UPDATES ON HIV AND HIV TESTING WHO RECOMMENDATION FOR THE CONDUCT OF THE

Jason Victor V. Asis, RMT HIV ANTIBODY SCREENING: JULY 2015

1. Screening should be performed using a highly
sensitive and specific Anti-HIV-1 + Anti-HIV-2
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
Immunoassay or HIV Combination Ag/Ab
- results to AIDS
Immunoassay (EIA/CLIA)
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
2. Screening using a highly sensitive and specific
- result after contracting HIV
Anti-HIV-1 + Anti-HIV-2 rapid assay maybe used
to scale up HIV testing services
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
o Community based screening (CBS)
 unprotected with penetration sex
 sharing of contaminated needle
CONFIRMATORY
 transfusion of unscreened blood or its by
1. Western Blot Method
products (FFP, platelet concentrate)
o the former confirmatory testing done
 during pregnancy (provided the mother is
for a REACTIVE screening test
positive)
o test for the presence of specific proteins
WAYS TO PREVENT HIV TRANSMISSION for HIV
2. RHIVDA
 abstinence
o the new approach for the confirmatory
 be mutually faithful
testing for HIV
 correct and consistent condom use/know your
o test either the virus or the antibody
status
present
 do not use illegal drugs
HIV CONFIRMATORY TEST: Western Blot Method
 be educated and apply

IMPORTANT MARKERS
SOURCES
 Gp 160/120
 semen/vaginal discharges
 Gp 41
 blood and its by products
 P24 – most common
 breastmilk (infected mother)

CRITERIA FOR A (+) HIV ANTIBODY TEST

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 2/3 markers present
 on and off fever
 3/3 markers present
 productive on and off cough
 1/3 = indeterminate (re-test after 3 months)
 skin rashes (Kaposi sarcoma – no body rashes,
just extremeties)
RAPID HIV DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM (RHIVDA): THE
 diarrheic stool
FUTURE OF HIV TESTING IN THE PHILIPPINES
 weight loss
 diagnostic procedure which uses a combination
of 2 or 3 rapid test formats done in parallel or
DOH AO 2017-2019 GUIDELINES
sequence on a sample that had a reactive result
1. Pre-HIV Test Counseling
on the initial test
2. Signing of HIV Consent
3. Conduct of HIV Testing
IMPLICATIONS
4. Post Test Counseling
 Remove confirmatory testing
5. Connection to Care
 Same day referral to HIV treatment hubs
6. Re-testing (3 months after testing; inconclusive
results)  Early initiation of ARV treatment
 Fewer lost to follow-up cases
HIV LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES
 RA 8504 – former HIV law of the Philippines
 RA 11166 – amends the previous law for HIV
o Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of
2018
o stigma and discrimination
THE NEW HIV LAW
Better Access
- minors aged 15 and above can now undergo
HIV testing without requiring parental consent
Better Education
- improved partnership with schools to be active
partners as sources of HIV information
Better Care
- provision of more detailed prevention and
treatment along with increased funding
Better Partnership
- more local government unit intiatives with the
Philippine National Aids Council and
community-based organization
HIV TESTING, SCREENING AND COUNSELING
 compulsory HIV testing is STRICTLY PROHIBITED
 HIV testing should be voluntary and with
consent
 Health Professionals, Medical Instructor,
Worker, etc. Breaches Confidentiality
o Imprisonment: 5 years, 1 day – 7 years
o Fine: not less than Php 350, 000; not
more than Php 500, 000
 Defamation and Damages
o Use of obtained confidential
information on HIV/AIDS to malign or
cause damage, Injury, or loss to another
person – face liability under the articles
of the new Civil Code of the Philippines
and relevant provisions of RA 10174
(The Data Privacy Act)
o Corresponding imprisonment, fines,
revocation or cancellation of permits
and licenses apply, including
deportation for aliens and
disqualification from office for public
officials
 Client, Parent/Guardian (if minor) and Summon
from the Court – can be released with the results
 STD AIDS Central Cooperative Laboratory –
reference laboratory for AIDS

PENALTIES
 Misleading Information
o Imprisonment: 1 year, not more than 10
years
o Fine: not less than Php 50, 000; not
more than Php 500, 000
 Manufacturer giving Misleading Information
o Imprisonment: 5 years, not more than
10 years
o Fine: not less than Php 500, 000; not
more than Php 5, 000, 000
 Breach of Confidentiality (any person)
o Imprisonment: 6 months – 2 years
o Fine: not less than Php 50, 000; not
more than Php 150, 000
 Mass Dissemination of HIV Status
o Imprisonment: 2 years, 1 day – 5 years
o Fine: not less than Php 150, 000; not
more than Php 350, 000