CHAPTER

14
Determinant

Exercise-1 (JEE Advanced Level-1)

MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS f ( x)

4. I f g ( x) = , where f (x) is a
( x − a )( x − b)( x − c)
1 + a1 + b1 a1 + b2 a1 + b3
polynomial of degree < 3, then
1. If a2 + b1 1 + a2 + b2 a2 + b3
1 a f (a ) log x − a 1 a a2
a3 + b1 a3 + b2 1 + a3 + b3
(a)
3
= ∫ g ( x)dx 1 b f (b) log x − b ÷ 1 b b 2 + k
=k + ∑ (ai + bi ) +
∑ ∑ (a i − a j )(b j − bi ); 1 c f (c) log x − c 1 c c2
=i 1 1 ≤ i < j ≤3

then find the value of k 1 a f (a )( x − a ) −2 a 2 a 1

dg ( x)
(b)= 1 b f (b)( x − b) −2 ÷ b 2 b 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 dx
1 c f (c)( x − c) −2 c 2 c 1
(c) 2 (d) 8
n! (n + 1)! (n + 2)! 1 a f (a )( x − a ) −2 1 a a 2
dg ( x)
2. If n ∈ N and ∆ n = (n + 1)! (n + 2)! (n + 3)! then (c) = 1 b f (b)( x − b) −2 ÷ 1 b b 2
dx
(n + 2)! (n + 3)! (n + 4)! 1 c f (c)( x − c) −2 1 c c 2

(3n3 − 5)∆ n 1 a f (a ) log x − a a 2 a 1

lim equals
n →∞ ∆ n +1 (d)
= ∫ g ( x)dx 1 b f (b) log x − b ÷ b 2 b 1 +k
1 c f (c) log x − c c2 c 1
3
(a) (b) 5
2 2 5. Let {∆ 1 , ∆ 2 , ∆ 3 , ..., ∆ k } be the set of third-order
determinant that can be made with the distinct nonzero
5 real numbers a1, a2, a3, ..., a9; then
(c) − (d) 3
2 k
2 2
x − 4 x + 6 2 x + 4 x + 10 3 x − 2 x + 16 2 (a) k = 9! (b) ∑∆
i =1
i =0
3. I f f ( x) = x−2 2x + 2 3x − 1 (c) At least one ∆i = 0 (d) None of these
1 2 3
−bc b + bc c 2 + bc
2

and {∫ 2

−2 }
x 2 [ f ( x)]dx = 2/k , when [ ] denotes the greatest
6. Let ∆
= a 2 + ac −ac
a 2 + ab b 2 + ab
c 2 + ac and the equation
−ab
integer function, { } denotes fractional part; then find the px3 + qx2 + rx + s = 0 has roots a, b, c, where a, b, c ∈ R+.
value of k. The value of ∆ is
(a) 3 (b) 1 (a) r2/p2 (b) r3/p3
(c) 2 (d) 8 (c) –s/p (d) None of these
 1 1 ( x + y) 13. If a, b, c ∈ R and a + b + c ≠ 0 and the system of equations
− ax + by + cz = 0
z z z2
( y + z) 1 1 bx + cy + az = 0
7. If D = − then, the
x2 x x cx + ay + bz = 0
y( y + z) x + 2 y + z y( x + y) has a non-zero solution, then a : b : c is given by
− −
2
x z xz xz 2 (a) 1 : α : β where α, β are roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
incorrect statement is (b) 1 : r : r2 where r is some positive real number
(a) D is independent of x (b) D is independent of y (c) 1 : k : 2k where k is some positive real number
(c) D is independent of z (d) D is dependent on x, y, z (d) None of these
(2n1 + 1) 2 (2n2 + 1) 2 (2n3 + 1) 2 14. If a, b, c are three distinct real numbers for which there
8. If=
∆ (2n4 + 1) 2 (2n5 + 1) 2 (2n6 + 1) 2 exist x, y, z such that
(2n7 + 1) 2 (2n8 + 1) 2 (2n9 + 1) 2
x+y+z=1

ni ∈ I, (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 9) then D is always divisible by
ax + by + cz = t
(a) 11 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 64 a2x + b2y + c2z = t2

x y z then a3x + b3y + c3z – t3 = P(t), polynomial in t, number
of solutions of P(t) = 0 is
9. Let x, y, z be positive integers satisfying y z x + 17 =
0.
Then |x – y| can not be equal to (a) 0 (b) 1
z x y
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(c) 3 (d) None of these
COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
10. Let An be a n × n matrix with its ith row and jth column
(−1)|i − j | i ≠ j Comprehension (Q. 15 to 17): For α, β, γ, θ ∈ R. Let
elements aij is defined as aij =  match
 2 i= j cos(α + θ) sin(α + θ) 1
values of List-I with number of their factor in List-II. Aθ (α, β,=
γ ) cos(β + θ) sin(β + θ) 1
List-I List-II cos( γ + θ) sin( γ + θ) 1

A. |A2| p. 5 15. If a = Aπ/2 (α, β, γ), b = Aπ/3 (α, β, γ). Which of the
following is true?
B. |A1| q. 4
(a) a = b (b) a < b
C. |A3| r. 3 (c) a > b (d) 2a = b
D. |A4| s. 2 16. Aθ2 + Aφ2 – 2(Aθ+φ)2 equals
(a) A-(p); B-(q); C-(r); D-(s) (a) –2AθAφ (b) Aθ + Aφ
(b) A-(r); B-(s); C-(p); D-(q) (c) Aθ – Aφ (d) None of these
(c) A-(r); B-(s); C-(q); D-(p)
17. If α, β, γ are fixed, then y = Ax (α, β, γ) represents
(d) A-(s); B-(r); C-(q); D-(p)
(a) a straight line parallel to x-axis
a1 a2 a3
(b) a straight line through the origin
11. If ∆ = a4 a5 a6 then incorrect statement is
(c) a parabola with vertex at origin
a7 a8 a9
(a) If ai ∈ {–1, 1} then Dmax = 4 (d) None of these
(b) If ai ∈ {0, 1} then Dmax = 2 Comprehension (Q. 18 to 19):
(c) If ai ∈ {–1, 0} then Dmax = –2 Let α, β, γ be the roots of the cubic x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0,
which (taken in given order) are in G.P. If α and β are such that
(d) If ai ∈ {–1, 0} then Dmax = 2
2 1 2
12. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. The following system
1+ α α β = 0, then
of equations in x, y and z.
4 − β 3 − β α +1
x2 y 2 z 2 x2 y 2 z 2 − x2 y 2 z 2
+ 2 − 2 = 1, 2 − 2 + 2 = 1, 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 has
a 2
b c a b c a b c 18. The value of a + b + c equals
(a) No solution (b) Unique solution (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) Infinitely many solutions (d) Finitely many solutions (c) –1 (d) 2
P Determinant 215
W
   α r  a r 
100
24. If (1 + ax + bx2)4 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ... + a8x8, where a,
19.
= If S ∑    +   , then S equals b, a0, a1, ..., a8 ∈ R such that a0 + a1 + a2 ≠ 0 and

r =1  β   b   a0 a1 a2

5a
1 1  4 1  a1 a2 a0 = 0, then the value of is
(a) 1 −  (b) 1 −  b
3  2100  3  2100  a2 a0 a1

8 1  2 1  2a1b1 a1b2 + a2 b1 a1b3 + a3b1

(c) 1 −  (d) 1 − 
3  2100  3  2100  ∆ a1b2 + a2 b1
25. Let= 2a2 b2 a2 b3 + a3b2 .
a1b3 + a3b1 a3b2 + a2 b3 2a3b3
NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS
Expressing ∆ as the product of two determinant, then the
20. If a2 + b2 + c2 = –2 and value of ∆.
1 + a2 x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
26. The system of equations
(1 + a 2 ) x 1 + b 2 x
f ( x) = (1 + c 2 ) x ,

ax + y + z = a – 1
(1 + a 2 ) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2 x

x + ay + z = a – 1
then f (x) is a polynomial of degree

x + y + az = a – 1
2
1 a bc 1 a a has no solution, then absolute value of α is
21. The value of 1 b ca − 1 b b 2 is
27. Number of values of θ lying in [0, 100π] for which the
1 c ab 1 c c2
system of equations, (sin 3θ) x – y + z = 0; (cos 2θ)x +
22. For what value of 2k/33 the equations x + ky + 3z = 0,
4y + 3z = 0; 2x + 7y + 7z = 0 has non-trivial solution is
3x + ky – 2z = 0, 2x + 3y – 4z = 0 possess a nontrival
________.
solution over the set of rationals?
28. If sin q ≠ cos q and x, y, z satisfy the equations
2 2 2
a (s − a) (s − a)

x cos p – y sin p + z = cos q + 1
23. If 2s = a + b + c and ( s − b) 2 b2 ( s − b) 2

x sin p + y cos p + z = 1 – sin q
( s − c) 2 ( s − c) 2 c2

x cos(p + q) – y sin (p + q) + z = 2
= ks3 (s – a)(s – b)(s – c), then the numerical quantity k
should be then find the value of x2 + y2 + z2.

Exercise-2 (JEE Advanced Level-2)

SINGLE CORRECT QUESTIONS 1 (α + β) (α + β) 2

2
1. Consider the set A of all determinants of order 3 with 2. If D = 1 (β + γ ) (β + γ ) ,
entries 0 or 1 only. Let B to the subset of A consisting of 1 ( γ + α) ( γ + α) 2
all determinants with value 1. Let C be the subset of A where a, b, g are positive integers such that
consisting of all determinants with value –1, then a > b > g, then

(a) C = f (a) Minimum value of D is 2

(b) Minimum value of D is 1
(b) A = B ∪ C
(c) The number of possible values of a, satisfying D =
(c) B ∩ C ≠ f 243 is 4
(d) Number of elements in B and that in C are equal (d) The number of possible values of a, satisfying D =
243 is 5

216 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 3. The number of positive integral solutions of the equation ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT
3
x +1 x y x z 2 2
QUESTIONS
2
xy y + 1 y2 z =
3
11 , is/are equal to 9. If p, q, r, s are in A.P. and f (x)
2 2 3
xz yz z +1 p + sin x q + sin x p − r + sin x
= q + sin x r + sin x −1 + sin x
(a) 0 (b) 3
r + sin x s + sin x s − q + sin x
(c) 6 (d) 12 2
such that ∫ f (x)dx = −4
28 25 38 0
then the common difference of the A.P. can be:
4. Let N = 42 38 65 , then the number of ways is (a) –1 (b) 1/2
56 47 83 (c) –1/2 (d) 1
which N can be resolved as a product of the divisors 10. Let kx + y + z = 2, (k + 1)x + 2y + 2z = 4 and
which are relatively prime, is/are x + y + z = 2 be three equations, then
(a) 4 (b) 8 (a) for k = 4, equations have no solution
(c) 9 (d) 16 (b) for k = 1, equations have infinitely many solutions
(c) for k = 1, equations have no solution
a1 b1 c1 (d) for k = –1, equations have infinitely many solutions
5. If a 2 b2 c 2 = 8, then value of 11. Suppose x1, x2, x3 are in A.P. and y1, y2, y3 are in H.P.
a3 b3 c3 and let
x1 − y1 x1 − y 2 x1 − y 3
b 2 c3 − b 3 c 2 a 3 c 2 − a 2 c3 a 2 b3 − a 3 b 2
D = x 2 − y1
x 2 − y2 x 2 − y3 then
b3c1 − b1c3 a1c3 − a 3c1 a 3 b1 − a1b3 is equal to
x 3 − y1 x 3 − y2 x 3 − y3
b1c 2 − b 2 c1 a 2 c1 − a1c 2 a1b 2 − a 2 b1
(a) D is independent of x1 and x2
(a) 8 (b) 16 (b) y1 + D, y2 + D, y3 + D are in H.P.
(c) 48 (d) 64 (c) x1 + 2D, x2 + 2D, x3 + 2D are in A.P.
6. Let D k is the k × k matrix with 0′s in the main (d) ∆ is independent of y1, y2, y3
diagonal, unity as the element of 1 st row and 5 + sin 2 x cos 2 x 4sin 2x
(f(k))th column and k for all other entries. If f(x) = 2 2
12. If f (x)
= sin x 5 + cos x 4sin 2x , then
x – {x} (where {x} denotes the fraction part function), 2 2
then the value of det. (D2) + det. (D3) equals sin x cos x 5 + 4sin 2x
(a) 32 (b) 34 which of the following is/are correct
(c) 36 (d) None of these (a) f(x) is a non-monotonic function
(b) f(x) = 0 has no real roots
7. The value of
(c) f′(x) has infinitely many maxima and minima
sin 2A sin(A + B) sin(A + C) (d) Number of integers in the range of f(x) is 201
D = sin(B + A) sin 2B sin(C + B) is yz − x 2 zx − y 2 xy − z 2 r 2 u 2 u2
sin(C + A) sin(C + B) sin 2C 13. If xz − y 2 xy − z 2 yz − x 2 =
u2 r2 u 2 , then
(a) sin A + sin B + sin C (b) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C xy − z 2 yz − x 2 zx − y 2 u 2 u 2 r2
(c) sin A sin B sin C (d) None of these
(a) r2 = x + y + z (b) r2 = x2 + y2 + z2
8. Let a, b, c be real numbers with a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, (c) u2 = yz + zx + xy (d) u2 = xyz
ax − by − c bx + ay cx + a a b c
bx + ay −ax + by − c cy + b 0
= 14. Let A =  p q r  and B = A2.
 
cx + a cy + b −ax − by + c l l l
If (a – b)2 + (p – q)2 = 25, (b – c)2 + (q – r)2 = 36 and
represents  B
(a) Parabola (b) Circle (c – a)2 + (r – p)2 = 49, then det   is divisible by
2
(c) Straight line (d) Hyperbola (a) 12 (b) 11 (c) 15 (d) 6
 15. If the system of equations (x2 – x3)2 + (y2 – y3)2 = b2;
ax + y + 2z = 0 (x3 – x1)2 + (y3 – y1)2 = c2; and
x + 2y + z = b
2
2x + y + az = 0 x1 y1 1
has no solution then (a + b) can be equals to:
4 x2 y 2 1 = λ(λ3 –(λ1 + λ2 + λ3) λ2 + λ(λ1 λ2 + λ2
(a) –1 (b) 2 x3 y3 1
(c) 3 (d) 4
λ3 + λ1 λ2 λ3)), then
16. The product of 5 × 3 matrix and 3 × 5 matrix contains
1
a variable entry x in exactly two places. If D(x) is the 3
determinant of the matrix product, such that D(0) = 1, (a) λ > (λ1λ 2 λ3 ) 3 (b) λ1λ2λ3 = 8abc
2
D(–1) = 1 and D(2) = 7. then
(a) D(1) = 3 (b) D(–3) = 7 (c) ∑ λ1 λ2= 4 ∑ab (d) 2λ = λ1 + λ2 + λ3
(c) D(–2) = 3 (d) D(4) = 20
π
INTEGER / NUMERICAL TYPE
17. The value of θ lying between θ = θ and θ = and
2 21. The value of determinant
satisfying the equation
2 2
ax + xy a 2 + xb ab + xc
1 + sin θ cos θ 4sin θ
bx + y 2 ab + yb b 2 + yc
2 2
sin θ 1 + cos θ 4sin 4θ =
0 are cx + yz ac + zb bc + cz
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ 1 + 4sin 4θ
1 1 1
5π 11π    + cos θ cos θ sin θ is equal to
(a) (b)
24 24 − sin θ − sin θ cos θ
π 7π 22. Consider a set S = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23}, a
(c) (d)
24 24 collection of 1st 9 prime numbers. Let {D1, D2, D3, ...
18. If a, b, c are non-zero real numbers such that Dn} be the set of third order determinants that can be
made with all the 9 elements of set ‘S’. Then D1 + D2,
bc ac ba
… + Dn is equal to.
ca ab bc = 0 , then
23. If a, b, g are the roots x3 + x2 – 2x + 1 = 0, then the value
ab bc ca
of ∆ is equal to where
1 1 1 1 1 1 γ2 β2 2βγ − α 2
(a) + + 0 (b)
= + + 0
=
a bω cω2 a bω2 cω ∆= 2αγ − β2
α2 γ2
1 1 1 α2 2αβ − γ 2 β2
(c) + 2+ =0 (d) None of these
aω bω c
24. If f(x), g(x) and h(x) are three polynomials of degree
n −1 n−2 n −6 f (x) g(x) h(x)
19. If Tn =
2n − 4 2n − 6 2n − 11 where n ∈ N, then 2 and D(x) = f ′(x) g′(x) h′(x) , then D(x) is a
3n − 9 3n − 12 3n − 18 f ′′(x) g′′(x) h′′(x)
which of the following is/are true? polynomial of degree (dashes denote the differentiation).
10
m 25. If f(x), g(x), h(x) are three polynomial functions of degree
(a) Π Tn =
6m
n =1
(b) ∑T
n =1
n = 60
f (x) g(x) h(x)
Tn +1 two and φ(x) =f ′(x) g′(x) h′(x) , then the value
(c) =2 (d) T100.T101 = 48
Tn f ″(x) g″(x) h ″(x)
20. If φ(x) − φ(4 − x)
of lim is equal to:
)2
(x1 – x2 + (y1 – y2 = )2 a2; x→ 2 sin(x − 2)

218 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 g(x), where b ∈ R+ and the equation f(x) = 0 has positive real
a2 + n ab ac roots. (Leading coefficient of f(x) is 1.)
=
26. If ∆ n ab b2 + n bc , where n ∈ N and 31. The value of b is equal to:
2 (a) 3 (b) 12
ac bc c +n
(c) –12 (d) –3
(∆ )2
given that 2n > λn 3 , Then the value of l is ..... 32. Number of real roots of the equation g(x) = 0, is:
∆n
(a) 0 (b) 1
27. Let S be the sum of all possible determinants of order 2 (c) 2 (d) 4
having 0, 1, 2, 3 as their elements. Let α be a common
root of the equcations Passage-II
x2 + ax + [K + 1] = 0
Paragraph (33 to 34): A 3 × 3 determinant its entries as either
x2 + bx + [K + 4] = 0
‘1’ or ‘–1’. The number of such determinants is 29 = 512. We
and x2 – cx + [K + 15] = 0 call an order 3 determinant with entries ‘1’ or ‘–1’ as minus
special if product of elements of any rows and any columns is –1
such that α > S where a + b + c =0
33. The number of 3 × 3 minus special determinants is
1 2n π
and k = Lim ∑ (a) 2(n −1)2 (b) 2n
n →∞ n n −1 2
n +π 2
13n 2 − 37n
Based upon the above information the value of (c) (d) None of these
(a + S) . [k] + 10 will be 3
28. If we eliminate x, y & z from the equations. 34. The minimum value of a 3 × 3 minus special determinant
is
by cz cz ax
−a+
+ =0, −b + + 0 and
=
z y x z (a) – 6 (b) – 4
(c) – 2 (d) 0
ax by a 3 + b 3 + c3
−c +
+ 0 then the value of
= is
y x abc Passage-III
29. Consider the 24, 2 × 2 matrices which can be obtained
by some arrangement of the four letters x, y, z, w. For a Paragraph (35 to 36):
certain assignment of non-negative integers to x, y, z, w, If g(x) = (c1 – x) (c2 – x)(c3 – x)
we find that : 4 of these matrices have determinant 16 ; 4
have determinant – 16; and 16 have determinant zero. Find x + c1 x +a x +a
number of all possible solution sets for {x, y, z, w}. f(x)= x + b x + c2 x +a
30. The total number of distinct real values of x for which x+b x+b x + c3
x x2 1+x 3
35. Coefficient of x in f(x) is
2x 4x 2 1+8x 3 =10
g(a) -f(b) g(-a) -g(-b)
3x 9x 2 1+27x 3 (a) (b)
b -a b -a

g(a) -g(b)
COMPREHENSION TYPE (c) (d) None of these
b -a
Passage-I 36. Which of the following is not a constant term in f(x)
Paragraph (31 to 32): bg(a) -ag(b) bg(a) -af(-b)
(a) (b)
x − 4x 3 2
bx − 2x 2
3bx − 8 b -a b -a
2
Consider D(x) = bx − 2x 3bx − 8 x 3 − 4x 2 = f(x). bf(-a) -ag(b)
(c) (d) None of these
3bx − 8 x 3 − 4x 2 bx − 2x 2 b -a

P Determinant 219
W
DETERMINANT MATCH
2 cos t if i = j
37. Let A(t) = [aij] is a matrix of order 3 × 3 given by aij = 1 if | i − j| =
1, then
0 otherwise

Column-I Column-II

A. The number of t in interval [–2p, 4p] such that |A(t)| = 4 is equal to p. 0

q. 1
π  4π 
B. A   A   is equal to
17
   17 

C. The maximum value of |A(t)| + |A(2t)|, ∀t ∈ R is equal to r. 4

π s. 6
D. ∫ | A(t) | | A(4t) | dt is equal to
0

t. 8

(a) A-r; B-q; C-t; D-p (b) A-p; B-q; C-r; D-t
(c) A-q; B-r; C-t; D-p (d) A-q; B-t; C-p; D-s
38.
Column-I Column-II
1/ c 1/c −(a + b)/c 2
p. Independent of a
−(b + c)/a 2 1/a 1/a
A.
− b(b + c) (a + 2b + c) − b(a + b)
/a 2c /ac /ac 2

sin a cos b sin a sin b cos a q. Independent of b

B. cos a cos b cos a sin b − sin a
− sin a sin b sin a cos b 0

1 1 1 r. Independent of c
sin a cos b sin a sin b cos a
− cos a − cos a sin a
C.
sin 2 a cos b sin 2 a sin b cos 2 a
sin b − cos b
0
sin a cos 2 b sin a sin 2 b

If a, b and c are the sides of a triangle and A, B and C are the angles opposite s. Dependent of a, b
to a, b and c, respectively, then
D. a2 b sin A c sin A
D = b sin A 1 cos A
c sin A cos A 1

(a) A-p,q,r; B-q; C-s; D-p,q,r (b) A-p,q; B-q; C-s; D-p,q
(c) A-r; B-p; C-p; D-q,r (d) A-p,q,R; B-q; C-s; D-q,r

220 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-1 (JEE ADVANCE LEVEL-1)
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (a,b) 5. (a,b) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. [2]
21. [0] 22. [1] 23. [2] 24. [8] 25. [0] 26. [2] 27. [201] 28. [2]

EXERCISE-2 (JEE ADVANCE LEVEL-2)

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a, d)
10. (b, d) 11. (a, b, c, d) 12. (a, b, c, d) 13. (b, c) 14. (a, d) 15. (b, c, d) 16. (a, b, c)
17. (b, d) 18. (a, b, c) 19. (a, b) 20. (a, b, c, d) 21. [2] 22. [0]
23. [7] 24. [0] 25. [0] 26. [64] 27. [13] 28. [5] 29 [6] 30. [2] 31. (a)
32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (c) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (a)

P Determinant 221
W
  EXPLANATION
EXERCISE-1 (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL-1)  32  2
Now   = (where { } denotes fractional part
(1 + a1 + b1 ) ( a1 + b2 ) ( a1 + b3 ) 3 3
function)
1. (b) ( a2 + b1 ) (1 + a2 + b2 ) ( a2 + b3 ) 2 2
( a3 + b1 ) ( a3 + b2 ) (1 + a3 + b3 ) ⇒ = ⇒k= 3
3 k
3 4. (a, b)
=k + ∑ (ai + bi ) + ∑ ∑ (a − a j )(b j − bi )
=i 1 1 ≤ i < j ≤3
i
By partial fractions, we have
To get k put ai ‘s = 0 and bi’ s = 0 then f (a) f (b)
= g ( x) +
1 0 0 ( x − a )(a − b)(a − c) (b − a )( x − b)(b − c)
∆ = 0 1 0 = 1⇒ k = 1 f (c )
+
0 1 0 (c − a )(c − b)( x − c)
2. (d) Taking n! common from R1, (n + 1)! from R2 and 1
=
(n + 2)! from R3, we obtain (a − b)(b − c)(c − a )
∆n = n! (n + 1)! (n + 2)! ∆
f (a )(c − b) f (b)(a − c) f (c)(b − a )
1 n + 1 (n + 1)(n + 2) × + +
( x − a) ( x − b) ( x − c)
where=
∆ 1 n + 2 (n + 2)(n + 3)
1 a f (a) / ( x − a) 1 a a 2
1 n + 3 (n + 3)(n + 4)
= 1 b f (b) / ( x − b) + 1 b b 2
Using R3 → R3 → –R2 and R2 → R2 – R1, we get
1 c f (c ) / ( x − c ) 1 c c 2
1 n + 1 (n + 1)(n + 2)
1 a f (a ) log x − a 1 a a2
=∆ 0 1 2(n + 2)
⇒ ∫ g ( x)dx 1 b
= f (b) log x − b + 1 b b 2 + k
0 1 2(n + 3)
1 c f (c) log x − c 1 c c2
1 2n + 4
= = 2 1 a − f (a )( x − a ) −2 1 a a 2
1 2n + 6 dg ( x)
and = 1 b − f (b)( x − b) −2 + 1 b b 2
Thus, ∆n = 2n! (n + 1)! (n + 2)! dx
1 c − f (c)( x − c) −2 1 c c2
⇒ ∆n+1 = 2(2n + 1)! (n + 2)! (n + 3)!
(3n3 − 5)∆ n (3n3 − 5) 1 a f (a )( x − a ) −2 a2 a 1
Now, =
∆ n +1 (n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) = 1 b f (b)( x − b) −2 ÷ b 2 b 1
1 c f (c)( x − c) −2 c2 c 1
 5
 3− 3 
3
(3n − 5)∆ n  n  5. (a, b) The number of third order determinant is equal
⇒ lim lim
=
n →∞ ∆ n +1 n →∞  1  2  3  to the number of arrangements of nine different
1 +  1 +  1 +  numbers in nine places = 9!
 n  n  n 
Corresponding to each determinant made, there
3. [3] Operate C2 → C2 – 2C1; C3 → C3 – 3C1
is a determinant obtained by interchanging two
x2 − 4x + 6 (12 x − 2 ) 10 x − 2 consecutive rows (or columns), so, the sum of this
x−2 6 5 pair will be zero.
1 0 0 ∴ the sum of all the determinants = 0 + 0 + 0 ... to
9!
= 60x – 10 – 60x + 12 = 2 times = 0
2
2 2
2 x3 32 k

∫−2 2
=2
x dx =
3 −2 3
∑ ∆i 0
∴ k 9! and=
=
i =1

222 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 6. [0] Multiplying R1, R2, R3 by a, b, c respectively and 8. (d) R2 → R2 – R1, R3 → R3 – R1
then taking a, b, c common from C1, C2 and C3 we (2n1 + 1) 2 (2n1 + 1) 2
get
4(n4 + n1 )(n4 + n1 + 1) 4(n5 − n2 )(n5 + n2 + 1)
– bc ab + ac ac + ab
4(n7 − n1 )(n7 + n1 + 1) 4(n8 − n2 )(n8 + n2 + 1)
= ab + bc
∆ – ac bc + ab
ac + bc bc + ac – ab (2n3 + 1) 2
4(n6 − n3 )(n6 + n3 + 1)
Now using
4(n9 − n3 )(n9 + n3 + 1)
C2 → C2 – C1 and C3 → C3 – C1 and then taking
(ab + bc + ca) common from C2 and C3 we get 9. (c) Sx3 – 3xyz = (Sx)(Sx2 – Sxy)
– bc 1 1 (Sx)(S(x – y)2) = 34
2
= ab + bc –1 0 × ( ab + bc + ca )
∆ So, Sx = 17, S(x – y)2 = 2.
ac + bc 0 –1 10. (c) Basically det of trangular matrices only.
Now applying R2 → R2 + R1 we get Applying R1 → R1 + R2, R2 → R2 + R3 ... and so on.
Then C2 → C2 – C1, C3 → C3 – C2 ... and so on. We
– bc 1 1 get |An| = n + 1.
=∆ ab 0 1 ( ab + bc + ca )
|A1| = 2, |A2| = 3, |A3| = 4.
ac + bc 0 –1
11. (c) 1(2) + 1(2) = 4 → Max = 4
Expanding along c2 we get 1 −1 1
D = (ab + bc + ca)2 [ac + bc + ca]2 1 1 1 Min = − 4
−1 −1 1
= (ab + bc + ca)2
1 1 0
= (r/p)3 = r3/p3
0 1 1 1(1) − 1(−1) =2
Now given a, b, c are all positive then
1 0 1
A.M ≥ G.M. Max = 2
ab + bc + ac 1/3 Min = −2
⇒ ≥ ( ab × bc × ac )
3
12. (d) Adding all the equations,
or (ab + bc + ac)3 ≥ 27a2b2c2
we obtain
or (ab + bc + ca)3 ≥ 27(s2/p2)
x2 y 2 z 2
if D = 27 then ab + bc + ca = 3 and given that + + 3
=
a 2 b2 c2
a2 + b2 + c2 = 3
Subtracting first equation from it
From
we get
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + (ab + bc + ca)
2z2
We have =2 ⇒ z 2 =c 2
c2
a+b+c=≠3
⇒ z = ± c.s
⇒a+b+c=3
Similarly,
⇒ 3p + q = 0 x = ± a, y = ± b.
x y −( x + y ) Thus, the given system of equations has
1
7. [0] −( y + z ) y z eight solutions.
yz 3 x 3
− y( y + z) y ( zy + x + z ) − y ( x + y )
13. (d) The above system of equations will have non-trivial
Applying C3 → C3 + C1 solution if
x y −y a b c
−( y + z ) y −y 0
= =∆ b=c a 0
− y( y + z) y ( zy + x + z ) − y ( x + zy + z ) c a b

P Determinant 223
W
 1   α  r  a  r  100  1  r  −1  r
100
But ∆ = − (a + b + c)
2 ∑   +   = ∑  +  
19. (d) S =
 
=
 β   b   r 1  2   2 
r 1=
[(b – c)2 + (c – a)2 + (a – b)2]
1  1 
50

∴ ∆ = 0, a + b + c ≠ 0 ·  1 −   
50
1
2n
4   4   2 1 
⇒ a = b = c. ∑
= 2  =
n=1  2 
2⋅
 1 
=
3
1 − 100 
 2 
Thus, a : b : c 1 − 
 4
=1:1:1
20. [0002] Applying C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
1 1 1
1 (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
14. (b) A = a b c
f ( x) =1 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
a2 b2 c2
1 (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2 x
1 1 1
( a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 = 0)
∆1 =t b c
Operating R2 → R2 – R1 and R3 → R3 – R1
t2 b2 c2
1 (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
(t − b)(c − t ) 0
= 1− x 0 (1 − x) 2
=
So, x =
(a − b)(c − a ) 0 0 1− x
So, equation Hence degree of f(x) = 2
a (t − b)(c − t ) b3 (a − t )(t − c) c 3 (b − t )(t − a ) 3
3
1 a bc 1 a bc
+ + 0
−t =
(a − b)(c − a ) (a − b)(b − c) (b − c)(c − a )
21. [0000] 1 b ca =0 b − a c(a − b)
By observation, there are 3 real roots (t = a, b, c).
1 c ab 0 c − b a (b − c)
COMPREHENSION (15 TO 17) = 1.[a(b – c)(b – a) – c(a – b)(c – b)]
cos(α + θ) sin(α + θ) 1 (b – c)(b – a)(a – c)
Aθ (α, β,=
γ ) cos(β + θ) sin(β + θ) 1 (a – b)(b – c)(c – a)
cos( γ + θ) sin( γ + θ) 1 1 a a2
Again 1 b b 2 =(a − b)(b − c)(c − a )
Aθ (α, β, γ) ⇒ sin (α – β) sin (β – γ) sin (γ – α) = k
1 c c2
⇒ which is independent of θ
15. (a) If a = Aπ/2 (α, β, γ) and b = Aπ/3 (α, β, γ) So the given difference is 0.
1 k 3
so a = b (Independent of θ)
22. [0001] Coefficient det = 0 ⇒ 3 k −2 = 0
16. (d) Aθ2 + Aφ2 – 2(Aθ+φ)2 = k2 + k2 – 2k2 = 0
2 3 −4
17. (a) If α, β, γ are fixed then y = Ax(α, β, γ)
⇒ (–4k + 6) – k(–12 + 4) + 3(9 – 2k) = 0
= constant which is a straight line parallel to x-axis.
⇒ –4k + 6 + 12k – 4k + 27 – 6k = 0
18. (c) c1 → c1 – c2, c2 → c2 – c1, c3 → c3 – 2c1 ⇒ –2k + 33 = 0
2 1 2 1 1 2 2K = 33
1+ α α β = 1 α β 2K
=1
4 − β 3 − β α +1 1 3 − β α +1 33

1 0 0 23. [0002] Let a = s – a, b = s – b, g = s – c

= 1 α −1 β − 2 then determinant
1 2 − β α −1 (β + γ ) 2 α2 α2
= β2 ( γ + α) 2 β2 = 2αβγ (α + β + γ ) 2
= (α – 1)2 + (β – 2)2 = 0
γ2 γ2 (α + β) 2
⇒ α = 1, β = 2, γ = 4
∴ the cubic equation is (standard determinant)
x3 – 7x2 + 14x – 8 = 0 = 2(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)s3 ⇒ k = 2

224 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 24. [8] Putting x = 0, a0 = 1 26. (b) For no solution or infinitely many solutions
(1 + ax + bx2)4 = (1 + ax + bx2) (1 + ax + bx2) α 1 1
(1 + ax + bx2) (1 + ax + bx2) 1 α 1 = 0 ⇒ α = 1, α = −2
Clearly a0 = 1, a1 = coefficient of x = a + a + a + a 1 1 α
= 4a But for α = 1, clearly there are infinitely many
a2 = coefficient of x2 = 4b + 6a2 solutions and when we put α = –2 in given system
Now ∆ = −(a03 + a13 + a23 − 3a0 a1a2 ) of equations and adding them together.
 a0 + a1 + a2 ≠ 0 ∴ a0 = a1 = a2 L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S. ⇒ No solution
∴ a0 = a1 = a2 27. [201] The system has a non-trivial solution if
1 = 4a = 6a2+ 4b sin 3θ −1 1
1 5 = ∆ cos 2θ 4 = 3 0
⇒ a= , b=
4 32 2 7 7

a1b1 + b1a1 a1b2 + a2 b1 a1b3 + b1a3 ⇒ (28 – 21) sin 3θ – (–7 – 7) cos 2θ + 2 (–3 – 4) = 0
∆ a2 b1 + b2 a1
25. [0] = a2 b2 + a2 b2 a2 b3 + a3b2 ⇒ sin 3θ + 2 cos 2θ – 2 = 0
a3b1 + b3 a1 a3b2 + b3 a2 a3b3 + a3b3 ⇒ 3 sin θ – 4 sin³ θ + 2 – 4 sin² θ – 2 = 0
a1 b1 0 b1 a1 0 ⇒ 4 sin³ θ + 4 sin2 θ – 3 sin θ = 0
= a2 b2 0 × b2 a2 0 = 0 ...(i) ⇒ sin θ (4 sin2 θ + 4 sin θ – 3)= 0
a3 b3 0 b3 a3 0 ⇒ sin θ (2 sin θ + 3) (2 sin θ – 1) = 0
So, sin θ = 0; 1/2, since sin 0 – 3/2
(row by row multiplication)
Now, sin θ – 0 is for 0, π, 2π, ..., 100π, total 101
Now,
values
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c
sin θ = 1/2 for θ = π/3 and 2π/3.
= (lx + my + n)(l′x + my + n′)
So, there will be 100 values lying in [0, 100π]
= ll′x2 + (lm′ + ml′)xy + mm′y2 + (ln′ + l′n)x + (mn′
Therefore, total number of values of θ is 201.
+ m′n)y + nn′
28. [2] Given that
Comparing the coefficients, we get
x cos p – y sin p + z = cos q + 1 ...(i)
1 1
a=ll ′, h = (lm′ + ml ′), b =mm′, g = (ln′ + l ′n), x sin p + y cos p + z = 1 – sin q...(ii)
2 2
x cos (p + q) – y sin (p + q) + z = 2 ...(iii)
1
f = (mn′ + m′n), c = nn′ eq. (i) × cos q; eq. (ii) × sin q
 2
x (cos p cos q – sin p sin q) – (sin p cos q + cos p
a h g sin q) + z (cos q – sin q) = cos2q + cos q – sin q +
∴ h b f sin2q
g f c x cos (p + q) – y sin (p + q) + z (cos q – sin q) = 1
1 1 + cos – sin q...(iv)
ll ′ (lm′ + ml ′) (ln′ + l ′n) eq. (iv) – eq. (iii)
2 2
1 1 ⇒ z (cos q – sin q –1) = cos q – sin q – 1
= (lm′ + ml ′) mm′ (mn′ + m′n)
2 2 ⇒z=1
1 1 for z = 1
(ln′ + l ′n) (mn′ + m′n′) nn′
2 2 from (i) & (ii) we get
x cos p – y sin p = cos q...(v)
2ll ′ lm′ + ml ′ ln′ + l ′n
1 x sin p + y cos p = –sin q...(vi)
= lm′ + l ′m 2mm′ mn′ + m′n
8 eq. (v)2 + eq. (vi)2
ln′ + l ′n mn′ + m′n 2nn′
x2 + y2 = 1
= 0 [From (i)] Now x2 + y2 + z2 = 2

P Determinant 225
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EXERCISE-2 (JEE ADVANCE LEVEL-2) 7. (d)
(sin A cos A (sin A cos B (sin A cos C
SINGLE CORRECT QUESTIONS + sin A cos A) + cos A sin B) + cos A sin C)
(sin Bcos A (sin Bcos B (sin Ccos B
1. (d) If we interchange any two rows of a determinant in D =
+ cos Bsin A) + sin Bcos B) + cos Csin B)
set B, its valve becomes –1 and hence it is in set C.
(sin Ccos A (sin Ccos B (sin Ccos C
2. (a) D = (a + b – b – g)(b + g – g – a)(g + a – a – b)
+ cos Csin A) + cos Csin B) + sin Ccos C)
D = (a – g)(b – a)(g – a)
sin A cos A 0 cos A cos B sin C
D = –(a – b)(b – g)(g – a)
= ∆ sin
= B cos B 0 sin A sin B sin C 0
Dmin = –(3 – 20(2 – 1)(1 – 3) = 2
sin C cos C 0 0 0 0
For any combinationof a, b and g, D is always an
3.(c) The given determinant is
even integer.
ax − by − c bx + ay cx + a
x 4 + 1 x3 y x3z
bx + ay −ax + by − c cy + b 0
=
3. (b) xy3 y 4 + 1 y3 z =
11
cx + a cy + b −ax − by + c
xz 3
yz 3 4
z +1
C1 → aC1 + bC2 + cC3
x3 + 1 x3 x3
1 (a1 + b1 + c1 )x bx + ay cx + a
y3 y 4 + 1 y3 = 11
xyz 3 3 3 ⇒ (a1 + b1 + c1 )y −ax + by − c cy + b 0
=
z z z +1
use R1 → R1 + R2 + R3
(a1 + b1 + c1 ) cy + b −ax − by + c
we have a2 + b2 + c2 =1
1 1 1
3
x bx + ay cx + a
D = (x + y + z + 1) y
3 3 3 y + 1 y3
3
= 11
⇒ y −ax + by − c cy + b 0
=
z3 z 3 3
z +1
1 cy + b −ax − by + c
hence x3 + y3 + z3 = 10 C2 → C2 – bC1 and C3 → C3 – CC1
(2, 1, 1), (1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 2) ⇒ (b)
x ay a
4. (b) N = 770 = 2 × 5 × 7 × 11 ⇒ y −ax − c b 0
=
Hence no. of ways = 2n–1 = 23 = 8 1 cy −ax − by

5. (d) Dc = Dn–1; where n is order of determinant R3 → R3 + xR1 + yR2

Dc = (8)2 = 64

x ay a

Dc is cofactor determinant of D ⇒ y −ax − c b =
0
6. (b) f(x) = x – {x} = [x] x1 + y 2 + 1 0 0
1 2
Det. (D2) = (f(2) = 2 ⇒ (x2 + y2 + 1) [aby + a2x + ac] = 0
2 1
⇒ 1st row and 2ndcolumn = 1)
⇒ aby + a2x + ac = 0

0 −1 5 5  ⇒ (by + ax + c) = 0
Similarly Det. (D3) =  , B = 0 0 
0 2    ⇒ ax + by + c =0
(f(3) = 3 ⇒ a13 = 1) If the given determinant is zero, then
Det. (D2) = – 2; Det. (D3) = 36 (ax + by +c) = 0, ((x2 + y2 + 1) ≠ 0)

⇒ Det. (D2) + Det. (D3) = 34 Thus, (ax + by + c) = 0 represents a straight line.

226 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT 1 cos 2 x 4sin 2x
QUESTIONS =
2
(6 + 4sin 2x) 1 5 + cos x 4sin 2x
9. (a, d) 1 2
cos x 5 + 4sin 2x
p + sin x q + sin x p − r + sin x
Apply R3 → R3 + R1
f (x)= q + sin x r + sin x −1 + sin x
r + sin x s + sin x s − q + sin x 1 cos 2 x 4sin 2x
2
p + sin x d −r
=(6 + 4sin 2x) 1 5 + cos x 4sin 2x
= q + sin x d −1 − q 0 0 5
r + sin x d d − q
= (6 + 4 sin2x) 5 × 5 = 25 × (6 + 4 sin2x)
p + sin x d −r [50, 250]
= d 0 −1 + d =−2d
13. (b, c)
   d 0 1+ d
In the left-hand determinant, each element is the
2 2
\  
∫ ∫ (−2)d dx =
2 2
f (x)dx = −4d cofactor of the elements of the determinant
0 0

10. (b, d) x y z
y z x = ∆ *(say)
Here
z x y
Let L1 ⇒ kx + y + z = 2
Hence,
L2 ⇒ (k + 1)x + 2y + 2z = 4
x y z x y z
and L3 ⇒ x + y + z = 2 *2
∆ =y z x y z x

here L2 = L1 + L3 z x y z x y

so we can say actually we have only 2 different x 2 + y2 + z2 xy + yz + zx xz + yx + zy

lines or equations but 3 variables at k = 4, 1, –1, so
= Σxy Σx 2 Σxy
∞ solutions. Σxy Σxy Σx 2
11. (a, b, c, d) r2 u2 u2
x1 − y1 x1 − y 2 x1 − y 3 = u2
r2 u2
D = x 2 − y1
x 2 − y2 x 2 − y3 u2 u2 r2
x 3 − y1 x 3 − y2 x 3 − y3 [Since x2 + y2 + z2 = r2, xy + yz + zx = u2]

R2 → R2 – R1 and R3 →R3 – R1 a b c a p l

x1 − y1 x1 − y 2 x1 − y 3 14. (a, d) det (a) = p q r = b q l

l l l c r l
∆=x 2 − x1 x 2 − x1 x 2 − x1 =
0
x 3 − x1 x 3 − x1 x 3 − x1 a p l
1
= 2× b q l
12. (a, b, c, d) 2
c r l
   
5 + sin 2 x cos 2 x 4sin 2x
2 2
    = 2 × Area of the triangle with vertices
f (x)

= sin x 5 + cos x 4sin 2x
2 2 (a, p), (b, q) and (c, r) with sides 5, 6, 7
sin x cos x 5 + 4sin 2x
=2 × s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) =2 × 6 6 =12 6
Apply C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
P Determinant 227
W
 3 18. (a, b, d)
 B 1 1
Hence,
=  det(B)
det   = det(A 2 ) bc ac ba
 2  2 8
ca ab bc = 0
1 1
( )
2
= =(det A) 2 =12 6 108 ab bc ca
8 8

a 1 2 ⇒ (bc)3 + (ca)3 + (ab)3 –3(ab)(bc)(ca) = 0

15. (b, c, d) D = 1 2 1 = 0 (By using p3 + q3 + r3 – 3pqr = (p + q + r)
2 1 a
(p + qω + rω2)(p + qω2 + rω))
⇒ a2 – a – 2 = 0
Now,

⇒ (a – 2)(a + 1) = 0
(ab + bc + ca) (ab + bcω + caω2) (ab + bcω2 + caω)
0 1 2 a 0 2 a 1 2 =0
D1 = b=2 1 D2 1= b 1 D3 1 2 b
ab + bc + ca = 0 or ab + bcω + caω2 = 0
0 1 a 2 0 a 2 1 0
or ab + bcω2 + caω = 0
   a = 2 infinite solution
   a = –1, b ≠ 0 has no solution. ⇒ ab + bcω + caω2 = 0

16. (a, b, c) 1 1 1

⇒ 2
+ + =0
Since x occurs in exactly 2 places, D(x) can atmost cω aω b
be a polynomial of degree 2. 1 1 1

⇒ + 2+ 0
=
⇒ D(x) = ax2 + bx + c
a bω cω
      c = 1, a – b = 0 4a + 2a + 1 = 7 and
      a = b = c = 1 ab + bcω2 + caω = 0
     D(x) = x2 + x + 1 1 1 1
⇒ + + 0
=
17. (b, d) a bω cω2

1 + sin 2 θ cos 2 θ 4sin 4θ 1 1 1

or + 2+ =0
sin 2 θ 1 + cos 2 θ 4sin 4θ =
0 aω bω c
2 2
sin θ cos θ 1 + 4sin 4θ n −1 n−2 n −6

19. (a, b) Tn =
2n − 4 2n − 6 2n − 11
C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
3n − 9 3n − 12 3n − 18
2 + 4sin 4θ cos 2 θ 4sin 4θ C2 → C2 – C1, C3 → C3 – C2
2
⇒

2 + 4sin 4θ 1 + cos θ 4sin 4θ =
0 n − 1 –1 −4
2
2 + 4sin 4θ cos θ 1 + 4sin 4θ Tn = 2n − 4 −2 −5

R1 → R1 – R3 & R2 → R2 – R3 3n − 9 −3 −6

0 0 −1 (R1 + R 3 )
R2 → R2 −

⇒ ( 2 + 4sin 4θ ) 0
1 −1 0
= 2
2
1 cos θ 1 + 4sin 4θ n − 1 −1 −4

Tn 1 0 0

⇒ 2 + 4 sin4θ = 0
3n − 9 −3 −6
1 11π 7 π
⇒ sin 4θ = −
⇒θ= ,
2 24 24 Tn = –1(–6) = 6

228 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 20. (a, b, c, d) INTEGER / NUMERICAL TYPE
A(2x1, 2y1)
a x 0 x a b
21. [2] b y 0 × y b c
c z 0 z c a
1 −1 1
B(2x2, 2y2) C(2x3, 2y3) + cos θ cos θ sin θ = 0 + 2 = 2

− sin θ − sin θ cos θ
2 x1 2 y1 1
1 22. [0] Total number of third order determinants that can be
Area of ∆ = 2 x2 2 y2 1
2 formed with the elements of set S is 9!
2 x3 2 y3 1
Since number of determinants are even and in
x1 y1 1 which. There are 9!/2 pairs of determinants which
are obtained by changing two consecutive rows. So
Area of ∆ = 2 x2 y2 1 ...........(i) for every determinant there is one more determinant
x3 2 y3 1 whose value is the negative of the 1st determinant.

γ2 β2 2βγ − α 2

AB= 2 ( x1 – x2 )2 + ( y1 – y2 )2= 2a
23. [7] ∆= 2αγ − β2 α2 γ2
BC= 2 ( x2 – x3 )2 + ( y2 – y3 )2= 2b α2 2αβ − γ 2 β2

= (a3 + b3 + g3 – 3abg)2

CA=2 ( x3 – x1 )2 + ( y3 – y1 )2 2c
=
24.(0)   D′(x) = 0

Area of ∆ = s ( s – 2a )( s – 2b )( s − 2c ) ...(ii)
⇒ D(x) = constant (differentiate row wise)

from (i) & (iii), we get

\ Degree = 0

x1 y1 1 f (x) g(x) h(x)

2 x2 y 2 1 = s ( s − 2a )( s − 2b )( s − 2c ) 25. (0) φ(x) =f ′(x) g′(x) h′(x)

x3 y3 1 f ″(x) g″(x) h ″(x)

Squaring both sides f ′(x) g′(x) h′(x)
x1 y1 1 φ′(x) =f ′(x) g′(x) h′(x) +

4 x2
y 2 1 = s(s – 2a)(s – 2b) (s – 2c) f ″(x) g″(x) h ″(x)
x3 y3 1 f (x) g(x) h(x)
f ″(x) g″(x) h ″(x) +
= s (s3 – s2(2a + 2b + 2c) + s(4ab + 4bc + 4ca)–8abc)
f ″(x) g″(x) h ″(x)
Comparing with given condition
λ = s, λ1 = 2a, λ2 = 2b, λ3 = 2c, f (x) g(x) h(x)
Now, A.M > G.M f ′(x) g′(x) h′(x)
1 f ″′ (x) g″′ (x) h ″′ (x)
2a + 2b + 2c 1
> ( 2a.2b.2c ) 3
3× 2 2 f (x) g(x) h(x)
3 1 = 0 + 0 + f ′(x) g′(x) h′(x)

s>
( λ1λ 2λ3 ) 3 0 0 0
2
λ1 + λ2 + λ3 = 2a + 2b + 2c = 2λ ( f, g, h are quadratic polynomials)
∑λ1λ2 = 4∑ab
\ f′′′(x) = g′′′ (x) = h′′′ (x) = 0) = 0

λ1λ2λ3 = 8abc
\ φ(x) must be a constant function.
P Determinant 229
W

\ φ(x) = φ(4 – x)    α2 + bα + [k + 4] = 0
φ(x) − φ(4 − x) ⇒  α2 + bα + [k] + 4 = 0
...(ii)

\ lim =0
x→ 2 sin(x − 2) and   α2 – cα + [k + 15] = 0
26. [64]
⇒  α2 – cα + [k] + 15 = 0
...(iii)
a2 + n ab ac
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii) and subtracting Eq. (iii)
=∆n ab b2 + n bc we get
ac bc c2 + n α2 + (a + b + c) α + [k] – 10 = 0


n α2 + 0 + [k] – 10 = 0

a+ b c
a [ a + b + c = 0 ]
n ⇒ α2 + [k] – 10 = 0
...(iv)
=∆ n abc a b+ c
b
1 2n r
a b c+
n Also, k = lim ∑
n →∞ n r =1
c 22 + r 2

2n
now applying R1 → R1 – R3 and R2 → R2 – R3 1 r/n 2 x
n −n
= lim ∑ .
n 1 + (r / n) 2
=∫
0
dx
0
n →∞ r =1 (1 + x 2 )
a c
2
n −n  (1 + x 2 )  =5 − 1

⇒ ∆n =abc 0   0
b c
n [k]=  5 − 1= 1
a b c+
c
From Eq. (iv) we get
 n  nc n 2 nb  n 2 a 
⇒ ∆ n abc  
=
+ + +  2 2
 a  b bc c  bc      α + 1 − 10 = 0 ⇒ α = 9
∴ α = ±3
⇒ Dn = n2(a2 + b2 + c2) + n3

∆n Now, number of determinants of order 2 having

⇒ = a2 + b2 + c2 + n      ...(1)
n2        0, 1, 2, 3 = 4! = 24
∆ 2n

⇒ = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2n     ...(2) a1 a2
4n 2 Let ∆1 =
be one such determinant and
a3 a4
∆ 2n ∆n ∆ 2n

⇒ − n ⇒
= − ∆ n =n 3 their exists another determinant
4n 2
n 1 4
∆ 2n a a4

⇒ =∆ n =n 3          ...(3) Let ∆ 2 = 3
[obtained on interchanging R1
4 a1 a2
Applying AM > GM, we get and R2]
3 1
∆n + n Such that ∆1 + ∆2 = 0
> ∆n .n 3  2
2
 
∵ S = Sum of all the 24 determinants = 0
1 Since,     α > S ⇒ α > 0
∆ 2n 3 2
>  ∆ n .n  ∴       α =3
8
So the value of (a + S) . [k] + 10 will be 13.
∆2
2n > 64n 3
∆n 28. [5] To eliminate x, y and z.
27.[13] Let α be a common root of the given equation, then y z x
Let α= , β= and γ = in the given
   α2 + aα + [k + 1] = 0 z x x
⇒  α2
+ aα + [k] + 1 = 0 ...(i) equations

230 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 c But 16 are given to be zero. Thus it must have also

bα + =a, ...(i) been another pair for which determinant = 0
α
Let xw = yz …(i)
a
cβ + = b ...(ii)
xy = wz …(ii)
β ⇒ x2yw = z2 yw
b ⇒ x2 = z2 ⇒ x = z …(iii)
and aγ + =c ...(iii)
[x and z are +ve integers]
γ
Put (iii) in (i)
Also,    abg = 1
xw = yz ⇒ y = w …(iv)
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
Hence 2 pair alike
 c  a  b situation would be like
 bα +   cβ +  aγ +  =abc x, x, y, y also x2 – y2 = 16


α  β  γ
⇒ x = 5, y = 3
βγ αγ αβ

⇒ 2abc + ac 2 + a 2b + b2c Hence number are {5, 5, 3, 3}
α β γ Solution sets would be
γ β α 4!
+a 2c + bc 2 + ab 2 abc
= Arrangement of 5, 5, 3, 3 in 4 places = =6
αβ γα βγ Ans.] 2!2!
     
1 1 1 1 1 + x3

⇒ ac 2 + a 2b        [abg =1]
α2 β2 30. [2] x3 2 4 1 + 8x 3 =
10
1
+ b 2 c 2 + a 2 cγ 2 + bc 2β2 + ab 2 α 2 =−abc 3 9 1 + 27x 3

γ
1 1 1 1 1 1
 c2   a2   b2  3 6
⇒ a  2 + b 2α 2  +  2 + β2 c2  + c  2 + a 2 γ 2  = −abc

⇒ x 2 4 1+x 2 4 8 = 10
 α   β   γ 
3 9 1 3 9 27
                 ...(iv)
Applying C2 → C2 – C1 and C3 → C3 – C1, then
On squaring Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
1 0 0 1 0 0
c2 a2 3 6
b2α 2 +
2
= a 2 − 2bc,c 2β2 + = b2 – 2ca and x 2 2 −1 + x 2 2 6 = 10
α β2 3 6 −2 3 6 24

2 2 b2 2
a γ + = c − 2ab ⇒ 2x3 + 12x6 = 10 or 6x6 + x3 – 5 = 0

         
γ2
or (6x3 – 5) (x3 + 1) = 0
On putting these values in Eq. (iv), we get 5
x 3 = or x 3 = −1

a(a2 – 2bc) + b(b2 – 2ca) + c(c2 – 2ab) = –ab 6

⇒ a3 + b3 + c3 = 5abc 1/3
5
x y =
x   , −1
29. [6]  xw = yz .......(1) for D = 0 6
z w 
hence only 2 real values of x are possible.
other arrangement such that D = 0
4 arrangements wx = yz ........(2) COMPREHENSION TYPE
xw = zy ........(3)
wx = zy ........(4) Paragraph for Solution Nos. 31 to 32
Also 4 for changing {x, w} and {y, z} diagonally. 31. (a)
Let x3 – 4x2 = a, bx – 2x2 = b and 3bx – 8 = g
x y
z yz = wx
w  α β γ
 yz = xw
Now, D(x) = β γ α
zy = wx
zy = xw γ α β
P Determinant 231
W
 = –(a + b + g)(a2 + b2 + g2 – ab – bg – ga) x + c1 a − c1 a − c1
−(α + β + γ ) f ( x) =+
x b c2 − b a − b
= [(a – b)2 + (b – g)2 + (g – a)2]
2 x+b 0 c3 − b

−1 3

\ D(x) = (x – 6x2 + 4bx – 8)
2 x a − c1 a − c1 c1 a − c1 a − c1
((x3 – 4x2 – bx + 2x2)2 + (bx – 2x2 – 3bx + 8)2 ⇒ f ( x) = x c2 − b a − b + b c2 − b a − b

         + (3bx – 8 – x3 – 4x2)2) x 0 c3 − b b 0 c3 − b
3
Hence, ∆ (x) = (x − 6x 2 + 4bx − 8)
 1 a − c1 a − c1 c1 a − c1 a − c1
f (x )
⇒ f ( x)= x 1 c 2 − b a − b + b c 2 − b a − b

 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 0 c3 − b b 0 c3 − b
 −  ((x − 2x − bx) + (2x + 2bx + 8)
 2
+ (x 3 + 4x 2 − 3bx + 8) 2 )
⇒ f(x) = Px + Q

g(x ) Now,
l1
f(–a) = –Pa + Q
Now, f(x) = 0 ⇒ x3 – 6x2 + 4bx – 8 = 0 l2
f(–b) = –Pb + Q
l3
λ1 + λ 2 + λ 3 6 f(–a) – f(–b) = Pb – Pa
Also A.M. = = = 2
3 3 f (−a) − f (− b)
and G.M. = (8)1/3 = 2 P=

(b − a)
∵ A.M. = G.M. l1 = l2 = l3 = 2
Hence, l1l2 + l2l3 + l3l1 = 4b c1 − a 0 0
⇒ 4b = 12 ⇒   b =  3 f (−a) = b − a c 2 − a 0

32. (a) b − a b − a c3 − a
Given g(x) = –1/2 ((x3 – 2x2 – bx)2 + (2x2 + 2bx – 8)2
= (c3 – a) (c1 – a) (c2 – a)
+ (x3 + 4x2 – 3bx + 8)2). As g(x) cannot be zero for any
real value of x. f(–b) = (c1 – b) (c2 – b) (c3 – b)
33. (a)
g(x) = (c1 – x) (c2 – x) (c3 – x)
For n × n matrix
g(a) = (c1 – a) (c2 – a) (c3 – a) = f(–a)
R1 can be filled with 2n–1 ways
g(b) = (c1 – b) (c2 – b) (c3 – b) = f(–b)
R2 can be filled with 2n–1 ways
g(a) − g(b)
P=
Rn–1 can be filled with 2n–1 ways b−a
So, total number of n × n minus special determinants 36. (d)
= (2n–1) × (2n–1) × ..........(n – 1) times
f(x) = Px + Q
n–1 2
= (2n–1) = 2(n–1) f(–a) = –Pa + Q .........(i)
34. (b) f(–b) = –Pb + Q .........(ii)

Minimum value of minus special determinents from (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 −1 bf (−a) − af (− b)
Q=
= 1 −1 1 =
−4 b−a
−1 1 1 we know that f(–a) = g(a) and f(–b) = g(b)
35. (c) bg(a) − ag(b)
⇒ Q=


C2 → C2 – C1 C3 → C3 – C1 b−a

232 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
MATRIX MATCH (b) Applying C1 → C1 – (cot b) C2, we get

37. (a) 0 sin a sin b cos a

 2 cos t 1 0 
D= 0 cos a sin b − sin a
 1 2 cos t 1  − sin a/sin b sin a cos b 0
A(t) = 
 0 1 2 cos t  sin a
  = – [–sin b sin2 a – cos2 a sin b]
|A(t) = 2 cos2 (4 cos2 t – 1) – 2 cos t = 8 cos3 t – 4 cos t sin b
[expanding along C1]
     |A(t)| = 4 cos t cos 2t   = sin a
(a) |A(t)| = 4 ⇒   t = 2np, n ∈ I (c) Taking 1/sin a cos b, 1/sin a sin b, 1/cos a common
⇒ t = –2p, 0, 2p, 4p from C1, C2, C3, respectively, we get
 π   4π  1
(b) A   A 
D= 2
∆1
 17   17  sin a cos a sin b cos b

π 2π 4π 8π 1 1 1
= 16 cos cos cos cos
17 17 17 17 where D2 = − cot a − cot a tan a
16π tan b − cot b 0
sin
= 17 = 1 0 1 1
π
sin = 0 − cot a tan a
17
(c) |A(t) + |A(2t)| = 4 cos t cos 2t 1/sin b cos b − cot b 0
+ 4 cos 2t cos 4t ≤ 8 Applying C1 → C1 – C2, we get
π
1
(d) ∫16 cos t cos 2t cos 4t cos 8tdt
0

D=
sin b cos b
[tan a + cot a]

π
sin 16tdt 1
= ∫
0
sin t
    =
sin a cos a sin b cos b
π
 sin 16t sin(16π − 16t)  a2 b sin A c sin A
=
∫0  sin t + sin(π − t)  dt (d) b sin A 1 cos A
= 0 c sin A cos A 1
38. (a) a2 a sin B a sin C
(a) Multiplying C1 by a, C2 by b and C3 by c, we obtain = a sin B 1 cos A
a b a +b a sin C cos A 1
−
c c c
1 b+c b c 1 sin B sin C
D= −
abc a a a = a2 sin B 1 cos A
b(b + c) b(a + 2c + c) b(a + b) sin C cos A 1
− −
ac ac ac
1 0 0
Applying C1 → C1 + C2 + C3, we get
= a2 sin B 2
1 − sin B cos A − sin B sin C
b a +b sin C cos A − sin B sin C 1 − sin 2 C
0 −
c c
[Applying C2 → C2 – (sin B) C1 and C3 → C3 – (sin C)C1]
1 b c

D= 0 = a2[cos2 B cos­2 C – (cos A – sin B sin C)2]
abc a a
b(a + 2b + c) b(a + b) = a2[cos2B cos2C – (cos(B + C) + sin B sin C)2]
0 −
ac ac = a2[cos2 B cos2 C – cos2 B cos2 C]
This show that D is independent of a, b and c. = 0
P Determinant 233
W