TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR.

MARY JOELINE ARADA

For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/
This handout is only valid for October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
IMPORTANT LEGAL INFORMATION APGAR score that is a valid
predictor of neonatal 5-minute score
The handouts, videos and other review materials, provided by Topnotch Medical Board mortality
Preparation Incorporated are duly protected by RA 8293 otherwise known as the Newborn screening ideally
Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, and shall only be for the sole use of the person: 48 hours of life
a) whose name appear on the handout or review material, b) person subscribed to Topnotch when for term
Medical Board Preparation Incorporated Program or c) is the recipient of this electronic Newborn screening ideally
communication. No part of the handout, video or other review material may be reproduced, 5-7 days
shared, sold and distributed through any printed form, audio or video recording, electronic
when for preterm
medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part without the written consent of Expanded NBS covers how
Topnotch Medical Board Preparation Incorporated. Any violation and or infringement, 28
many diseases
whether intended or otherwise shall be subject to legal action and prosecution to the full
extent guaranteed by law. Most common cause of
Thyroid dysgenesis
congenital hypothyroidism
DISCLOSURE Most common enzyme
The handouts/review materials must be treated with utmost confidentiality. It shall be the deficiency in congenital 21-hydroxylase
responsibility of the person, whose name appears therein, that the handouts/review adrenal hyperplasia
materials are not photocopied or in any way reproduced, shared or lent to any person or
disposed in any manner. Any handout/review material found in the possession of another Physiologic weight loss in
person whose name does not appear therein shall be prima facie evidence of violation of RA during first 10 days for term 5-10%
8293. Topnotch review materials are updated every six (6) months based on the current
trends and feedback. Please buy all recommended review books and other materials listed and 2 weeks for preterm
below. Vaguely demarcated pitting
THIS HANDOUT IS NOT FOR SALE!
edema that extend across
Caput succedaneum
sutures; maximal size at birth;
INSTRUCTIONS resolves in 48-72 hours
To scan QR codes on iPhone and iPad
1. Launch the Camera app on your IOS device Blood collection with distinct
2. Point it at the QR code you want to scan margins and does not cross
3. Look for the notification banner at the top suture lines; increases size Cephalhematoma
of the screen and tap
To scan QR codes on Android
after birth for 12-24 hours;
1. Install QR code reader from Play Store resolves over 2-3 weeks
2. Launch QR code app on your device Firm to fluctuant blood
3. Point it at the QR code you want to scan collection with ill-defined
4. Tap browse website
borders located beneath the
epicranial aponeurosis;
Subgaleal hemorrhage
This handout is only valid for the October 2022 PLE batch. progressive after birth;
This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch resolution over 2-3 weeks;
since we update our handouts regularly. may be massive if there is
associated coagulopathy
Type C
PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS Most common TEF
(EA with distal TEF)
By Mary Joeline D. Arada, OTRP, MD Most common type of
Bochdalek hernia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Extrusion of abdominal
Omphalocele
PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS viscera covered with sac
Extrusion of abdominal
(QUIZLET) Gastroschisis
https://qrs.ly/hyduqnf
viscera without sac
Ask your Mothergoose for the password Intestinal ischemia
Triad of NEC pathophysiology Enteral nutrition
Pathologic organisms
NEONATOLOGY Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Single bubble sign
Pyloric atresia
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Duodenal atresia
• Immediate drying
Double bubble sign Annular pancreas
• Uninterrupted skin-to- Malrotation
skin contact
EINC Triple bubble sign Jejunal atresia
• Delayed cord clamping Paroxysms of crampy
• Non-separation of abdominal pain Intussusception
mother and baby Currant jelly stools
Target temperature for Target/doughnut sign
36.5-37.5°C Intussusception
newborns Pseudokidney sign
Room temperature at birth 25-28°C Longer than 20 seconds or
Low birth weight <2,500g Apnea is cessation of any duration if
Very low birth weight <1,500g breathing for accompanied by cyanosis
Extremely low birth weight <1,000g and bradycardia
Lt: 50cm Idiopathic apnea of
Estimated birth Most common cause of apnea
Wt: 3.5kg prematurity
anthropometrics (Lt, Wt, HC)
HC: 33-35cm Ground glass appearance Respiratory Distress
BW <3rd percentile for (+) air bronchograms Syndrome
Small for gestational age
calculated gestational age Prominent pulmonary
BW >90th percentile for Transient Tachypnea of
Large for gestational age vascular markings
gestational age the Newborn
Fluid lines in fissure
• Activity Bronchopulmonary
• Pulse “Bubbly lungs”
Dysplasia
• Grimace (reflex
Coarse streaking granular Meconium Aspiration
APGAR
irritability)
pattern Syndrome
• Appearance Perihilar streaking Neonatal pneumonia
• Respiration Jaundice visible on 2nd-3rd day,
0-3 severely depressed
peaks at 5-6 mg/dl on the 2nd-
APGAR interpretation 4-6 moderately depressed
4th day and decrease to below Physiologic jaundice
7-10 excellent condition
2 mg/dl between 5-7 days of
life
TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA Page 1 of 8
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at topnotchmedicalboardprep@gmail.com
This handout is only valid for the October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
 TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/
This handout is only valid for October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Jaundice that appears on the Scorbutic rosary Scurvy
first 24-36 hours of life, rises Vitamin and mineral in breast
Pathologic jaundice Vitamin D
faster than 5mg/dl/24 hours, milk affected by maternal
Iodine
persists after 10-14 days status
Most common cause of Stores are adequate for 6
hemolytic disease of the ABO incompatibility months; contents in breast Iron
newborn milk NOT affected by maternal Zinc
Congenital infection status
presenting as vesicular lesions HSV Vitamin toxicity presenting as
on the face and mouth hyperostosis and absence of Vitamin A
Congenital infection metaphyseal changes
presenting as purpuric Most seriously compromised
Rubella
hemorrhagic lesions all over immunologic function in Antibody production
the body and IUGR malnutrition
Congenital infection MUAC wasting 11.5-12.5cm
presenting as maculopapular Syphilis MUAC severe wasting <11.5cm
rash, IUGR, bone periostitis WFL/WFH below -3 SD
Congenital infection Severe acute malnutrition MUAC <115mm (6-59
presenting as chorioretinitis, mos)
CMV
IUGR, periventricular Refeeding syndrome hallmark Severe hypophosphatemia
calcifications Hypophosphatemia
Congenital infection Electrolyte abnormalities in
Hypokalemia
presenting as chorioretinitis, refeeding syndrome
Hypomagnesemia
IUGR, microcephaly, Toxoplasmosis At risk for overweight 85th-94th percentile
hepatosplenomegaly, Overweight >/= 95th percentile
intracerebral calcifications
Congenital infection
presenting as cutaneous scars, Varicella PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS
IUGR, cortical atrophy QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Undescended testes should be Most common route for
Intramuscular
treated surgically not later 9-15 months old inactivated vaccines
than Vaccine given intradermally BCG
• Hep B
NUTRITION • DPT
• Hib
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
• Pneumococcal
Whey-to-casein ratio in
3:2 • Hep A
mature human milk
Inactivated vaccines • Meningococcal
Iron
Vitamins and minerals • Influenza trivalent
Vitamin D
deficient in breast milk • HPV
Vitamin K
• Typhoid fever (IM)
• Galactosemia
• Rabies
• Septicemia
• Inactivated polio
• Active TB
• BCG
• Breast cancer
Contraindications to • Measles
• Malaria
breastfeeding • MMR
• Substance abuse
• Severe neurosis or • Varicella
psychosis Live vaccines • Rotavirus
• HIV • Influenza attenuated
Mineral deficiency presenting • Typhoid fever (oral)
as vesicullobullous, • Oral polio
eczematous, dry scaly or • JE
psoriaform lesions; symmetric Only 2 vaccines that cannot be
Zinc Yellow fever
peioral, sacral, and perianal given simultaneously on the
Cholera
areas ; reduced immune same visit (separate by at least
response; hypogonadal 3 weeks)
dwarfism Anaphylactic reaction
Vitamin deficiency presenting Permanent contraindications Encephalopathy not due to
as diarrhea, dementia, and to vaccines other causes within 7 days
dermatitis after pertussis vaccination
(edema, erythema, burning of sun Niacin Temporary contraindications Pregnancy
exposed skin on the face, neck, to live vaccines Immunosuppression
hands; butterfly distribution around BCG
the neck) Vaccines given at birth
Hep B
Vitamin deficiency presenting Rotavirus not started when >15 weeks old
as alopecia with neurological Biotin Rotavirus last dose not given
symptoms Intussusception
later than 32 weeks due to risk of
Vitamin deficiency presenting Earliest age measles vaccine 6 months (during
as follicular hyperkeratosis, Vitamin A could be given outbreaks)
xerosis, night blindness Earliest age that the 2nd dose
Vitamin deficiency presenting 4 weeks
of Hep B can be given
as follicular hyperkeratosis, VZIg within 96 hours
perifollicular erythema and Vitamin C PEP for varicella
Vaccine within 3-5 days
hemorrhage, bleeding and
Rifampicin
swollen gums PEP for meningococcemia Ceftriaxone
Rachitic rosary Rickets Ciprofloxacin (adults)
TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA Page 2 of 8
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at topnotchmedicalboardprep@gmail.com
This handout is only valid for the October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
 TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/
This handout is only valid for October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY
Erythromycin
PEP for diphtheria QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Benzathine Pen G
Gold standard for diagnosis of
Severe malnutrition Direct cholangiography
biliary atresia
High grade fever
Profuse diarrhea Triangular cord sign Biliary atresia
Contraindications to Golden period for Kasai
Abdominal pain 60 days
deworming procedure in biliary atresia
Serious illness
Hypersensitivity to anti- Definitive management for
Liver transplant
helminthic drug biliary atresia
Most common cause of viral
Rotavirus
gastroenteritis in infants
IMCI Diarrhea is defined as onset of
QUESTIONS ANSWERS Infants: >10ml/kg/day
excessively loose stools of
Older children: >200g/24
Lethargy/unconsciousness _________ in infants and _______
hr
Convulsions in older children
IMCI danger signs Vomiting Chronic diarrhea lasts for >14 days
Inability to drink or Intussusception has
breastfeed Adenovirus
correlation with viral infection
<24 months: 50-100ml Shoulder sign
IMCI Plan A (amount of ORS to 2-10 years old: 100-200ml Pyloric stenosis
Double tract sign
be given after each loose stool) >10 years old: as much as Absence of ganglion cells in
wanted the bowel wall beginning in Hirschsprung disease
IMCI Plan B (amount of ORS to Weight (g) x 0.075 the internal anal sphincter
be given) Weight (kg) x 75 Most common intestinal
Give 30ml/kg for 1 hr then segment affected in Rectosigmoid
IMCI Plan C for <12 mos old
70ml/kg for 5 hrs Hirschsprung disease
Give 30ml/kg for 30 mins Gold standard for
IMCI Plan C for >12 mos old
then 70ml/kg for 2 ½ hrs Hirschsprung disease Rectal suction biopsy
diagnosis
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Omega sign
Volvulus
Coffee bean sign
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
• 2% of the population
Expected weight of 1-6 Wt (g) = age in mos x 600 +
• 2 inches long
months old BW
Expected weight of 7-11 Wt (g) = age in mos x 500 + • 2 ft from the ileocecal
Meckel Diverticulum Rules of
months old BW 2 valve
Expected weight of 1-6 years Wt (kg) = age in years x 2 + • 2 types of common
old 8 ectopic tissue (gastric
and pancreatic)
Birth weight is doubled and Doubled: 4 months
tripled at what ages Tripled: 1 year Stool softeners that should be
avoided in children with Senna or Bisacodyl
Average length gain during the
25cm functional constipation
1st year
Sharp objects
Ht (cm) = age in years x 5 + 80
Expected height formula Foreign body ingestion Button batteries
Ht (in) = age in years x 2 + 32
needing URGENT removal FBs with respiratory
Age when boys achieved ½ of
2 years old symptoms
mature height
Required for all symptomatic
Age when a child is 3 ft tall 3 years old
patients who had caustic Upper endoscopy
Birth length doubled and Doubled: 4 years old ingestion
tripled at what ages Tripled: 13 years old
Most common pancreatic
HC approximates adult head 6 years old Acute pancreatitis
disorder in children
Expected # of teeth Age in months – 6 Sentinel loop
Suspect a ______ disorder if no Cutoff sign
Thyroid disorder
teeth by 13 months Blurring of the left psoas margin Acute pancreatitis
All primary teeth should have Peripancreatic extraluminal
3 years old
erupted by gas bubbles
Social smile 2 months T or F: Ranson criteria and
Stranger anxiety 6 months APACHE score are appropriate
Object permanence 9 months F
prognostic scores for children
Separation anxiety 12 months with acute pancreatitis
Reflexes that are covered by Landau First clinical evidence of HBV
voluntary action Parachute Elevation of ALT levels
infection
First reflex to disappear Rooting (1 month) Most valuable single serologic
Last reflex to disappear Plantar (7-9 months) marker for acute HBV Anti-HBcAg
• Social communication infection
and social interaction First serologic marker to
2 core domains affected in HBsAg
• Restricted repetitive appear in HBV infections
Autism Spectrum Disorder
patterns of behavior, Antigen used in Hep B vaccine HBsAg
interests, and activities Only serologic marker positive
ADHD symptoms should be during the window period of IgM anti-HBc
12 years old
present before what age HBV infection
• Oppositional defiant Serologic markers positive in
ADHD frequently overlaps Anti-HBc
disorder patients who are immune due
with what other conditions Anti-HBs
• Conduct disorder to natural HBV infection
T or F: ASD and ADHD can be Only serologic marker positive
diagnosed together in one T in patients who are immune Anti-HBs
child due to Hep B vaccine

TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA Page 3 of 8
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at topnotchmedicalboardprep@gmail.com
This handout is only valid for the October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
 TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/
This handout is only valid for October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.

PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY QUESTIONS ANSWERS

LM: Double contour or tram- Membranoproliferative
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
track appearance GN
• Hematuria EM: Loss of foot process, Focal Segmental
Clinical manifestations in • Oliguria epithelial denudation Glomerulosclerosis
nephritic syndrome • Hypertension May be the only manifestation
• Azotemia Fever
of pyelonephritis in children
• Proteinuria Most common serious
Clinical manifestations in • Hypoalbuminemia bacterial infection in younger Acute pyelonephritis
nephrotic syndrome • Hyperlipidemia than 24 months
• Edema Irritative voiding symptoms
>5 RBCs/HPF relieved by voiding with Interstitial cystitis
Hematuria
(centrifuged) negative urine culture
Origin of grossly red urine <2 years old: clean catch
Lower urinary tract Collection of urine
with or without blood clots >2 years old: mid-stream
Origin of tea-colored urine Glomerulus • Centrifuged: WBC
Most common cause of gross >5/HPF
UTI Pyuria
hematuria in children • Uncentrifuged: WBC
Children with prior THROAT >10/uL
infection develops APSGN 1-2 weeks Gold standard for UTI
after how many weeks Urine culture
diagnosis
Children with prior SKIN Culture-proven
infection develops APSGN 3-6 weeks KUB ultrasound with post void pyelonephritis
after how many weeks study indications Febrile presumptive UTI
Children with APSGN C3 levels Recurrent UTI
6-8 weeks
normalize after Clinical manifestations that CNS involvement
Urinary protein excretion and differentiate TTP from HUS Fever
hypertension in children with 4-6 weeks • Elevated BP: ≥90th to
APSGN normalize after <95th OR 120/80mmHg
Microscopic hematuria in to <95th percentile
children with APSGN 1-2 years (whichever is lower)
normalizes after • Stage 1: ≥95th to <95th +
Evidence of prior strep Hypertension for children 1-
ASO titer (throat) 12mmHg OR 130/80-
infection required in APSGN 13 years old
Anti-DNAse B (skin) 139/89mmHg
diagnosis confirmation (whichever is lower)
Only causes of renal PSGN • Stage 2: ≥95th +12mmHg
insufficiency that can cause MPGN or ≥140/90mmHg
decreased C3 Lupus nephritis (whichever is lower)
• Acute renal failure
• Nephrotic syndrome
PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY / ONCOLOGY
• Absence of evidence of
strep infection QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Indication for renal biopsy in • Normal complement Progressive decline in Hgb
Physiologic anemia of
APSGN level during the 1st week of life that
infancy
• Hematuria and persists for 6-8 weeks
proteinuria Minimal Hgb levels in
• Low C3 that persists physiologic anemia of 7-9g/dL
more than 2 months prematurity
Presents similarly like PSGN Thalassemia
but the throat infection Anemia of chronic disease
IgA nephropathy Microcytic anemia causes Iron deficiency
coincides with the appearance
of renal symptoms Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia
• Thrombocytopenia
Anemia of chronic disease
Triad of Hemolytic Uremic • Microangiopathic
Uremia
Syndrome hemolytic anemia Normocytic anemia causes
Hypothyroidism
• Acute Kidney Injury
Aplastic anemia
• Palpable purpura Folate deficiency
• Arthritis Vitamin B12 deficiency
HSP tetrad Macrocytic anemia causes
• Abdominal pain Drug and alcohol induced
• Glomerulonephritis anemia
Pathognomonic for Alport 12-24hrs: subjective
Anterior lenticonus
Syndrome improvements
Nephrotic range proteinuria 26-28hrs: initial bone
(24hr urine protein >40mg/m2/hr marrow response
determination) Response to iron therapy in
28-72hrs: reticulocytosis
Nephrotic range proteinuria IDA
>2 4-30 days: increasing Hgb
(urine protein:creatinine) level
T or F: Renal biopsy is the 1-3 mos: repletion of iron
required for diagnosis of F stores
Minimal Change Disease First lab value to decline in
Most frequent type of infection Spontaneous bacterial Serum ferritin
IDA
in nephrotic syndrome peritonitis Definitive diagnosis of
EM: Sub-epithelial deposits of Hb electrophoresis
Membranous Thalassemia
electron-dense material Hereditary spherocytosis
glomerulonephritis Osmotic fragility test
“Spike and Dome” appearance confirmatory test
EM: Diffuse effacement of Suggested by an increased
Minimal Change Disease Hereditary spherocytosis
epithelial foot process MCHC
TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA Page 4 of 8
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at topnotchmedicalboardprep@gmail.com
This handout is only valid for the October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
 TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/
This handout is only valid for October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
Curative for hereditary
Splenectomy QUESTIONS ANSWERS
spherocytosis
Only drug that may be used for
Mutation in Sickle cell disease Missense mutation Phenobarbital
benign infantile seizures
Definitive diagnosis of Sickle
Hb electrophoresis Most common type of benign Benign childhood epilepsy
cell disease
epilepsy syndrome with centrotemporal spike
PBS findings of Sickle cell Sickle cells
disease Howell-Jolly bodies • Infantile epileptic spasm
Most common hereditary • Developmental
von Willebrand disease Triad of West syndrome
bleeding disorder regression
Most common and most • EEG = hypsarrhythmia
serious congenital coagulation Hemophilia A • Developmental delay
factor deficiencies • Multiple seizure type
Most common hereditary • EEG = 1-2Hz spike and
Factor V Leiden Triad of Lennox-Gestaut
hypercoagulable disorder slow waves, polyspike
syndrome
Hallmark of hemophilia Prolonged bleeding bursts in sleep and slow
Where is the earliest joint background in
hemorrhages in children Ankles wakefulness
located? • Generalized
Most common childhood Acute lymphocytic • Less than 15 mins
malignancy leukemia • No recurrence in the 1st
Simple febrile seizure
Single most important 24 hours
Response to treatment • Absent focal signs in the
prognostic factor in ALL
• <2 years or >10 years old post-ictal period
• Male • All patients below 18
Lumbar puncture indications
• WBC >100,000 u/L on months old
Poor prognostic factors in ALL for first febrile seizure (CNSP,
presentation • With clinical signs of
2017)
• Presence of CNS leukemia meningitis
• Presence of mediastinal mass • <1 year old
At the end of induction therapy, Major risk factors for • Duration of fever <24
peripheral blast count or Minimal <0.01% recurrence of febrile seizures hours
Residual Disease must be • Fever 38-39°C
• Bone marrow Greatest risk factor for
Neurodevelopmental
Sites of relapse in ALL • CNS occurrence of subsequent
abnormalities
• Testes epilepsy after a febrile seizure
Most common malignant Most common seizure
Simple febrile seizure
extracranial/abdominal tumor Neuroblastoma disorder in childhood
in childhood First step in management of Securing airway,
2nd most common malignant status epilepticus breathing, circulation
Wilms tumor Initial emergent therapy for
abdominal tumor in childhood IV diazepam or lorazepam
Most common solid tumor in status epilepticus
Brain tumor Most commonly associated
childhood
Most common soft tissue viral infections with febrile HHV-6 and HHV-7
Rhabdomyosarcoma status epilepticus
tumor
Malignancy with highest • Hydrocephalus
Brain (PNET) Triad of imaging findings in TB
mortality • Basal enhancements
meningitis
• Wilms tumor • Infarcts
• Aniridia • Signs of increased ICP
WAGR Syndrome • Local infection at desired
• GU malformation
• Mental retardation punctured site
• Visceromegaly Absolute contraindications to • Radiological signs of
• Macroglossia lumbar puncture obstructive
hydrocephalus, cerebral
• Omphalocele
Beckwith-Wedemann edema or herniation,
• Hyperinsulinemic
syndrome presence of intracranial
hypoglycemia
lesion, or midline shift
• Wilms tumor,
Recommended treatment for
hepatoblastoma
Neisseria meningitidis invasive Cefotaxime
• Nephropathy
infections in the neonate
• Renal failure
Most frequently identified
Denys-Drash syndrome • Male Fever
symptom in meningococcemia
pseudohermaphrodism Drug of choice for
• Wilms tumor Penicillin G
meningococcemia
Malignancy that may present Empiric antibiotic for bacterial Ampicillin or Cefotaxime +
with raccoon eyes, meningitis in neonates aminoglycoside
Neuroblastoma
subcutaneous tumor nodules,
Empiric antibiotic for bacterial
“dancing eyes, dancing feet” Ceftriaxone or
meningitis in 1mos-18 years
Treatment for neuroblastoma Observation (nearly 100% chloramphenicol
old
Stage 4S survival) Brain structure involved in
Bone tumor usually found on Cerebellar tonsils
Chiari I malformation
metaphysis of long bones with Osteosarcoma
Brain structures involved in Inferior vermis
sunburst pattern on x-ray Chiari II malformation Brainstem
Bone tumor usually found on
• Analgesics:
diaphysis of long bones with
Ewing sarcoma Acetaminophen or
onion-skinning or moth-eaten Treatment of migraine in
Ibuprofen
appearance on x-ray children
• Antiemetics: parenteral
metoclopramide
TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA Page 5 of 8
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at topnotchmedicalboardprep@gmail.com
This handout is only valid for the October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
 TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/
This handout is only valid for October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS QUESTIONS ANSWERS
• Abnormal neurologic • Daytime symptoms more
signs than twice a week
• Behavioral changes, 4 things to check about asthma • Night waking
recent school failure, fall- control • Need for reliever more
off in linear growth rate than twice a week
• Headache that awakens • Activity limitation
Indications for cranial CT or
from sleep Preferred reliever for
MRI in a child with headache ICS-formoterol
• Migraine and seizure adolescents with asthma
occur in the same Most common cause of stridor
episode Laryngomalacia
in infants and children
• Focal neurologic signs • GBS
• Cluster headaches in <5 • E.coli
yrs old Etiology of pneumonia in
• L. monocytogenes
Treatment for status neonates
IV prochlorperazine • S. pneumoniae
migrainosus • H. influenzae
• More than 2-4 episodes • RSV and other
Indications for prophylactic monthly Etiology of pneumonia in 3wk- respiratory viruses
therapy in children with • Unable to attend school 3mos old • S. pneumoniae
migraine regularly • H. influenzae
• PedMIDAS >20 • RSV and other
• Propranolol for >7 years respiratory viruses
Prophylactic treatment for Etiology of pneumonia in
old • S. pneumoniae
migraine 4mos-4yrs old
• Flunarizine • H. influenzae
Candle-dripping appearance • M. pneumoniae
Tuberous sclerosis
on neuroimaging • M. pneumonia
• Café au lait macules • S. pneumoniae
• Axillary or inguinal • C. pneumonia
freckling Etiology of pneumonia in 5
• H. influenzae
NF-1 • Lisch nodules years old and older
• Influenza
• Neurofibromas • Adenovirus
• Osseous lesion • L. pneumophila
• Optic glioma Differentiates PCAP-B from • Malnutrition
• Acoustic neuroma PCAP-A • Comorbid conditions
• Parent, sibling, or child
• Cyanosis
with NF-2 and either Respiratory signs present in
• Grunting
NF-2 acoustic neuroma or any PCAP-D but not in PCAP-C
• Apnea
2 of the ff: neurofibroma,
Most common cause of
meningioma, glioma,
pneumonia in children Viruses
schwannoma
worldwide
Ash leaf lesions, shagreen
Tuberous sclerosis Stage where a child with
patch Catarrhal
pertussis is most infectious
Ascending symmetric
Pattern of weakness in GBS Drug of choice for pertussis Macrolide
paralysis
Acute ophthalmoplegia Staccato cough Chlamydia
Miller-Fisher syndrome Ataxia Brassy cough Staphylococcus
Areflexia Barking “seal” Parainfluenza
Albuminocytologic Whooping cough Bordetella
CSF analysis in GBS TST (+) cut-off in the
dissociation 10mm
Most common malignant brain Philippines
Medulloblastoma • History of close contact
tumor in children
Most common location of with known or suspected
Infratentorial TB case
brain tumors in children
Most common cause of arterial • Clinical findings
Arteriopathy TST (+) if ≥5mm in children
ischemic stroke in children suggestive of TB
with
Most common artery involved • CXR findings suggestive
Middle cerebral artery of TB
in pediatric stroke
Diagnostic of choice in • Immunocompromised
Contrast CT venography or condition
cerebral sinovenous
MR venography T or F: TST is preferred over
thrombosis T
IGRA in children <5 years old
Asymmetric tonsillar bulge
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY with a displaced uvula
Peritonsillar abscess
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Most common etiology of LTB Parainfluenza
Steeple sign Laryngotracheobronchitis
PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY
Thumbprint/leaf sign Acute epiglottitis QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Ragged air column Bacterial tracheitis Minimum duration of fever in
5 days
Most common etiology of Kawasaki disease
acute epiglottitis especially if H. influenza type B Most characteristic finding in Aneurysm of major
unvaccinated Kawasaki disease coronary arteries
• S. pneumoniae Phase in Kawasaki at highest
Subacute
Most common organisms • Non-typable H. risk of sudden death
associated with sinusitis influenzae Treatment of Kawasaki
IVIG + high dose aspirin
• M. catarrhalis disease in acute stage
Treatment of Kawasaki
Most common etiology of Low dose aspirin
RSV disease in convalescent stage
bronchiolitis
TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA Page 6 of 8
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at topnotchmedicalboardprep@gmail.com
This handout is only valid for the October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
 TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/
This handout is only valid for October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Treatment for IVIG resistant Egg-shaped heart TOGA
Another dose of IVIG
Kawasaki disease T or F: A VSD is always present
T
Only pediatric conditions in truncus arteriosus
• Kawasaki disease
where use of aspirin is Snowman sign
• Acute rheumatic fever TAPVR
considered Figure of 8
Differential diagnosis for Location of lesion in Descending aorta (distal
migratory pain with • Acute rheumatic fever coarctation of the aorta in to the origin of the L
periarticular swelling in • Acute leukemia children subclavian artery)
children Rib notching
Most commonly affected organ Inverted E COA
Heart
in MIS-C 3 sign
Most common pediatric Heart defect most commonly
Juvenile dermatomyositis
inflammatory myopathy associated with congenital PDA
Arthritis affecting 1-4 joints rubella
during the 1st 6 months of Oligoarthritis Heart defect most commonly
TGA
disease associated with maternal DM
Arthritis affecting 5 or more Heart defect most commonly
joints during the 1st 6 months Polyarthritis associated with maternal Complete heart block
of disease lupus
JRA type most at risk for Heart defect most commonly
Oligoarthritis
uveitis associated with maternal PPHN
JRA marker that indicates risk intake of aspirin
ANA
for uveitis Heart defect most commonly
VSD
Antibody specific for the associated with maternal
Anti-Smith PS
diagnosis of SLE intake of alcohol
Specific for SLE and correlates Heart defect most commonly
Anti-dsDNA
with disease activity associated with maternal Ebstein anomaly
intake of lithium
PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY Tachycardia in rheumatic
fever is significant when noted Sleeping
QUESTIONS ANSWERS during
Murmur grade associated with Most common manifestation
4 Arthritis
thrill of RF
Murmur that is always Most consistent feature of ARF Valvulitis
Diastolic murmurs
pathologic Only feature of RF that can
• VSD Carditis
cause permanent damage
• ASD Test that should be performed
Acyanotic heart disease • PDA Echocardiography with
in all patients with confirmed
• COA doppler
or suspected ARF
• ECD Duration of antibiotic
• Pulmonary atresia 5 years or until 21 years
prophylaxis for RF without
old whichever is longer
• Pulmonary stenosis carditis
• TOF Duration of antibiotic
• Tricuspid atresia prophylaxis for RF with 10 years or until 21 years
Cyanotic heart disease
• Ebstein anomaly carditis but without residual old whichever is longer
• TOGA heart disease
• TAPVR Duration of antibiotic
• Truncus arteriosus prophylaxis for RF with 10 years or until 40 years
Systolic ejection murmur at carditis and with residual old whichever is longer
ASD heart disease
2nd LICS with widely split S2
Systolic regurgitant murmur Most likely cause of IE in
at LLSB with loud and single VSD patients with underlying heart viridans Streptococci
S2 disease
Continuous “machinery-like Most likely cause of IE in
murmur at the 2nd L PDA patients after dental viridans Streptococci
infraclavicular area procedure
Heart defect most commonly Most likely cause of IE in
Endocardial cushion patients after GUT or lower Group D Streptococcus
associated with Down
defect bowel manipulation
syndrome
Bedside test to differentiate Most likely cause of IE in
pulmonary from patients after open heart Fungal
Hyperoxia test procedure
cardiovascular cause of
cyanosis Most likely cause of IE in IV Staphylococcus
Most common cyanotic heart drug abusers Pseudomonas
TOF Most likely cause of IE in
defect BEYOND infancy
Most common cause of patients with CVP or Coagulase-negative Staph
cyanotic congenital heart TOGA prosthetic valves
disease in NEWBORNS Recommended treatment
4-6 weeks
Boot-shaped heart TOF duration for IE
• Knee-chest position
• Morphine sulfate PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• NaHCO3 IV QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Management of hypoxic spells
• Oxygen Most common cause of viral
in TOF
• Phenylephrine conjunctivitis and Adenovirus
• Propranolol pharyngoconjunctival fever
• Ketamine
TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA Page 7 of 8
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at topnotchmedicalboardprep@gmail.com
This handout is only valid for the October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
 TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or https://www.facebook.com/topnotchmedicalboardprep/
This handout is only valid for October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS QUESTIONS ANSWERS
• S. pneumoniae (mc) Presents with cicatricial skin
Most common etiology of
• H. influenzae type b scaring, limb hypoplasia,
acute otitis media in children Congenital Varicella
• M. catarrhalis neurologic, renal, and ANS
Eradicates nasopharyngeal abnormalities
Erythromycin • Sore throat or exudative
carriage in diphtheria
• Conjunctivitis pharyngitis
Infectious mononucleosis triad
Reiter’s syndrome triad • Urethritis • Cervical lymphadenopathy
• Arthritis • Splenomegaly
Common etiology of Most common cause of
Salmonella choleraesuis or Toxic cardiomyopathy
osteomyelitis in patients with mortality in diphtheria
enterica Toxic cardiomyopathy
sickle cell disease Complications of diphtheria
Koplik spots Measles Toxic neuropathy
Forchheimer spots Rubella Usual cause of death in Bronchopneumonia or
Nagayama spots Roseola neonatal tetanus pulmonary hemorrhage
Pathognomonic pathologic Warthin-Finkeldey giant Most common presenting
Trismus
finding for measles cells symptom of generalized tetanus
Most common complication in Most common type of polio Inapparent
Acute otitis media Most common complication of Otitis media
measles
Most common cause of influenza infection Pneumonia
Pneumonia Pathognomonic clinical
morbidity in measles Herman’s rash
Period of communicability of 4 days before and 4 days feature of dengue
measles after onset of rash
Period of communicability of 7 days before and 7 days PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY
rubella after rash
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1-2 days before rash, 7
Period of communicability of Girls: 8 years
days after rash and all Precocious puberty age
varicella Boys: 9 years
lesions have crusted
Girls: 9 years
Period of communicability of Before onset of rash until Delayed puberty age
Boys: 14 years
erythema infectiosum after onset of rash
Average age of thelarche 10-11 years old
1-2 days before onset of
12.5 years old (2-2.5 years
Period of communicability of parotid swelling until 5 Average age of menarche
after thelarche)
mumps days after the onset of
Average age of gonadarche 11-12 years old
swelling
Most frequent complication of • Girls = [(father’s ht – 13)
Meningoencephalitis + mother’s ht] / 2
mumps Mid-parental height formula
• Boys = [father’s ht +
T or F: Infertility is a common
(mother’s ht + 13)] / 2
complication in patients with F
mumps Most common cause of thyroid
disease in children and Thyroiditis
• Abdominal
adolescents
pain/tenderness
Most common endocrine-
• Persistent vomiting
metabolic disorder of Diabetes mellitus
• Clinical fluid
childhood and adolescence
accumulation
Less than 4 days/week or
• Mucosal bleeding Intermittent allergic rhinitis
Dengue warning signs less than a month/year
• Lethargy, restlessness
More than 4 days/week or
• Liver enlargement >2cms Persistent allergic rhinitis
more than a month/year
• Decreased or no urine
within 6 hrs
• Increase in Hct with ALLERGOLOGY / IMMUNOLOGY
decrease in platelet QUESTIONS ANSWERS
• Severe plasma leakage Chromosomal abnormality in
22q11.2 deletion
• Severe bleeding DiGeorge syndrome
Severe dengue
• Severe organ Suspect what primary
involvement immunodeficiency in an infant
• Within the first 2 days of with prolonged bleeding from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Timing of viral diagnostic circumcision site or with
life
testing in infants born to HIV- bloody diarrhea
• At 1-2 months old
infected mothers Suspect what primary immuno-
• At 4-6 months old Leukocyte adhesion
Timing of CD4+ and CD8+ • 1 and 3 months old deficiency in an infant with delayed
deficiency
testing in infants born to HIV- • Repeated q3 months umbilical cord separation
infected mothers starting at 6 months of age Primary immunodeficiency
Best single prognostic with recurrent pyogenic Chronic granulomatous
Plasma viral load infections with catalase- disease
indicator in children with HIV
Most important consequence Congenital Rubella positive organisms
of rubella Syndrome • Neonate: 60mmHg
Single most common finding in • Infants: 70mmHg
Nerve deafness • 1-9 years old: (age x 2) +
congenital rubella syndrome Minimal SBP per age
Most consistent finding associated 70mmHg
Fever • 10 years old and older:
primary HHV-6B infection
Most common complication of roseola Convulsions 90mmHg
Different stages of lesions Varicella
Most frequent complication of
Post-herpetic neuralgia
zoster infection END OF PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS
Sandpaper/goose pimple-like rash
Scarlet fever
Pastia’s lines

TOPNOTCH MEDICAL BOARD PREP PEDIATRICS FLASHCARDS HANDOUT BY DR. MARY JOELINE ARADA Page 8 of 8
For inquiries visit www.topnotchboardprep.com.ph or email us at topnotchmedicalboardprep@gmail.com
This handout is only valid for the October 2022 PLE batch. This will be rendered obsolete for the next batch since we update our handouts regularly.