General requirements (division 1)

Technical specifications (divisions 2-16)

16 divisions
1. General conditions
2. Site construction
3. Concrete
4. Masonry
5. Metals
6. Woods and plastics
7. Thermal moisture and protection
8. Doors and windows
9. Finishes (paint, ceiling, floor, gypsum board)
10. Specialties (fire extinguisher, toilet partitions, marker boards)
11. Equipment (loading dock equipment, garage door openers; gates)
12. Furnishings
13. Special construction (glazed structures, solarium, green house)
14. Conveying systems (elevators, escalators)
15. Mechanical
16. Electrical.
Construction jobsite management
Instructions to bidder:
include a clause that gives the owner the right to reject any or all bids, to postpone the date
of the bid opening, and exercise many privileges in the selection of the successful bidder.
Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee® (EJCDC®)
Example:
Performance Bond shall be in the form of Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee (EJCDC)
“Construction Performance Bond”, 1910-28-A.
Payment Bond shall be in the form of EJCDC “Construction Payment Bond”, 1910-28-B.
Bid Security: A bid security is a form of monetary guarantee the purchaser or client requires from a
bidder or tenderer to safeguard against the withdrawal of their bid before the end of the bid validity
period, or their refusal to sign the contract if selected.

Bid bond is a form of bid security for the owner of the project.
Equipment Cost Estimate
Assume 2% taxes; 5% insurance and storage; 9% interest -> total annual cost = 16% of average yearly
value. Based on a straight line depreciation, the average annual value (A) is:
A = [C(n+1) + S(n-1)]/2n where C = delivered cost; n = number of years of useful life; S = salvage value

A = [$105,450((10 + 1) + 0(10-1)]/2(10) =$57,997.50

Markup
On competitively bid projects, a markup or margin is added at the close estimating process; this is an
allowance for profit plus other items such as general overhead and contingency. It ranges from 5% to
20% of the job cost depending on the contractor’s evaluation of the risks and difficulties in the work.
Many contractors use different markup figures for different parts of a project. For example, markup
for electrical subcontractor, markup for electrical subcontractor and markup for general contract.
Information contained in the general conditions of the contract

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5. Details
6. Schedule such as panels, devices, special systems, and light fixtures.
7. Special system drawings, such as intercom security, TV, and data cable systems.