eø¨vK dzU wWwRR| ùv‡Zi gvwo bxjvf| ÔBUvB-BUvBÕ ev AvDP-AvDP| Chronic Chromate Lung.
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
cÖkœt Lv`¨k„•L‡j hy³ Ab¨Zg fvix avZz †KvbwU? Dt Cr cÖkœt Lv`¨bvwj‡Z Avjmvi I K¨vÝvi m„wó K‡i †KvbwU? Dt Cr
cÖkœt Lv`¨k„•L‡j Cr avZz hy³ nIqvicÖavb Drm †KvbwU? Dt U¨vbvwi wkí cÖkœt As3+ kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i wn‡gv‡Møvweb Drcv`‡b evav w`‡q †Kvb DtA¨vwbwgqv
cÖkœt U¨vbvwi wk‡í †µvg U¨vwbs Gi mgq me‡P‡q †ewk cwigvY Kx DtCr2(SO4)3 †ivM m„wó K‡i?
eëüZ nq? cÖkœt i‡³ †ng (Heme) ms‡køl‡Y evav cÖavb K‡i †KvbwU? Dt Pb
cÖkœt Zn, Cu, Pb avZz wb®‥vkbKv‡j †Kvb avZz wkíeR©¨ wnmv‡e Dt Cd cÖkœt ‡KvbwUi gvÎv ‡e‡o †M‡j wKWwb wm‡÷‡gi RwUjZv †`Lv †`q? Dt Pb
cwi‡e‡k P‡j Av‡m? cÖkœt ‡Kvb avZz wkïi gw¯Í®‥ †Kv‡li wefvR‡bi †ÿ‡Î evav m„wó K‡i? Dt Pb
cÖkœt AšÍ`©n BwÄ‡b R¡vjvwb †c‡Uªv‡ji mv‡_ Gw›UbK wnmv‡e eëüZ nq? Dt TEL cÖkœt wkïi AvB.wKD Gi gvivZ¥K n«vm N‡U †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y? Dt Pb
cÖkœt kix‡ii Z¡K Øviv †kvwlZ nq †KvbwU? Dt TEL cÖkœt Pvj, Wvj, Mg, gvQ-gvsm cÖf…wZ Lv`¨k„•L‡ji gva¨‡g gvby‡li Dt Cd
cÖkœt RgvUKvix wel wnmv‡e Kq ai‡bi ‣Re ivmvqwbK cÖfve Dt wZb| kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i †Kvb `~lY Dcv`vb?
cwijwÿZ nq? cÖkœt gvby‡li kix‡ii i‡³ Cd Gi ¯^vfvweK gvÎv KZ? Dt 10 ppb
cÖkœt GKRb c~Y© eq®‥ e¨w³i cÖwZw`b As5+ cÖ‡qvRb? Dt 0.03mg cÖkœt e„× eq‡m gvby‡li Aw¯ mwÜi Zxeª hš¿bvi g~j KviY? Dt Cd
cÖkœt e„‡°i †ibvj wUDweD‡j ÿ‡Zi m„wó K‡i †KvbwU? Dt Cr cÖkœt Cd avZz †kvl‡Yi d‡j m„ó †iv‡Mi bvg Kx? DtBUvB-BUvB|
†`‡ki †e÷ wUPvi‡ì mgš^‡q M„n wkÿ‡Ki weKí GKgvÎ mnvwqKv Ò†¯úkvj cÖ¯‧wZ wmwiRÓ
∎ Rvweb‡jR ∎ dvg©vb‡jR ∎ WRITTEN BLOG ∎ mv¤úªwZK †bUIqvK© [mvaviY Ávb 1, 2, 3]

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION e¨vL¨v: 41.8-42C ev 107.2 - 107.6F
RU
ZvcgvÎvq K¨vÝvi †Kvl gviv hvq hv‡K nvBcvi_viwgqv ejv nq|
3+ 03. †Kvb avZe Avqb K¨vÝvi m„wó K‡i? [JUST-C. 2016-17]
01. Cr `~l‡Yi d‡j RBC †Z †KvbwU †kvwlZ nq bv? [RU. 2018-19]
A. Cr2+ B. Cr3+ C. Cr4+ D. Cr5+ E. Cr6+
A. Fe2+ B. Fe3+
C. Fe D. Zn mwVK DËi: E. Cr6+
mwVK DËi: A. Fe2+ 04. †Kvb avZzi Avqb nv‡oi ÿq mvab K‡i? [JUST. 2015-16]
2+ 2+
+3 2+
e¨vL¨v: AwaK Cr `~l‡Yi d‡j RBC-‡Z †j․n (Fe ) ‡kvlY evav cvq| d‡j A. Ca B. Cd
C. Mg2+ D. Fe2+
wn‡gv‡Møvweb •Zix‡Z evav m„wói Kvi‡Y A¨vwbwgqv ev i³ k~b¨Zv †ivM †`Lv †`q| 2+
mwVK DËi: B. Cd
02. A¨vm‡e÷m †Kvb †ivM m„wó K‡i? [RU-G1.2017-18]
A. K¨vÝvi B. nuvcvwb BSMRSTU
C. hÿv D. Avgvkq 01. gvby ‡li kix‡i welwµqv m„ wóKvix Av‡m©wbK Ges Av‡m©wb‡Ki †h․M mvaviYZ
mwVK DËi: A. K¨vÝvi (dzmdz‡mi K¨vÝvi)| †Kv_vq _v‡K? [BSMRSTU-C. 2019-20]
JU A. f~ M f© ¯ cvwb B. evqy
01. †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwii gva¨‡g †Kvb avZz fvix Lv`¨k„•L‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i? C. BwÄ‡bi Kvj †auvqv D. †jvnvi iW
[JU-A.2019-20] mwVK DËi: A. f~Mf©¯ cvwb
A. Cd B. As e¨vL¨v: f~-Mf©¯ cvwb‡Z Av‡m©wbK †ewk _v‡K|
C. Pb D. Cr
mwVK DËi: C. Pb PUST
02. fvix avZy ¸‡jv- [JU-6.2017-18] 01. Wvqv‡ewUKm †iv‡M AvµvšÍ e¨w³i Møy‡KvR mn¨ Kivi ÿgZv wb‡¤œi †KvbwU
A.gvwU‡Z LwbRiƒ‡c cvIqv hvq bv B. AZ¨šÍ mwµq evwo‡q †`q? [PBSTU-B.2016-17]
C. Dw™¢‡ì †g․wjK Kg©Kv‡Û evav m„wó K‡i D. `ye©j RviK A. Cr B. Cd
mwVK DËi: A.gvwU‡Z LwbRiƒ‡c cvIqv hvq bv C. Sc D. As
e¨vL¨v: cÖK…wZ‡Z fvix avZzmgyn f~Z¡‡K cvIqv hvq| Giv gvwUi wewfbœ avZzi mwVK DËi: A. Cr
AvKwi‡Ki ms‡½ hy³ _v‡K| e¨vL¨v: Cr Gi Cr3+ Ae¯v kix‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq Bbmywjb I ‡cÖvwUb •Zix K‡i|
03. †Kvb avZzi welwµqvq `vu‡Zi gvwo bxjvf nq? [JU-D7.2017-18] STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
A. Pb B. Cd
MAT
C. Cr D. As
mwVK DËi: A. Pb 01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU fvix avZzi D`vniY bq? [MAT-2018-19, w`.‡ev. 2016]
e¨vL¨v: †j‡Wi (Pb) welwµqvq ùv‡Zi gvwo bxjvf nq| GQvovI †j‡Wi A . Hg B . Zn C . Cd D. Au
welwµqvq wn‡gv‡Møvweb Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq Ges wkïi eyw×gËv n«vm cvq| mwVK DËi: D . Au
Agriculture e¨vL¨v: †h mKj avZe †g․‡ji NbZ¡ Zyjvbvg~jK fv‡e †ewk Ges Lv`¨ mvgwMÖ‡Z
01. cvwb‡Z †Kvb Avq‡bi NbgvÎv e„w× †c‡j gv‡Qi k¦vmKvh© evav cÖvß nq? Lye mvgvb¨ cwigvY G‡ì Dcw¯wZ welwµqv m„wó K‡i Zv‡ì‡K fvix avZz
[BAU,Set-KHA: 2018-19] e‡j| †hgbt Hg, Cd, Cu, Ag, As, Cr, Pb, Ti BZ¨vw`|
A. Al3+ B. Na+ 02. Cd Gi †g․wjK ¸Y KqwU?
C. Ca2+ D. K+ A. 2 wU B. 3 wU C. 4 wU D. 5 wU
3+
mwVK DËi: A. Al mwVK DËi: A. 2 wU
e¨vL¨v: cvwb‡Z A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi NbgvÎv evo‡j cvwb eøU nq| d‡j eøU cvwb‡Z e¨vL¨v: Cd Gi ‡g․wjK ¸Y 2wU| ‡hgb KYv AvKv‡i wVK †Zgwb Avqb AvKv‡i
gv‡Qi k¦vm Kvh© evavcÖvß nq| evZvm I cvwb Dfq gva¨g †_‡KB Lv`¨k„•L‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i|
02. Pvgov wk‡íi e‡R©¨ †Kvb welv³ avZz we`¨gvb _v‡K? [BAU,Set-KHA: 2018-19] 03. GKRb e¨vw³ cÖwZw`b 2 wjUvi cvwb cvb Ki‡j w`‡b Kx cwigvY As kix‡i Rgv nq?
A. As B. Hg C. Cr D. Cd A. 1.010–2g B. 1.010–1g
mwVK DËi: C. Cr C. 1.010–6g D. 1.010–8g
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION mwVK DËi: B. 1.010–1g
e¨vL¨v: GKRb e¨w³ cÖwZw`b 2 wjUvi cvwb cvb Ki‡j w`‡b 1.010–1g
JUST
01. gvbe kix‡i wb‡¤œi †Kvb avZzi AvwaK¨ i‡³ wn‡gv‡Møvweb Drcv`‡b evav
Av‡m©wbK kix‡i Rgv nq, hv †`‡ni †Kv‡bv ÿwZ mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
cÖ`vb K‡i? [JUST-B. 2016-17, HSTU. 2017-18, Kz. †ev.1015]
DAT
A. Cd B. Cr C. Fe D. Pb 02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU fvix avZz? [DAT. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: D. Pb A. Al B. Cd
02. KZ ZvcgvÎvq K¨vÝvi †Kvl gviv hvq? C. K D. Fe
[JUST-B. 2016-17, BSMRSTU. 2013-14] mwVK DËi: B. Cd
A. 104.6F B. 107.6F C. 110.6F D. 114.6F e¨vL¨v: Lv`¨k„•L‡j hy³ nIqv fvix avZzmg~‡ni g‡a¨ As, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu,
mwVK DËi: B. 107.6F Sb Ab¨Zg|
Board Ques. e¨vL¨v: Kv‡Vi `xN©‡gqvw` msiÿY, †UKmB, eënvi Dc‡hvMx I AvKl©Yxq Kivi
01. cvbxqR‡j Cd Gi mnbxq gvÎv KZ? [w`.‡ev. 2016] †ÿ‡Î CuCr2O7 †gnMwb Mv‡Qi eY©, Cr2(CrO4)3 KvuVvwj eY©, K2Cr2O7
A. 5ppb B. 10ppb C. 15 ppb D. 20 ppb cÖf…wZ Cr †h․‡Mi eûj eënvi cwijwÿZ nq|
mwVK DËi: A. 5ppb 03. Lv`¨k„•L‡j ‡Kvb `~lYwU cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g N‡U?
e¨vL¨v: gvby‡li i‡³ Cd Gi ¯^vfvweK gvÎv 10ppb Ges cvbxq R‡j Gi mnbxq A. Pb B. As C. Cr D. Cd
gvÎv 5ppb| e„× eq‡m gvby‡li Aw¯mwÜi Zxeª hš¿Yvi g~j KviY Cd Gi mwVK DËi: B. As
welwµqv| e¨vL¨v: Lv`¨k„•L‡j As Gi `~lY f~Mf©¯ cvwb Øviv cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g N‡U| Lwb‡Z
02. Kv‡Vi ‡gnMwb Mv‡Qi eY© ‣Zwi Ki‡Z †KvbwU eëüZ nq? Pb Gi AvKwiK PbS n‡Z Pb avZz wb®‥vkb Kv‡j eR©¨ wn‡m‡e Pb avZz
A. CuCr2O7 B. Cr2(CrO4)3 cwi‡e‡k wbM©Z nq| U¨vbvwi wk‡í ‡K¬vb U¨vwbs Gi mgq eR©¨ Zi‡ji mv‡_
C. BaCrO4 D. PbCrO4 Cr cwi‡e‡k P‡j Av‡m| AvKwiK n‡Z Zn, Cu, Pb cÖf…wZ wb®‥vkb Kv‡j
mwVK DËi: A. CuCr2O7 AvKwi‡Ki g‡a¨ †fRvj Cd avZz wkíeR©¨ wn‡m‡e cwi‡e‡k P‡j Av‡m|
 CONCEPT 15 `ªe‡Yi cÖKvi‡f` I `~lK c`v_©mg~n evqy I cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z _vKvi †K․kj
 `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK c`v‡_©i mgmË¡ wgkÖY‡K `ªeY e‡j|
 Gi mshyw³ wbw`©ó mxgvi g‡a¨ cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|
 †hgb cvwb‡Z wPwb ev je‡Yi `ªeY|
 `ªe‡Y †h c`v‡_©i AvbycvwZK cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk Zv‡K `ªveK Ges hvi AvbycvwZK cwigvY Kg Zv‡K `ªe e‡j| A_©vr `ªeY = `ªe + `ªveK|
 `ªe‡Yi •ewkó¨: (wKQz Q›` bq g›`)- mgvb wgkÖ‡Y, mK‡jB c„_K †hvM¨
6 Gi †P‡q †QvU, hyw³ cwieZ©bxq|
(i) mgvb wgkÖ‡Y  `ªeY mgmZ¡ wgkÖY| (ii) c„_K †hvM¨  Dcv`vbmg~n c„_K †hvM¨|
(iii) 6 Gi †P‡q †QvU  KYvmg~‡ni AvKvi 106 cm Gi †P‡q †QvU| (iv) hyw³ cwieZ©bxq  mshyw³ cwieZ©bxq|
 Item-01: `ªe‡Yi cÖKi‡f` t c`v‡_©i †f․Z Ae¯vi (KwVb, Zij I M¨vm) †cÖwÿ‡Z `ªeY‡K mvZwU †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| h_vtÑ
`ªveK + `ªe  `ªeY
`ªveK `ªe `ªeY
M¨vm M¨vm evqy- N2, O2, Ar I Ab¨vb¨ M¨vm (15wU)
Zij M¨vm Kve©‡b‡UW IqvUvi (cvwb‡Z CO2 M¨vm)
KwVb M¨vm c¨vjvwWqvg I cøvwUbv‡g H2 M¨vm †kvlY
Zij Zij M¨v‡mvwjb (wewfbœ Zij nvB‡WªvKve©b wgkÖY)
KwVb Zij ‡Wb‡Uj A¨vgvjMvg(wmjfv‡i gviKvwi)
Zij KwVb mgy‡`ªi jeYv³ cvwb (cvwb‡Z NaCl I Ab¨vb¨ jeY)
KwVb KwVb wewfbœ avZz msKi (wcDUvi RM, 96% Sn I 4% Cu )
 Item-02: evqy `~lKmg~n evqy‡Z wg‡k _vKvi †K․kjt
 wKQz wKQz evqy evwnZ AwZ ÿz`ª KYv (hv‡ì e¨vm mvaviYZ 1m – 100m) evqy‡Z gy³fv‡e †Nviv‡div K‡i| Gme `~lK c`v_©mg~n n‡jv Kve©b, DošÍ
QvB, MÖxR‡Zj I avZzi ÿz`ªvsk|
 avZzmg~‡ni g‡a¨ g~jZ †jW I K¨vWwgqvg ÿz`ª KYv wn‡m‡e evqygÐ‡j wgwkÖZ _v‡K|
 Item-03: cvwb `~lKmg~n cvwb‡Z wgwkÖZ _vKvi ‡K․kjt
 wkí KjKviLvbv n‡Z Drcbœ HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, SO2, Cl2, bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi A·vBWmg~n, A¨v‡gvwbqv, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2 cÖf…wZ cvwb‡Z wg‡k
cvwbi H+ I OH– Gi NbgvÎv evwo‡q †`q| d‡j cvwbi pH Gi gvÎv KLbI K‡g ev †e‡o hvq|
 Kve©‡bU, evBKve©‡bU, A¨vwm‡UU, bvB‡UªU, bvBUªvBU, †d¬vivBW, †eªvgvBW, Av‡qvWvBW, mvj‡dU BZ¨vw` Avqb Ges Cu, Cd, Hg, Zn, Ni, Mn, Co, Pb,
Sn I As BZ¨vwì mvjdvBWmg~n Øviv MwVZ jeYmg~n cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z n‡q avZe Avqb gy³ nq Ges Lv`¨ k„sL‡ji gva¨‡g gvbyl Zv MÖnY K‡i|
 Item-04: Zij Zij wgkªY , mgùzUb wgkª‡Yi mshyw³ I Zv‡ì ùzUbvsK
Zij Zij wgkªY
m¤ú~Y© wgkÖbxq Zij-Zij `ªeY †hgbt cvwb- AvswkK wgkªYxq m¤ú~Y© AwgkªYxq
A¨vj‡Kvnj, cvwb-H2SO4, †n‡·b-‡ebwRb, cvwb- ZijhyMj †hgbt cvwb-‡dbj, cvwb-B_vi Zij hyMj ‡hgbt cvwb - CCl4 cvwb-cvi`,
HNO3 BZ¨vw`| cvwb-wb‡KvwUb, A¨vwbwjb-‡n‡·b BZ¨vw`| cvwb-‡ebwRb, cvwb-‡K¬v‡ivdg© BZ¨vw`|
 Item-05: K‡qKwU mgùzUb wgkª‡Yi mshyw³ I Zv‡ì ùzUbvsK: [OLD SYLLABUS BUT MUST TO KNOW]
mgùzUb wgkª‡Yi 1g Dcv`vb I Gi 2q Dcv`vb I Gi

mgùzU‡bi †kªYx mgùzUb wgkªY
ùzUbvsK ùzUbvsK ùzUbvsK
K) me©wbgœ w¯i 1| †iKwUdvBW w¯úwiU ev 95.6% B_vb‡ji Rjxq `ªeY 78.15° †m. cvwb; 100° †m. B_vbj, 78.3° †m.
ùzUbvsK wgkªY 2| B_vbj (15.9%) I CCl4 (84.1%) wgkªY 65.1° †m. B_vbj; 78.3° †m. CCl4, 76.7° †m.
3| wg_vbj (12.6%) I †K¬v‡ivdig (87.4%) wgkªY 53.4° †m. wg_vbj; 64.7° †m. CHCl3, 61.2° †m.
L) m‡e©v”P w¯i 1| 68.4% bvBwUªK GwmW 120.5° †m. cvwb; 100° †m. HNO3, 86° †m.
ùzUbvsK wgkªY 2| 20.2% nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW 108.6° †m. cvwb; 100° †m. Zij HCl, - 85° †m.
3|A¨vwm‡Uvb (56.1%) I †K¬v‡ivdig (43.9%) wgkªY 64.4° †m. A¨vwm‡Uvb; 56.1° †m. CHCl3, 61.2° †m.
 SAQ
Broad Ans Question
 A¨vwRIUªwcK wgkÖY wK?

- `yBwU wfbœ Zi‡ji wgkÖY hv GKwU w¯i ZvcgvÎvq dz‡U, A¨vwRIUªwcK wgkÖ‡Yi Aci bvg n‡”Q mgùzUb wgkÖY ev w¯i ùzUbv¼ wgkÖY A_©vr, `ywU wfbœ Zi‡ji
wgkÖY hv GKwU w¯i ZvcgvÎvq dz‡U|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION mwVK DËi: C. cvwb I †ebwRb
DU e¨vL¨v: g‡b ivL‡e •Re I A‣Re Zi‡ji wgkÖY me©`v AwgkÖYxq Zij hyMj|
01. †KvbwU R¡vjvwb bq? [DU-Ka.2017-18] STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
A. H2 B. O2 C. CH4 D. C
mwVK DËi: B. O2 SUST
e¨vL¨v: R¡vjvwb mg~n: CH4,H2, †KvK Kve©b, A¨vwmwUwjb BZ¨vw`| 01. A¨vwRIUªwcK wgkÖY wK? [SUST. 2015-16]
A. mgmZ¡ `ªeY
JU B. M¨vm-Zij wgkÖY
01. ‡KvbwU Av`k© Zij-Zij `ªeY? [JU-D7.2017-18]
C. GKB Nb‡Z¡i `yB Zi‡ji wgkÖY
A. cvwb-B_vbj B. cvwb- CHCl3
D. `yBwU wfbœ Zi‡ji wgkÖY hv GKwU w¯i ZvcgvÎvq dz‡U
C. ‡c‡›Ub-‡n‡·b D. cvwb- CCl4
E. Bgvjkvb
mwVK DËi: C. ‡c‡›Ub-‡n‡·b
mwVK DËi: D. `yBwU wfbœ Zi‡ji wgkÖY hv GKwU w¯i ZvcgvÎvq dz‡U
02. wgkªY Ges †h․‡Mi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨wU n‡”Q- [JU. 2012-2013]
A. mgmË¡ B. AmgmË¡
e¨vL¨v: A¨vwRIUªwcK wgkÖ‡Yi Aci bvg n‡”Q mgùzUb wgkÖY ev w¯i ùzUbv¼
C. GKwU wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z hy³ D. GKvwaK e¯‧i mgš^‡q MwVZ wgkÖY A_©vr, `ywU wfbœ Zi‡ji wgkÖY hv GKwU w¯i ZvcgvÎvq dz‡U|
mwVK DËi: D. GKvwaK e¯‧i mgš^‡q MwVZ 02 . †Kvb wgkÖY †Kvb we‡kl mshyw³‡Z mgùzUb wgkÖY •Zix K‡i bv? [SUST. 2014-15]
03. cvwb (4.4%) I B_vbj (95.6%) Gi mgùzUb `ªe‡Yi ùzUbvsK KZ? [JU. 2011-2012] A. B_vbj-cvwb B. B_vbj-Kve©b‡UUªv‡K¬vivBW
A.100C B. 78.3C C. 64.5C D. 78.15C C. wg_vbj-†K¬v‡ivdg© D. †ebwRb-UjyBb E. A¨vwm‡Uvb-†K¬v‡ivdg©
mwVK DËi: D. 78.15C mwVK DËi: D. †ebwRb-UjyBb
04. cvwb (31.6%) I bvBwUªK GwmW (68.4%) Gi mgùzUb `ªe‡Yi ùzUbvsK 03. `ªe‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡gœi †KvbwU mwVK? [SUST.2013-2014, MAT.2010-2011]
KZ? [JU. 2011-2012] A. †n‡·b I †n‡Þ‡bi wgkªY nj GKwU Abv`k© `ªeY
A. 120.5C B. 100C C. 86C D. 108.5C B. wgkª‡Yi AvqZb mgvb nq
mwVK DËi: A. 120.5C C. Abv`k© `ªe‡Yi AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y e‡ji Dci †Kvb cÖfve NUvq bv
05. †KvbwU `ªeY bq? [JU. 2011-2012] D. Av`k© `ªe‡Yi †jLwPÎ DËj I AeZj nq|
A. B_vbj B. nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW mwVK DËi: B. wgkª‡Yi AvqZb mgvb nq
C. evqy D. †Kvgj cvbxq
mwVK DËi: B. nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW MBSTU
e¨vL¨v: `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¯‧i mgmË¡ wgkÖY,†h wgkÖ‡Yi Dcv`vb mg~‡ni mshyw³ 01. ivD‡ëi m~ ‡ Îi MvwYwZK iƒc wK? [MBSTU-A.2016-17]
GKwU mxgvi g‡a¨ cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Ges †h wgkª‡Yi e¯‧KYvi AvKvi 10-7

A.P X1 
B. Q Xi C. V P  D. P  R
mwVK DËi: A.P  X1
cm ev Gi †P‡q †QvU nq Zv‡K `ªeY e‡j| mgmË¡ wgkÖ‡Yi KYvi e¨vm 10-
7 -3
cm–10 cm n‡j G‡K KjqWvj wm‡÷g e‡j| evqy GKwU M¨vmxq `ªeY, BSMRSTU
hvi `ªveK n‡”Q bvB‡Uªv‡Rb GLv‡b DËi n‡e B Ackb| 01. †KvbwU abvZ¥K wePz¨wZ m¤úbœ Abv`k© Zij `ªe‡Yi D`vniY?
[BSMRSTU-B.2017-18]
CU
A. B_vbj I cvwb B. B_vbj I A¨vwm‡Uvb
01. AwgkªYxq Zij hyMj †KvbwU? [CU. 2007-2008]
C. cvwb I †ebwRb D. cvwb I H2SO4
A. cvwb I A¨vj‡Kvnj B. cvwb I †dbj
mwVK DËi: A. B_vbj I cvwb
C. cvwb I †ebwRb D. cvwb I mvjwdDwiK GwmW
e¨vL¨v: abvZ¥K wePz¨wZ m¤úbœ Abv`k© Zij- Zij `ªeY : 04. wb‡gœi †Kvb †h․MwUi ùzUbv¼ 78.3C? [MAT.2001-02]
# `yBwU Zi‡ji GKwU †cvjvi Ges AciwU A‡cvjvi n‡e| A. C2H5OH B. CHCl3 C. CCl4 D. CHCl3
#  V > O,  H = + ve mwVK DËi: A. C2H5OH
D`vniY : 1| B_vbj - cvwb Board Ques.
2| WvB B_vBj B_vi - A¨vwm‡Uvb 01. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU wgkÖY?
3| n - †n‡Þb I B_vbj| A. Zn + H2SO4 B. H2 + N2 C. H2 + He D. C + O2 (`nb)
FYvZ¥K wePz¨wZ m¤úbœ Abv`k© Zij - Zij `ªeY : mwVK DËi: C. H2 + He
#`yBwU ZijB †cvjvi n‡e| # H = - ve,  V < O e¨vL¨v: ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i bv Giƒc `ywU ev Z‡ZvwaK ‡g․‡ji ms‡hvM‡K
D`vniY : (1) H2O - H2SO4 (2) HX - H2O wgkÖY e‡j| ‡hgb: H2 + He M¨v‡mi wgkÖY; CO2, N2 I O2 M¨v‡mi wgkÖY|
(3) HNO3 - H2O (4) C5H5N - CH3COOH cÖK…Zc‡ÿ evqy G ‡kÖwYi DrK…ó D`vniY|
02. Av`k© Zij-Zij `ªeY †Kvb m~ÎwU †g‡b P‡j? [BSMRSTU. 2013-14] 02. M¨vmxq Zij `ªeY wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU?
A. e‡q‡ji m~Î B. MÖvnv‡gi m~Î C. ivD‡ëi m~Î D. †nbwii m~Î A. N2 I O2 B. NH3 ‡K cvwb‡Z `ªexf~ZKiY
mwVK DËi: C. ivD‡ëi m~Î C. Pd I H2 ms‡hvRb D. Pt I H2 M¨v‡mi ms‡hvRb
03. Abv`k© `ªe‡Yi •ewkó¨ †KvbwU? [BSMRSTU. 2012-13] mwVK DËi: B. NH3 ‡K cvwb‡Z `ªexf~ZKiY
A. ivD‡ëi m~Î †g‡b P‡j B. Vmix = 0 e¨vL¨v: NH3 M¨vm‡K cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Ki‡j, HCl M¨vm‡K cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z
C. Hmix = 0 D. Hmix > 0 Ki‡j, CO2 M¨vm‡K cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Ki‡j M¨vmxq-Zij `ªeY •Zwi nq|
mwVK DËi: D. Hmix > 0 03. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU ARjxq •Re `ªveK?
A. A¨v‡gvwbqv B. mvjdvi WvB A·vBW
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION C. Kve©b WvB mvjdvBW D. B_v‡bvwqK GwmW
MAT mwVK DËi: D. B_v‡bvwqK GwmW
01. Stainless steel G steel Qvov Avi Kx _v‡K? [MAT. 2019-20] e¨vL¨v: ‡ebwRb, UjyBb, B_vi, A¨vj‡Kvnj, B_v‡bvwqK GwmW, ‡K‡ivwmb BZ¨vw`
A. Chromium B. Vanadium C. Nickel D. Manganese ARjxq •Re `ªveK Ges A¨v‡gvwbqv, mvjdvi WvBA·vBW, Kve©b WvB
mwVK DËi: A. Chromium mvjdvBW n‡jv A‣Re `ªveK|
e¨vL¨v: Stainless steel ev gwiPv‡ivax B¯úv‡Zi ivmvqwbK mshyw³: Fe- 73%, 04. ‡KvbwU ‡auvqvkv m„wó Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i?
Cr- 18%, Ni- 8%, C- 1%| A. PAN B. BAN
02. B_vbj (15.9%) I CCl4 (84.1%) mgùzUb wgkª‡Yi ùzUbvsK (0C) wb‡gœi C. DO D. CO
†KvbwU? [MAT.2010-11] mwVK DËi: A. PAN
A. 108.6 B. 120.5 C. 65.10 D. 53.4 e¨vL¨v: A¨vwm‡Uvb ev ‡cÖvcv‡bvb evqy‡Z G‡m Av‡jvK ivmvqwbK wewµqvi gva¨‡g
mwVK DËi: C. 65.10 cviA·vBW ‡iwWK¨vj Drcbœ K‡i hv cieZ©x‡Z NO2 Gi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i
03. Zij-Zij wgkªY KZ cÖKvi? [MAT.2004-05] gvivZ¥K welv³ cviA·vBj A¨vmvBj bvB‡UªU (PAN) Drcbœ K‡i| G
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 PAN †auvqvkv m„wó Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| |
mwVK DËi: C. 3
WRITEEN  CONCEPT : 16 MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM-01 [MATH]  MCQ

GENERAL METHOD SHORTCUT TRICKS
 Item-01 : M¨v‡mi cÖv_wgK m~Î m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM:
m~‡Îi bvg MvwYwZK mgxKiY mvs‡KwZK wPý

e‡q‡ji m~Î P1V1 = P2V2 P = Pvc
V1 V2
Pvj©‡mi m~Î = V = AvqZb
T1 T2
P1 P
Pvcxq m~Î = 2 T = ZvcgvÎv
T1 T2
P1V1 P2 V2
e‡qj I Pvj©‡mi mgš^q m~Î = m = fi
T1 T2
m PV X V ( L) M = AvbweK fi; S = NbgvÎv
mgš^q m~Î n= = = 6.023  10 23 = = VS
M RT 22 .4 x = Aby/cigvYyi msL¨v
 Xvwe fwZ© cixÿvq memgq †UKwbK mg„× AsKB †ewk Av‡m Kv‡RB †h ‡UKwb‡K cvi`k©x †m As‡K cvi`k©x| Gevi †Zvgv‡ì e‡qj, Pvj©m I †M-jym¨v‡Ki m~Î
mwVK evsjvq eyS‡Z n‡e| weMZ eQi ¸‡jv‡Z wb‡Pi wZbwU AvB‡Ug †_‡KB †ewk cÖkœ G‡m‡Q|
kU©KvU wUªKm: w¯i kã D‡jøwLZ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM:
1
 cÖ‡kœ w¯i ZvcgvÎv D‡jøL _vK‡j (V P ) AvqZb Pv‡ci e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK A_v©r Pvc hZ evo‡e AvqZb ZZ Kg‡e| A_©vr wØ¸Y, wZb¸Y, Pvi¸‡Yi †ÿ‡Î = 1/2, 1/3, 1/4
Ges fMœvs‡ki gvb‡K ¸Y Ki‡e| †hgb GK Z…Zxqvsk D‡jøL _vK‡j wZb¸Y Ges GK cÂgvsk D‡jøL _vK‡j cvuP¸Y| Gevi we‡kølYx `„wó w`‡q jÿ¨ Kiv hvK-
 D`vniY-01. 25°C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨vm 1500cm3 AvqZb `Lj K‡i| Pvc‡K e„w× K‡i wZb ¸Y Kiv nj| H ZvcgvÎvq AvqZb KZ n‡e?
V 1050
†UKwbKt †h‡nZz ZvcgvÎv w¯i I Pvc wZb¸Y myZivs cwieZ©xZ AvqZb = 3 = = 500 cm3
22
 D`vniY-02. †Kvb wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 500 ml| Pvc‡K Avw` Pv‡ci A‡a©K Kiv n‡j H ZvcgvÎvq AvqZb KZ n‡e?
†UKwbKt †h‡nZz ZvcgvÎv w¯i I Pvc‡K A‡a©K Kiv n‡q‡Q Kv‡RB AvqZb‡K wØ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡e| myZivs cwieZ©xZ AvqZb = 2V0 = 2500 = 1000 ml
 cÖ‡kœ w¯i Pvc D‡jøL _vK‡j (VT) AvqZb ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK A_©vr ZvcgvÎv hZ evo‡e AvqZb I ZZ evo‡e|
D`vniY-01. Pvc AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L wbw`©ó cwigvY †Kvb M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡j Zvi AvqZb wØ¸Y n‡e| Avw` ZvcgvÎv = 0°C
†UKwbKt ‡h‡nZz Pvc w¯i Ges AvqZb wØ¸Y D‡jøL Av‡Q Kv‡RB ZvcgvÎvI wØ¸Y n‡e myZivs cwieZ©xZ ZvcgvÎv, T = 2T0 = 2273 = 546K=273°C
D`vniY-02. 13°C ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb w¯i Pv‡c wØ¸Y Kiv nj| GB Ae¯vq M¨vmwUi ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e?
†UKwbKt ‡h‡nZz Pvc w¯i Ges AvqZb wØ¸Y Kv‡RB  V = 2T= 2 (17+273) = 572K= 299°C
 cÖ‡kœ w¯i AvqZb D‡jøL _vK‡j (PT) Pvc ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK A_©vr Pvc hZ evo‡e ev Kg‡e ZvcgvÎvI ZZ evo‡e ev Kg‡e|
 Gevi we‡kølYx `„wó wb‡q D`vniY jÿ¨ Ki-
D`vniY- †Kvb wbw`ó AvqZ‡bi M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 17°C AvqZb w¯i †i‡L M¨vmwU‡K DËß Kivq Zvi Pvc wØ¸Y e„w× †cj| H M¨vmwUi ZvcgvÎv KZ nj?
†UKwbKt †h‡nZz AvqZb w¯i D‡jøL Av‡Q Kv‡RB cwieZ©xZ ZvcgvÎv, T = 2T0= 2 (17+273) = 580k= 307°C
mZK©t GKvwaK gvb _vK‡j mivmwi m~Î eënvi KivB fvj|
 e‡q‡ji m~Î m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM I mgvavb:

Ex-01. STP †Z GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZb 150cm3 GKB ZvcgvÎvq D³ M¨v‡mi Pvc A‡a©K Ki‡j AvqZb KZ n‡e?
GENERAL RULES(Written) TRICKS & TIPS[TnT] (MCQ)
P1V1=P2V2 1
1
†h‡nZz V P ZvB Pvc A‡a©K n‡j AvqZb wØ¸Y n‡e KviY e‡q‡ji m~‡Î ZvcgvÎv w¯i m¤úK©
P1= P, P2 = P V2= 300 cm3
2 e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK: V2 = 2V1 = 2  150 = 300 mL
Ex-02. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 250 mL| Pvc‡K Avw` Pv‡ci A‡a©K Kiv n‡j H ZvcgvÎvq AvqZb KZ n‡e?
P ZvcgvÎv w¯i m¤úK© e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK-ZvB Pvc A‡a©K n‡j AvqZb wØ¸Y
P1V1 = P2V2  P  250 = V2  V2 = 2  250  V2 = 500 mL
2 n‡e| V2 = 2V1 = 2  250 = 500 mL
Ex-03. GKwU d¬v‡¯‥ 10 atm Pv‡c 50 L nvB‡Wªv‡Rb fwZ© Av‡Q| 2L AvqZbwewkó KZ¸‡jv †ejyb‡K H M¨vm Øviv fwZ© Kiv hv‡e hv‡Z cÖwZwU †ejy‡bi wfZ‡i
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi Pvc 2 atm Pv‡ci mgvb nq?
mgvavb: awi , †ejy‡bi msL¨v = x wU, 1wU †ejy‡bi AvqZb = 2L  x msL¨K †ejy‡bi AvqZb = 2xL
1050
m~Îvbymv‡i, P1V1  P2 V2  10  50 = 2  2x x=  x = 125  ‡ejy‡bi msL¨v = 125 wU (Ans.)
22
 Pvj©‡mi m~Î m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM I mgvavb:
Ex-01. 27˚C ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb w¯’i Pv‡c wØ¸Y Kiv n‡jv| GB Ae¯’vq M¨vmwUi ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e?

V1 V2 V2 T1 2V300 ‡h‡nZz V  T ZvB AvqZb wØ¸Y n‡j ZvcgvÎv wØ¸Y n‡e|
=  T2 =  T2 =  T2 = 600 K = 327˚C
T1 T2 V1 V T2 = 2T1 = 2  300K = 600K = 327˚C
Ex-02. Pvc w¯’i †i‡L GKwU M¨v‡mi (AvqZb 3000 cm3) ZvcgvÎv A‡a©K Kiv n‡jv| cwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq Dnvi AvqZb KZ?
1
3000  T ∵ V  T ZvB ZvcgvÎv A‡a©K n‡j AvqZbI A‡a©K n‡e|
V1 V2 V1T2 2
=  V2 =  V2 =  V2 = 1500 cm Ans.
3
1 1
T1 T2 T1 T V2 = V1 =  3000 = 1500 cm3
2 2
Ex-03. w¯i Pv‡c 27C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 500 ml n‡j 327C ZvcgvÎvq Zvi AvqZb KZ n‡e?
V1 V2 VT 500  600
mgvavb: m~Îvbymv‡i,   V2  1 2  V2  V2 = 1000ml = 1.0 L
T1 T2 T1 300
Ex-04.27C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZb 10 m3| Pvc w¯i †i‡L ZvcgvÎv KZ C e„w× Ki‡j AvqZb 12 m3 n‡e?
V1 V2 TV 300  12
mgvavb: Pvj©‡mi m~Îvbymv‡i,  T2  1 2  T2   T2 = 360 K
T1 T2 V1 10
 cÖ‡qvRbxq ZvcgvÎv, T = (360  300)C = 60C (Ans.)
Ex-05. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv I 1 atm Pv‡c K‡qKwU gv‡e©jmn M¨‡mi AvqZb 200 mL nq| ZvcgvÎv AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L Pvc‡K wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j H gv‡e©jmn M¨v‡mi
AvqZb n«vm †c‡q 105 mL nq| H gv‡e©‡ji AvqZb KZ? [BUET. 2013-14]
mgvavb: e‡q‡ji m~Î g‡Z, P1V1 = P2V2 cÖkœ g‡Z, M¨v‡mi
 1 atm  (200 – V) mL = 2 atm  (105 – V) mL cÖv_wgK AvqZb, V1 = (200 – V) mL
ev, 200 – V = 210 – 2V cÖv_wgK Pvc, P1 = 1 atm.
ev, V = (210 – 200) = 10 mL cwiewZ©Z AvqZb, V2 = (105 – V) mL
gv‡e©‡ji †gvU AvqZb 10 mL ev, 10 cm3. cwiewZ©Z Pvc, P2 = 2 atm.
†M-jymv‡Ki m~‡Îi MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM I mgvavb:
Ex-01. †Kvb wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 17˚C| AvqZb w¯’i †i‡L M¨vmwU‡K DËß Kivq Zvi Pvc wØ¸Y †cj| H M¨vmwUi ZvcgvÎv KZ nj?
P1 P2 P2 T1 2P  290 ∵ P  T ZvB Pvc wØ¸Y n‡j ZvcgvÎv wØ¸Y n‡e|
=  T2 =  T2 =  T2 = 580K = 307˚C
T1 T2 P1 P T2 = 2T1 = 2290K = 580K = 307˚C
Ex-02. †Kvb wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 27°C AvqZb w¯i †i‡L M¨vmwU‡K DËß Kivq Zvi Pvc Pvi¸Y e„w× †cj| H M¨vmwUi ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× †cj?
P1 P2
  T2 = 4 T1 = 3004 K=1200K ∵ P  T ZvB Pvc Pvi¸Y n‡j ZvcgvÎv Pvi¸Y n‡e|
T1 T2 T= 4T0 = 4300 = 1200K ZvcgvÎv e„w×t T=1200-300=900K=900C
ZvcgvÎv e„w×t T= T2-T1=1200-300=900K=900C
Ex-03. GKwU Aw·‡Rb wmwjÛvi 260 evqyPvc mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wmwjÛviwU 130 evqyPv‡c Ges 27C ZvcgvÎvq Aw·‡Rb Øviv c~Y© Kiv nj| KZ
ZvcgvÎvq wmwjÛviwU we‡ùvwiZ n‡e?
P P PT 260  300
mgvavb: 1  2  T2  2 1  T2  = 600 K  ZvcgvÎv = (600  273)K= 327K = 327C (Ans.)
T1 T2 P1 130
 wmwjÛviwU 327C Gi AwaK ZvcgvÎvq we‡ùvwiZ n‡e|
 e‡qj I Pvj©‡mi mgš^q m~‡Îi MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM I mgvavb:
Ex-01. 30C ZvcgvÎvq I 606 Pa Pv‡c GKwU wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi AvqZb 0.1L n‡j 20C ZvcgvÎvq KZ Pv‡c M¨vmwUi AvqZb 2.00 L n‡e?
 P2  1 1 2  P2 = 606  0.1  293  P2 = 293 = 29.3 Pa (Ans.)

P1V1 P2 V2 PVT
mgvavb: m~Îvbymv‡i, 
T1 T2 T1V2 303  2.0 10
Ex-02. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq I 1 atm Pv‡c a~wjKYv wgwkÖZ Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 100 mL| ZvcgvÎv AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L Pvc 75% e„w× Kiv n‡j a~wjKYvmn
Aw·‡R‡bi AvqZb n«vm †c‡q 65 mL nq| a~wjKYvi AvqZb KZ?
PV PV 1(100 – x) 1.75  (65 – x)
mgvavb: T1 1 = T2 2 ; awi, x = a~wji AvqZb (ml) myZivs T1
=
T1
; [T2 = T1]
1 2
 (100 – x) = 1.75  (65 – x)  x = 18.3333 ml (Ans.)

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 02. 13°C ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb w¯i Pv‡c wØ¸Y
Kiv nj| GB Ae¯vq M¨vmwUi ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e? [DU.2008-09]
DU A. 7.5°C B. 299°C C. 13°C D. 26°C
01. cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c (STP) †Kvb M¨v‡mi 1.0 MÖvg me‡P‡q †ewk mwVK DËi: B. 299°C
AvqZb `Lj K‡i? [DU,Unit-A:2018-19]
V T ,T  2T0  2  (273  13) = 572K= 299C
e¨vL¨v: VT,
A. N2 B. H2 C. O2 D. Ar
mwVK DËi: B. H2 03. Pvc w¯i †i‡L GKwU M¨v‡mi (AvqZb 1000 cm3) ZvcgvÎv A‡a©K Kiv
nj| cwiewZ©Z Ae¯vq Dnvi AvqZb KZ n‡e? [DU.2006-07]
e¨vL¨v: A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªvi m~Î g‡Z, V  n [P I T w¯i]
A. 2000 cm3 B. 500 cm3 C. 1000 cm3 D. 1500 cm3
myZivs 1g H2 me‡P‡q †ewk AvqZb `Lj Ki‡e| mwVK DËi: B. 500 cm3
e¨vL¨v: ‡UKwbKt w¯i Pv‡c †h †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb Dnvi cig ZvcgvÎvi 03. GKB ZvcgvÎvq GKB AvqZ‡bi cÖ_g cv‡Î 1 mol N2 Ges wØZxq cv‡Î 1
mgvbycvwZK A_v©r V  T, P w¯i| d‡j ZvcgvÎv A‡a©K n‡j M¨v‡mi mol CO2 ivLv n‡jv| wb‡gœi †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK bq? [RU-H.2016-17]
AvqZbI A‡a©K n‡e| A. Dfq cv‡Î cigvYyi msL¨v mgvb B. Dfq cv‡Î AYyi msL¨v mgvb
C. cÖ_g cv‡Î Pvc wbgœZi D. cÖ_g cv‡Î N2 AYyi MwZ D”PZi
myZivs V  1 V  1  1000  500 cm 3 mwVK DËi: C. cÖ_g cv‡Î Pvc wbgœZi
2 2
04. †Kvb wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 0°C AvqZb w¯i †i‡L M¨vmwU‡K e¨vL¨v: P  n
DËß Kivq Zvi Pvc Pvi¸Y e„w× †cj| H M¨vmwUi ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× †cj? 04. 0.95 atm Pv‡c 25˚C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZb 0.38 L n‡j D³
[DU.1999-2000] ZvcgvÎvq 1 atm Pv‡c M¨vmwUi AvqZb KZ n‡e? [RU. 2012-13]
A. 850 B. 800 C. 810 D. 819 A. 0.371 L B. 0.361 L C. 0.375 L D. 0.369 L
mwVK DËi: D. 819 mwVK DËi: B. 0.361 L
e¨vL¨v: P1  P2 P1=P, T1 =273 e¨vL¨v: P1V1  P2 V2  0.95  0.38  1 V2  V2  0.361L
T1 T2 05. 3L †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc I ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g wÎ¸Y I wØ¸Y e„w× Ki‡j
 T2 = 4 T1 = 1092 K; P2= 4P=, T2=? M¨vmwUi bZyb AvqZb n‡e? [RU.2010-11]
ZvcgvÎv e„w× T2-T1=819C. A. 4 L B. 2 L C. 6 L D. 3 L
†UKwbK: T=4T0  4  273  1092 K  819 C mwVK DËi: B. 2 L
3
05. STP †Z GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZb 150cm GKB ZvcgvÎvq D³ M¨v‡mi Pvc PV P V P  3 3P  V2
e¨vL¨v: 1 1  2 2    V2  2
A‡a©K Ki‡j AvqZb KZ n‡e? [DU.1995-96] T1 T2 T 2T
A. 75 cm3 B. 150 cm3 C. 225 cm3 D. 300 cm3 06. 170C ZvcgvÎvi 290 mL ‡Kvb M¨vm‡K w¯i Pv‡c 130C ZvcgvÎvq
3
mwVK DËi: D. 300 cm kxZjxKiY Ki‡j M¨vmwUi cwiewZ©Z AvqZb n‡e? [RU.2010-11]
e¨vL¨v: ‡UKwbK- V = 2V0 = 2150 = 300 A. 260 mL B. 270 mL C. 286 mL D. 290 mL
g‡b ivL‡e, w¯i ZvcgvÎvq Pvc A‡a©K Ki‡j AvqZb wØ¸Y n‡e| mwVK DËi: C. 286 mL
T T T 290  286
JnU e¨vL¨v: ‡h‡nZz Pvc w¯i 2  1  V2  2  V1   286 ml
01. 1 mol PvD‡j c„w_exi 5000 wgwjqb †jvK‡K •`wbK wZb †ejv K‡i KZ V 2 V1 T 1 290
w`b LvIqv‡bv hv‡e? GKRb †jvK‡K cÖwZ‡ejv LvIqv‡Z 10000 msL¨K 07. 20°C ZvcgvÎvq 0.75 Pv‡c 1 mL AvqZ‡bi †Kvb M¨v‡m KZ †gvj M¨vm
PvDj jv‡M| [JnU. 2011-12] Av‡Q? [RU.2009-10]
A. cÖvq 1 w`b B. cÖvq 1 eQi A. 1.23  10-5 mol B. 3.12  10-5 mol
C. 2.31  10 mol
-5
D.1.32  10-5 mol
C. cÖvq 1 nvRvi eQi D. cÖvq 1 †KvwU eQi
mwVK DËi: B. 3.12  10 mol
-5
mwVK DËi: D. cÖvq 1 †KvwU eQi
PV 0.75  0.001
6.02 10 23 e¨vL¨v: n =  = 3.1210–5
e¨vL¨v:  4015333333  11000913 eQi| RT 0.0821  293
30000  5 10 9 08. w¯i ZvcgvÎvq I 1 atm Pv‡c †Kvb wbw`©ó f‡ii Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi AvqZb
3.15 wjUvi| M¨v‡mi Pvc e„w× K‡i 2.5 atm Kiv n‡j AvqZb KZ n‡e?
JU [RU. 2008-09]
01. GKRb †jvK GK wbtk¦v‡m 200ml evqy MÖnY K‡i| evqyi ZvcgvÎv 27C A. 1.62 wj. B. 216 wj. C. 621 wj. D. 1.26 wj.
Ges †m mg‡q evZv‡mi Pvc 750mm (Hg) n‡j †jvKwU GKev‡i KZ¸‡jv mwVK DËi: D. 1.26 wj.
M¨vm AYy MÖnY K‡i? [JU. 2010-11] e¨vL¨v: P1V1 = P2V2 ev, 1  3.15  2.5  V V2=1.26 L
2
A. 4.831021 B. 6.0231023 C. 12.0231023 D. 8.831021 09. 1 atm Pv‡c Pjbkxj wcóbhy ³ GKwU wmwjÛv‡ii wKQz M¨vm 27C
mwVK DËi: A. 4.831021 ZvcgvÎvq ivLv nj| M¨v‡mi AvqZb wØ¸Y Ki‡Z wmwjÛviwUi ZvcgvÎv
e¨vL¨v: X = PV X  0.98  0.200  6.023 10  4.83 10 21
23
DbœxZ Ki‡Z n‡e: [RU.2006-07]
NA RT 0.0821  300 A. 227C B. 327C C. 350C D.400C
RU mwVK DËi: B. 327C
01. 25˚C ZvcgvÎvq 1 atm Pv‡c 4L O2 M¨vm‡K 0.8L G cwiYZ Ki‡Z Pvc e¨vL¨v: †h‡nZz, Pvc w¯i Ges AvqZb wØ¸Y
e„w×i cwigvY n‡e- [RU. 2019-20] myZivs- V T
A. 5 atm B. 4 atm C. 3 atm D. 2 atm V = 2T = 2×(273+27) = 600 K = 327C
mwVK DËi: B. 4 atm CU
14 09. w¯i Pv‡c 27C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 300 cm3 n‡j 0C
e¨vL¨v: P1V1 = P2V2 ; P2 = 0.8 = 5 ; P = 5 – 1 = 4
ZvcgvÎvq H M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ n‡e? [CU.10-11; 11-12; CU. 01-02; RU.06-07]
02. 1kg Zij cvwbi AvqZb 1L wKš‧ 100°C ZvcgvÎvq 1 evqygÐjxq Pv‡c A. 273 cm3 B.280 cm3 C. 300 cm3 D. 546 cm3 E. 290 cm3
1kg Rjxq ev‡®úi AvqZb KZ? [RU-F3.2017-18] mwVK DËi: A. 273 cm3
A. 1230 L B. 1245 L C. 1250 L D. 1260 L V V
mwVK DËi: B. 1245 L e¨vL¨v: ‡h‡nZz Pvc w¯i 2  1
T2 T1
e¨vL¨v: 1kg Zij cvwbi AvqZb cÖvq 1L wKš‧ 100°C ZvcgvÎvq I GK
T 273
evqygÐjxq (1atm) Pv‡c 1kg Rjxq ev‡®úi AvqZb cÖvq 1245L|  V2  2  V1   300  600
273cm 3
273
[we.`ª : GwU †Kvb MvwYwZK mgm¨v bq| m¤ú~Y© ZË¡xq welq] T1 300
3ASPECT SERIES 
10. w¯i Pv‡c 54 †m ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi AvqZb 250 cm n‡j 02. GKwU wmwjÛv‡i 2 atm Pv‡c 27C ZvcgvÎvq 5L evZvm ivLv Av‡Q| Lye
GKB Pv‡c 381 ‡m ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ n‡e? [CU. 2007-08] ax‡i ax‡i evZv‡mi Pvc wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j evZv‡mi AvqZb Ges ZvcgvÎv KZ
A. 150 cm3 B. 300 cm3 C. 350 cm3 n‡e? [SUST. 2010-11]
D. 400 cm3 E. 500cm3 A. 3.0L, 95C B. 3.5L, 25C C. 1.5L, 28C D. 2.5L, 27C
mwVK DËi: E. 500cm3 mwVK DËi: D. 2.5L, 27C
V V V T 250  654 e¨vL¨v: †h‡nZz m‡gvò cÖwµqv ZvB ZvcgvÎv GKB _vK‡e, P1V1 = P2V2
e¨vL¨v: 1  2  V2  1 2 = = 500 cm3 P1V1 2  5 5
T1 T2 T1 54  273  V2 = = = = 2.5L
P2 4 2
11. wjUvi AvqZ‡bi cv‡Î GKwU M¨vm 27C I 1 evqygÐjxq Pv‡c Ave× Av‡Q| 03. GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c KZ MÖvg H2S Gi AvqZb 56g N2 Gi M¨vm
ZvcgvÎv Avi KZ evov‡j M¨v‡mi AvqZb ‡ò ¸Y e„w× cv‡e? [CU. 2006-07] AvqZ‡bi mgvb n‡e? [SUST:2007-2008]
A. 150C B. 77C C. 250C D. 300C E. 350C A. 56 B. 68 C. 28 D. 34
mwVK DËi: A. 150C mwVK DËi: B. 68
V V 1.5300 e¨vL¨v: GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mgAvqZb wewkó `ywU M¨v‡mi ‡ÿ‡Î,
e¨vL¨v: 1  2 T2= 1 = 450 K = 177C
m1 m 2 56  34
T1 T2 
n1 = n2,  m1  = 68
ZvcgvÎv evov‡Z n‡e = 177-27 = 150C M1 M 2 28
3
12. w¯i ZvcgvÎv Ges 2 atm Pv‡c †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 100cm3 n‡j 4atm 04. 27C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZb 10 m | Pvc w¯i †i‡L ZvcgvÎv
Pv‡c H M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ n‡e? [CU. 2003-04] KZ C e„w× Ki‡j AvqZb 12 m n‡e?
3
[SUST:2007-2008]
A. 50 cm 3
B. 100cm 3
C. 200 cm 3-
D. 400 cm 3 A. 5.4 B. 32.4 C. 22.5 D.60°C
mwVK DËi: A. 50 cm3 mwVK DËi: D. 60°C
V V 12300
e¨vL¨v: P1V1 = P2V2  2×100 = 4V2V2 = 50 e¨vL¨v: 1  2  T2 = 10 = 360 K
13. wbw`©ó AvqZ‡b He M¨vm‡K 0°C ZvcgvÎvi ZZÿY ch©šÍ kxZj Kiv nj T1 T2
hZÿY bv Gi Pvc A‡a©K nq| M¨vmwUi cwiewZ©Z ZvcgvÎv n‡e- ZvcgvÎv e„w× = (360–300)K = 60°C
[CU. 2002-03] 05. ZvcgvÎv w¯i †i‡L 2.63 atm Pv‡c 1520 mL AvqZb wewkó GKwU
A. -63.5°C B. -136.5°C C. .-163.5°C D. -273.0°C M¨vm‡K cÖgvY Pv‡c Avbv n‡j Zvi AvqZb n‡e- [SUST:2006-2007]
mwVK DËi: B. -136.5°C A. 3997.6mL B. 2996.7mL C. 9337.6ml D. 4997.6mL
1 mwVK DËi: A. 3997.6ml
e¨vL¨v: PPT,
T, T  T0 = 1/2× 273 = 136.5K= (136.5-273)C = -136.5C e¨vL¨v: P1V1= P2V2  2.631520=1 V2 V2 = 3997.6mL
2
JUST
IU 01. w¯i Pv‡c I (5°C) ZvcgvÎvq 1500 ml †PZbvbvkK M¨vm †Kvb †ivMxi
01. w¯i Pv‡c wbw`©ó f‡ii nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm 300 K (A_©vr 27° C) ZvcgvÎvq kix‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv n‡jv| †ivMxi †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv 37°C n‡j cÖweó
906 ml AvqZb `Lj K‡i| †h ZvcgvÎvq H M¨v‡mi AvqZb 500 ml n‡e- M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ ml n‡e? [JUST-B.2017-18]
[IU:2013-14] A. 1692.83 B. 1672.66 C. 1572.66 D. 1592.83
A. – 150.44°C B. 107.44°C C. –110.44°C D. –107.44°C mwVK DËi: B. 1672.66
mwVK DËi: D. –107.44°C V V V T 1500  310
V1 V2 V2T1 500  300 e¨vL¨v: 1  2  V2  1 2   1672.66ml
e¨vL¨v: T = T  T2 = V   165 .56 K  107 .44 C
o
T1 T2 T1 278
1 2 1 906
02. w¯i ZvcgvÎvq 100 †mwg Pv‡c †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 5 wjUvi n‡j 50 †mwg
02. GKwU M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 17C. ZvcgvÎv evov‡bv n‡jv; d‡j M¨v‡mi Pvc
Pv‡c H M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ? [JUST. 2015-16]
AcwiewZ©Z iBj; wKš‧ AvqZb wØ¸Y n‡q †Mj| ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× †cj?
A. 5 wjUvi B. 10 wjUvi C. 7.5 wjUvi D. 12.5 wjUvi
[IU.2009-10]
A. 290C B. 250C C. 390C D. 350C mwVK DËi: B. 10 wjUvi
mwVK DËi: A. 290C 1005
e¨vL¨v: P1V1 = P2V2  V2 = 50 = 10L
e¨vL¨v: V  2T  2  (273  17)  580K  307C
PUST
 ZvcgvÎv e„w× = (307-17)C = 290C 01. 273 K ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi AvqZb 100.0 L| w¯i Pv‡c AvqZb
Kwg‡q hw` 50.0 L Kiv nq Zvn‡j M¨v‡mi bZzb ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e?
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION [PUST. 2019-20]
SUST A. 119 K B. 137 K C. 153 K D. 169 K
01. `yBwU cvÎ A I B h_vµ‡g mgf‡ii CO2 I CH4 w`‡q c~Y© Kiv nj| mwVK DËi: B . 137 K
GKB ZvcgvÎvq cvÎ `ywU‡Z M¨v‡mi Pvc mgvb cvIqv †Mj| cvÎ A Gi e¨vL¨v: V1 = V2  T2 = T1V2 = 273  50 = 136.5 K
T1 T2 V1 100
AvqZb 24 wjUvi n‡j cvÎ B Gi AvqZb KZ wjUvi? [SUST-B.2016-17]
A. 88/3 B. 32 C. 48 D. 66 E. 88
MBSTU
mwVK DËi: D. 66 01. w¯i Zv‡c †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi Pvc wØ¸Y evov‡j AvqZb n‡e-[MBSTU-A1.2017-18]
A. wØ¸Y B. A‡a©K C. Pvi ¸Y D. GK PZz_©vsk
e¨vL¨v: We have V1 = n1 ; Where V2= CH4 Gi AvqZb = ? mwVK DËi: B. A‡a© K
V n 2 2
1 44 V1 P1 V1 P V1 1
V1 = V2
W 2 M1
 = 24 ×  = 66 e¨vL¨v: V1 P1  V2 P2  V2      V1
M2 W 1 16 1 P2 2P 2 2
NSTU STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
01. w¯i ZvcgvÎvq I 1 atm Pv‡c †Kvb wbw`©ó f‡ii Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi AvqZb
4.15 L nq| H Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi Pvc e„w× K‡i 3 atm Kiv nj| ZLb H MAT
M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ n‡e? [NSTU-A. 2019-20] 01. 27C ZvcgvÎvq 300 ml cwigvY GKwU M¨vm‡K GKB Pv‡c †i‡L 7C
A. 1.26 L B. 2.26 L C. 1.5 L D. 3.15 L ZvcgvÎvq wb‡q Avmv n‡j Bnvi AvqZb n‡e [MAT. 2015-16]
mwVK DËi: C. 1.5 L A. 280 ml B. 540 ml C. 350 ml D. 135 ml
P V 1  4.15 mwVK DËi: A. 280 ml
e¨vL¨v: P1V1 = P2V2  V2 = P1 1 = 3 = 1.38 = 1.5 L (cÖvq) GLv‡b,
2 V1 V2
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION e¨vL¨v:  V1 = 300
T1 T2 T1 = (27+273)K
BUET T2 = (7+273)K
300 V2
01. GKwU ‡j․nwmwjÛv‡i 250 kPa Pv‡c Ges 300K ZvcgvÎvi wnwjqvg M¨vm    280 ml V2 =?
300 280 V2 wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
fwZ© Av‡Q wmwjÛviwU 1  103 kPa Pvc mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Mjbv¼
1800K| wmwjÛviwUi Mjbv¼ ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi Pvc KZ n‡e? wmwjÛviwU 02. 20C ZvcgvÎvq 80 kPa Pv‡c GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY M¨v‡mi AvqZb 0.25
Kx M‡j hv‡e bvwK we‡ùvwiZ n‡e? [BUET. 2018-19] m3| 20C ZvcgvÎvq D³ M¨v‡mi AvqZb 0.50 m3 n‡j M¨vmwUi Pvc
e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb P1 = P2 GLv‡b KZ n‡e? [MAT:13-14]
T1 T2 P1 = 250103 Pa A. 20 kPa B. 40 kPa C. 50 kPa D. 60 kPa
250  103 P T1 = 300 K mwVK DËi: B. 40 kPa
 = 2 T2 = 1800 K
300 1800 e¨vL¨v: M¨v‡mi mgš^q m~Î †_‡K cvB:
 P2=1.5106 = 1.5103 kPa P2 =?
P1V1 P2V2 P1 = 80 kPa
†h‡nZz Mjbv‡¼ Pv‡ci gvb mnbkxj gvb =
T1 T2 V1 = 0.25 m3
A‡cÿv †ewk ZvB wmwjÛviwU we‡ùvwiZ n‡e|
P1V1T2 T1 = 20C = (273 + 20)
02. wekªvgKv‡j GK e¨w³ 250C ZvcgvÎv I 100 kPa Pv‡c GK N›Uvq 14 L  P2 =
V2T1 = 293 K
Aw·‡Rb MÖnY K‡i| e¨w³wU KZ †gvj Aw·‡Rb MÖnY K‡i? [BUET: 08-09]
0.25  80  293 V 2 = 0.50 m3
A. 0.57 mol B. 0.44 mol C. 1.6 mol D. 0.322mol = = 40
mwVK DËi: A. 0.57 mol 0.50  293 T2 = 20C = (273 + 20)
= 293 K
P1V1 P2V2 100  14  273
e¨vL¨v:   V2 
P1V1T 2  P 2 =?
T1 T2 P2V1 101.325  298 03. w¯i ZvcgvÎvq I 1 atm Pv‡c †Kvb wbw`©ó f‡ii Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi AvqZb
12 .65779 3.15 L nq| H Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi Pvc e„w× K‡i 2.50 atm Kiv n‡j, ZLb
 12.65779L  myZivs †gvj msL¨v = = 0.57 mol H M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ? [MAT: 2005-2006]
22 .4
A. 2.16 B. 1.26 C. 1.62 D. 6.21
KUET mwVK DËi: B. 1.26
3
01. 80 cm M¨v‡mi AvqZb 20% ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv wKš‧ Pv‡ci †Kvb cwieZ©b
e¨vL¨v: P1V1  P2 V2 1  3.15  2.50  V2  V2  1.26
n‡jv bv| cÖviw¤¢K ZvcgvÎv 250C n‡j M¨vmwU KZ ZvcgvÎvq DËß Kiv
n‡qwQj? [KUET. 2015-16] 04. GKwU d¬v‡· 10 atm Pv‡c 50 L nvB‡Wªv‡Rb fwZ© Kiv Av‡Q| 2 L AvqZb
A. 357.60C B. 3000C C. 84.60C D. 60.00C E.76.40C wewkó KZwU †ejyb‡K H M¨vm Øviv fwZ© Kiv hv‡e; hLb cÖwZwU †ejyb Gi
mwVK DËi: C. 84.60C wfZi nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi Pvc 2 atm n‡e| [cÖwZ †ÿ‡Î M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv
(80+80
20
)298
w¯i Av‡Q]? [MAT: 2001-2002]
V2T1 100 A. 105 wU ‡ejy b B. 90 wU †ejy b
e¨vL¨v: T2 = V = =357.6K = 84.60C
1 80 C. 120 wU †ejyb D. 125 wU †ejyb
02. KZ wWMÖx ZvcgvÎvq 100kPa Pv‡c 2.24dm3 GKwU cv‡Î 14.0gmN2 mwVK DËi: D. 125wU †ejyb
M¨v‡mi ms‡KvPbkxjZv ¸Yv¼ 0.10 n‡e? [KUET. 2014-15]
A. – 3.64ºC B.265.72 ºC C. 269.36 ºC
e¨vL¨v: awi , †ejy‡bi msL¨v = x wU,
D. 538.7 ºC E. -273K 1wU †ejy‡bi AvqZb = 2L  x msL¨K †ejy‡bi AvqZb = 2xL
mwVK DËi: B.265.72 ºC m~Îvbymv‡i, P1V1  P2 V2  10  50 = 2  2x
100
 2.24 10  50
PV  x  x = 125  ‡ejy‡bi msL¨v = 125 wU
e¨vL¨v: Z =  0.1 = 101 .325 2  2
RT 0.5  0.0821  T
T = 538.72K = (538.72  273)C = 265.72ºC
 Item-02 : M¨vm m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM:
M¨vm mgxKiY `yB cÖKvit 01.Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY 02.ev¯Íe M¨vm ev f¨vb&Wvi Iqvjm mgxKiY
 Sub Item-01 : Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY
m~‡Îi bvg MvwYwZK mgxKiY mvs‡KwZK wPý
Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY w m PM w = cÖ`Ë fi
PV = nRT  PV = RT (d)=
M V RT M = AvYweK fi
d = NbZ¡
Ex-01. 27°C ZvcgvÎvq 0.82 atm Pv‡c 14 g bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi AvqZb KZ?
mRT 14× 0.0821 × 300
mgvavb: V = MP = 28 × 0.82
= 15 L
Ex-02. 27°C ZvcgvÎvq Ges 1.64 atm Pv‡c GKwU bgybv M¨v‡m 500ml AvqZb| bgybv M¨v‡mi fi 2.0g M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi †ei Ki?
mRT 2.0 × 0.0821 × (273 + 27) 300
mgvavb: M = PV = M= = 60g
1.64 × 0.5 5  10
Ex-03. 27°C ZvcgvÎvq 22g CO2 M¨vm 0.82L AvqZb `ªeY n‡j H M¨v‡mi Pvc KZ?
mRT 22 ×0.0821 × (27 + 273) 22  300
mgvavb: P = MV = = =15 atm
44 × 0.82 44  10
Ex-04. 100°C ZvcgvÎvq Ges 1.0526 atm. Pv‡c CO2 M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ KZ n‡e?
mRT m PM 1.0526 ×44
mgvavb: PV = M ev, V = RT  d= 373 × 0.0821 = 1.512 gL-1
Ex-05. 0°C ZvcgvÎvq 100kPa Pv‡c bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi NbZ¡ 1.4gL-1 n‡j H ZvcgvÎvq Zvi Pvc wØ¸Y Ki‡j Nb‡Z¡i gvb KZ n‡e?
mgvavb:
P1 P2 ‡h‡nZz d  P ZvB Pvc wØ¸Y n‡j NbZ¡ wØ¸Y n‡e|
 [ Here, P1 = 100kPa, P2 = 2  100kPa d1 = 1.4 gL-1, d2 =? ] d2 = 2d1 = 2  1.4 = 2.8 gL–1 Ans.
d 1 d 2
d1 P2 2  1.4  100
ev, d 2   = 2.8 gL-1 (Ans.)
P1 100
Ex-06.0˚C ZvcgvÎvq Ges 1.0 atm Pv‡c N2 M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ 14.0 gL–1| GKB ZvcgvÎvq Pvc wZb¸Y Ki‡j M¨vmwUi NbZ¡ KZ n‡e?
d 1T1 d 2 T2 P2 d 1 3.0 14.0 ∵d  P ZvB Pvc wZb¸Y n‡j NbZ¡ wZb¸Y n‡e|
mgš^q m~Î: =  w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq  d2 = = 42.0 g/L
P1 P2 P1 1.0 d2 = 3d1 = 3  14 = 42 gL–1 Ans.
Ex-07. M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ m¤úwK©Z MYbvt 167°C ZvcgvÎvq Ges 0.82 atm Pv‡c CO2 M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ KZ n‡e?
PM 0.82  44 10  44
mgvavb: From the law, d = RT = = = 1 gL1
0.0821  (167 + 273) 440
Here, P = 0.82 atm, M=44g mol-1, R = 0.0821, T = (273+167) K = 440 K
Ex-08. 213C ZvcgvÎvq 1 atm Pv‡c 9.8 L AvqZ‡bi 2 mol M¨vm Av‡Q| M¨vmwU Av`k© bvwK ev¯Íe?
1  9.8
mgvavb: We know, PV = ZnRT  Z = PV = =
120
=1
nRT 2  0.0821  0.60 2  60
 M¨vmwU Av`k© n‡e, †h‡nZz Z = 1
Here, P = 1 atm; V = 9.8 L; T = 213C = 60 k; R = 0.0821 L atm mol1k1; n = 2
Ex-09. g‡b Ki, m~‡h©i †K‡›`ª †h M¨vm¸‡jv Av‡Q Zv‡ì Mo AvYweK fi, NbZ¡ Ges Pvc h_vµ‡g 5.6, 1.05 kg/m3 Ges 1.1  1010 N/m2| m~‡h©i †K‡›`ªi
ZvcgvÎv MYbv Ki| [BUET. 2001-02]
mgvavb: PV = nRT  P = m RT = dRT GLv‡b AvYweK fi, M = 5.6  103 kg mol1 ,NbZ¡, d
v M M = 1.05 kg/m3 Ges Pvc, P = 1.1  1010 N/m2
3
PM 1.1  10  5.6  10
10
T=  PM = dRT  = 7.05  106 K
dR 1.05  8.316
Ex-10. 8.2atm Pvc Ges 27C ZvcgvÎvq 6.0 L bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi fi KZ? [RU. 2019-20]
wRT PVM 8.2  6  28
mgvavb: We know, PV = nRT PV = W= = , W = 56 gm  N2 M¨v‡mi fi 56 gm
M RT 0.082  300
 Sub Item-02 : ev¯Íe M¨vm mgxKiY

Ex-01.35.5gm ‡K¬vwib M¨v‡mi Rb¨ f¨vbWvi Iqvjm mgxKiY †jL? [KUET. 2014-15]
 
  P  n a  V  nb  nRT   P  a   V  b   RT
2
mgvavb: [35.5gm Cl2 Gi Rb¨ n = ]
 2 

2
4V   2
 V 
Ex-02.  P  0.04a  V  0.2b  0.2RT mgxKiYwU KZ MÖvg bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨?
 2
V 
w
mgvavb: mgxKi‡b, n = 0.2  n = M  w = 0.2  28 = 5.6

3
STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION mwVK DËi: D. 13.41 dm
e¨vL¨v: PV = nRT
DU
mRT 15  0.0821  273  25
01. 100C ZvcgvÎvq I 1 evqygÐjxq Pv‡c 1 wK‡jvMÖvg Rjxq ev‡¯úi AvqZb V=   13.41
KZ? [DU.2013-2014] MP 32  0.855
A. 12 L B. 100 L C. 1200 L D. 1701 L 03. 300 ‡m. ZvcgvÎv I 0.987 atm Pv‡c 1 †gvj Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ?
mwVK DËi: D. 1701 L [JU.2009-2010]
A. 50.4L B. 2.52L C. 25.2L D. 5.04L
m mRT 1000  0.0821  373
e¨vL¨v: PV  M RT  V  M  P  18  1
 1701L mwVK DËi: C. 25.2L
02. 20C ZvcgvÎv I 50103 Nm2 Pv‡c H2 M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ KZ g/cc? nRT 1 0.0821  273  30 
e¨vL¨v: PV = nRT  V =  = 25.20L
[JU. 2013-14] P 0.987
A. 8.15102 B. 4.15102 C. 8.15103 D. 4.15103
RU
mwVK DËi: B. 4.15102
01. 27˚C ZvcgvÎvq 102 kPa Pv‡c 250 mL wg‡_b M¨v‡mi fi wbY©q Ki|
PM 0.492 50 103
e¨vL¨v: d = RT = =4.1210–2 g/cc [∵P = 101325 ] [RU. 2012-2013]
0.0821293 A. 0.1635 g B. 0.1700g C. 0.1699g D. 0.1654g
03. 17C ZvcgvÎvq 2atm Pv‡c 5litre AvqZ‡bi GKwU M¨v‡mi IRb 3g| mwVK DËi: A. 0.1635 g
M¨vmwUi AvYweK IRb KZ? [DU.2007-2008] m 102  2.5  10–3  16
A. 7.14 B. 26.13 C. 32.14 D. 16.34 e¨vL¨v: PV  RT ev, m = 101.325  0.0821  300 = 0.1635g
mwVK DËi: A. 7.14 M
02. 20˚C DòZvq 740 mm Pv‡c 400 mL AvqZ‡bi †Kvb M¨v‡mi fi
m
e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb, PV = RT 0.842g| M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ? [RU. 2012-2013]
M A. 52 B. 52.88 C. 53 D. 52.65
mRT 3  .0821  290 mwVK DËi: A. 52
M=  = 7.1427
PV 25 m mRT 0.842  0.0821  293
e¨vL¨v: PV  RT  M = PV =`
04. 10.00 Kg wnwjqvg Øviv 288 K ZvcgvÎvq GKwU †ejyb‡K dzwj‡q †ejy‡bi M 0.973  0.4
g‡a¨ M¨v‡mi Pvc 1.50atm Kiv nj | †ejybwUi AvqZb KZ? [DU.2005-06]  M  52.00
A. 78720 L B. 39360 L C. 2050 L D. 39.36 L 03. 27C ZvcgvÎvq 0.526atm Pv‡c 15gm bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi AvqZb KZ?
mwVK DËi: B. 39360 L [RU. 2010-11; IU.2008-09]
m A. 18L B. 14L C. 22.4L D. 25L
e¨vL¨v: PV = nRT = RT mwVK DËi: D. 25L
M
wRT 15  0.0821  300
wRT 10  103  0.0821  288 e¨vL¨v: V = PM   25 L
V= = = 39360 L 28  0.526
PM 4  1.5
04. 27C ZvcgvÎvq 0.526 atm Pv‡c 15g bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi AvqZb KZ? [RU.08-09]
05. 27C ZvcgvÎvq 1.0atm Pv‡c 8.2 L AvqZ‡bi †Kvb M¨v‡mi fi 6.0g,
A. 20L B. 25.05L C. 30L D. 10L
M¨vmwUi Av‡cwÿK fi KZ? [DU.1995-1996]
A. 44 B. 18 C. 28 D. 16 mwVK DËi: B. 25.05L
mwVK DËi: B. 18 m 15  0.0821  300
e¨vL¨v: PV  RT  V   25.08 L
m   
M 28  0.526
e¨vL¨v: PV  RT  M  mRT

6 0. 0821 ( 27 273 )
 18 .02 05. 25C ZvcgvÎvq 5 evqygÐjxq Pv‡c GKwU 100 wjUvi wmwjÛv‡i KZ †gvj
M PV 1 8.2
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Av‡Q? [RU.2008-09]
JU A. 20.45 B. 22.45 C. 23.45 D.24.45
01. cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c 1.0 mol GKwU M¨v‡mi ms‡KvPbkxjZv ¸YvsK mwVK DËi: A. 20.45
5.8102| 10C ZvcgvÎv Ges 100 kPa Pv‡c M¨vmwUi AvqZb KZ? PV 5  100
[JU. 2013-14] e¨vL¨v: n    20 .45
RT 298  0.0821
A. 1.37 dm3 B. 1.44 dm3 C. 1.56 dm3 D. 1.60 dm3 06. PV = 0.02 RT mgxKiYwU KZ MÖvg Av`k© M¨vm, A (M=28 g mol-1)
mwVK DËi: A. 1.37 dm3
Gi mgxKiY- [RU.2008-2009]
PV
e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb, PV = ZnRT; Z = nRT A. 5.6 g B. 0.56 g C. 6.5 g D. 0.65 g
mwVK DËi: B. 0.56 g
100  V
 5.8  10–2 = e¨vL¨v: n  m ev, m = 0.02  28  m  0.56g
1  0.0821  283  101.325
M
5.8  10–2  0.0821  283  101.325 GKwU Zij •Re †h․‡Mi 0.250 MÖvg 87C ZvcgvÎvq 88000 Pa Pv‡c
V= = 1.37 dm 3 07.
100
55.1 ml AvqZb c~Y© K‡i| •Re †h․MwUi AvYweK fi: [RU.2006-2007]
02. 25°C ZvcgvÎvq 650 mm Pv‡c 15.0 gm O2 M¨v‡mi AvqZb MYbv Ki -
A. 154 g mol-1 B. 256 g mol-1 C. 300 g mol-1 D. 325 g mol-1
[JU.2010-2011]
A. 17.42 dm3 B. 21.23 dm3 C. 19.41 dm3 D. 13.41 dm3 mwVK DËi: A. 154 g mol-1
m wRT STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
e¨vL¨v: PV  RT  M =
M PV
BUET
0.250  0.0821  360  101.325 o
= = 154.4 01. GKRb †jvK GK wbtk¦v‡m 0.2L evqy MÖnY K‡i hvi ZvcgvÎv 27 C Ges
88  55.1  10–3
Pvc 1.0atm | †jvKwU GKev‡i KZ¸‡jv M¨vm AYy MÖnY K‡i|
CU [BUET.2013-2014]
01. NTP ‡Z 5.6 wjUvi M¨v‡mi IRb 7.5g n‡j M¨vmwUi AvYweK ms‡KZ nj- A. 48.91021 B. 4.891021 C. 4.981021 D. None of these
[CU. 2008-2009] mwVK DËi: B. 4.891021
A. NH3 B. CO C. O2 D. H2O E. NO
PV 1  0.2
mwVK DËi: E. NO e¨vL¨v: PV  nRT  n   = 0.00813
RT 0.082  300
m
e¨vL¨v: PV  RT  M  mRT  7.5  0.0821  273  30 hv N = n  NA = 0.00813  6.023  1023 = 4.89  1021 ¸‡jv|
M PV 1  5.6 02. 2770C ZvcgvÎvq I 1.0 atm evqy Pv‡c 1.0 L †ejy‡b wnwjqvg Gi †gvj
NO Gi AvYweK fi wb‡`©k K‡i|
msL¨v wbY©q Ki| [BUET: 2006-07]
IU A. 0.05 B. 0.04 C. 0.06 D. 0.022
01. 27C ZvcgvÎvq 0.526 atm Pv‡c 15g N2 Gi AvqZb KZ? [IU. 2008-09] mwVK DËi: D. 0.022
A.5.0L B. 25.08L C. 21.08 L D. 15.08L PV 1 1
e¨vL¨v: PV  nRT  n    0.022
mwVK DËi: B. 25.08L RT 0.0821  550
m wRT 15  0.0821  300 KUET
e¨vL¨v: PV  RT  V = PM  V = = 25.08 L
M 0.526  28 01. 0C ZvcgvÎv I 1.0atm Pv‡c CO2 M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ (g/L GK‡K) KZ n‡e?
[KUET-2016-17]
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION A. 0.019 B. 0.0196 C. 1.963 D. 0.081 E. 0.811
SUST mwVK DËi: C. 1.963
PM 144
01. GKwU cv‡Î 27C ZvcgvÎvq 1.0 atm Pv‡c wKQy CO2 M¨vm Av‡Q| e¨vL¨v: d = RT = = 1.963g/L
0.0821273
M¨vmwUi NbZ¡ KZ g.L–1? [SUST-A. 2019-20]
02. KZ wWMÖx ZvcgvÎvq 100 kPa Pv‡c 2.24 dm3 GKwU cv‡Î 14.0 gmN2
A. 1.786 B. 19.85 C. 0.0176
D. 0.287 E. 0.893 M¨v‡mi ms‡KvPbkxjZv ¸Yv¼ 0.10 n‡e? [KUET 2014-15]
mwVK DËi: A. 1.786 A. 3.64C B. 265.72C C. 369.36

D. 538.7C E. 273 K
e¨vL¨v: d = PM = 1.0  44 = 1.786 mwVK DËi: B. 265.72C
RT 0.0821  300
02. 64 g Aw·‡Rb GKwU Ave× cv‡Î 600 K ZvcgvÎvq 2atm Pvc •Zwi 100
 2.24 28 gm  1 mol
PV 101.325 14
K‡i| H cv‡Î 56 g N2 M¨vm KZ ZvcgvÎvq ivL‡j GKB Pvc •Zwi e¨vL¨v: Z =  0.1 = 14 gm  mol
nRT 0.5  0.0821  T 28
Ki‡e? [SUST. 2012-2013]
 T = 53872 K = 265.72C  n = 0.5 mol
A. 300 K B. 200 K C. 600 K D. 800 K E. 1000 K
mwVK DËi: C. 600 K
03. 35.5gm ‡K¬vwib M¨v‡mi Rb¨ f¨vbWvi Iqvjm mgxKiY †KvbwU?
e¨vL¨v: Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY Abymv‡i Pvc, R I AvqZb mgvb nIqvq [KUET. 2014-15]
m1 m2 64 56  a  b  a 
T1    600   T2  T2  600 K A.  P  2 
V    RT B.  2P   2V  b   RT
M1 M 2 T2 32 28  2V   2   2V 2 
 a   a  b 1
JUST C.  P  2  2V  b  RT D.  P  2 
V    RT
01. GK e¨w³ 27C ZvcgvÎvq I 100 KPa Pv‡c GK NÈvq 15 wjUvi  V   4V   2 2
Aw·‡Rb MÖnY Ki‡j, e¨w³wU KZ †gvj Aw·‡Rb MÖnY K‡i?  a  b
E.  P    V    2RT
[JUST-A,Set-Kha 2018-19]  2V 2   2
A. 0.50 mol B. 0.57 mol C. 0.44 mol D. 0.60 mol mwVK DËi: D
mwVK DËi: D. 0.60 mol 35.5
e¨vL¨v:  P  a 2   V  b   1 RT [35.5gm Cl2 Gi Rb¨ n = 71 = 0.5]
PV 100  15  4V   2  2
e¨vL¨v: n    0.60 mol
RT 101 .325  0.082  300 CUET
NSTU 01. 20ºC ZvcgvÎvq 98.66 kPa Pv‡c 0.842 kg GKwU M¨vm 0.4m3 AvqZb
01. 30C ZvcgvÎv I 740 mm (Hg) Pv‡c 0.96 g GKwU M¨vm 300 mL `Lj K‡i| M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ n‡e? [CUET. 2014-15]
AvqZb `Lj K‡i| M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ? [NSTU-A. 2019-20] A. 5.1 kg B. 51.97 kg C. 61.97 kg D. None of them
A. 50.84 B. 59.84 C. 41.66 D. 81.66 mwVK DËi: B. 51.97 kg
mwVK DËi: D. 81.66 wRT 842  0.0821  293  101.325
0.96  0.082  303 e¨vL¨v: PV = nRT; M = PV =
WRT
e¨vL¨v: M = PV = = 81.66 98.66  0.4  103
0.9736  0.3 = 51.97 kg
02. 273 K Zv‡c I 760 mm Pv‡c 2240 mlCO2 M¨v‡mi fi nBjÑ ASPECT SERIES 
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
[BUTex: 2012-13]
A. 44 MÖvg B. 4.4 MÖvg MAT
C. 88 MÖvg D. 8.8 MÖvg 01. 0.44gm cwigvY M¨v‡m KZ †gvj CO2 _v‡K- [MAT: 2012-2013]
mwVK DËi: B. 4.4 MÖvg A. 0.1 mol B. 0.001 mol C. 0.0001 mol D. 0.01mol
mwVK DËi: D. 0.01mol
e¨vL¨v: PV  RT  m  PVM  1 2.24  44  4.4
m
m 0.44
M RT 0.0821  273 e¨vL¨v: n    0.01
M 44
 Item-03 : Pvc m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM:
`yB cÖKvi cÖkœ Av‡m t 01. AvswkK Pvc wbY©q 02. ‡gvU Pvc wbY©q
 Sub Item-01 : AvswkK Pvc wbY©q
 fi D‡jøL _vK‡j-‡UKwbKt G ai‡bi mgm¨vi ïay gvÎ †gvj msL¨v ‡ei Ki‡jB Pj‡e| cy‡iv As‡Ki wnmve ìKvi †bB| GKB ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi Pvc Zvi ‡gvj
msL¨vi Dci wbf©ikxj| A_v©r P  n Kv‡RB hvi †gvj msL¨v †ewk Zvi Pvc ev AvswkK Pvc †ewk|
Gevi D`vnib jÿ¨ Ki-
Ex-01. 1 atm Pv‡c I wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKwU wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi cv‡Î 4gHe, 14gN2 Ges 16gO2 Av‡Q| †KvbwUi AvswkK Pvc m‡ev©”P?
m 4 14 16
mgvavbt n = By the Law, He=  1.0 , N2=  0.5 , O2=  0.5 hvi †gvj msL¨v ‡ewk Zvi AvswkK Pvc m‡ev©”P| Kv‡RB wnwjqv‡gi †gvj
M 4 28 32
msL¨v m‡e©v”P| ZvB Gi AvswkK PvcI m‡e©v”P|
Ex-02. 28g N2, 4gH2, 17gNH3 I 4gHe Gi †Kvb e¯‧i Rb¨ GKB AvqZ‡bi cv‡Î GKB ZvcgvÎvq Pvc m‡ev©”P n‡e?
28 4 4
mgvavbt n = m m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB-nN2=  1. nH2=  2, nNH3 = 17  1, nHe=  1  4gH2 Gi Pvc †ewk n‡e| KviY †gvj msL¨vi gvb m‡ev©”P|
M 28 2 17 4
wbR¯^ AvqZb
 AvqZb D‡jøL _vK‡jt AvswkK Pvc = ‡gvU AvqZb  ‡gvU Pvc
Ex-01. wZb AvqZb bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I `yB AvqZb †K¬vwib wgkª‡bi c~Y© Pvc 1 atm (760 mm), H wgkª‡Y N2 I Cl2 Gi AvswkK Pvc KZ?
3 2
mgvavbt PN 2 =  760  456 mm, PCl 2 =  760  304 mm
3 2 3 2
C. AvswkK Pv‡c †gvj fMœvsk D‡jøL _vK‡j - AvswkK Pvc = †gvj fMœvsk †gvU Pvc
Ex-01. `ywU M¨vmxq Dcv`vb wewkó wm‡÷‡gi †gvU Pvc 0.6atm| GKwU Dcv`v‡bi †gvj fMœvsk 0.3 n‡j Zvi AvswkK Pvc KZ?
mgvavbt AvswkK Pvc=‡gvjfMœvsk×†gvU Pvc = 0.6×0.3 = 0.18
Ex-02. ci¯úi wewµqvnxb †Kvb M¨vm wgkÖ‡Y 142 g †K¬vwib M¨vm I 8 g nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm i‡q‡Q| wgkÖ‡Yi †gvU Pvc 1.5 atm n‡j †K¬vwib I nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi
AvswkK Pvc wbY©q Ki| [BUTex. 2009-10]
142 142 8
mgvavbt P = 1.5 atm WCl2 = 142 g  nCl2 = =2 nCl2 = = 2 mH2 = 8 g  nH2 = = 4
71 71 2
nCl2 2
 PCl2 = P=  1.5 atm = 0.5 atm (Ans.)  PH2 = (1.5  0.5) atm = 1 atm (Ans.)
nCl2 + nH2 2+4
 Sub Item-02 : AvswkK Pvc †_‡K †gvU Pvc wbY©q

Wvë‡bi AvswkK Pvc m~Î mvs‡KwZK wPý
P = P1 + P2 + P3 + .......................... Pn
PV =P(V1 + V2) = P1 V1 + P2V2 ; P = XA P0 (AvswkK Pvc = †gvU Pvc  †gvj fMœvsk)
 hLb GKvwaK cv‡Î GKvwaK M¨vm wgwkªZ _v‡K ZLb †gvU Pvc wbY©‡qi m~Î: PT(V1+V2+.......+Vn) = P1V1+P2V2+....... +PnVn
Ex-01. 450 mL AvqZb wewkó cvÎ 0.50atm Pv‡c N2 Ges Av‡iKwU cvÎ 300ml, 0.50atm Pv‡c O2 Øviv c~Y© Av‡Q| M¨vm `ywU wgwkªZ n‡Z w`‡j wgwkªZ
M¨v‡mi Pvc KZ n‡e?
mgvavb: PT (V1+V2) = P1V1+P2V2 PT = P1V1 + P2V2 = 450  0.50 + 300  0.5 = 375 = 0.50 (Ans.)
V 1 + V2 450 + 300 750
 hLb GKwU cv‡Î GKvwaK M¨vm wgwkªZ _v‡K ZLb: PT VT= P1V1+P2V2+.............+PnVn
Ex-02. GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq 1.5L cv‡Î 0.60 atm Pv‡c 90ml O2, 0.80 atm Pv‡c 75ml N2 Ges 0.90 atm Pv‡c 40 ml H2 wgwkªZ Kiv nj| wgkª‡Yi
†gvU Pvc KZ?
mgvavb: PT=P1V1 + P2V2+ P3V3 = 0.60  90 + 0.80  75 + 0.90  40 = 150 = 0.1 atm
V 1.5  1000 1500

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION e¨vL¨v: AvswkK Pvc : PA = XA.P =  7   760
7 + 3 760
DU = 0.7 atm = 532 mm (Hg)
01. wb‡Pi †Kvb e¯‧i Rb¨ GKB AvqZ‡bi cv‡Î GKB ZvcgvÎvq Pvc m‡ev©”P 02. 00C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU 10 L cv‡Î 2 g H Ges 8 g N ivL‡j M¨vm
2 2
n‡e? [DU. 2005-06]
wgkª‡Yi †gvU Pvc n‡e? [RU. 2010-2011]
A. 28gN2 B. 4gH2 C. 17gNH3 D. 4gHe
A. 2.24 mm B. 2.88 mm C. 3.21 mm D. 0.64 mm
mwVK DËi: B. 4gH2
mwVK DËi: B. 2.88 mm
e¨vL¨v: P= nRT [ R, T,V Constant ZvB hvi †gvj msL¨v †ewk †mwUi Pvc mRT 2  0.0821  273
V e¨vL¨v: PH 2    2.24
m‡ev©”P n‡e] MV 2  10
mRT 8  0.0821  273
28 4 17 4 PN 2    0.64
n
N 2=  1. nH2 =  2, nNH3 =  1, nHe =  1 MV 28  10
28 2 17 4
PH2  PN2  2.88atm
 4gH2 Gi Pvc †ewk n‡e| KviY †gvj msL¨vi gvb m‡ev©”P|
†UKwbK: hvi †gvj msL¨v †ewk †mwUi Pvc m‡ev©”P n‡e| 03. `ywU M¨vmxq Dcv`vb wewkó wm‡÷‡gi †gvU Pvc 0.5atm| GKwU Dcv`v‡bi
02. 1 atm Pv‡c I wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKwU wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi cv‡Î 4gHe, †gvj fMœvsk 0.2 n‡j Zvi AvswkK Pvc KZ? [RU.2008-2009]
14gN2 Ges 16gO2 Av‡Q| †KvbwUi AvswkK Pvc m‡ev©”P? [DU.2002-2003] A. 0.1 atm B. 0.01 atm C. 0.05 atm D. 0.02 atm
A. He B. mKj AvswkK Pvc mgvb C. N2 D. O2 mwVK DËi: A. 0.1 atm
mwVK DËi: A. He e¨vL¨v: AvswkK Pvc=‡gvj fMœvsk×†gvU Pvc =0.5×0.2 = 0.1|
e¨vL¨v: ‡UKwbK: hvi †gvj msL¨v ‡ewk Zvi AvswkK Pvc m‡ev©”P| 04. 5.0 L AvqZ‡bi GKwU cv‡Î 90.0 kPa Pv‡c 1.0L bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨vm Ges
AvswkK Pvc = †gvj fMœvsk×‡gvU Pvc 50.0 kPa Pv‡c 3.5L Aw·‡Rb M¨vm ivLv nj| D³ cv‡Î wgwkªZ M¨v‡mi
11 0.5  1 †gvU Pvc- [RU.2006-2007]
cÖgvYt PHe=  0.50 ; PN 2 =  0.25
1.0  0.5  0.5 1.0  0.5  0.5 A. 23.0 kPa B. 41.2 kPa C. 53.0 kPa D. 61.0 kPa
0.5  1 mwVK DËi: C. 53.0 kPa
PO2 =  0.25 90 1.0  50.0  3.5
1.0  0.5  0.5 e¨vL¨v: PV = P1V1 + P2V2 P=  53.2Kpa
kPa
5
03. wZb AvqZb bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I `yB AvqZb †K¬vwib wgkª‡bi c~Y© Pvc 1 atm
(760 mm), H wgkª‡Y N2 I Cl2 Gi AvswkK Pvc KZ? [DU. 1999-00] CU
A. 400 mm I 360 mm B. 500 mm I 260 01. STP †Z †Kvb M¨v‡mi 1L G KZ †gvj M¨vm _v‡K? [CU:2013-2014]
C. 456 mm I 304 mm D. 350 I 410 mm A. 2.24 B. 0.224 C. 4.5 D. 0.045 E. 0.45
mwVK DËi: C. 456 mm I 304 mm mwVK DËi: D. 0.045
3 e¨vL¨v: n = V/22.4 = 1/22.4 = 0.045
e¨vL¨v: ‡UKwbKt PN 2 =  760  456 mm
3 2 IU
2
 760  304 mm 01. 6 kPa Pv‡c 2dm O2 †K GKwU 4dm3 AvqZ‡bi cv‡Î ivLv n‡j O2 Gi
3
PCl 2 =
3 2 AvswkK Pvc KZ n‡e? [IU. 2008-09]
JU A. 12kPa B. 5kPa C. 3kPa D. 9kPa
01. GKwU cv‡Îi AvqZb 500 ml G 100 cm Hg Pv‡c Cl2 M¨vm Av‡Q| Bnv mwVK DËi: C. 3kPa
b‡ji mvnv‡h¨ ÷c K‡K©i Øviv Ab¨ GKwU 80 cm Hg Pv‡c N2 fwZ© 1000 2
e¨vL¨v: P O2   6  3kPa
ml AvqZb wewkó cv‡Îi mv‡_ hy³ Av‡Q| ÷c KK© Ly‡j w`‡j wgwkÖZ Pvc 4
cm Hg-‡Z wb‡gœi †KvbwU? [JU. 2009-2010]
A. 68.67 B. 86.67 C. 67.86 D. 76.86 STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
mwVK DËi: B. 86.67 JUST
e¨vL¨v: P  P1V1  P2V2 
100  500  80  1000 = 86.67 cm Hg Ans. 01. GKwU M¨vm wgkª‡Y 56g N2, 44g CO2, Ges 16g CH4 eZ©gvb| wgkªYwUi
V1  V2 500  1000
†gvU Pvc 720 mm Hg n‡j wg‡_‡bi AvswkK Pvc KZ n‡e?
RU [JUST-B. 2016-17]
01. hLb M¨vm A Gi 7.0 †gvj Ges M¨vm B Gi 3.0 †gvj wgkv‡bv nq ZLb A. 180 atm B. 287 atm C. 187 atm D. 196 tam
wgkÖ‡Yi †gvU Pvc nq 760 mm Hg| wgkÖ‡Yi A M¨v‡mi AvswkK Pvc KZ mwVK DËi: A. 180 atm
n‡e? [RU. 2019-20] e¨vL¨v: AvswkK Pvc = †gvj fMœvsk  †gvU Pvc
A. 512 mm Hg B. 522 mm Hg N CH 4 1
C. 532 mm Hg D. 542 mm Hg PCH 4 =  720 = 720 = 180
N N  N CO 2  N CH 4 2 11
mwVK DËi: C. 532 mm Hg 2
MBSTU 02. 29 C ZvcgvÎvq 95KPa Pv‡c 0.25m bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I 80KPa Pv‡c
o 3
01. mgf‡ii CH4 I H2 ‡K k~b¨ cv‡Î 25C G ivLv nj| H2 Gi AvswkK 0.38m3 Aw·‡Rb 1m3 AvqZ‡bi GKwU d¬v‡· †bqv nj| wgwkªZ M¨v‡mi Pvc
Pvc †gvU Pv‡ci KZ fMœvsk? [MBSTU. B. 2016-17] KZ? [BUTex. 2013-14]
A. 1/2 B. 1/9 C. 8/9 D. 16/17 A. 40.44 KPa B. 49.15 KPa
mwVK DËi: C. 8/9 C. 54.15 KPa D. 58.22 KPa
x
x 16 8
mwVK DËi: C. 54.15 KPa
e¨vL¨v: H2 Gi AvswkK Pvc = 2 ×P = × × P = .P P1V1  P2 V2
x x

2 9x 9 e¨vL¨v: PV  P1V1  P2 V2  P 
2 16 V
95  0.25  80  0.38
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION   54.15kPa
1
KUET
01. T ZvcgvÎv I P Pv‡c V AvqZ‡bi GKwU wgkªY‡K mgAvqZb A_v©r V STEP 04
ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
AvqZ‡bi Aci GKwU wgkª‡Yi mv‡_ wgwkªZ Kiv nj hvi ZvcgvÎv I Pvc MAT
c~‡e©iwUi g‡ZvB h_vµ‡g T I P| T ZvcgvÎvq AvqZb V wVK ivLv n‡j 01. mgvb f‡ii CH4 Ges O2 M¨vm GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKwU cv‡Î ivLv
wgkª‡Yi Pvc KZ n‡e? [KUET-2016-17] nj| †gvU cÖ`Ë Pv‡ci wK cwigvY Ask O2 Øviv cÖ`Ë n‡e? [MAT. 2015-16]
P 1 1 1 2
A. B. P2 C. P D. 2P E. 4P A. B. C. D.
2 3 2 4 3
mwVK DËi: D. 2P 1
e¨vL¨v: P'V = PV + PV  P' = 2P [As V same] mwVK DËi: A.
3
CUET e¨vL¨v: Let, O2 and CH4 had taken x gm , Total Pressure = P
01. MigKv‡j evqy‡Z 250C G Rjxq ev‡®úi ‡gvj fMœvsk 0.0287 Ges evqyi x , x
†gvU Pvc 0.977 atm n‡j evqy‡Z Rjxq ev‡®úi AvswkK Pvc KZ n‡e? nO2  nCH 
32 4 16
[CUET. 2015-16]
x x 3x
A. 0.30atm B. 0.948atm C. 0.028atm D. 0.029atm Total mol =  =
mwVK DËi: C. 0.028atm 32 16 32
e¨vL¨v: AvswkK Pvc = †gvj fMœvsk  ‡gvU Pvc x 1
P
 Pv = XvP = 0.02870.977 = 0.028 atm PO2  X O2 P  32
3x
P  3
02. 1L, 3L & 4L AvqZb wewkó wZbwU cvÎ GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq h_vµ‡g 32
2, 4 Ges 6 atm Pv‡c M¨vm Øviv c~Y©| cvÎ wZbwU ci¯úi mshy³ Ki‡j
AZGe, Aw·‡Rb KZ…©K cÖ`Ë Pvc = 1  ‡gvU Pvc
M¨v‡mi Pvc KZ atm n‡e? [CUET. 2015-16] 3
A. 4.00 B. 4.75 C. 5.25 D. 5.50 E. 5.75 02. GKwU cv‡Îi AvqZb 500 ml G 100 cm Hg Pv‡c Cl2 M¨vm Av‡Q| Bnv
mwVK DËi: B. 4.75 b‡ji mvnv‡h¨ ÷c K‡K©i Øviv Ab¨ GKwU 80 cm Hg Pv‡c fwZ© 1000 ml
P V +P V +P V AvqZb wewkó cv‡Îi mv‡_ hy³ Av‡Q| ÷c KK© Ly‡j w`‡j wgwkªZ M¨v‡mi
e¨vL¨v: Ptotal = 1 V1 + 2V 2+ V 3 3 atm
1 2 3
Pvc cm Hg-‡Z wb‡gœi †KvbwU? [MAT : 2007-2008]
(21)+(43)+(64) A. 76.86 B. 68.67
= atm = 4.75 atm
(1+3+4) C. 86.67 D. 67.86
BUTex mwVK DËi: C. 86.67
01. 28 MÖvg bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Ges 142g †K¬vwib M¨v‡mi wgkª‡Yi †gvU Pvc 12atm e¨vL¨v: P = P1V1 + P2 V2 = (500  100) + (80  1000)
T
n‡j H wgkÖ‡Y bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi AvswkK Pvc KZ? [BUTex. 2015-16] V1 + V 2 500 + 1000
A. 8 atm B. 4 atm C. 6 atm D. 2 atm 50000 + 80000
=
mwVK DËi: B. 4 atm 1500
e¨vL¨v: AvswkK Pvc= †gvj fMœvsk × †gvU Pvc 130000
=
1500
1
 PN 2  12  4atm = 86.67 cm Hg
1 2
†gwW‡K‡j weMZ cuvP eQ‡i cÖ_g gvngy` (2012-13), ïf (2016-17), BDmyd (2017-18),
AY©e (2018-19) Ges ivMxe b~i (2019-20) m¤úvw`Z †`‡ki cÖ_g I AZzjbxq †gwW‡Kj wmwiR...
Avm‡c± †gwW wmwiR [cvVëB‡K wUªKm I g‡b ivLvi †K․k‡j mnR Kivi cÖqvm]
∎ ASPECT MEDI CHEMISTRY ∎ ASPECT MEDI BIOLOGY
∎ ASPECT MEDI PHYSICS ∎ ASPECT MEDI GK
∎ ASPECT MEDI ENGLISH ∎ Avm‡c± †gwW PP©v [g‡Wj †U÷ I cÖkœe¨vsK]
 Item-04 : MwZ‡eM I MwZkw³ m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM:
 Sub Item-01 : eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM ev R.M.S †eM
eM©g–j Mo eM©‡eM ev, R.M.S †eM: MwZkw³ msµvšÍ m~Î
3RT T 3PV 3P 3 3RT
C= = 157.94 = =  n †gvj M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ K.E. = nRT  1 wU AYyi MwZkw³ K.E. =
M M M  2 2N A
T
 eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM wbY©q- †Kvb M¨v‡mi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM ev Cr.m.s. wbY©q Ki‡Z; Cr.m.s = 157.9 m~Î eënvi Ki‡jB `ªæZ dj cvIqv hvq|
M
Ex-01. 10°C ZvcgvÎvq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYyi r.m.s †eM ‡ei Ki?
T 283
mgvavb: Cr.m.s= 157.9  157.9  = 1.87103ms–1
M 2
Ex-02. KZ ZvcgvÎvq CO2 Gi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, 20C ZvcgvÎvq Cl2 Gi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM mgvb n‡e? [RUET .2008-09]
CCO2 TCO2  MCl2 TCO2  71
mgvavb: =  =1  TCO2 = 181.577 K (Ans.) | TCl2 = 293 K
CCl2 TCl2  MCO2 293  44
wb‡`©kbv: DËi mivmwi ms–1 GK‡K P‡j Avm‡e| hw` DËi cms–1 GK‡K _v‡K Z‡e 100 w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov cms–1 GK‡K wb‡¤œv³ m~Î ¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡Z cvi-
 eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, Cr.m.s = 1.58104 T  mvaviY Mo MwZ‡eM, C = 1.45104 T  me‡P‡q †ewk m¤¢ve¨ MwZ‡eM, Cp = 1.29104 T
M M M
 Abyiƒc fv‡e Abykxjb Ki‡e-
 27°C ZvcgvÎvq Aw·‡Rb AYyi eM©g~j Mo eM© †eM wbY©q Ki? (Dt 483.62 ms–1)
 25°C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AYyi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM KZ? (Dt 515.24ms–1)
 0°C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨v‡mi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 49330cm| M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ? (Dt 28g)
 0°C ZvcgvÎvq O2 M¨vm AYyi eM©g~j Mo eM© †eM KZ? (4.6104 cms-1)
 Sub-Item-02 : MwZkw³ m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

 ms‡ÿ‡c `ªæZ AsK Kivi Rb¨- a. MwZkw³, EK = 12.47nT b.GKwU AYyi MwZkw³ ev Mo MwZkw³, EK = 2.0710–23 T
Ex-01. 27°C ZvcgvÎvq 5g Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ KZ?
m 5
mgvavb: Ek = 12.47  T = 12.47  300 = 584.5J
M 32
Ex-02. 25°C ZvcgvÎvq GK AYy CO2 Gi Mo MwZkw³ KZ?
mgvavb: GKwU Abyi MwZkw³, EK = 2.0710–23 T= 2.0710–23298 = 6.1710–21J

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 03. GKB ZvcgvÎvq H2 I O2 M¨v‡mi r.m.s †e‡Mi AbycvZ n‡”Q-
[DU.2008-2009]
DU A. 1/8 B. 1 C. 4 D. 8
01. 300 K ZvcgvÎvq evZv‡mi N2 AYyi MwZ KZ? [DU. 2012-2013] 4
A. 450 m/s 4B. 516 m/s C. 400 m/s D. 600 m/s mwVK DËi: C. 4
mwVK DËi: B. 516 m/s 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
M   M 32 
 2
e¨vL¨v: ‡UKwbKt r.m.s.=   =     32   4
e¨vL¨v: Cr.m.s= 157.9
T
 157 .9 
300
= 516.95 ms–1 M  2
 M1   2 
M 28
02. 27˚C ZvcgvÎvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi AYyi eM©gyj Mo eM©‡eM KZ? JU
[DU.2011-2012] 01. 0C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨v‡mi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM 493.3ms-1 M¨vmwUi
A. 515.22 ms1 B. 516.95 ms1 AvYweK fi KZ? [JU. 2009-2010]
C. 517.90 ms1 D.526.95ms1 A. 50 g B. 14 g C. 42 g D. 28 g
mwVK DËi: B. 516.95 ms1 mwVK DËi: D. 28 g
T 300 3RT 38.31273
e¨vL¨v: Cr.m.s=157.9  157.9  = 516.95 ms–1 e¨vL¨v: C2 = 3RT M=
C2
=
(493.3)2
=28 (MÖv‡g iæcvšÍi K‡i)
M 28 M
RU 08. 20°C ZvcgvÎvq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYyi eM©g~j-Mo-eM© KZ? [RU. 2009-2010]

01. 300 K ZvcgvÎvq R.M.S †eM m‡e©v”P n‡e †KvbwUi? [RU-C3.2017-18] A. 1.87  103 ms-1 B. 7.81  103 ms-1
A. O2 B. N2 C. CO2 D. CH4 C. 1.91  10 ms
3 -1
D.9.11  103 ms-1
mwVK DËi: D. CH4 mwVK DËi: C. 1.91  10 3
ms-1
1 T 293
e¨vL¨v: R.M.S  e¨vL¨v: Cr.m.s= 157.9   157 .9  1.91103 ms1 (Ans)
M 2
M
O2 Gi AvYweK fi 32g, N2 Gi AvYweK fi 28g, CO2 Gi AvYweK fi CU
44g Ges CH4 Gi AvYweK fi 16g| CH4 Gi AvYweK fi me‡P‡q Kg 01. GK Ryj mgvb KZ K¨vjwi? [CU. 2003-2004]
e‡j CH4 Gi R.M.S †eM m‡e©v”P n‡e| A. 0.250 cal B. 0.239 cal C. 432 cal D. 0.125 cal
02. RMS ‡eM- [RU-H3.2017-18] mwVK DËi: B. 0.239 cal
1
3 8RT 3RT w e¨vL¨v: 4.2 J = 1cal  1J = 4.2 cal = 0.239 cal
A. RT B. C. D. RT
2 M M M
IU
3RT 01. 30°C ZvcgvÎvq 1 †gvj CO2 Gi MwZkw³- [IU-D. 2016-17]
mwVK DËi: C.
M A. 3500 Ryj B. 3779.6 Ryj C. 4000 Ryj D. 450036 Ryj
mwVK DËi: B. 3779.6 Ryj
3RT 8RT 2 RT
e¨vL¨v: Crms  , Cav  , Cmax  3 38.314(273+30)
M M M e¨vL¨v: EK =
2
nRT=
2
= 3779.6
03. 29°C ZvcgvÎvq 3 gm bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi †gvU MwZkw³ 403 Ryj| †Kvb
ZvcgvÎvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi †gvU MwZkw³ 1.5 ¸Y n‡e?[RU-H3.2017-18] STEP 02
ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
A. 455K B. 460K C. 450K D. 453K SUST
mwVK DËi: D. 453°K 01. 27ºC ZvcgvÎvq GKwU bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AYyi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM KZ m/s?
Ek T [SUST-B,2018-19]
3 1.5 T2
e¨vL¨v: Ek = 2 nRT ; E 2 = T2 ev, 1 = 302 ev, T2 = 453°K A. 49 B. 16.4 C. 517 D. 155 E. 713
k1 1
mwVK DËi: C. 517
04. 32K ZvcgvÎvq Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi R.M.S. †eM KZ? [RU-H2.2017-18]
A. R B. 6 R C. 3R D. 2 3R e¨vL¨v: Crms  157.97 T  157.97  300  517 m/s

M 28
mwVK DËi: C. 3R 02. 25°C ZvcgvÎvq 22 g CO2 M¨v‡mi AYymg~‡ni MwZkw³ KZ?
3RT 3R  32 [SUST: 2010-11]
e¨vL¨v: Crms =  = 3R A.1858.179J B.929.989J C.84.461J D. 0J
M 32
mwVK DËi: A. 1858.179J
05. 27C ZvcgvÎvq 4gm O2 M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ (Ryj-GK‡K) wbY©‡qi mwVK W
mgxKiY †KvbwU? [RU-H2.2017-18] e¨vL¨v: ‡UKwbK Abyhvqx, Ek = 12.47  nT = 12.47  M  T
A. K.E =(28.3143004)÷(332) = 12.47  0.5  298 = 1858.179 J
B. K.E =(38.3143004)÷(232) 03. 25C ZvcgvÎv 22gCO2 M¨v‡mi AYymg~‡ni MwZkw³ KZ? [SUST. 10-11]
C. K.E =(31.9873004)÷(232) A. 1858.179 J B. 929.089 J C. 84.461 J D. 0 J
D. K.E =(28.314274)÷(332) mwVK DËi: A. 1858.179 J
mwVK DËi: B. K.E =(38.3143004)÷(232) 04. KZ K ZvcgvÎvq CO2 Gi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, 293 K ZvcgvÎvq Cl2 Gi
3 m 3 4 eM©g~j Mo eM©‡e‡Mi mgvb n‡e?
e¨vL¨v: Ek = RT =  8.31300 [SUST:2008-09]
2 M 2 32 A. 181.6 B. 206 C. 311 D. 150
= (38.313004)÷(232) mwVK DËi: A. 181.6
06. GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c O2 M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nvi 30 m3/s n‡j D³ e¨vL¨v: kZ©bymv‡i, C = C  T M = M T
1 2 1 2 1 2
ZvcgvÎvq CO2-Gi e¨vcb nvi KZ? [RU. 2012-2013]
M T 44  293
A. 26 m3/s B. 25.58 m3/s C. 25.85 m3/s D. 25.67 m3/s  T1 = 1 2 = 181 .577  181 .6
3 M2 71
mwVK DËi: B. 25.58 m /s
r0 2 M CO2 ev, 30  44 ev, 25.58 JUST
e¨vL¨v: 
rCO M O2 rCO2 32 01. 40˚C DòZv I 1.5 atm Pv‡c NH3 AYyi RMS †eM KZ?
2
[JUST-A: 2019-20]
07. 0˚C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨v‡mi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 49330 A. 663.7 ms–1 B. 667.7 ms–1 C. 671.7 ms–1 D. 677.7 ms–1
cm| M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ? [RU. 2012-2013] mwVK DËi: D. 677.7 ms–1
A. 24 B. 27 C. 28 D. 26
3RT 3  8.314  313
mwVK DËi: C. 28 e¨vL¨v: RMS †eM, Crms = M
=
17
T 49330 273 1000
e¨vL¨v: C r.m.s  157 .9   157 .9  M  28
M 100 M = 677.66 ms–1
02. 25C ZvcgvÎvq 5.0 g Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ KZ? [JUST-A: 2018-19] STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
A. 571.78 J B. 580.68 J
KUET
C. 850.58 J D. 790.38 J
01. GKwU M¨v‡mi AvYweK fi 32 n‡j KZ ZvcgvÎv‡Z D³ M¨v‡mi eM©g~j Mo
mwVK DËi: B. 580.68 J
eM©‡eM cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 50550cm n‡e? [KUET. 2014-15]
w
e¨vL¨v: E k  12 .47 nT  12 .47  T A. 327.766C B. 54.76C C. 273C
M D. 52.76C E. 27.38C
 12.47 
5
 298  580.63 J
mwVK DËi: B. 54.76C
32 3RT 3  8.31  T
03. 27C ZvcgvÎvq 56 gm N2 M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ KZ? e¨vL¨v: Crms = = 505.5  = = 505.5
M 32  10 3
[JUST-A. 2016-17, P.‡ev. 2016]
 T = 327.76K = 54.76ºC
A.7483 J B. 7.5×105 erg 02. 15C ZvcgvÎvq 1.0 †gvj O2 M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ 3.6  103 J n‡j ÔR’
C. 8×103 J D. 7.6 KJ Gi gvb KZ n‡e? [KUET:2013-2014]
E. 7421 J
A. 8.314J B. 8.791J C. 160.00J D. 8.333J E. 8.316J
mwVK DËi: A.7483 J
mwVK DËi: D. 8.333J
3 3 56 3
e¨vL¨v: Ek = nRT= × ×300×8.314 =7483J e¨vL¨v: 3.6  103   R  288  R  8.333J
2 2 28 2
 Item-05 : MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM-

MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î ms‡KwZ wPý
r1 d2 M 2 V1 t 2
 = = 
r2 d1 M 1 V2 t1
 Av‡cwÿK NbZ¡ MYbvt GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c Kve©b WvBA·vBW Ges I‡Rv‡bi e¨vcb cÖwµqvi nvi h_vµ‡g 0.29m3/sec. Ges 0.291m3/sec.| Kve©b
WvBA·vB‡Wi Av‡cwÿK NbZ¡ 22.0 n‡j I‡Rv‡bi Av‡cwÿK NbZ¡ KZ?
r1 d2
mgvavb: MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î ‡_‡K-  ev, 0.29 = d2
= 22.0
r2 d1 0.29 22.0
 AvYweK fi MYbvt 25°C ZvcgvÎvq CO2 I ARvbv GKwU M¨v‡mi e¨vcb cÖwµqvi nvi h_vµ‡g 218m3/sec. I 436 m3/sec. ARvbv M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ?
2
M 2 ev, M  M 1r1 = 44  218 = 44  1 = 11
2
mgvavb: MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î †_‡K- r1

r M
2
r 2
2
436 4
2 1
 e¨vcb cÖwµqvi e¨vwß MYbvt cÖgvY DòZv I Pv‡c wQ`ªhy³ †Kvb cvÎ †_‡K 5.0 wgwb‡U 1.0 Liter H2 M¨vm wbM©Z n‡j GKB mg‡q H cvÎ †_‡K wK cwigvY
Aw·‡Rb M¨vm wbM©Z n‡e?
mgvavb: V1 = M2
 V2 = 1 
2
=
1 1
= = 0.25 (Ans.)
V2 M1 32 16 4
 27˚C ZvcgvÎvq I 760 mm(Hg) Pv‡c 0.5g A M¨vm 300 mL AvqZb `Lj K‡i| GKB ZvcgvÎvq 770mm(Hg) Pv‡c 0.6g B M¨vm 400 mL AvqZb
`Lj K‡i| GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c A I B M¨v‡mi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi e¨vc‡bi nvi †ewk| [BUTEX: 19-20]
WBRT
r M PBVB WBPAVA 0.6  760  300
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb, rA = MB = = = = 0.94  rA < rB  B M¨v‡mi e¨vc‡bi nvi †ewk|
B A W A RT W P V
A B B 0.5  770  400
PAVA

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION rx

dy 2r

dy
dy  8
e¨vL¨v: ev,
ry dx r 2
RU
01. M¨vm X-Gi e¨vcb nvi M¨vm Y e¨vcb nv‡ii wØ¸Y| X Gi ev®úxq NbZ¡ 2 AvYweK fi = ev®ú NbZ¡  2 = 8  2 = 16
n‡j Y M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ n‡e? [RU. 2010-2011] KU
A. 2 B. 4 01. GKwU AÁvZ M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nvi A¨v‡gvwbqv M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nv‡ii 2.92 ¸Y
C. 8 D. 16 n‡j M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ? [KU. 2019-20]
mwVK DËi: D. 16 A. 0.17 B. 0.50 C. 1.99 D. 5.82
mwVK DËi: C. 1.99
r M2 r M2 awi, NH3 Gi e¨vcb nvi, d2
e¨vL¨v: r1 =  r1  = r1 = r
r V
e¨vL¨v: r1 = V1 =
2 M1 2.92r 17
 M2 = 1.99 Zvn‡j r2 = 2.92 r 2 2 d1
02. GKB AvqZ‡bi GKwU AÁvZ M¨vm I †K¬vwib GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c GKwU
wQ`ªc_ w`‡q wbtmwiZ n‡Z h_vµ‡g 60 †m‡KÛ I 73 †m‡KÛ mgq †bq| d2  d2 
AÁvZ M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ?
 V1 = V2 = 2 14.4 = 7.59 m3  d  14.4
[KU-A.2017-18] d1  1 
A. 46 B. 48 C. 50 D. 52
mwVK DËi: B. 48 BUTex
2 01. NaCl †Kjv‡mi AvqwbK e¨vmv‡a©i AbycvZ 0.53 nB‡j Na+ Gi mwbœ‡ek
t 
2
t2
M2  60 
e¨vL¨v:  M 2   2  M 1     71  48
 msL¨v KZ? [BUTex: 2012-2013]
t1
M1  t1   73  A. 2 B. 4
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION C. 6 D. 8
mwVK DËi: C. 6
SUST
e¨vL¨v: AbycvZ 0.77 n‡Z 0.414 Gi g‡a¨ n‡j mwbœ‡ek msL¨v 6 nq|
01. GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c NH3 M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nvi 10 2 m3/s n‡j
D³ Ae¯vq H2S M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nvi KZ m3/s? [SUST:2007-08] STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & HSC QUESTION
A. 5 2 B. 20 C. 10 D. 20 2 MAT
mwVK DËi: C. 10 01. GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †Kvb cv‡Îi GKB wQ`ªc‡_ GKwU AÁvZ M¨vm I
r M2 34 10 2 †K¬vwi‡bi c„_Kfv‡e wbtmi‡Yi nvi h_vµ‡g 6 : 5| †K¬vwi‡bi NbZ¡ 36 n‡j
e¨vL¨v: r1 = =  r2 = = 2  r2 = 10
2 M1 17 2 AÁvZ M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ wb‡gœi †KvbwU? [MAT: 2007-2008]
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION A. 40 B. 25
KUET C. 50 D. 20
01. GKwU miæ wQ`ª hy³ wQwc w`‡q †h mg‡q 2.0m3 evZvm cÖevwnZ nq D³ miæ mwVK DËi: B. 25
wQ`ªhy³ wQwc w`‡q GKB mg‡q KZ m3 nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cÖevwnZ n‡e? [evZv‡mi e¨vL¨v: r1 = d2 d2 r12
 =
Av‡cwÿK NbZ¡ = 14.4] [KUET. 2015-16] r2 d1 d1 r2
 d1 = d2    = 36    = 36  = 25  d1 = 25
A. 3.79 B. 17.40 C. 7.20 D. 28.8 E. 7.59 r2 2 5 2 25
mwVK DËi: E.7.59 m3 r1 6 36
mKj cvVëB‡qi cÖkœ  NCTB QUESTIONS ANALYSIS  e¨vL¨vmn mgvavb

09. Av`k© M¨v‡mi MZxq mgxKiY †KvbwU?
 nvRvix  bvM 
1
01. †g‡mvwùqv‡ii D”PZv KZ wK.wg. ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z? [Kz.‡ev.2017] A. PV = nRT B. PV= mNc2 C. PV = RT D. PV = P1V1
3
A. 5-10 km B. 10-40 km Ans B Why PV = nRT, n ‡gvj M¨v‡mi Rb¨ Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY| PV
C. 50-85 km D. 150-200 km Ans C
1
02. evqygÐ‡ji ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi ¯Í‡ii cÖavb Dcv`vb †KvbwU? [e.‡ev.2016] = mNC2 Av`k© M¨v‡mi MZxq mgxKiY| PV = RT, 1 ‡gvj M¨v‡mi Rb¨
3
A. Aw·‡Rb B. wbqb
Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY| P1V1 = P2V2, e‡qj Gi m~‡Îi MvwYwZK iƒc|
C. I‡Rvb D. Kve©b WvB A·vBW Ans C
10. mgf‡ii CH4 I H2 †K k~b¨cv‡Î 25C G ivLv n‡jv| H2 Gi AvswkK
03. evqygÐ‡ji †nv‡gvwùqv‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU _v‡K bv? Pvc †gvU Pv‡ci fMœvsk n‡e Ñ
A. AvM©b B. O2 C. O D. CH4 Ans D 1 1 8 16
04. evqygÐ‡ji †Kvb ¯Í‡ii ZvcgvÎv me©v‡cÿv †ewk? [P.‡ev.2015] A. B. C. D.
2 9 9 17
A. Uª‡cvwùqvi B. Uª¨v‡Uvwùqvi 1
C. †g‡mvwùqvi D. _v‡g©vwùqvi Ans D Ans C Why P H 2 
n
H2 8
.P  2 .1 
05. evqygÐ‡ji kxZjZg AÂj †KvbwU? [e.‡ev.2017] n
H 2  CH 4
n 1

1 9
A. †g‡mvwùqvi B. Avq‡bvwùqvi 2 16
[mgfi‡K 1 aiv n‡q‡Q]
C. Uª‡cvwùqvi D. ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi Ans A
11. 25cm KuvPb‡ji 1g gy‡L HCl 2q gy‡L NH3 GK mv‡_ XzKv‡j NH4Cl
06. I‡Rvb¯Íi evqygÐ‡ji †Kvb AÂ‡j Aew¯Z? [gv.‡ev.2017]
Gi †avuqv m„wó nqÑ
A. Uª‡cvwùqvi B. ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi
A. b‡ji gvSLv‡b B. 1g gyL †_‡K 15cm
C. †g‡mvwùqvi D. _v‡g©vwùqvi Ans B
C. 1g gyL †_‡K 10cm D. 12cm G
07. evqygÐ‡ji †Kvb AÂ‡j So-Gi DrcwË N‡U?
Ans C Why 25cm
A. Uª‡cvwùqvi B. ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi NH4Cl
HCl NH3
C. †g‡mvwùqvi D. _v‡g©vwùqvi Ans A
08. mvB‡K¬vb •Zwi n‡Z mvM‡ii cvwbi ZvcgvÎvq me©wb¤œ KZ _vK‡Z nq? HCl Gi AvYweK fi 36.5 , NH3 Gi AvYweK fi 17
A. 25C B. 27C A_¨v©r, HCl Gi Zzjbvq NH3 KvuPb‡ji g‡a¨ ‡ewk `~iæZ¡ AwZµg K‡i
C. 30C D. 40C Ans B wewµqv K‡i NH4Cl Gi †auvqv m„wó Ki‡e|
12. d‡Uv‡KwgK¨vj †¯§vM •Zwi‡Z †Kvb evqy`~lK f~wgKv iv‡L bv? 04. ‡Kv‡bv ¯v‡bi AvenvIqv I Rjevqy‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i †KvbwU?
A. nvB‡WªvKve©b B. NO2 C. O3 D. CFC A. ÷ªv‡Uvwùqvi Gi evqygÐj B. Uª‡cvwùqvi Gi evqygÐj
Ans D Wh y NO, NO 2 , O 3 I Ab¨Zg evqy ` l
~ K wW‡Rj BwÄ‡b `nbgy ³ C . Avq‡bvwùqvi Gi evqy gÐj D. ‡g‡mvwùqvi Gi evqygÐj
nvB‡WªvKve©b Ges wewfbœ wd« †iwW‡Kj wg‡j cviw· A¨vmvBj bvB‡UªU Ans B Why f~-c„ó msjMœ evqygÐ‡ji me©wb¤œ ‡h ¯ÍiwU‡Z gvbyl I
(PANS) bv‡g wgkÖ evqy `~lK m„wó K‡i| [Ref: nvRvix/c„ôv: 25] Ab¨vb¨ Rxe evm K‡i Zv‡K Uª‡cvwùqvi e‡j| G ¯ÍiwU f~-c„ô ‡_‡K 11km
13. AvB‡mv_vg© ev m‡gvò‡jL A¼b Ki‡Z wZbwU wkÿv_©x wb¤œiƒc †jLwPÎ A¼b ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z G ¯ÍiwU‡Z So, e„wó cÖf…wZ cÖvK…wZK NUbv N‡U _v‡K|
Kij: T 3
05. CO2 M¨v‡mi `ywU cÖavb MÖvnK (Sink) Kx?
T
A. Dw™¢` I evqygÐj B. mgy`ª I Dw™¢`
2
T 1
   T C. ebf~wg I cvwb D. Dw™¢` I Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb Ans B

V(L)
3
  
PV
T
06. Avgiv Rvwb, PV = nRT
2
  
V 2V O O
T 1
–1
P (atm)
‡jLwPÎ Ñ (i)
P
–273C 0C 273C
†jLwPÎÑ(iii)
(i) AwZ wb¤œPv‡c I D”P ZvcgvÎvq N2, O2, CO2 cÖf…wZ M¨vm G
‡jLwPÎÑ(ii)
mgxKiYwU AbymiY K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ii) D”P MwZkw³i M¨vm AYy G mgxKiYwU †g‡b Pj‡Z cv‡i bv
A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii (iii) G mgxKiYwU †_‡K e‡q‡ji m~Î cvIqv hvq
Ans A Why (i) I (ii) mgZvcxq †iLv| (iii) mgPvcxq †iLv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
T3
T1T2 T3
T2
A. ii B. i, ii I iii C. ii I iii D. i I iii
V
P
T1 
Ans D Why H2, N2, CO2 wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv I D”P Pv‡c Av`k© AvPiY
T3
 PV T2
–1
T1
‡_‡K wePz¨Z nq wKš‧ D”P ZvcgvÎv I wb¤œ Pv‡c Avevi Av`k© M¨v‡mi
V(L) P P
AvPib cÖ`k©b K‡i|
mgZvcxq †iLv
07. NH3 + HCl ⇌ NH4+ + CI– mgxKiY Abymv‡i NH4+ AvqbwU NH3 Gi
14. FGD cøv‡›U d¬z M¨v‡mi SO2 M¨vm Dcv`vb †kvlY Kv‡R eëüZ wewµqv n‡jv- AbyeÜx KviY Ñ
(i) Ca(OH)2(aq)+SO2(g)CaSO3(s)+H2O(l) (i) NH3 cÖkwgZ n‡q NH4+ Avqb MwVZ n‡q‡Q
(ii) 2H2S(g) + SO2(g)2H2O(l) (s) + 3S(s) (ii) NH3 ‡cÖvUb MÖnY K‡i NH4+ Avq‡b cwiewZ©Z nq
(iii) CaCO3(s)+SO2(g)CaSO3(s)+CO2(g) (iii) NH4+ Avqb †cÖvUb Z¨vM K‡i NH3 G cwiYZ nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK-
A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans C
Ans B Why wkí KviLvbvi wPgwb w`‡q wbM©Z SO2 M¨vm wgwkªZ d¬z-M¨vm 08. 1.0 †gvj M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 1.0K e„w× Ki‡j †h m¤úªmviYRwbZ KvR m¤úbœ
(Flue gas) †K Pzbvcv_i ev Pz‡bi cvwbi wgkª‡Y Pvjbv Kiv nq; G‡Z SO2 nq Zvi bvg Ñ
†kvwlZ nq; G‡K d¬z-M¨vm wWmvjdvwi‡Rkb ev FGD cøv›U e‡j| G FGD A. M¨v‡mi cÖmviv¼ B. Av`k© M¨vm aªæeK (R)
cø¨v‡›U Drcbœ wRcmvg dry wall •Zwi‡Z eëüZ nq| C. ms‡KvPbkxjZv ¸Yv¼ (Z) D. AvqZbRwbZ f¨vÛviIqvjm aªæeK (a) Ans B
15. STP †Z H H2 M¨v‡mi AvqZb n‡e Ñ 09. H2 Ges O2 Gi g‡a¨ e¨vcb nvi †KvbwU †ewk?
A. 0.06L B. 0.567L C. 0.65L D. 0.567L Ans B
A. H2 B . O2 C. mgvb D. Gfv‡e ejv hvq bv
 Kexi  iweDj  Ans A Wh y H 2 Gi AvYweK fi O 2 Gi Zz jbvq Kg nIqvq H2 Gi
e¨vc‡bi nvi ‡ewk|
01. evqygÐ‡ji ÷ªv‡Uvwùqvi ¯Í‡ii cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv- 10. R wK‡mi cwigvcK?
A. O2 B. Ne C. O3 D. CO2 A. ej B. Pvc C. KvR D. kw³
Ans C Why evqygÐ‡ji †ewkifvM I‡Rvb ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi ¯Í‡i _v‡K| G Ans C Why 1mol M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 1°C evov‡Z H M¨vm KZ…©K ‡h
I‡Rvb (O3) m~h© †_‡K Avmv ÿwZKi AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥ †kvlY K‡i †bq| G cwigvY KvR msNwUZ nq, Zvi cwigvY Øviv ‡gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK R ‡K
¯Í‡i †Kvb Rjxq ev®ú _v‡K bv| ZvB So-e„wó I _v‡K bv| AvenvIqv _v‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv nq|
ï®‥ I kvšÍ| d‡j G ¯Í‡ii wfZi w`‡q †RU wegvb PjvPj K‡i| 11. N2 KLb Av`k© AvPiY cÖ`k©b K‡i?
02. Uª‡cvgÛ‡j Ñ A. wb¤œPvc I D”PZvcgvÎvq B. D”P Pvc I wb¤œZv‡c
(i) D”PZv e„w×i m‡½ evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM n«vm cvq C. mvaviY Ae¯vq D. wb¤œPv‡c I wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq Ans A
(ii) wbP †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K ZvcgvÎv Kg‡Z _v‡K 12. NTP †Z GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ms‡KvPbkxjZv ¸Yv¼ (Z) Gi gvb KZ?
(iii) Rjxq ev®ú wb‡Pi w`‡K †ewk _v‡K A. 2.0 B. 1.5 C. 1.0 D. 3.0
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? PV
A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans B Ans C Why Z = RT = 1 (Av`k© M¨v‡mi ‡ÿ‡Î)
03. ÷ª¨v‡UvgÐ‡j †RU wegvb PjvPj K‡i| KviY, G ¯Í‡i- 13. H2 M¨vm mvaviY Ae¯vq †Kvb mgxKiYwU AbymiY K‡i?
i) ‡Kvb Rjxq ev®ú _v‡K bv  n 2a 
ii) So e„wó _v‡K bv e‡j AvenvIqv kvšÍ A. PV = nRT B.  P  2 V  nb  nRT
 v 

iii) evqyi NbZ¡ Kg e‡j Nl©YRwbZ wecwË Kg _v‡K
C. †KvbwUB bq D. PV = RT Ans B
wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU mwVK?
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D e¨vL¨v: H2 ev¯Íe M¨vm ZvB f¨vbWviIqvjm mgxKiY †g‡b P‡j|
14. wb‡¤œi †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq CO2 M¨vm Zij nq bv? 02. NH3, CO2, O2, I H2 Gi g‡a¨ e¨vc‡bi nv‡ii m¤úK©Ñ
A. 31.1C B. 28.5C C. 32C D. 30C A. r H2 r O2 r NH3 r CO2 B. r H2 r NH3 r O2 r CO2

Ans C Why CO2 Gi msKU ZvcgvÎv 31.1°C ZvB G‡K 31.1°C
C. r H2 r NH3 r CO2 r O2 D. r H2 r O2 r NH3 r CO2
ZvcgvÎvi Dc‡i ‡Kvb ZvcgvÎvq Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv m¤¢e bv|
Ans B Why ‡Kvb M¨v‡mi e¨vc‡bi nvi, Zvi AvYweK f‡ii eM© g~‡ji
15. 22g CO2 M¨v‡mi Rb¨ Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY wK?
1
e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK| A_v©r AvYweK fi ‡ewk n‡j e¨vc‡bi nvi n«vm cvq|
A. PV = nRT B. PV = RT C. PV = 2RT D. PV = 2 RT r1 M2 1 1
m 22 1   r1  , r2 
Ans D Why PV = nRT  PV = M RT PV = 44 RT PV = 2 RT r2 M1 M1 M2
16. ZvccÖ‡qv‡M Mjvbv‡¼ †c․Qv‡bvi c~‡e©B †Kvb c`v_©wUi †Kjvm KvVv‡gv bó nq? myZivs AvYweK f‡ii µg Abymv‡i e¨vcb nv‡ii m¤úK© n‡e rH2 > rNH3 > rO2> rCO2
A. NaCl B. MÖvdvBU C. CuSO4.5H2O D. eid 03 . LPG M¨v‡mi g‡a¨ mvaviYZ _v‡K Ñ
Ans C Why nvB‡WªU ‡Kjvm mg~n A`vbv`vi| nvB‡Wª‡Ui ‡Kjv‡mi g‡a¨ A. C3 I C4 Kve©b cigvYy hy³ A¨vj‡Kb
cvwbi mv‡_ avZe je‡Yi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb eÜb ZvccÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j ‡f‡½ hvq B. C3 I C4 Kve©b cigvYy hy³ A¨vjwKb
C. C3 I C4 Kve©b cigvYy hy³ mij A¨vjwKb I A¨vj‡Kb
d‡j Mjbv‡¼ ‡c․Qv‡bvi c~‡e©B c`v_©wUi ‡Kjvm KvVv‡gv bó nq|
D. C2, C3 I C4 Kve©b cigvYy hy³ A¨vj‡Kb I A¨vjwKb
17. NTP †Z 1.0L M¨v‡mi fi 0.09g M¨vmwU Kx?
Ans C Why LPG M¨vm nj wb¤œ AvYweK fi wewkó nvB‡WªvKve©‡bi
A. O2 B. H2 C. N2 D. CO2 Ans B
wgkÖY| G LPG M¨v‡mi g‡a¨ C3 I C4 Kve©b cigvYy wewkó A¨vj‡Kb I
18. ‡KvbwU `vbv`vi c`v_© bq?
A¨vjwKb ‡kÖYxi M¨vm _v‡K|
A. KuvP B. CsCl C. Na2SO4.10H2O D. CaO Ans C
04. CH3–COOH ÿviK wnmv‡e KvR K‡i Kvi Dcw¯‡Z?
19. ‡KvbwU ¯^Ztù~Z© cÖwµqv? A. H–COOH B. H2CO3 C. NH3 D. H2SO4
A. e¨vcb B. wbtmiY C. †KvbwUB bq D. DfqwUB Ans A Ans D Why Kgkw³kvjx •Re GwmW ¸‡jv kw³kvjx A‣Re Gwm‡Wi
20. c`v‡_©i †f․Z Ae¯v KLb M¨vmxq nq? Dcw¯wZ‡Z ÿviK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| CH3 – COOH `ye©j •Re GwmW
A. AvšÍtKYv AvKl©Y  MwZkw³ B. AvšÍtKYv AvKl©Y< MwZkw³ Ges H2SO4 kw³kvjx A‣Re GwmW|
C. AvšÍtKYv AvKl©Y  MwZkw³ 05 . eRªcv‡Zi mgq wµqvkxj nq Ñ
D. c`v‡_©i Ae¯vi m‡½ G‡ì m¤úK© †bB Ans B (i) N2 M¨vm (ii) O2 M¨vm (iii) CO2 M¨vm
21. wZbwU M¨vm A, B Ges C Gi mwÜ ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g 31C, –57C Ges– wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
80C, Kÿ ZvcgvÎv 30C n‡j †Kvb M¨vmwU me‡P‡q mn‡R Zij nq?
Ans A Why eRªcv‡Zi mgq D”PZvcgvÎvq evqygÐ‡ji wKQz cwigvY N2 I
A. A B. B C. C D. ‡KvbwUB bq
O2 M¨vm wewµqv K‡i cÖ_‡g NO I c‡i wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq NO2 Drcbœ K‡i|
Ans A Why Avgiv Rvwb, mwÜ ZvcgvÎvi Dc‡i ‡Kvb M¨vm‡K Zi‡j
cwiYZ Kiv hvq bv| A, B, C wZbwU M¨v‡mi µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g  gwbgyj  AvwbKv  BDmyd 
31°C, -57°C I -80°C Ges Kÿ ZvcgvÎv 30°C n‡j-
01. evqygÐ‡j †Kvb M¨vmwUi kZKiv cwigvY †ÿÎ we‡k‡l †ewk gvÎvq cwieZ©b nq?
–57°C < 30°C; –80°C < 30°C; 31°C > 30°C
A. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb B. Aw·‡Rb
A_¨©vr, A M¨vmwU‡K mn‡R Zij Kiv hv‡e|
C. Rjxq ev®ú D. Kve©b WvBA·vBW Ans C
P . ‡KvKv‡Kvjv, dv›Uv, ¯úª v BU BZ¨vw` †L‡Z UK jv‡M KviY GwmW wn‡m‡e
22.  K m¤úK©wU †Kvb M¨vm m~Î‡K cÖKvk K‡i? 02
T G‡Z eZ©gvb _v‡K Ñ
A. e‡q‡ji m~Î B. Pvj©m m~Î A. HCl B. mvBwUªK GwmW C. U¨vs D. Kve©b WvBA·vBW Ans D
C. Pvcxq m~Î D. A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv ZË¡ Ans C 03. ‡h RxevYyi (e¨vK‡Uwiqv) mvnv‡h¨ HNO3 GwmW †_‡K mivmwi N2(g)
23. 1.0L AvqZ‡bi GKwU cv‡Î 0.25g O2, 0.25g N2 Ges 0.25g CO2 M¨vm evZv‡m wegy³ nq Zv n‡jv Ñ
wgwkÖZ Av‡Q| wgkÖ‡Y †Kvb M¨vmwUi AvswkK Pvc mev©waK? A. bvB‡Uªv‡mvdvBs e¨vK‡Uwiqv B. bvB‡Uªv‡gvbvm e¨vK‡Uwiqv
A. O2 B. N2 C. CO2 D. O2 Ges N2 C. bvBwUªdvBs e¨vK‡Uwiqv D. wWbvBwUªdvBs e¨vK‡Uwiqv
0.25 Ans B Wh y wWbvBwUª d vBs e¨vK‡Uwiqvi mvnv‡h¨ HNO3 GwmW ‡_‡K
Ans B Why nO2 = 0.25/32 = 0.008mol; nN2 = 28 = 0.009mol wWbvBwUªdvBs
mivmwi N2(g) evZv‡m wegy³ nq| HNO3  N2(g)
0.25 e¨vK‡Uwiqv
nCO2 = = 0.006mol
44  myfvl  gnxeyi  weg‡j›`y  Av‡bvqvi 
N2 Gi ‡gvj msL¨v ‡ewk ZvB AvswkK Pvc ‡ewk|
01. M¨vm Av`k© n‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb †jLwPÎwU AbymiY Ki‡e?
 mwÄZ Kzgvi ¸n m¨vi  A. PV ebvg P †jLwPÎ PV A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj n‡e
B. PV ebvg P †jLwPÎ P A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj n‡e
01. mgvb f‡ii `ywU M¨vm A I B GKB Pvc I ZvcgvÎvq `ywU c„_K cv‡Î ivLv C. P ebvg V †jLwPÎ V A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj n‡e
Av‡Q| A I B Gi AvYweK f‡ii AbycvZ n‡j 2 : 3 cvÎ `ywUi AvqZ‡bi D. V ebvg PV †jLwPÎ V A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj n‡e
AbycvZ n‡e- Ans B Why Av`k© M¨v‡mi †jLwPÎt
A. 2 : 3 B. 3 : 2 C. 4 : 3 D. 3 : 4
1 T3
1
V M V M V  T2
Ans B Wh y 1
 2
 1
 1
 1
 2 PV
V2 M1 V2 M2 V2 3 T1
 V1 : V 2 = 3 : 2
P
02. Av`k© M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU Av‡Q? 02. STP †Z GKwU cv‡Îi g‡a¨ 1mol Ar, 2 mol CO2, 3 mol O2 Ges
A. AvKl©Y Av‡Q, wKš‧ weKl©Y †bB B. weKl©Y Av‡Q, wKš‧ AvKl©Y †bB 4mol N2 i‡q‡Q| wgkÖYwUi †gvU Pvc AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L 1mol O2 wgkÖYwU
C. AvKl©Y I weKl©Y †KvbUvB †bB D. AvKl©Y I weKl©Y DfqB Av‡Q †_‡K mwi‡q wb‡j O2 Gi AvswkK Pvc Kxiƒc cwieZ©b NU‡e?
Ans C Why M¨v‡mi AYymg~‡ni wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Ges AYy I iwÿZ A. cÖvq 26% n«vm cv‡e B. A‡a©K n‡e
M¨vmcv‡Îi †`qv‡ji g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y ej Kvh©Kix _v‡K bv| C. cÖvq 33% n«vm cv‡e D. cÖvq 4% n«vm cv‡e
03. wb¤œwjwLZ¸‡jv wk‡íi M¨vmxq eR¨©, hv evqy `~l‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx?
Ans A Why ‡gvU ‡gvj msL¨v = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10
A. O2, SO2, CO2, N2, CPC B. SO2, CO2, NO2, CFC
P 3
C. O2, N2, CFC D. N2, SO2, CO4 Ans B O2 =
10
miv‡bvi ci ‡gvU ‡gvj msL¨v 10 – 1
04. ‡Kvb¸‡jv MÖxb nvDR M¨vm, hv evqygÐ‡ji ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Rb¨ `vqx?
2
A. CH4, C2, CFC B. CFC, N2, CO2 1mol O2 miv‡bvi ci ‡gvU ‡gvj msL¨v = 9; PO2 =
9
C. N2O, CFC, CH4, CO2 D. CO2, N2, O2, CH4
Ans C Why g~jZ CO2, CH4, O3, CFC, N2O I Rjxq ev®ú‡K wMÖb P 3 2 27–20 7
O2 Gi AvswkK Pvc cwiewZ©Z nq – = =
10 9 90 90
nvDR M¨vm ejv nq| g~j MÖxb nvDR M¨vm wn‡m‡e CO2 ‡K aiv nq|
3 7 7 10
05. HCl I H3O+ Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU †Kvb ‡kÖwYi GwmW? 10
Gi AvswkK Pv‡ci cwieZ©b 90 ; 1 AvswkK Pvc cwiewZ©Z nq = 90  3
+
A. H3O AvYweK I HCl K¨vUvqwbK ‡kÖwYi
710100
B. H3O+ A¨vbvqwbK I HCl K¨vUvqwbK ‡kÖwYi 100 AvswkK Pvc cwiewZ©Z nq = = 26%
903
C. HCl AvYweK I H3O+ K¨vUvqwbK ‡kÖwYi
03. ‡Kvb ai‡bi `~lK cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb (DO) Gi cwigvY n«vm K‡i?
D. HCl A¨vbvqwbK I H3O+ K¨vUvqwbK ‡kÖwYi Ans C
A. A‣Re `~lK B. •Re `~lK
06. w¯i ZvcgvÎvq M¨vm¸‡jvi eM©g~j Mo eM© †e‡Mi gvb we‡ePbv K‡i †h
C. †ZRw¯…q `~lK D. KYvRvZxq `~lK
DaŸ©µgwU cvIqv hvq Zv n‡jv Ñ
A. H2>N2>CO2 B. N2>H2>CO2 C. N2>CO2>H2 D. CO2>N2>H2 Ans B Why cvwb‡Z •Re c`v_© AwaK _vK‡j Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY n«vm
Ans A Why eM©g~j Mo eM© †eM‡K AvYweK f‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Kiv hvq| cvq hv gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ Rx‡ei Rb¨ ÿwZKi| Ref: Rqbyj/38
C= 3RT A_¨v©r, eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, AvYweK f‡ii eM©g~‡ji 04. O2––––––––– hv
O + O, O3+OO2 + O2; G‡ÿ‡Î wewµqvØq Ñ
M AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥
e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK| H2, N2, CO2 Gi AvYweK f‡ii µg nj H2 < N2 < CO2 (i) ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqv‡i I‡Rvb ¯Í‡i N‡U (ii)wecixZµ‡g PµvKv‡i Pj‡Z _v‡K
AZGe eM©g~j Mo eM© †e‡Mi µg n‡e H2 > N2 > CO2 (iii) msNU‡bi d‡j ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqv‡i I‡Rvb M¨v‡mi cwigvY e„w× cvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK
 Rqbvj  mv‡qb  Iqvwn`y¾vgvb  gvbœvb  A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans A
01. evqygÐj‡K KqwU ¯Í‡i wef³ Kiv nq? we`y¨r O2 H2O gvwUi
05. A2+B2––– AB ––– AB2––– X ––– `ªve¨ bvB‡UªU jeY;
A. PviwU B. `ywU C. cuvPwU D. wZbwU Ans A ¶iY B2 ¶vi
02. Av`k© M¨v‡mi •ewkó¨ †KvbwU? †hLv‡b A I B `yBwU cÖZxKx †g․j| X †h․MwUi ms‡KZ †KvbwU?
A. AYymg~‡ni g‡a¨ AvKl©Y weKl©Y Av‡Q A. HNO3 B. HN3 C. HNO2 D. N2
B. ev¯Í‡e †Kv‡bv M¨vm Av`k© M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPiY K‡i bv 3000°C
C. cv‡Îi Zzjbvq M¨v‡mi AYyi AvqZb †ewk Ans A Why  N2 + O2 –––––––––– 2NO
D. AYyi msNl© Aw¯wZ¯vcK Ans B  2NO + O2 –––––– NO2
03. N~wY©S‡oi cÖavb Drm n‡”Q Ñ  NO2 + 2H2O –––––– 4 HNO3
(i) Dò evqy (ii) Av`©ª evqy (iii) Rjxq ev®ú  HNO3 + CaO –––––– Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  HNO3 + MgO ––– Mg(NO3)2 + H2O
 cwiwkó 
Ans A Why NywY©S‡oi Drm evqyi Zvc, Pvc NbZ¡ I Rjxq ev®ú wKš‧
NywY©S‡oi cÖavb Drm `ywU| h_v- Dò evqy I Av©`ª evqy| 06. Av‡m©wbK (III) GbRvB‡gi †Kvb Kvh©Kix g~j‡Ki mv‡_ eÜb MVb K‡i
04. CFC †h․‡M wK ai‡bi eÜb we`¨gvb? GbRvB‡gi Kvh©µ‡g e¨vNvZ NUvq?
A. AvqwbK B. mg‡hvRx C. mwbœ‡ek mg‡hvRx D. avZe A. –OH B. –SH C. –CHO D. –NH2
Ans B Why CFC mg‡hvRx eÜb wewkó ‡h․M| KviY CFC ‘C’ ‘Cl’ I Ans B Why Av‡m©wbK (III) Gi welwµqv Av‡m©wbK (V) Gi welwµqv
F Øviv MwVZ hvi me¸‡jvB AavZz| AavZz mg~n mvaviYZ mg‡hvRx eÜ‡bi A‡cÿv `k¸Y †ewk| gvby‡li kix‡ii ‡cÖvwUb I GbRvB‡gi mv‡_ _v‡qvj
gva¨‡g ci®úi hy³ nq| eÜb MVb (–SH) K‡i GbRvB‡gi Kvh©µ‡g e¨NvZ NUvq|
 wjsKb  Kwig  byiæj  07 . cvwbi ¯vqx LiZvi Rb¨ `vqx Avqb n‡jv Ñ
(i) Mg2+ (ii) Ca2+ (iii) Fe2+
01. ‡Kvb ai‡bi `~lK cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Aw·‡Rb (DO) Gi cwigvY n«vm K‡i? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A. A‣Re `~lK B. ‣Re `~lK A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
C. ‡ZRw¯…q `~lK D. KYvRvZxq `~lK 2+
Ans A Why cvwbi ¯vqx LiZvi Rb¨ `vqx Avqb¸‡jv nj Ca , Mg ,
2+
Ans B Why cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j `~l‡Yi gvÎv Al Gi ‡K¬vivBW, mvj‡dU| A¯vqx LiZvi Rb¨ `vqx Avqb nj Ca2+,
3+
†e‡o hvq| KviY •Re `~lKmg~n e¨vK‡Uwiqvi cÖfv‡e G `ªexf~Z Aw·‡R‡bi
Mg2+, Al3+, Fe2+ Gi evBKve©‡bU|
mvnv‡h¨ RvwiZ nq| d‡j O2 Gi cwigvY n«vm cvq|
08. ‣Re c`v‡_©i Am¤ú~Y© Rvi‡Yi Rb¨ Drcbœ c`v_© n‡jv Ñ ASPECT SERIES 
03. `yBwU M¨v‡mi Nb‡Z¡i AbycvZ 1:2 Ges Zv‡ì ZvcgvÎvi AbycvZ 2:1|
(i) CH4 (ii) H2S (iii) NH3 M¨vm `yBwUi Pv‡ci AbycvZÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? A. 1:1 B. 1:2 C. 2:1 D. 4:1
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii d1T1 d2T2 d1  T 1 P 1
Ans C Why •Re c`v‡_©i Am¤ú~Y© Rvi‡Yi Rb¨ cvwb‡Z CH4, H2S, Ans A Why P = P  =
1 2 d2  T 2 P 2
NH3 cÖf…wZ c`v_© Drcbœ nq| P1 1 2
09. As3+, As5+ A‡cÿv KZ ¸Y welv³?  =  = 1  P1 : P2 = 1:1
P2 2 1
A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 10 Ans D
10. EPA Gi gvb`‡Ð cvwb‡Z Av`k© TDS KZ?  BKevj  nviæb  Iqvwn`y¾vgvb  †gvkvid 
A. 100 ppm B. 200 ppm C. 300 ppm D. 500 ppm Ans D
11. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi `~l‡Y wgbv gvZv bvgK †ivM m„wó nq? 01. GK AYy wm Gd wm KqwU I‡Rvb AYy‡K aŸsm K‡i?
A. Pb B. Hg C. Cd D. Cr Ans B A. 10wU B. 100wU C. 1000wU D. 10000wU Ans C
12. 4g H2 M¨v‡mi Ae¯vi mgxKiY †KvbwU?  wb‡Pi wPÎwU †`Lv Ges 2 I 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
 2 
 2a 
A.  P  2 V  rb   nRT B.  P  2 V  2b   2RT
r a
   
 V  V P
 4a   4a 
C.  P  2 V  2b   2RT D.  P  V  b   RT Ans C T1
 V   V T2
T3
13. GwmW e„wói Kvi‡Y Rjvk‡qi cvwb‡Z wb‡Pi †Kvb Avqb m„wó nq hv gv‡Qi V
g„Zzï cÖavb KviY?
02. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎwU †Kvb m~Î‡K mg_©b K‡i?
A. Al3+ B. Fe2+ C. Fe3+ D. Ca2+ Ans A
14. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mev©‡cÿv `ye©j AbyeÜx ÿviK? A. e‡q‡ji m~Î B. Pvj©‡mi m~Î
A. CO32– B. SO42– C. NO3– D. ClO4– Ans D C . Wvë‡bi AvswkK Pvc m~ Î D. MÖvnv‡gi e¨vcb m~Î Ans A
15. Dfag©x cÖRvwZ n‡jv Ñ 03. DÏxc‡K Ñ
(i) H2O (ii) HCO3– (iii) CH3COOH (i) ZvcgvÎvi µg Ñ T3 < T2 < T1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ii) cÖ_g ‡iLvwU mev©waK Pvc cÖ`k©b K‡i
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans A (iii) cÖwZwU †iLvB mgZvcxq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 ¯^cb Kzgvi wg¯¿x  A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D
01. BU fvUvq Am¤ú~Y© `n‡b †Kvb †h․M Drcbœ nq? 04. AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y ej †ewk n‡j Ñ
A. CO2 B. CO C. SO3 D. NH3 (i) ev®úPvc K‡g (ii) ùzUbvsK ev‡o
Ans B Why BUfvUvq Kve©‡bi Am¤ú~Y© `n‡b Kve©b g‡bv·vBW (CO) (iii) Av`k© M¨vm nq
1 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Drcbœ nq| C  O 2  CO
2 A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans A
02. ‡Kvb M¨v‡m e¨vc‡bi nvi Gi Ñ
05. 1 wjUvi AvqZ‡bi 4wU cv‡Î 0C ZvcgvÎvq 4g K‡i wb‡Pi 4wU M¨vm ivLv
A. Nb‡Z¡i mgvbycvwZK B. AvYweK f‡ii mgvYycvwZK
C. AvYweK f‡ii e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK Av‡Q| †KvbwU‡Z Pv‡ci cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk n‡e?
A. CH4 B. N2 C. O2 D. CO2 Ans A
D.AvYweK f‡ii eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK Ans D
VVI DATA AT A GLANCE  HSC PART  †miv K‡jR cÖkœ

 I‡Rvb¯Íi ÿ‡qi Rb¨ `vqx CF2Cl [BMS]  gviK¨vcUb `~lKwU †c‡Uªvwjqvg †kvabvMvi, Pvgov wkí, KvMR
 MÖxb nvDR cÖfv‡e CO2 M¨vmwUi cÖfve †ewk | [NI] wkí I †c‡Uªwjqvg wkí n‡Z wbM©Z nq| [MH]
 cvwb‡Z AbyRxe †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ (DO) cwigvY (4–8)ppm [AKMC]  eRªcv‡Zi mgq wµqvkxj nq N2 I O2 M¨vm [CUL]
 cvwbi weï×Zv cwigv‡ci gvb`Ð DO, BOD I PH [JGGC]  SO2, CO2, NO2, CFC wk‡íi M¨vmxq eR¨©, hv evqy `~l‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx| [HAH]
 CO2 Kvi‡b m„ó GwmW e„wó cwi‡e‡ki †Zgb †Kv‡bv ÿwZ nq bv| [ISC]  ‡Kv‡bv ¯v‡bi AvenvIqv I Rjevqy‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i Uª‡cvwùqvi Gi evqygÐj [MGC]
 w¯i ZvcgvÎvq r.m.s †e‡Mi mwVK µg H2>N2>CO2 [SJ]  cvwbi g‡a¨ `~lK c`v_© wnmv‡e _v‡K •Re †hvM I A‣Re eR¨© c`v_©| [KB]
 cvwb‡Z COD Gi gvb BOD Gi gvb A‡cÿv †ewk | [IPS]  Cr Gi Cr Ae¯v kix‡i •Zix K‡i Bbmywjb I †cÖvwUb|
3+
[NDC]
 ev¯Íe M¨vm¸‡jv mKj ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c e‡qj I Pvj‡m©i m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv| [PGC]  NTP †Z GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ms‡KvPbkxjZv ¸Yv¼ (z) Gi gvb 1.0 [MWC]
 cvwbi TDS Kgv‡bvi Dcvq n‡jv Deionization cÖwµqvq Kve©b  Dw™¢` KZ…©K CO2 †kvlY mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g N‡U| [DRMC]
wdëvi I cvZb [DC]
 NywY©So n‡jB †mLv‡b R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi m„wó nq| [RJMC]
 NywY©So m„wó‡Z Acwinvh© kZ©mg~n nj Av`ª© mvgyw`ªK evqy I
wb¤œPvc| [RUMC]
 Cr `~l‡Yi d‡j RBC †Z †j․n Fe †kvl‡Y evav cvq|
3+ 2+
[NDC]
NH3, CO2, O2 I H2 Gi g‡a¨ e¨vc‡bi nvi H2 Gi †ewk| [BMC

 ï®‥ H2 M¨v‡mi Pvc n‡jv Ñ101.750kPa [DC]
MCQ  CONCEPT TEST  WRITTEN
01. IPCC Gi M‡elYvi djvdj Abymv‡i AvMvgx 2150 mv‡j c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv 15. wb‡Pi †Kvb †jLwPÎwU e‡q‡ji m~Î‡K mg_©b K‡i?
KZ e„w× cv‡e?
A. 1.8% B. 2.8% C. 3.8 D. 4.8
 
02. wewfbœ wk‡í Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi `n‡bi d‡j Kx Drcbœ nq? V PV
A. NO B. NO2 C. CO D. CO2 A. 1 B. P

03. GwmW e„wó m„wó‡Z me †_‡K †ewk f~wgKv iv‡L- P
A. H2SO4 B. HNO3 C. HCl D. H2CO3

04. wMÖb nvDR cÖfv‡ei d‡j ZvcgvÎv e„w× ‡c‡j gvbyl ‡Kvb ‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ ‡ewk n‡e? 
logP
logP
A. nvucvwb, GjvwR©, Pg©‡ivM B. nvU© A¨vUvK, ü`‡ivM
C. Wvqv‡ewUm, A‡_©vc¨vwWK D. K¨vÝvi, wKWwb ‡ivM C. logV  D. logV
05. kix‡i Cd Gi cwigvY †e‡o ‡M‡j DcmM© †`Lv †`q bv -

A. nvBcvi‡Ubkb B. A‡š¿i Amyweav  OMR SHEET 
C. Møy‡Kv‡mvwiqv D.Anaemia 01. A B C D 06. A B C D 11. A B C D
06. Av‡m©wb‡Ki welwµqvq AvµvšÍ e¨w³i n‡Z cv‡i- 02. A B C D 07. A B C D 12. A B C D
i) evBbvBwUi, d¨vwibRvBwUm 03. A B C D 08. A B C D 13. A B C D
ii) m¨vwibRvBwUm, UªvwKIeª¼vBwUm 04. A B C D 09. A B C D 14. A B C D
iii) wm‡ivwmm wbD‡ivc¨v_x 05. A B C D 10. A B C D 15. A B C D
wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU mwVK?
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii cÖkœ-16 : M¨vm aªæeK ÔRÕ Gi Zvrch© wjL|
07. cvwb‡Z DO Gi Am¤ú~Y© Rvi‡Yi d‡j D™¢e N‡U bv - DËi : ............................................................................................
A. wg‡_b (CH4) B. dmwdb (PH3) cÖkœ-17: ÔwgbvgvZvÕ †ivM ej‡Z Kx †evS?
C. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBW (H2S) D. None DËi : ............................................................................................
08. eªb‡÷W-jvDixi gZev` Abymv‡i- wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU mwVK? cÖkœ-18. H2PO4– -A¤ø ÿviK Dfq wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †Kb?
A. GwmW ‡cÖvUb `vZv B. ÿviK ‡cÖvUb MÖnxZv DËi : ............................................................................................
C. RviK ‡cÖvUb MÖnxZv D. ‡cÖvUbxq ZË¡ bv‡g cwiwPZ cÖkœ-19. LPG M¨v‡m gviK¨vcUvb †hvM Kiv nq †Kb?
09. 28 MÖvg bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Ges 142g †K¬vwib M¨v‡mi wgkª‡Yi †gvU Pvc 12atm DËi : ............................................................................................
n‡j H wgkÖ‡Y bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi AvswkK Pvc KZ? cÖkœ-20. A¨vgvMv †iLv Kx?
A. 8 atm B. 4 atm C. 6 atm D. 2 atm
DËi : ............................................................................................
10. 27C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZb 10 m3| Pvc w¯i †i‡L ZvcgvÎv
KZ C e„w× Ki‡j AvqZb 12 m3 n‡e? cÖkœ-21. Av`k© M¨v‡mi Ae¯vi mgxKiY ej‡Z Kx †evS?
A. 60C B. 50C C. 80C D. 40C DËi : ............................................................................................
11. GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c NH3 M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nvi 10 2 m3/s n‡j cÖkœ-22. ¯vqx LiZv I A¯vqx LiZvi g‡a¨ 2wU cv_©K¨ wjL|
DËi : ............................................................................................
D³ Ae¯vq H2S M¨v‡mi e¨vcb nvi KZ m3/s?
cÖkœ-23. GKwU wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwbi LiZv 200 ppm ej‡Z Kx †evS?
A. 5 2 B. 20 C. 10 D. 20 2
DËi : ............................................................................................
12. Acid Rain Gi Rb¨ `vqx bq?
A. SO2 B. NO2 C. CO2 D. N2O cÖ
kœ-24. MÖxb nvDR cÖfve m„wó‡Z CO2 & CH4 Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi AYy cÖwZ
13. wkí‡ÿ‡Î NH3 †_‡K HNO3 •Zwi cÖwµqv‡K e‡j- Ae`vb me©v‡cÿv †ewk?
A. Solvay Process B.Haber Process DËi : ............................................................................................
C. Ostwald Process D. Contact Process cÖkœ-25. Ryj _gmb cÖfv‡e ZvcgvÎv n«vm cvq †Kb?
14. wb‡gœi †Kvb M¨vmwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ag© †_‡K me‡P‡q †ewk wePz¨Z? DËi : ............................................................................................
A. HCl B. He C. CH4 D. N2
MCQ  ANSWER ANALYSIS  WRITTEN

cÖkœ bs DËi e¨vL¨v
01 C 2013 mv‡j Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) Gi M‡elYvi djvd‡j ‡`Lv hvq evqygÐ‡j CO2 Gi cwigvY eQ‡i
0.3-0.4% nv‡i evo‡Q| hw` G nv‡i CO2 Gi cwigvY e„w× cvq Z‡e AvMvgx 2150 mvj bvMv` c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv cÖvq 3.8°C e„w× cv‡e|
ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j mvB‡K¬vb, mycvi mvB‡K¬vb, U‡b©‡Wv, mybvwgi g‡Zv So¸‡jv AviI weaŸsmx n‡q DV‡e|
02 B Uª‡cvwùqv‡i I‡Rvb M¨vm Ae¯vb K‡i| ‡gvUi BwÄb, Zvcwe`y¨r ‡K›`ª I wewfbœ wk‡í Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi `n‡bi d‡j NO2 Drcbœ nq| Drcbœ
NO2 evqygÐ‡j Dcw¯Z nvB‡WªvKve©bmg~n I Aw·‡R‡bi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i O3 M¨v‡mi DrcwË NUvq|
03 A GwmW e„wó m„wó‡Z me †_‡K †ewk f~wgKv iv‡L H2SO4(60–65%), Zvici HNO3(30–35%) me‡P‡q Kg f~wgKv iv‡L HCl.
04 A CONCEPT : 8 Item-02
05 D gvby‡li kix‡i Cd Gi cwigvY †e‡o †M‡j nvBcvi‡Ubkb, A‡š¿i Amyweav, Møy‡Kvwmwiqv, nvBcviK¨vjwmDwiqv, wKWwb‡Z cv_i m„wó cÖf…wZ
DcmM© †`Lv †`q|
06 D Av‡m©wb‡Ki welwµqvq AvµvšÍ e¨w³i †`‡n evBbvBwUm, d¨vwibRvBwUm, m¨vwibRvBwUm, UªvwKIeª¼vBwUm, wm‡ivwmm wbD‡ivc¨v_x, Z¡K msµvšÍ
Av‡m©wb‡Kvwmm †iv‡Mi g‡Zv KwVb KwVb me e¨vwai m„wó nq|
07 D cvwb‡Z DO Gi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j RviY Kv‡h© cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó nIqvq cvwbi `~lY gvÎv µgvš^‡q †e‡o hvq| Am¤ú~Y© Rvi‡Yi d‡j CH4,
PH3, H2S A¨vwgb RvZxq †h․‡Mi D™¢e N‡U| d‡j cvwb‡Z `yM©‡Üi m„wó nq|
08 D GwmW †cÖvUb `vZv Ges ÿviK †cÖvUb MÖnxZv| Giv Avavb wbi‡cÿ †h․M A_ev abvZ¥K ev FYvZ¥K Avavbwewkó g~jK n‡Z cv‡i|
09 B 1
AvswkK Pvc= †gvj fMœvsk × †gvU Pvc  PN 2  12  4atm
1 2
10 A
 T2  T1V2  T2  300 12  T2 = 360 K  cÖ‡qvRbxq ZvcgvÎv, T = (360  300)C = 60C
V1 V2
Pvj©‡mi m~Îvbymv‡i, 
T1 T2 V1 10
11 C r1 M2 34  r2  10
 
r2 M1 17
12 C CO2 Acid Rain Gi Rb¨ `vqx bq KviY CO2 `~e©j H2CO3 GwmW •Zix K‡i hv pH cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
13 C AmIqvì c×wZ‡Z wkí †ÿ‡Î NH3 †_‡K HNO3 •Zwi Kiv nq|
14 A Av`k© M¨v‡mi wePy¨wZi KwZcq Kvi‡bi GKwU n‡”Q AvYweK fi| wbw®…q M¨vm e¨ZxZ AvYweK fi hZ †ewk n‡e Av`k© M¨vm †_‡K wePz¨wZ ZZ †ewk
n‡e| HCl Gi AvYweK fi = 1+ 35.5=36.5;CH4 Gi AvYweK fi = 12+4=16; N2 Gi AvYweK fi = 28 myZivs HCl Gi wePz¨wZ †ewk
n‡e|
15 A+C
e‡q‡ji m~Îg‡Z, V Ges 1 ci¯ú‡ii mgvbycvwZK| ZvB g~jwe›`yMvgx mij‡iLv n‡e|
P
16 M¨vm aªæeK ÔRÕ Gi gvÎv ÔRÕ = KvR wWwMÖ-1 †gvj-1| Pvc w¯i †i‡L 1.0 †gvj Av`k© M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 1K evov‡j M¨v‡mi AvqZb e„w×RwbZ
†h cwigvY KvR m¤úvw`Z nq Zv M¨vm aªæeK ÔRÕ Gi mgvb| GUvB M¨vm aªæeK ÔRÕ Gi Zvrch©|
17 cvwb‡Z cvi` wgwkÖZ _vK‡j cvwbi wewfbœ AYyRxe Øviv cvi` (Hg) wg‡_‡bi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i wg_vBj gvK©vwi bvgK welv³ c`v_© m„wó K‡i|
wg_vBj gvK©vix gv‡Qi gva¨‡g kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i †h †iv‡Mi m„wó K‡i ZvB ÔwgbvgvZvÕ †ivM|
18 H2PO4– AvqbwU OH– Avqb‡K †cÖvUb `vb K‡i A¤øiƒ‡c Ges H2O †_‡K †cÖvUb MÖnY K‡i ÿviKiƒ‡c wµqv K‡i| ZvB H2PO4 A¤ø ÿviK Dfq
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
19 LPG M¨vm MÜnxb nIqvq wmwjÛvi wjK n‡”Q wKbv †evSv hvq bv| wKšÍy gviK¨vcUvb Zxeª MÜhy³| GwU LPG M¨v‡mi mv‡_ hy³ _vK‡j wmwjÛvi wjK
n‡j Gi MÜ †_‡K †evSv hvq| ZvB LPG M¨v‡m gviK¨vcUvb †hvM Kiv nq|
20 w¯i ZvcgvÎvq ev¯Íe M¨vmmg~‡ni PV Gi gv‡bi wecix‡Z P Gi †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki‡j †h eµ †iLv cvIqv hvq, †mB †iLv¸‡jv‡K A¨vgvMv †iLv e‡j|
21 M¨vm m~Îmg~‡ni mgš^‡q cÖwZwôZ PV = nRT mgxKiY‡K Av`k© M¨v‡mi Ae¯vi mgxKiY ejv nq|
22 CONCEPT-12 Item-02
23 GKwU wUDeI‡q‡ji `k jÿ fv‡Mi cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb LiZv m„wóKvix c`v_© H wUDeI‡q‡ji 200 fvM cvwb‡Z we`¨gvb CaCO3 Gi IR‡bi mgvb|
24 MÖxbnvDR cÖfve m„wó‡Z AYycÖwZ Ae`vb CH4 A‡cÿv CO2 Gi †ewk| cÖwZ AYy CO2 Gi Zvc AvU‡K †Ìqvi ÿgZv cÖwZ AYy CH4 Gi Zyjbvq cÖvq 25 ¸Y †ewk|
25 267 c„ôvq [CU 2011-12] `ªóe¨|
cÖkœB hLb cÖkœ nq  †kl `„wó  KviY AbymÜvb cÖ‡qvRb bq

 w¯i Pv‡c ZvcgvÎv evov‡j M¨v‡mi AvqZ‡bi mv‡_ mgfv‡e cwieZ©b NU‡e †Kb?  me eªb‡÷W ÿviK Avi‡nwbqvm ÿviK bq †Kb?
 †gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK R Gi gvb wewfbœ GK‡K wfbœ †Kb?  me jyBm ÿviK eªb‡÷W ÿviK †Kb?
 GKwU wbw`©ó DòZvq H2 I CO2 AYyi MwZkw³ wfbœ †Kb?  H+ GKwU jyBm GwmW †Kb?
 ‡Kvb ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi ms‡KvPbkxjZv ¸Yv‡¼i (Z) gvb KLb 1 Gi AwaK nq bv †Kb?  eR¨© cvwbi •ewkó¨ mvaviYZ cvwb A‡cÿv wfbœ †Kb?
 CO GKwU welv³ M¨vm, wKš‧ CO2 welv³ bq †Kb?  evqygÐ‡ji mKj ¯v‡b Av‡jvK ivmvqwbK wewµqv mgvb bq †Kb?
 ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqv‡ii I‡Rvb DcKvix wKš‧ †Uªv‡cv‡ùvwiK I‡Rvb Avgv‡ì Rb¨ ÿwZKviK †Kb?  wPšÍv Ki †`wL?
 mKj Avi‡nwbqvm GwmW nj eªb‡÷W GwmW wKš‧ wecixZ e³e¨wU mwVK bvI  dzUej‡K cv¤ú Kivi mgq Zvi †fZ‡ii M¨v‡mi Pvc I AvqZb `y‡UvB ev‡o|
n‡Z cv‡i †Kb? GB NUbv wK e‡qj m~‡Îi we‡ivax|
 AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbv
Avcbv‡K weï× K‡i
Ac‡ii mgv‡jvPbv Avcbv‡K `~wlZ K‡i|  .......†jLK

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304 cwi‡ek imvqb CHEMISTRY PLUS

BASIC TOUCH AT A GLANCE ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kã¸‡”Qi cwiwPwZ I cÖ‡qvM [TOPICS Gi ¸iæZ¡vbymv‡i]

 CONCEPT 01 cwi‡e‡ki I evqygÐ‡ji Dcv`vb I MVb

 Item- 02: evqygÐ‡ji Dcv`vb-

 Item-03: evqygÐ‡ji wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii MVb :

M¨v‡mi mshyw³i wfwË‡Z Pvc I ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b Abymv‡i

Uª‡cvwùqvi ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqvi †g‡mvwùqvi _v‡g©vwùqvi

we‡kl wKQz Z_¨

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

mwVK DËi: C. _v‡g©vwùqvi A. ÷ª¨v‡UvgÐj B. †g‡mvgÐj C. Uª‡cvgÐj D. ZvcgÐj

 cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvt

Chart-02: wewfbœ GK‡K R Gi gvb :

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

02. M¨vm aªæeK, R cÖ‡hvR¨Ñ [BSMRSTU. 2012-13] Board Ques.

†M-jymv‡Ki m~‡Î mgAvqZbxq

A_©vr xy = C mgxKiY †g‡b P‡j Zvn‡j P ebvg V Gi MÖvd n‡e Awae„Ëxq- P

A. †jLwP‡Îi cÖK…wZ wbY©q :

cÖkœ-1 : Av`k© M¨vm I ev¯Íe M¨vm ej‡Z wK eySvq?

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

A. B. mwVK DËi: B. ‡hvMd‡ji mgvb

T(K) A. K¨vjwfb ZvcgvÎvi mgvby c vwZK B. ‡mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK

mwVK DËi: A. K¨vjwfb ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK

 CONCEPT 04 c`v‡_©i wewfbœ Ae¯v Ges M¨vm m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv

 M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i ¯^xKvh© mg~nt ASPECT SERIES 

 mKj M¨vmxq KYv AmsL¨ ÿy`ª, †MvjvKvi I w¯wZ¯vcK|

†R‡b ivLv fvjt a Gi GKK = atm.dm6mol-2 ev atm.L2mol-2, b Gi GKK = L mol-1

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

 e¨vcb I Abye¨vc‡bi MvwYwZK mgxKiY GKB

 e¨vc‡bi m~‡Îi D”PZi e¨envwiK cÖ‡qvMt

(i) M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv (ii) nVvr e„nr  Gfv‡e K‡qKevi GB c×wZ

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

01. CO I CO2 Gi Drm:

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

 Kvwgbvi †Kv‡j Iw_ª-

wd«qb m~Î cÖ‡qvM AsK web¨vm ms‡KZ MVb

cÖkœt CClF -CClF †h․MwUi ms‡ÿc bvg Kx? Dt wd«qb- 144 Cl Cl F F

cÖkœt CFC I‡Rvb¯Íi‡K †f‡O Kx •Zwi K‡i? Dt wd«-i¨vwWK¨vj| F F F F

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

e¨vL¨v: CFC - 11 Gi ms‡KZ = CFCl3 A. CH4 B. N2O C. H2O D. CFC E. Cl2

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

HCl (aq) + NH3 (g) NH4+(aq) + Cl- (aq)

we:`ª: H hy³ mKj A¨vbvqb Dfagx© †h․M wn‡m‡e AvPiY K‡i|

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

[CU-G. 2016-17; IU-D. 2016-17] AbyeÜx hyMj

A. NaOH B. KOH C. A¨v‡gvwbqv D. nvBWªw·j A¨vwgb †KvbwU? [MBSTU-H.2016-17]

NH3, H2O, CH3 – NH2, Pyridine BZ¨vw`| BSMRSTU

MBSTU +H+ H+

A. H2O B. AlCl3 C. BF3 D. SO3 A. NH3 B. HCl C. NH4 D. Cl–

 CONCEPT 11 wgVv cvwbi Drm I mvi‡dm IqvUv‡ii weï×Zvi gvb`Ð

 BOD gvb wbY©‡qi mgxKiYt BOD =

 wek^ ¯^v¯¨ ms¯v (WHO) Aby‡gvw`Z cvwbi MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvb`Ð|

 cvwb‡Z Dcw¯Z †Uªm †g․‡ji cwigv‡Yi QKt

cÖkœt wgVv cvwbi pH mxgv KZ Gi g‡a¨? Dt 6.5–8.5 Dchy³?

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

JUST A. mvi‡dm IqvUv‡i HNO3 GwmW `ªeYxq _v‡K

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

JU mwVK DËi: B. Eutrophication

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 