MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

I. Mệnh đề quan hệ là gì

Mệnh đề (Clause) là một phần của câu, nó có thể bao gồm nhiều từ hay có cấu trúc của cả một câu. Mệnh đề
quan hệ (Relative Clause) dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó.

The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend.

Trong ví dụ trên phần được viết chữ nghiêng là mệnh đề quan hệ, nó đứng sau “the woman” và dùng để xác
định danh từ đó. Nếu bỏ mệnh đề này ra chúng ta vẫn có một câu hoàn chỉnh: The woman is my girlfriend.

The girl is Nam's girlfriend. She is sitting next to me.

=>The girl who is sitting next to me is Nam's girlfriend.

Mệnh đề quan hệ thường được nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns): who, whom,
which, whose, that, v.v.

II. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định & không xác định

MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ XÁC ĐỊNH MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ KHÔNG XÁC ĐỊNH

Không có dấu phẩy Nằm giữa các dấu phẩy
THÔNG TIN CẦN THIẾT. Cần thiết để THÔNG TIN BỔ SUNG. Không cần thiết để
phân biệt sự vật hoặc người mà chúng ta phân biệt sự vật hoặc người mà chúng ta đang
đang nói đến. nói đến.

I called my brother who lives in Vietnam. My brother, who lives in Vietnam, is older.
(Tôi có hơn một người anh trai và tôi đã gọi (Tôi có một người anh trai duy nhất và tôi chỉ muốn
cho người anh trai sống ở Việt Nam.) nói them là anh ấy sống ở Việt Nam.)

Chúng ta có thể dùng THAT Chúng ta không thể dùng THAT

Chúng ta có thể dùng THAT thay cho Chúng ta không thể dùng THAT thay cho
WHO/WHICH. WHO/WHICH.

That’s the mug which/that I bought in These bikes, which cost a fortune, are made in
Vietnam. Japan.
(Sai: These bikes, that cost a fortune, are made in
I didn’t know the man who/that was there. Japan.)

Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ Không thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ

Chúng ta có thể lược bỏ Chúng ta không thể lược bỏ WHO/WHICH.
WHO/WHICH/THAT khi chúng được theo
sau bởi CHỦ NGỮ + ĐỘNG TỪ.

Do you like the song (which/that) I wrote? They introduced me to Mary, who I like
immediately.
That’s the girl (who/that) I like. (Sai: They introduced me to Mary, I like
immediately.)

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III. Đại từ quan hệ & Trạng từ quan hệ

WHERE = on/in/at which WHEN = on/in/at which WHY = for which

IV. Lưu ý cần nhớ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng
với WHOM và WHICH.)

Ví dụ:
Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.

➨ Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.

➨ Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.

2. Có thể dùng WHICH thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.

Ví dụ:
She can’t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad.
→ She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.

3. Ở vị trí túc từ, WHOM có thể được thay bằng WHO.

Ví dụ:
I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.

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4. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ: WHOM, WHICH.

Ví dụ: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend. The book you lent me was very interesting.

5. Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some OF, BOTH OF, ALL OF, NEITHER OF, MANY OF, NONE OF … có
thể được dùng trước WHOM, WHICH và WHOSE.

Ví dụ 1:
I have two sisters, both of whom are students. She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her.

Ví dụ 2:
Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers. ---> Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.

Ví dụ 3:
He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them. ---> He asked me a lot of questions, most of
which I couldn’t answer.

6. KHÔNG dùng THAT, WHO sau giới từ.

Ví dụ:
The house in that I was born is for sale.

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THỰC HÀNH

1. She worked for a man who used to be an athlete.

2. Dublin, which is the capital of Ireland, is my favorite city.
3. They called a lawyer who lived nearby.
4. I sent an email to my brother who lives in Australia.
5. Amelia, whose mother is from Shanghai, speaks English and Chinese fluently.
6. The customer liked the waitress who was very friendly.
7. We broke the computer which belonged to my father.
8. This smartphone, which I bought last week, takes great photos.
9. Buckingham Palace, where the Queen of England lives, is in the center of London.
10. I dropped a glass which was new.
11. Ferraris, which are made in Italy, are very expensive.
12. She loves books which have happy endings.
13. Russell Crowe, who starred in Gladiator, was born in New Zealand.
14. They live in a city which is in the north of England.
15. The man who is wearing a blue jumper is in the garden.
16. Emily, whose brother is a singer, is in my English class.
17. The girl who is from India works in a bank.
18. My sister who lives in Australia has three children.
19. Mr. Kemp, who teaches physics, is going to retire next year.
20. The waiter who was wearing a blue shirt was rude.
21. The money which belongs to John is in the kitchen.
22. The table which was my grandmother’s got broken.
23. The television which was bought 20 years ago was stolen.
24. The fruit which isn’t fresh is on the table.
25. The company’s US offices are in Seattle, which is near the border with Canada.
26. I’ve applied for a job at the BBC, where my mum used to work.
27. At the job interview, she met Jack White, whose father started the company.
28. The company has three hundred employees, who work in three different offices.
29. We ate the fruit that I bought.
30. She bought the computer which her brother had recommended.
31. He lost the money that I had given him.
32. We called the taxi company which Julie often uses.
33. John met a girl who I used to employ.
34. Lucy called the doctor that my mother knows.
35. He brought a woman who I used to often meet.
36. We employed the lawyer that Julie recommended.
37. The fruit which I bought is on the table.
38. The wallet that Lucy found in the garden belongs to John.
39. The food which David cooked was delicious.
40. The car that my father gave me was stolen.
41. The man who I reported to the police was arrested.
42. The doctor that Lucy asked about her problem was right.
43. The waitress who my brother dated was very pretty.
44. The secretary that the boss likes is in the office.
45. London, which is the capital of England, is one of the largest cities in the world.
46. Tom Cruise, who has starred a lot of films, is a famous American actor.
47. Greg, whose job involves travelling a lot, has been in nearly all the countries in the world.
48. Lady Gaga, who is a well-known pop star, is only 24.
49. That's the dog that bit me.
50. Queen Elizabeth II, who is 83, has been the queen of England for 57 years now.