CONTROL QUESTION

1. List the main complaints of patients with kidney and urinary tract diseases
2. List the causes of exacerbations of kidney diseases
3. Describe patients with nephritic facies
4. How is the Pasternatsky symptom determined and in which diseases it is positive
5. What quantitative methods of studying urine sediment do you know?
6. What determines the Rehberg test and how it is conducted?
7. In what diseases does the urinary syndrome occur
8. What clinical and laboratory symptoms are included in the nephrotic syndrome)
9. What complications can give nephritic syndrome
10. List the main etiological forms of OPN
11.What characterizes the stage of oliguria in OPN

TEST TASK Select one or more correct answers

1. WHAT IS THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS
1) excretory
2) respiratory
3) regulation of metabolism
4) regulation of body temperature
5) all of the above
2. WHAT IS THE MAIN STRUCTURAL UNIT OF THE KIDNEY
1) the ureter
2) the nephron
3) a ball
4) cups, tubs
5) urethra

3. FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF LEUKOCYTURIA YOU CAN USE

1) urine analysis by Necheporenko
2) urine analysis by zimnitsky
3) General urine analysis
4) urine Hamburge

4. LEUKOCYTURIA IS THE MOST CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOM IN

1) pyelonephritis
2) glomerulonephritis
3) amyloidosis
4) nephrolithiasis
5) the polycystic

5. HIGH URINE DENSITY (1030 AND HIGHER) IS TYPICAL FOR

1) HR. jade's
2) pyelonephritis
3) diabetes mellitus
4) diabetes insipidus
5) wrinkled kidney

6. RENAL COLIC IS CHARACTERIZED BY

1) pain in the lumbar region
2) dysuric phenomena
3) Pasternatsky's positive symptom
4) irradiation of pain down the abdomen or groin area
5) painful urination

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 7. UNILATERAL PAIN IN THE LUMBAR REGION IS TYPICAL FOR
1) acute glomerulonephritis
2) acute cystitis
3) acute pyelonephritis

8. AT WHAT DISEASE IN URINE CAN BE DETERMINED BY CELLS OF STEINHEIMER-

MALBINA
1) glomerulonephritis
2) pyelonephritis
3) multiple myeloma
4) kidney amyloidosis
5) infarct of the kidney

9. PYELONEPHRITIS IS MOST OFTEN CAUSED BY

1) Streptococcus
2) Staphylococcus
3) E. coli
4) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5) mycoplasmas

10. IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PYELONEPHRITIS, THE LEADING ROLE IS PLAYED BY

1) genetic factor
2) the virulence of the pathogen
3) violation of urodynamics
4) inadequate antibacterial therapy
5) reduced immunity

11. THE MOST RELIABLE SIGN OF CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE IS

1) arterial hypertension
2) hyperkalemia
3) increasing blood creatinine levels
4) oliguria
5) anemia

12. WHAT CHANGE IN URINE MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO SUSPECT CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE
1) high specific gravity
2) massive proteinuria.
3) isoheptane
4) anuria
5) pollakiuria

13. FREQUENT URINATION, MORE THAN 6 TIMES A DAY.

1) oliguria
2) nycturia
3) pollakiuria
4) dysuria
5) anuria

14. ALLOCATION OF MORE THAN 2 LITERS OF URINE PER DAY IS CALLED

1) oliguria
2) polyuria
3) dysuria

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4) pollakiuria
5) isourea

15. WHAT SAMPLE ALLOWS YOU TO DETECT A DECREASE IN THE GLOMERULAR

FILTRATION RATE
1) Nechiporenko
2) General
3) Rehberg
4) Addis-Kakovo
5) Hamburge

16. DULL ACHING LONG TERM LOW BACK PAIN ON BOTH SIDES IN A PATIENT WITH
FACIAL EDEMA AND HYPERTENSION ARE TYPICAL FOR
1) acute glomerulonephritis
2) acute pyelonephritis (inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal tissue)
3) urolithiasis

17. PAINFUL URINATION IS

1) pollakiuria
2) stranguria
3) ischuria
4) anuria
5) polyuria

18. IN THE FORMATION OF EDEMATOUS SYNDROME IN NEPHROTIC SYNDROME,

MECHANISMS PREVAIL
1) violation of vascular permeability
2) system activation: aldosterone-ADG
3) reduction of plasma oncotic pressure
4) a sharp decrease in kidney filtration (retention edema)
5) a sharp increase in hydrostatic pressure in the venous line with the blood circulation

19. UREA, CREATININE, AND GLUCOSE ARE FILTERED IN GLOMERULUS

1) completely
2) partially
3) not filtered
4) only glucose is completely filtered
5) only creatinine is completely filtered

20. FROM THE FOLLOWING FACTORS TO TERMINATION GLOMERULAR FILTRATION LEADS

1) increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman capsule to 15 mm Hg.st.
2) increase of oncotic plasma pressure up to 40 mm Hg.st.
3) increased renal blood flow up to 600 ml / min
4) reduction of systolic blood pressure to 60 mm Hg.st.
5) none of these factors

21. FROM THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS, SELECT THE ONES THAT ARE MOST
CHARACTERISTIC OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
1) arterial hypertension
2) common swelling on the face, torso, upper and lower extremities
3) small swelling under the eyes, swelling of the eyelids, puffiness of the face.
4) hypoalbuminemia
5) microhematuria

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6) proteinuria above 3 g / l
7) proteinuria below 3 g / l
8) hyperlipidemia

22. FROM THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS, SELECT THE ONES THAT ARE MOST
CHARACTERISTIC OF NEPHRITIC SYNDROME:
1) arterial hypertension
2) edematous syndrome
3) hematuria
4) proteinuria above 3 g / l
5) proteinuria below 3 g / l
6) hyaline and granular cylinders
7) hyperlipidemia

23. WHAT IS THE MAIN ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

1) Mycoplasma
2) Klebsiella
3)  - group a hemolytic Streptococcus
4) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5) Staphylococcus

24. HEMATURIA IS CHARACTERISTIC OF THE FOLLOWING

NOSOLOGICAL FORM
1) acute nephritis
2) IDA-jade
3) kidney amyloidosis
4) tuberculosis of kidney

25. THE TRIAD OF SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS INCLUDES

1) edema
2) shortness of breath
3) hypertension
4) hematuria
5) heartbeat

26. THE MAIN SIGN OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IS

1) leukocyturia
2) proteinuria
3) hematuria
4) cylinder.
5) bacteriuria

27. URINARY SYNDROME IN CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IS CHARACTERIZED BY

1) leukocyturia
2) hematuria
3) cylindruria
4) the presence of Sternheimer-Malbin cells in the urine

28. CHARACTERISTIC SIGNS OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ARE

1) urine color of "meat slops", cylinder. swelling in the face
2) painful rapid urination
3) bacteriuria, leukocyturia, positive symptom Pasternatsky.

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29. THE CONCEPT OF URINARY SYNDROME INCLUDES
1) proteinuria, edema, cyl.
2) proteinuria, leukocyturia, hematuria
3) proteinuria, glucosuria, ketonuria

30. SIGNS THAT DISTINGUISH RENAL ECLAMPSIA FROM HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS

1) the presence of convulsive syndrome
2) no convulsive syndrome
3) severe headaches
4) vision impairment

31. IT IS NOT RELATED TO UREMIC INTOXICATION

1) itchy skin
2) tritronics
3) polyuria, polydipsia
4) nausea, vomiting
5) muscle cramps

32. KIDNEY INFARCTION IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FOLLOWING MANIFESTATIONS

1) sharp pain in the upper and lateral parts of the abdomen
2) fever
3) palpable seal in the kidney area
4) gross hematuria
5) polyuria

33. WHAT DISEASES ARE ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED URINE ACIDITY

1) diabetes mellitus
2) high acidity of gastric juice
3) kidney tuberculosis
4) gout
5) hypertension

34. ALKALINE REACTION OF URINE OCCURS WHEN

1) cystitis
2) gout
3) kidney tuberculosis
4) after vomiting
5) surge arresters

35. WHAT CYLINDERS IN A SINGLE QUANTITY CAN BE IN A NORMAL URINE ANALYSIS

1) hyaline
2) waxy
3) grainy
4) the fibrin
5) red blood cells

36. THE PATIENT WAS ADMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT DUE TO AN ATTACK OF SHARP
VERY INTENSE PAIN IN THE RIGHT LUMBAR REGION WITH IRRADIATION DOWN TO THE
GROIN AND SCROTUM. THE PAIN STARTED 1 HOUR AGO AFTER RUNNING AND WAS
STOPPED IN THE DEPARTMENT AFTER AN INJECTION OF ATROPINE. WHAT DIAGNOSIS CAN
BE ASSUMED
1) acute glomerulonephritis
2) acute pyelonephritis
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 3) urolithiasis
4) "Congestive kidney" (in right ventricular heart failure)

37. UNILATERAL PAIN IN THE LUMBAR REGION CHARACTERISTIC:

1) for acute glomerulonephritis
2) for acute cystitis
3) for acute pyelonephritis
4) for chronic glomerulonephritis

38. CELLS STEINHEIMER-MALBINA DETERMINED IN

1) glomerulonephritis
2) pyelonephritis
3) multiple myeloma
4) kidney amyloidosis
5) infarction of the kidney

39. THE PATIENT IS CONCERNED ABOUT PAIN IN THE LUMBAR REGION ON THE
RIGHT. IN THE STUDY OF GENERAL URINE ANALYSIS, UP TO 10 WHITE BLOOD CELLS WERE
FOUND IN THE FIELD OF VIEW. BACTERIOSCOPY REVEALED 3 105 105 BACTERIA IN 1 ML OF
URINE. SUCH SYMPTOMS ARE TYPICAL FOR
1) glomerulonephritis
2) urolithiasis
3) pyelonephritis
4) amyloidosis
5) CPN
40. WHAT IS THE DISEASE IN QUESTION IN A CLINICAL SITUATION: DULL ACHING LONG-
TERM LOWER BACK PAIN ON BOTH SIDES IN A PATIENT WITH FACIAL EDEMA AND
ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION.
1) chronic glomerulonephritis
2) acute pyelonephritis
3) urolithiasis
4) "stagnant kidney" (with right ventricular heart failure)

41. ALBUMINURIA IN COMBINATION WITH CYLINDRURIA AND EDEMA ARE TYPICAL FOR:
1) acute glomerulonephritis
2) pyelonephritis
3) kidney stone disease
4) cystitis
5) hypertension

42. SAMPLE ON/IN THE PAINT CONGRAT OR WITH METHYLENE BLUE ALLOWS TO CONFIRM
THE DIAGNOSIS:
1) acute glomerulonephritis;
2) chronic glomerulonephritis
3) kidney stone disease;
4) amyloidosis;
5) pyelonephritis.
43. THE MOST RELIABLE SIGN OF CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE IS:
1) arterial hypertension
2) hyperkalemia
3) increasing blood creatinine levels
4) oliguria
5) anemia

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44. IN SHOCK, THE CAUSE OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IS:
1) vegetative disorders;
2) influence of toxic substances of damaged tissues
3) drop in blood pressure
4) concomitant infection;
5) formation of antigen/antibody complexes

45.THE RECOVERY PERIOD OF DIURESIS IN ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IS CHARACTERIZED BY

1) increasing the specific weight of urine
2) polyuria
3) isostenuria
4) oliguria
5) stranguria

46. STAGES: INITIAL, OLIGOANURIC, POLYURIC, RECOVERY ARE TYPICAL FOR

1) exacerbations of chronic kidney disease
2) arterial hypertension
3) surge arresters
4) chronic renal failure

47. WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF URINARY SYMPTOMS TYPICAL OF KIDNEY STONES
1) leukocyturia
2) bacteriuria
3) the presence of unchanged red blood cells
4) the presence of leached red blood cells
5) detection of the squamous epithelium

48. PAINFUL URINATION IS CALLED

1) oliguria
2) nycturia
3) pollakiuria
4) stranguria
5) anuria

49. THE PREDOMINANCE OF NIGHT DIURESIS ABOVE DAY CALLED

1) oliguria
2) nycturia
3) pollakiuria
4) dysuria
5) anuria

50. THE NUMBER OF SHAPED ELEMENTS IN 1 ML OF URINE ALLOWS YOU TO IDENTIFY:

1) the sample of panicipating
2) test of General
3) test of Rehberg
4) sample of Addis-Kakovsky_
5) sample Hamburge