Steel Structures

CVEN3303
Lecture-13: Beam-columns Part-2

Hamid Valipour
Beam-column step by step verification procedure (1)
Step 1: Determine design actions
 Section 4, AS1170[1].0
(Load Combinations)

Step 2: Analyse the Frame and determine

the most critical case (in this subject  Clause 4.4, AS4100
elastic method is used)

Step 3: assemble the required data for l =actual length between full, partial &
design, including lateral restraints (Clause 5.4.2.4 &
— Design action effects N *, M x* & M *y 5.4.3.1, AS4100)
l x (ly)=actual length between restraints
— Member data l , lx & l y . 
for column buckling about x-x(y-y)
I x ( I y ), Z ex ( Z ey ) , rx (ry )
— Section data  From OneSteel Catalogue
An , k f , J , I w
Step 4: Determine effective length  Either Clause 4.6.3.2, AS4100
factors kex (key ) & effective or Clause 4.6.3.3,AS4100
member length, lex (ley ) .  and Clause 6.3.2
Beam-column step by step verification procedure (2)
Step 5: Amplify the bending moment M x* ( M *y )  Clause 4.4.2.2 & 4.4.2.3,
if required (i.e. If analysis in the AS4100
previous step is of first order)

Step 6: Calculate slenderness reduction

 Clause 6.3.3, AS4100
factor c for column under axial force

Step 7: Calculate axial compression capacity

— Nominal section capacity N s  k f . An . f y  Clause 6.2.1, AS4100

— Nominal member capacity Nc  c N s  Clause 6.3.3, AS4100

N *   Ns
Check whether
N *   Nc

Step 8: Nominal section bending moment  Clause 5.2, AS4100

capacity M sx ( M sy )  Z ex ( Z ey ) f y
Beam-column step by step verification procedure (3)
Step 9: Check whether the member has full  Clause 5.3.2.3 & 5.3.2.4,
lateral restraint AS4100
— If yes  M bx  M sx & go to Step 12
— If No  go to Step 10
Mb  m s Ms  Ms
Step 10: Determine effective member length
.le for bending ( l e  kt kl k r l ) and  Clause 5.6.3, AS4100
obtain reference bucking moment, Mo  Clause 5.6.1.1 & 5.6.1.2,
AS4100
Step 11: moment modification factor (m)
 Clause 5.6.1.1, AS4100
& slenderness reduction factor (s)
are calculated.

Step 12: Calculate nominal member bending  Clause 5.3 & 5.6, AS4100
moment capacity, Mbx  m s Msx ,
M x*   M bx
and check whether
M *y   M sy
Beam-column step by step verification procedure (3)
Step 13: Calculate the reduced section bending
moment capacity M rx ( M ry ) , due to
combined action, for bending about the
— Major principal x-x axis  Clause 8.3.2, AS4100
— Minor principal y-y axis  Clause 8.3.3, AS4100
M x*   M rx
check whether
M *y   M ry

Step 14: Calculate the In-plane bending moment

capacity Mi of the member and check  Clause 8.4.2.2 or 8.4.2.3,
M *  Mi AS4100

Step 15: Calculate the out-of-plane bending

moment capacity M ox of the member  Clause 8.4.4.1 or 8.4.4.2,
and check M x*   M ox AS4100
Example - 16
For the 2-storey frame shown in the Figure, P P
310UB40
check the in-plane and out-of-plane
interaction capacity of the right column on the
ground floor. In-plane bending of the
members is about the major (strong) axis for P P
all beams and columns. 310UB40

The frame is restrained against out-of-plane

deflection at the joints only by pinned lateral
supports (key =1.0). The bases of the columns
F Steel Grade, 300PLUS F
are pinned about both axes at ground level.
10.0 m
For a particular design load set, a first order
20 kN 100 kN.m
linear elastic analysis has given a maximum
in-plane moment of 100 kN.m at the first floor
level with an axial compression of 125 kN at
the base in the right hand column whereas
there is an axial compression of 80 kN at the
base in the left hand column. S.F.D B.M.D
Example -16 (continue)
Step 1: Determine design actions (Load Combinations)

Step 2: First order elastic analysis, sway member under moment & compression
 moment amplification is required (Clause 4.4.2.1, AS4100)

Step 3: assemble the required data for design, including

— Design action effects
M x*  M m
*  100 kN.m V *  100 / 5  20 kN N *  125 kN

— Member data
l  5000 mm l y  5000 mm l x  5000 mm

— Section data
I x  52.8 10 6 mm 4 I y  17.7  10 6 mm 4 rx  89.1 mm
Z ex  570  10 3 mm 3 Z ey  260 10 3 mm 3 r y  51.5 mm
200 UC52.2
J  32510 3 mm 4 I w  166  10 9 mm 6 An  A g  6660 mm 2
f y  300 MPa k f  1.0
Example -16 (continue)
I x  17.6  10 6 mm 4 I y  5.62 10 6 mm 4 rx  67.5 mm
Z ex  25010 3 mm 3 Z ey  11010 3 mm 3 ry  38.1 mm
150 UC30.0
J  10910 3 mm 4 I w  30.8 10 9 mm 6 An  Ag  3860 mm 2
f y  320 MPa k f  1.0

Step 4: Determine effective length factors kex (key ) & effective member length,
.lex (ley ) .

T 
52.8 10 6 / 5000   17.6 10 6 / 5000 
 1.63
1.0  86.4 10 / 10000 
6
 Clause 4.6.3.4, AS4100

 B  10

As a braced member Figure 4.6.3.3(a)  k ex  0.90 & l ex  k ex l x  4500 mm

As a sway member Figure 4.6.3.3(b)  k ex  2.10 & l ex  k ex l x  10500 mm

k ey  1.0 & l ey  k ey l y  5000 mm

Example -16 (continue)
Step 5: Amplify the bending moment M x* ( M *y ) if required (i.e. If analysis in the
previous step is of first order)
 2  ( 2 10 5 )  52.8 10 6
N ombx   2E I / k ex l x  
2
 5146 kN  Clause 4.4.2.2
( 4500 ) 2
 2  ( 2  10 5 )  52.8  10 6
N omsx   2E I / k ex l x  
2
 945 kN  Clause 4.4.2.3
(10500 ) 2
m  0  c m  0.6  0.4  m  0.6  1.0 OK
cm 0 .6
b    0.61  1.0   b  1.0  Clause 4.4.2.2
 N*  125
1    1
 N omb  5146

  N oms / l  945 / 5000  945 / 5000

 ms    9.22  Clause 4.7.2.2
  N / l  125 / 5000  80 / 5000
*

1 1
s    1.12  Clause 4.4.2.3
1  1 / ms  1  1 / 9.22 
Example -16 (continue)
 m  The greater between ( b ,  s )  max (1.0,1.12 )  1.12  Clause 4.4.2.3,
AS4100
M * m Mm
*  1.12  100  112 kN.m

Step 6: Calculate slenderness reduction factor c for column under axial force
b  0  Table 6.3.3, AS4100

n  ( le / r ) k f f y / 250  Clause 6.3.3, AS4100

nx  10500 / 89.1 1.0 300 / 250  129.1 &  b  0   cx  0.376

ny  5000 / 51.5  1.0 300 / 250  106.3 &  b  0   cy  0.5

Step 7: Calculate axial compression capacity

— Nominal section capacity N s  k f . An . f y  1.0  6660  300  1998 kN
N cx   cx N s  0.376  1998  751 kN
— Nominal member capacity
N cy   cy N s  0.5  1998  999 kN
Example -16 (continue)
N c  min ( N cx , N cy )  min ( 751 , 999 )  751 kN

N *   N c  0.9  751  676 kN OK

Step 8: Nominal section bending moment capacity, M sx ( M sy )  Z ex ( Z ey ) f y

M sx  Z ex f y  570 10 3  300  171 kN.m  Clause 5.2, AS4100

Step 9: Check whether the member has full lateral restraint (Clause 5.3.2.3 &
5.3.2.4, AS4100)

The segment is of equal flanged I-section + no transverse load;

l 5000 250 250

  97.1 80  50 m   80  80  0   73.0
ry 51.5 fy 300

l 250
 80  50 m   No full lateral restraint
ry fy
Example -16 (continue)
Step 10: Determine effective member length le for bending ( l e  kt kl k r l ) and
obtain reference bucking moment, Mo
End restraint is FP Table 5.6.3(1/A)  k t  1

d1 / l  t f /( 2 t w ) 3 
nw

kt  1
181 / 5000 12.5 / 16.0 3
 1.02
1
Load at segment end & end
Table 5.6.3(2/B)  k l  1.0
restraint is FP
End restraint is FP & no
Table 5.6.3(3/C)  k r  1 .0
lateral rotational restraint
l e  k t k l k r l  1.02  1.0  1.0  5000  5100 mm

I y  17.7  10 6 mm 4 I w  166  10 9 mm 6 J  32510 3 mm 4

  2E I y    2E Iw 
Mo    G J    228 kN.m  5.6.1.1 (3), AS4100
 l2  2
le
 e   
Example -16 (continue)
Step 11: moment modification factor (m) & slenderness reduction factor (s)
are calculated.
*
1.7Mm
Optiona-1: m   1.81  2.5  Clause 5.6.1.1, AS4100
     
2
M2* 
2
M3*  M4*
2

Optiona-2: m  0  Table 5.6.1, AS4100

 m  1.75  1.05  m  0.3  m2  1.75

 5.6.1.1 (2), AS4100

  M 2   M     171  2   171  
 
 s  0.6   s   3   s   0.6     3      0.682
   M oa    M oa      228    228  
     
Example -16 (continue)
Step 12: Calculate nominal member bending moment capacity,
Mbx  m s Msx  Clause 5.3 & 5.6, AS4100

M bx  1.75 0.682 171  204  M sx  171  M bx  M sx  171 kN.m

M *   M bx  0.9 171  154 kN.m OK

Step 13: Calculate the reduced section bending moment capacity M rx , due to
combined action, for bending about the major principal x-x axis
 N* 
M rx  M sx  1    Clause 8.3.2, AS4100
  Ns 
 125 
M rx  171  1    159 kN.m
 0.9  1998 

M *   M rx  0.9 159  143 kN.m OK

Example -16 (continue)
Step 14: Calculate the In-plane bending moment capacity Mi of the member and
check M *   M ix .
 N* 
M i  M s  1    Clause 8.4.2.2, AS4100
  Nc 
Important note: for calculating Nc (only in-plane bending is under consideration)
in this part the effective length factor, ke , is taken as 1.0 for both braced and sway
members.

nx  5000 / 89.1 1.0 300 / 250  61.5 & b  0   cx  0.8

N cx   cx N s  0.8  1998  1598 kN

 125 
M ix  171  1    156 kN.m
 0.9 1598 

M *   M ix  0.9 156  140 kN.m OK

Example -16 (continue)
Step 15: Calculate the out-of-plane bending moment capacity M ox of the
member and check M x*   M ox .
 N* 
M ox 
 M bx 1    Clause 8.4.4.1, AS4100
  N cy 
 
Important note: in this part Ncy is the nominal axial compression capacity for
buckling about the minor principal axis.

ny  5000 / 51.5  1.0 300 / 250  106.3 &  b  0   cy  0.5

N cy   cy N s  0.5  1998  999 kN

 125 
M ox  171  1    147 kN.m
 0.9  999 

M *   M ox  0.9 147  132 kN.m OK