CHAPTER

15
Limits

Exercise-1 (JEE Advanced Level-1)

MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS  n  a 1 

n

lim   + sin 
6. n →∞  n + 1  n  non-zero finite limit where a
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
1. The value of ⋅ + ⋅ + + ⋅ ... ∞ is
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (a) e1–a (b) e–1

1 (c) e–2a (d) e–2

(a) (b) 2
π π ln ( x 2 + e x )
7. L e t f ( x) = . If lim f ( x) = l and
3 4 ln ( x 4 + e 2 x ) x →∞
(c) (d)
π π lim f ( x) = m, then sin–1 l + cos–1 m =
x →−∞
x2
  x  
a
2. lim cos  2π    a ∈ R
(a) p/2 (b) p
x →∞
   1 + x    (c) p/4 (d) –p/2
(a) e –p2a2
(b) e –2p2a2
(c) ep2a2 2p2a2
(d) e 8. If {x} represents the fractional part of x. The value of
1
π
sec2
 π  2 − bx  1
 { x}
3. lim  sin 2   1 + { x}{ x}

x →0
 2 − ax  lim  
x →0 e
a2 a2 b2 b2
 
− −
(a) e b2
(b) e b2
(c) e a2 (d) e a2
(a) –1 (b) 0
4. If a, b are two distinct real roots of the equation ax3 + (c) 1 (d) Does not exist
x – 1 – a = 0, (where a ≠ –1, 0 and a, b ≠ 1) then
(1 + a ) x 3 − x 2 − a f −1 (8 x) − f −1 ( x)
lim 1−αx 9. If f(x) = 8x3 + 3x, then lim is
1 (e
is equal to x →∞ x1/3
x→ − 1)( x − 1)
α
1
(a) a2 – b2 (b) a(a – b) (a) 1 (b) 2
2 3
a (α − β)
(c) (a – b) (d) 1/3
1
α (c) 2 − 1 (d)
2 2 4
 n! 
5. Let Tn =   , 4
 1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7...(2n + 1)  1−
1 1 1 1
+ + +
then nlim(T1 + T2 + T3 .........Tn ) f ( x) f (2 x) f (3 x) f (4 x)
→∞ 10. lim where f(x) = 1 – x2
4 x →0 x2
(a) does not exist (b) is less than
27
4 (a) 30 (b) 60
(c) is greater than (d) None of these
27 (c) 0 (d) Does not exist
 11.
= If P lim [tan −1 x] + 2[1 − tan −1 x]2 + [(tan −1 x) 2 ] 18. Let f be a polynomial function satisfying f(x2) – xf(x)
x → tan 3 = x4(x2 – 1) ∀ x ∈ R+, which of the following is correct?
Q
and = lim [tan x] + [(tan x) 2 ] + [tan x]2 (a) f is an even function
x → tan −1 3−
(b) f is an odd function
then {P/Q} is (where [∙] is G.I.F. and {∙} is fractional
part of x) f ( x)
(c) lim 3 = 1
x →∞ x
(a) 0 (b) 1/28 (c) 1/14 (d) 1/7
f ( x)
sin{x} − {x} (d) lim  2 − x  exists and is equal to a non-zero
12. If f ( x) = ({∙} is fractional part of x) and x →∞
 x 
( x 2 + bx + c)3
quantity
f(1+), f(2+) are non-zero finite number then 2c + b
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 2
COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
1  a2 + x2 π π 
13. lim
x →a ( a 2 − x 2 ) 2
 + cos (a + x) − cos  (a − x)  Comprehension (Q. 19 to 20):
 ax 2 2 
where a = 2m + 1, m ∈ I Let f ( x) = lim (1 − sinx + n esinx) n , n ∈ N
n →∞

πa 2 + 1 π2 a + 2 2   sinx   2sinx   3sinx  11sinx  

(a) (b) =a lim    +  +  +………+  
16a 8a 11 x → 0  x   x   x   x 
π2 a 2 + 4 π2 a 2 + 4  
(c) (d)  x2 
16a 4 32a 4 b = lim  
x →0   tanx  
  x  − cosx 
x
 ( x + 1) x 
14 lim  x  =   
x →∞
 x ⋅e 
Note: [k] denotes greatest integer function less than or

(a) e1/2 (b) e–1/2 (c) e–1 (d) e2
equal to k.
4
 2
 sin x 19. The value of (a + b) is equal to
 (1 + x) x 
15. lim  2  (a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 12
 e
x→0

  20. Number of integral values of λ so that the equation
(a) e4 (b) e–4 (c) e8 (d) e–8 bx2 – b2x + l = 0 has roots a, b such that 1 < a < 2 and
n 2 < b < 3 is
üax +
16. ü is equal to (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
x →∞xn + A
(a) an if n ∈ N Comprehension (Q. 21 to 23):
(b) ∞ if n ∈ Z – and a = A = 0 Let f(x) = max {p, q, r}, where
1
(c) if n = 0 α n sinx + α − n cosx
1+ A p = lim lim
(d) an if n ∈ Z–, A = 0 and a ≠ 0 n →∞ α→1+ αn + α−n
17. If a is the root of the equation x – tan x = 3 where
α n sinx + α − n cosx
 π 3π  q = lim lim
α ∈  ,  ; then which of the following is/are correct?, x →∞ α→1− αn + α−n
2 2 
(where [.] denotes the greatest integer function and {.} π  π 2π ( n − 1) π  . Then
= r lim 1 + cos + cos +…+ cos 
fractional part function). n →∞ 4n  2n 2n 2n 
max(tan x,{x})  21. The value of p is
(a) lim+   =1
x →α  x−3  (a) 2|sin x| (b) |cos x|
min(tan x,{x}) 
(b) lim+   =1 (c) |sin x| (d)
1
x →α  x−3  2
 min(tan x,{x})  1
(c) lim−  =0 22. The value of q + r − is
x →α  x−3  2
 max(tan x,{x})  (a) |cos x| (b) 2|cos x| – 1
(d) lim−   =1
x →α  tan x  (c) |sin x| + 1 (d) |sin x| + |cos x|
P Limits 235
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 23. Range of f (x) is  1

1   e − (1 + x) x  where [.] denotes greatest
(a) [0, 1] (b)  ,1 31. The value of lim
 x →0 tan x 
2   
 1  1  integer function is
(c)  ,1 (d)  , 2 
 2  2 
n
 5  4 
Comprehension (Q. 24 to 25): If the sequence is defined by 32. If f ( x ) = ∑  x −   x −  , then nlim f (0) is equal
λ=1  λ  λ +1 →∞
a1 = 0 and an+1 = an + 4n + 3, n ≥ 1.
to
24. an is
(a) 2n2 + n + 3 (b) 2n2 + n
ln cosec( xπ) 0 < x < 1
(c) 2n2 – n – 3 (d) 2n2 + n – 3 33. If f ( x) =  and
ln sin(2 xπ) 1 < x < 3 / 2
an + a4 n + a42 n + a43 n + ... + a410 n
25. Value of lim 2 f ( x) + 1
n →+∞
an + a2 n + a22 n + a23 n + ... + a210 n g ( x) = then find tan–1 (g(1–)) + sec–1 (g(1+)).
3 f ( x) + 1
(a) 683 (b) 783 (c) 883 (d) 863
 λ2 λ2 
NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS 34. If k lim sec −1 
= −  exists, then the minimum
x →1
 ln x x − 1 
26. If lim f ( x ) exists and is finite and non-zero and value of [|l|] is ________ (where [.] denotes the greatest
x →∞

 3 f ( x) −1  integer function)
lim  f ( x ) + =3 , then the value of
x →∞  f 2 ( x )  35. Let x1, x2, x3 are roots of equation (x – 1)(x – 8)(x – 31)

3
lim f ( x ) is equal to
x →∞
= 1. Then find the value of ∑ lim lim(cos(π.n !.x ))
i =1
m →∞ n →∞
i
m

 x − 1, x ≥1  x + 1, x>0 36. Below is the graph of the function f:

27. I f f ( x ) =
= 2
, g ( x)  2
2 x − 2, x < 1 − x + 1, x ≤ 0 3
(
and h ( x ) = x , then lim f g ( h ( x ) ) is equal to
x →0
) 2

 1 − cosx cos2 x 1 + cos3 x + 3cos 2 x + 3cosx  1

28. lim  +3  is
x →0  2 
x cosx + 63
 
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
equal to –1

29. lim 
 −1
sin x − tan −1 x 84 xtan
+
−1
2 −1 ( )  is equal to y = f(x) –2
x →0  x3 sinπx 
  –3
 (−1)  x 
2

if x<0 Compute the following limits


30. Let f ( x) =  1
 lim if x ≥ 0. (i) lim
x→2
f ( x) (ii) xlim
→−3
f ( f ( x))
 n →∞1 + x n
(iii) lim f ( f ( x)) (iv) lim f (2sec x)
Then lim 5 f ( x ) + lim 7 f ( x ) equals x →0 x →0
x → 0− x → 0+ 2
(v) lim( f ( x))
(where [.] represents greatest integer function) x→2

236 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 Exercise-2 (JEE Advanced Level-2)

SINGLE CORRECT QUESTIONS 7. Suppose that circle of equal diameter are packed tightly
2
in n rows inside an equilateral triangle. (The figure
ex + x 2 illustrates the case n = 4.) If A is the area of the triangle
1. Let f: R → (0, ∞) be such that f (x) + ≤ ex + ex ∀ and An is the total area occupied by the circles in n rows,
f (x) An
x > 0, then lim f (x) is then lim equals
x →1 x →∞ A
1
(a) 1 (b) (c) e (d) 2e
e
2. Consider P(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, c, ∈ R and P(b) =
9. let x1 & x2 be the roots of the eqn P(x) = 0. If x1 → ∞ and
x
 P(x) 
P'(c) = 5, then lim   is π 2π π 3π
x →∞ 5(x − 1)
  (a) (b) (c) (d)
1
3 3 2 3 2
(a) 1 (b) e 5
 4 π  4 π   4 π 
8. If Sn =
1 − tan 3  1 − tan 4  ....... 1 − tan n 
4 2  2  2   2 
(c) e 5 (d) e 5 The value of lim Sn , is
n →∞
−1 −a
cot (x log a x) π 3
π3
3. The value of lim (a > 1) is equal to (a) (b)
x →∞ sec −1 (a x log a)
x 4 16
(a) 1 (b) 0 π3 π3
(c) (d)
π 32 256
(c) (d) Does not exist
2
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT
xn
4. If x1 = 3 and x n +1 = "n ∈ N, then QUESTIONS
1 + 1 + x 2n
n 9. If f (x) = |x – 1| – [x], where [x] is greatest integer less
lim 2 x n equals to
n →∞ than or equal to x, then
3 2 2π 3π (a) f(1 + 0) = –1, f(1 – 0) = 0
(a) (b) (c) (d) (b) f(1 + 0) = 0 = f(1 – 0)
2π 3π 3 2
5. Let (c) lim f ( x ) exists
x →1
1 π 1 π 1 π 1  π 

=S tan + 2 tan + 3 tan + ... + n tan  n +1  . (d) lim f ( x ) does not exist
2 4 2 8 2 16 2 2  x →1
If lim S = L , then the value of ‘L’ is equal to
n →∞ ((
10. Let f(x) = | x |, g(n, x) = sin π [ n ] + [ n ]
2
)
1/ x
)
1 3
(a) (b)  e x + e 2x + e3x 
A π ln  
h(x) = 
3  , then (where [.] represent
2 x
(c) (d) None of these
π greatest integer function)
6. If
(a) lim lim f(g(n, h(x))) =1
 x (1 − cos t) dt  x (2 − cos 2t) dt  .....  x (n − cos nt) dt  n →∞ x → 0
∫  ∫  ∫ 
lim  0
 0  0  (b) lim lim f(g(n, h(x))) does not exist
x →0 xm n →∞ x → 0

(c) lim lim g(n, h(x)) does not exist

exist and has the value equal to 20, where m, n ∈ N, then n →∞ x → 0
the value of n is
(d) lim lim g(n, h(x)) =1
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 n →∞ x → 0

P Limits 237
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  π  sin α  2− x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
11. If α, β∈  − ,0  such that ( sin α + sin β ) + =0 16. Consider, f (x)  and
 2  sin β
 x − 2 − x, 1 < x ≤ 3
sin α
and ( sin α + sin β ) = −1 and  π
sin β  sin x − 1, 0≤x< ,
g(x) = 
2 where [k]
1 + ( 2sin α )
2n

λ =lim , then [ x ] − cos ( x − 2 ) , π

≤x≤π
( 2sin β ) 
2n
n →∞
2
π denotes greatest integer function of k. Identify the correct
(a) α = − (b) l = 2
6 statement(s).
π lim− g(f{g(x)}) = 0
(c) α = − (d) l =1 (a) lim+ g(f (x)) = −1 (b) π
3 x →1 x→
2
n
 x
( ) f (g(x)) 1 g(f (x)) 1
n
12. Let f (x)
= lim  cos  , g(x)
= lim 1 − x + x n e (c) lim+ = (d) lim+ =
n →∞
 n 
n →∞ x →2 f (x) − 2 2 x →0 (f (x) − 2) 2
2
and h(x) = tan–1(g–1f–1(x)), then 17. A right angled triangle has legs 1 and x. The hypotenuse
ln ( f (x) )1
(a) lim+ = − (b) g(x) > 0 is y and the angle opposite to the side x is q, as shown in
x → 0 ln ( g(x) ) 2
the figure
π π
(c) 0 < f(x) ≤ 1 (d) − < h(x) <
2 2 y
13. If f(x) = sin x + cos x, [x] is the greatest integer function, then x
(a) lim [ f (x) ] = 0 q
x →0 − 1
(b) lim f ( x )=
 1( n ∈ I ) then which of the following may be correct
–
x →( 2nπ+π /2 )

(c) lim f ( x=

) 0, ( n ∈ I )
(a) lim
θ→
π
( y− x = )
0 (b) limπ ( y − x ) =
0
θ−
2
x →2nπ 2

(d) Range of f(x) is {–2, –1, 0, 1} 2

(
2
(c) limπ y − x =1 ) 3 3
(d) limπ y − x =∞ ( )
1 − cos {x} θ→
2
θ→
2
14. Let f (x) =
(x )
2
4
+ Px 3 + Qx 2 + Rx 18. Let f:N→R and g:N→R be two functions and
=
and a lim
= f (x), b lim
= f (x), c lim+ f (x) , where f(a) = 0.8, g(a) = 0.6 and
+ +
x →1 x →2 x →3
a, b and c are non zero finite number, then ({.} represents f(n+1) = f(n) cos(g(n)) – g(n) sin(g(n)) and
fractional part function.) g(n+1) = f(n) sin (g(n)) + g(n) cos(g(n)) ∀ n ≥1,
1 then which of the following is/are correct?
(a) lim+ f (x) = (b) P + Q + R = – 1
x →0 72
19 (a) lim f (n) = −1 (b) lim g(n) = −1
(c) a + b + c = (d) lim+ f (x) = 0 n →∞ n →∞
72 x →4
(c) lim f (n) = 0 (d) lim g(n) = 0
15. Let {xn}, {yn}, {zn} be the sequences such that n →∞ n →∞

(i) xn + yn + zn = (2n + 1) 19. Let k ∈N and a∈R+ (a ≠ 1), then

(ii) xnyn + ynzn + znxn = (2n – 1)  n −1
 1 n +1 
(iii) xnynzn = –1 lim n k  a n − 1  −  is equal to
n →∞
  n n + 2 
(iv) xn > yn > zn
then which of the following is/are correct (a) 0 if k ∈{1, 2}
xn 1 xn (b) –ln a if k = 3
(a) lim = (b) lim =2
n →∞n 2 n →∞ n
(c) non-existent if k ≥ 4 and a ∈(0,1)
z z
(c) lim n = 0 (d) lim n = 2
n →∞ n n →∞ n (d) non-existent if k ≥ 4 and a > 1

238 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 20. Let {Pn} be a sequence of points determined as in the
 f (x) − n 
figure then find the value of lim 
P4 4 P3
n →∞ n (n + 2) 
3
 (f (x)) 2 − 
2  4 
P2 [Note: [y] denotes the greatest integer less, than or equal
1
1 P1 to y.] is equal to
8
25. The value of

2x1/2 + 3x1/3 + 4x1/4 + ………+ nx1/n

lim

P5 x →∞ (2x − 3)1/2 + (2x − 3)1/3 + ……+ (2x − 3)1/n
Thus |AP1| = 1, |PnPn+1| = 2n–1 and angle APnPn+1 is a right is equal to α, then α4 is equal to

angle. Then the Lim ∠Pn APn +1 equals to 26. In a DABC, angles A, B, C are in AP. Then
n →∞
π π 3 − 4sin A sin C
(a) (b) lim
is equal to
6 4 A →C |A −C|
π 5π
(c) (d) 27. If a and b are positive numbers and
3 12 1
(1 + a 3 ) + 8e x
INTEGER TYPE lim
1
= 2 , then the value of a2 + b2 is
x →0
2
21. Let f : R→R be a continuous odd function which vanishes 1 + (2 + b + b )e x

1 equal to
exactly at one point and f (1) = , suppose that
2 28. Through a point A on a circle, a chord AP is drawn & on
x
the tangent at A, a point T is taken such that AT = AP.
F(x)

= ∫ f (t)dt
−1
∀ x ∈[−1, 2] If TP produced meet the diameter through A at Q, if the
limiting value of AQ when P moves upto A is l times
x
the diameter of the circle, then the value of l is equal to
=
and G(x) ∫ t | f (f (t)) | dt
−1
∀x ∈ [−1, 2] .
29. The value of
F(x) 1 1 n
If lim = , then the value of 2f   is equal to n.1 + (n − 1)(1 + 2) + (n − 2)(1 + 2 + 3) + …. + 1 ⋅ ∑ r
x →1 G(x) 14 2 n =1
lim 4
22. The number of roots of the equation
n →∞ n

 
a
 mx   π is equal to (where a and b in its lowest form),
lim cos −1 sin  tan −1     = b
m →∞
   mx − 3mx + m − 1 − x    6
2
then (a + b) is euqal to
is/are equal to 30. Let tan (2p|sin q| = cot (2p|cos q|), where q ∈ R and f(x)
23. A, B and C be three distinct values such that  2 
= (|sin q| + |cos q|)x. Then the value of Lim  .
x →∞ f (x) 
sin A + sin B + sin C cos A + cos B + cos C  
= = 2

sin (A + B + C) cos (A + B + C) [Note: [] represents greatest integer function.] is equal to

and cos (A + B) + cos (B + C) + cos (C + A) = a, COMPREHENSION TYPE

x 2 − α2 Comprehension I
then the value of lim is equal to Let there are two function defined here.
x →α x−α + x − α
sin x x ≠ nπ
24. If f : (0, ∞) → N and f (x) = 

 2 x = nπ
 x 2 + x + 1   4x 2 + x + 2   9x 2 + x + 3 

f (x) = + + 
 x 2 + 1   2x 2 + 1   3x 2 + 1   x 2 + 1 x ≠ 0, x ≠ 2

f ( x ) =

= 4 x 0
 n2x2 + x + n 
+... + 
,n ∈ N ,  6 x=2
 nx 2 + 1  
P Limits 239
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 x →0
( )
31. lim g f ( x ) is equal to 34. lim
T(x)
is equal to
x →0 x3
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) None of these 1 1
(a) (b)
2 3
( )
32. lim f f ( x ) is equal to
x →1 1 1
(a) sin 1 (b) sin, sin 1 (c) (d)
4 8
(c) 1 (d) None of these
n s(x)
35. lim is equal to
33. ∑ x →i lim {g ( x ) − 1} is equal to, where {x} is the x →0 x
+
i =1
fractional part of real x. 1
(a) 0 (b)
(a) 0 (b) n, n ∈ N 2
(c) 1 (d) None of these (c) 1 (d) None of these
Comprehension II T(x)
A circular arc of radius 1 subtends an angle of x radians as 36. lim is equal to
x →0 s(x)
shown in figure. The center of the circle is O and the point C is
the intersection of two tangent lines at A and B. Let T(x) be the 1 3
area of triangle ABC and let s(x) be the area of shaded region. (a) (b)
4 4
3
(c) (d) 0
2

MATRIX MATCH
37. Match the column

Column-I Column-II
A. p.
( )
lim cos 2 π ( 3 n 3 + n 2 + 2n − n ) , where n is an integer, equals
1
n →∞
2
B. q.
lim n sin ( 2π 1 + n 2 ) ( n ∈ N ) equals 1
n →∞
4

C. r. p
 (n + 1)π 
lim ( −1) sin ( π n 2 + 0.5n + 1 )  sin  is (where n∈N)
n

n →∞  4n 
D. s. 0
( )
lim cos π ( n 2 + n ) , where n is an integer is
n →∞

t. Does not exist

(a) A–(r), B–(q), C–(s), D–(p)
(b) A–(s), B–(r), C–(p), D–(s)
(c) A–(r), B–(q), C–(s), D–(p)
(d) A–(q), B–(r), C–(p), D–(s)

240 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
38.
Column-I Column-II
1
 3(n!)  n e2
A. lim  3n  = p.
n →∞  n  4

1
 (n!)3 n
B. lim  3n − n  = q. e–3
n →∞  n e
 
1
 (n!) 2  n
C. lim  2n  = r. 0
n →x  n 
 
1
 n 2n  n
D. lim   = s. e–2
n →∞  (2n)! 
 
t. e2

(a) A–(r), B–(s), C–(s), D–(p)

(b) A–(q), B–(p), C–(r), D–(q)
(c) A–(r), B–(q), C–(s), D–(p)
(d) A–(q), B–(s), C–(p), D–(r)

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-1 (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL-1)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (a)
10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (a,b,c,d) 17. (a,b,c,d)
18. (b,c) 19. (d) 20. (a) 21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. [1]
27. [0] 28. [2] 29. [11] 30. [12] 31. [1] 32. [20] 33. [0] 34. [1] 35. [0]
36. (i) DNE (ii) –1 (iii) – 2 (iv) 2 (v) 4

EXERCISE-2 (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL-2)

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a, c, d)
10. (a, c) 11. (a, b) 12. (a, b, c, d) 13. (a, b ) 14. (a, b, c, d) 15. (b, c) 16. (b, d)
17. (a, b, c, d) 18. (a, d) 19. (a, b, c, d) 20. (c) 21. [1] 22. [2] 23. [2]
24. [2] 25. [4] 26. [1] 27. [2] 28. [2] 29 [25] 30. [0] 31. (b) 32. (b)
33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (a) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (a)
P Limits 241
W
  EXPLANATION
EXERCISE-1 (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL-1)   x a 
2 π   −1
  1 a 
2 π   −1
lim cos   1+ x   lim cos   1+ t  
⇒ l e= e t →0
2
t2
= x →∞ 1/ x
1 1
1. (b) Let = cos θ ⇒ cos=
θ
2 2 1
Let =t
x
1 1
Now cosq × + cos θ …
2
π   π 
2 sin 2  sin 
2 2 lim −
(1+ t ) a 
lim − 2  
(1+ t )a  


⇒ l e= e
2
1 1 1 1
= t →0 t t →0  t 
+ cos=
θ (1 + cos θ=
) 2 cos 2 θ /=
2 cos 2 θ / 2
2 2 2 2
2
  π  − na 
 cos   a +1 
(1+ t ) a  ( t +1)
lim( −2)   
\ cosq × cos 2 θ / 2 … ⇒ l e= e −2 π a
= t →0 
 1  2 2

cos θ cos θ cos θ π

= cosq × × 2 × 3 …∞  π 
sec2
2 − bx
2 2 2 3. (a) Given let l = lim  sin  (1∞ form)
∞
cos θ x →0
 2 − ax 
=∏ k

k =0 2
 π  2  π  
lim  sec2   sin   −1

l = e x →0  2 − bx    2 − ax  

cos θ
n

∏

k =0 2
n
, sinq = 2sinq/2 cosq/2

 π 
lim sec2  2 π 
×− cos  
= e x →0  2 − bx   2 − ax 

= 2⋅2 sinq/4 cosq/4 cosq/2 lim −

cos 2 ( π / 2 − ax )
cos 2 ( π / 2 − bx )
=e
x →0

θ n θ   (L’H Rule)
= 2n sin n  ∏ cos k 
2  k =0 2   n 
2 cos  ⋅sin 
 2 − ax 
 n  πa

 2 − ax  (2 − ax )2
 π 
− sin  
lim a2  2 − ax 
− lim
n
cos θ cos θ sin θ x →0  π   π  πb b2 x→0 − sin  π 
∏
k =0 2
k
=
 θ  = e= e
2 cos   sin  ×
 2 − bx   2 − bx  (2 − bx )2  
 2 − bx 

2n sin  n 
2  −
a2

=e
b2
n
cos θ cos θ sin θ
⇒ lim ∏ k = lim
n →∞ 2 n →∞  θ  4. (d) a(x3 – 1) + (x – 1) = 0
k =0
2n sin  n 
2  (x – 1)(ax2 + ax + a + 1) = 0
cos θ sin θ α, β ≠ 1 so, α, β are roots of
= lim
n →∞  θ   θ  ax2 + ax + a + 1 = 0
sin  n  ×  n 
2n 2  2  a +1
 θ  α + β = −1, αβ =
 n a
2 
(1 − a ) x 3 − x 2 − a ( x 3 − x 2 ) + a ( x 3 − 1)
cos θ sin θ 1 π Lt = Lt

= , where=
cos θ and θ
= x →1/ α (e1−αx − 1)( x − 1) x →1/ α (e1−αx − 1)( x − 1)
θ 2 4
1 1 | x 2 + a ( x 2 + x + 1) |
× = Lt

= = 2 2 2 x →1/ α (e1−αx − 1)

π π
4 (1 + a ) x 2 + ax + a
= Lt
x →1/ α  e1−αx − 1 

   x a  
x
  (1 − αx)
2. (b) Given, Let l = lim cos  2π   1 − αx 
   (a form)
∞
 1 + x
     
x →∞
 1 + a  2 
 a  x + (1) x + 1
 
= Lt a  
   x a  
lim cos  2 π   −1 x 2
  1+ x   
x →∞ 
l=e     x →1/ α (1 − αx)

242 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 (αβx 2 − (α + β) x + 1) 11. (c) tan–1 tan 3 = 3 – p = –.14
= Lt a
x →1/ α (1 − αx) So P = –1 + 2(a) + 0 = 1

Q = 2 + 8 + 4 = 14
(1 − αx)(1 − βx) a (α − β)
= = Lt a
x →1/ α (1 − αx) α sin{x} − {x}
12. (b) f ( x) =
2 2
( x 2 + bx + c)3
1 T2  2  T3  3 
5. (b)=
=, T1  =,   ... sin{x} − {x}
9 T1  5  T2  7  lim 2
( x + bx + c)3
x →1+
1
4 sin{1 + h} − {1 + h}
Hence, ∑ T1 < 9 = lim
1 27 2
h → 0+ ((1 + h) + b(1 + h) + c )
3
1−
4
sin h − h
1/ t lim 2
 1  
a
1 h → 0+ ( h + (b + 2) h + 1 + b + c )
3
Let = t lim
6. (a) =    + sin t 
n t → 0
 1 + t  
 h3 h5 h 7 
 1 
a
  h + + − … − h
3 5 7 
lim+  2
  + sin t −1 1− (1+ t )a sin t 
 1+ t   lim  + 
3
t t  h → 0 ( h + (b + 2) h + 1 + b + c )
lim= e= e1− a
t →0 
e t 

t →0

 x2  for it to finite
x + ln 1 + x 
=7. (a) l lim =  e  1 1 + b + c = 0 …(i)
x →∞  x  2
4
sin{x} − {x}
2 x + ln 1 + 2 x  lim 2
 e  ( x + bx + c)3
x → 2+
let x = –t
sin{2 + h} − {2 + h}
 e−t  lim+
2 ln t + ln 1 + 2  2
h → 2 ((2 + h) + b(2 + h) + (1 + c ))
3

 t  1
= m lim
=
t →∞  e −2t  2 sin h − h
4 ln t + ln 1 + 4  = lim+ 2 3
t  h → 0 ( h + (4 + b) h + 4 + 2b + c )

1
Similarly here 4 + 2b + c = 0 …(ii)
 1
h
 1+ hh  By solving (i) and (ii) we get b = –3, c = 2
8. (d) lim  
 e
h →0
 2c + b = 2(b) – 3 = 1
 
RHL = 0 13. (c) Let x = a + h
LHL = 2/e  a 2 + x 2 − 2ax + 2ax ( x − a ) 2 
−1 −1  = + 2
f (8 x) f ( x)  ax ax 
9. (a) − 1/3 = L1 – L2
x1/3 x
x 1 1 1  h2 
So
= L2 lim
= = lim 2  +
h → 0 h (2a + h) 2
x →∞ ( f ( x))1/3
 3 
1/3
2  a ( a + h) 
f ( x ) →∞
lim  8 + 2 
x →∞
 x    aπ   π 
 2sin    sin(a + h)  
f −1 ( x) 2  2  2
and
= L1 lim
= 2 L2 lim  2 − 
x →∞ ( x / 8)1/3 h → 0 h (2a + h) 2 2
h (2a + h) 2
 
10. (a)  
  
 1   1 
 − 1 +  − 1   πh  
1− x
2
  1 − (2 x)
2
  1 − cos   
1 2  2 
+ lim 
 1   1  4a 4 h →0 (2a + h) 2  h2 
+ − 1 +  − 1
 1 − (3 x ) 2
  1 − (4 x ) 2
  
lim  
x →0 x2
2  π2  1 π2 1
4⋅5⋅9 = 2 
=  + 4
= 12 + 22 + 32= + 42 = 30 4a  4  2 16a 2
4a
6
P Limits 243
W
  ( x + 1) x  x + 1  x 1  1  x 1 1   n 3n 
14. (b)  x 17. (d) a is root of x-tanx = 3 ⇒ ∝ – 3 = tana∈  , 
=  ⋅ =1 +  ⋅ =e ⋅ =1 2 2 
 x ⋅ e  x  e  x  e e   n 5n 
if a∈  , 
  1 x 
 1+  −1  2 4 
 x 
lim x 
x →∞
 e 

Max (tanx, {x}) = {x}
 
=e

  Min (tanx, {x}) = tanx
 5n n 
When a∈  ,  then
1 
 ln(1+t ) −1
e t  −1

= e=t →0 t
lim
e −1/2  4 2

max (tanx, {x}) = tanx and min(tanx,{x}) = {x}
4
 2
ln(1+ x )−2  sin x 18.(b, c) f(x2) – xf(x) = x4(x2 – 1)
15. (b) lim  e x

x→0 xf(x2) – x2f(x) = x ∙ x2((x2)2 – x2)
 
f ( x 2 ) f ( x)
lim
  ln(1+ x )  
4  2 x −1 
e −1 2
− = ( x 2 )2 − x 2
x →0 sin x 
  x x
=e

 

f ( x2 ) f ( x) f ( x4 )
 2 ln(1+ x ) −1 
2
− ( x 2 ) 2= − x 2= − ( x 4 ) 2 ...
lim
 
4 e  x  −1 

 × 2  ln(1+ x ) −1 x x x4
x →0 sin x   ln(1+ x )  
 
 x 
 2 −1 
=e   x  f ( x)

⇒ − x2 =k (has infinite solutions)
 x 2 
x
 x − +....... 
lim 8 2 − 1 ×
1 ⇒ f(x) – x3 – kx = 0 has infinite roots
x →0  x  sin x
  ⇒ f(x) = x3 + kx
=e

 

f ( x) f ( x)
−
8 Hence f is odd, = lim 3 1, lim 2 − x
x →∞ x x →∞ x
= e=

2
e −4
 k 
(ax + 1) n lim =  x + −= x 0
16. (a, b, c, d) lim x →∞
 x 
x →∞ xn + A
19.(19 to 20)
(a) If n ∈ N
( ) 
 sinx e1/ n −1
n Lim 
 
 1
=f ( x) e=
n→∞ 

esinx 
1/ n

a +  (a + 0) n
x
lim  = = an 2
x →∞
1+ n
A 1+ 0 × [ 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10] = 10
∴ a=
x 11
 
(b) If n ∈ Z & a = A= 0
−
 x 2   x2 
(ax + 1) n =
b Lim  =  Lim=   2
then lim x → 0   tan x   x →0  1 − cos x 
x →∞ xn + A   x  − cos x 
  
1
=lim =∞n ∈ Z −
x →∞ xn \ (a + b) = 12
(c) If n = 0 bx2 – b2x + l = 0
y
(ax + 1) n 2x2 – 4x + l = 0
then lim
x →∞ x n + A x
f(a) ⋅ f(b) < 0 O 1 2 3
1 1 (l – 2) (l) < 0

= lim =
1+ A 1+ A
x →∞ ⇒ l∈(0, 2) and
(d) If n ∈ Z− , A = 0 & a ≠ 0 f(b) . f(c) < 0
(l) (6 + l) < 0 ⇒ l∈(–6, 0)
(ax + 1) n
then lim Hence, no possible values of l.
x →∞ xn + A
20.(21 to 23)
(ax + 1) n
= lim α n | sin x | +α − n | cos x |
x →∞ xn p = lim lim+
n n →∞ α→1 αn + a−n
 1
= lim  a + 
x →∞
 x | sin x | +α −2 n | cos x |
= lim
= lim+ | sin x |
= (a + 0) = an
n n →∞ α→1 1 + α −2 n

244 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 q = lim lim−
α n | sin x | +α − n | cos x |
x →0
(
27. (0) lim f g ( h ( x ) ) )
n −n
n →∞ α→1 α +a
L.H.L. X → 0–
2n
α | sin x | + | cos x | lim− h( x) = 0+
lim
= lim | cos x | x →0
α 2n + 1
n →∞ α→1−
lim f ( g ( x))
π  π 2π (n − 1)π  x → 0+
=r lim 1 + cos + cos + ... + cos
n →∞ 4n 
 2n 2n 2n  then Lim+ g ( x ) = 1+
x →0

 π (n − 1)π  lim+ f ( x ) = 1 − 1 = 0
sin cos
π  4 4n  sin π π 1 x →1
= lim  =  = cos
n →∞ 4n
 π  4 4 2 R.H.L. x → 0+
sin
 4 n  lim+ h ( x ) = 0+
x →0
1
∴q+r− =| cos x | so lim+ f ( g ( x ) ) = 0
2 x →0

 1 L.H.L. = R.H.L. = 0
f ( x) = max | sin x |,| cos x |, 
 2 1 − cos x cos 2 x
28. (b) lim
 1 
x →0 x2
\ range of f(x)  , 1
 2  1 − cos 2 x cos 2 x
= lim
24. (d) Given an + 1 = an + 4n + 3, n ≥ 1
x →0
(1 + cos x )
cos 2 x x 2
⇒ a2 = a1 + 4 × 1 + 3 = 7 = (2 – 1) (2.2 + 3)
1 1 − cos 2 x cos 2 x
a3 = a2 + 4 × 2 + 3 = 18 = (3 – 1) (3.2 + 3) = lim ⋅ lim
\ an = (n – 1) (2n + 3) = 2n2 + n – 3
x →0
(1 + cos x cos 2 x ) x →0 x2

(n − 1)(2n + 3) + (4n − 1)(2.4n + 3) +…  1 + cos 2 x 

1−   cos 2 x
25. (a) lim 1  2 
x →∞
(n − 1)(2n + 3) + (2n − 1)(2.2n + 3) +… = lim
2
x →0 x2
1.2 + 4(2.4) + 42 − 2.42 +… 410 ⋅ 2.410

= 1 2 − cos 2 x − (cos 2 x) 2
1.2 + 2 ⋅ 2.2 +…+ 2 ⋅ 2.2 10 10 = lim
2 x →0 2x2
1 − (4)11 
  1 1
1.2  1 − 4  = lim − 2 ( cos 2 x + 2 )( cos 2 x − 1)

= 4 x →0 x
1.2 1 − 211 
  1 1 − cos 2 x
 1− 2  = lim ( cos 2 x + 2 ) ⋅ lim
4
x → 0 x → 0 x2
222 − 1 1 211 + 1
11 ×= = 683 (1 + 2 ) 2sin 2 x 3  sin x 
2
3
2 −1 3 3 = ⋅ lim = ⋅ 2 lim   =
2
4 x →0 x 4 x →0
 x  2
26. (a) lim f ( x ) exist and is finite and non zero
x →∞
3 1
 3 f ( x ) − 1 ⇒ limit = + = 2
lim  f ( x ) + 3 2 2
=
x →∞
 f 2 ( x ) 
  π
 sin −1 x − tan −1 x 84 x 8 
3 lim f ( x ) − 1 29. (11) lim  + 
⇒ lim f ( x ) + x →∞
3
= x →0
 x3 sin πx 
x →∞ 2 
 lim f ( x )   
 x →∞ 
 12 3   x3 x5 
Let lim f ( x) = A  x + 3! x +… −  x − 3 + 5 −…
x →∞
= lim     + 84
3A −1
x →0 x3 8
A+ = 3 ⇒ A=1
A
2
 1 1
x 3  +  + x 5 () +…….
lim  3! = 3 21
so lim f ( x) = 1 = + 11
x →∞ x →0 x3 2
P Limits 245
W
 = lim+ f ( 0 −=
30. (12) LHL h ) lim+ f ( −h ) \ tan–1(g(1–)) + sec–1(g(1+))
h →0 h →0
 2 f (1 ) + 1   2 f (1 ) + 1 
− +

= lim+ (−1)

 h2 
 
=1 = tan −1  f (1− )  + sec −1  f (1+ ) 
h →0
 3 + 1   3 + 1 
= lim+ f ( 0=
RHL + h ) lim+ f ( h )
h →0 h →0 = tan–1(0) + sec–1(a) = 0
 1  34. [1] x – 1 = t
= lim
= lim
+  h →∞  1

h →0  1 + hn 
⇒ x=1+t
1
 x 11 2   t − ln(1 + t ) 
31. (a)  (1 + x)=
x
e 1 − + x −…. then lim λ 2  
 2 24  t →0
 t ln(1 + t ) 
1
e − (1 + x) x  t2 t3 
Now
=  lim = lim t −  t − + ... 
x →0 tanx x →0  2 2 
= lim λ 2
 x 11 2 
t →0  t 2
t3 
e − e 1 − + x −….. t  t − + ... 
 2 24 =e  2 2 
3 5
x 2x 2
x+ + +….. λ2
3 15 = ≥1
2
n
 5  4  =|λ| ≥ 2
32. (20) f ( x ) = ∑  x − λ   x − λ + 1 
λ=1

35. (a) If x ∈ Q n !πx → multiple of p
 5 
n
4 
f (0) = ∑  −  −
λ =1  λ  λ

+1
cos(n!px) → ± 1
1 + 1 = 2
n  
20
⇒ f (0) =
∑   if x ∉ Q cos ( n !πx ) be any number between –1 and
λ=1  ( λ )( λ + 1) 
1 lim 1 + [ any no between − 1 and 1]2m  =
n
1 1  m→∞   1
) 20∑  −
⇒ f ( 0= 
λ=1 
λ λ +1 36. (i) DNE (ii) –1 (iii) –2 (iv) 2 (v) 4
 1 
⇒ f ( 0 ) = 20 1 −

 n +1 EXERCISE-2 (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL-2)
20n
⇒ f (0) =
SINGLE CORRECT QUESTIONS
n +1
20n 2
1. (a) (f (x)) 2 − (e x + e x )f (x) + e x .e x ≤ 0
2

Now lim f ( 0 ) = lim

n →∞ n →∞ n +1 2

20 20 (f (x) − e x )(f (x) − e x ) ≤ 0

= lim = = 20

n →∞ 1 1+ 0 2 2
e x ≤ f (x) ≤ e x ; ∀ x ∈ (0,1)
1+
n
2 2

ln(cosec( xπ)) 0 < x < 1 e x ≤ f (x) ≤ e x ; ∀ x ∈ (1, ∞)


33. (0) f ( x)  3 x x 2

 ln(sin(2 xπ)) 1 < x < 2

\ lim(e
= ) lim(e
= ) e
x →1 x →1

= f (1+ ) lim+ ln(sin(2 xπ)) Hence, lim f (x) = e by sandwich theorem.

x →1 x →1

= lim+ ln(sin(2π(1 + h))) 2. (c) If x1 → ∞, then a → 0

h →0
\ P(x) = bx + c
= lim+ ln(sin(2πh)) = −∞
h →0 Now, P(b) = 2b+c = 9 and P'(c) = b = 5 ⇒ c = –1
= f (1− ) lim− ln(cosec( xπ))  ⇒P(x)=5x–1
x →1
Now,
= lim+ ln(cosec(1 − h)π)
h →0 x  5x −1− 5x + 5  4
 5x − 1  ∞ lim  x
lim  (1 form) = e x→∞  =e
5x − 5  5
=lim+ ln(cosechπ) =∞ x →∞ 5x − 5

h →0  

246 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
  log x  1
cot −1  aa  S
    = − cot 2x ,
 x  2x
3. (a) I = lim
x →∞  ax  π
sec −1   put =
 log a x 
2
 log a x   ax 
\ S=
As  x a  → 0 and  →∞ π
   log a x  6. (b)
 sin 2x  sin 3x   nx − sin nx 
π π (x − sin x)  2x −   3x −  ......  
=
\ I = 1. lim  2   3   n  = 20
2 2 x →0 x m

4. (c) Let xn = tanqn  x − sin x 

  2 −
sin 2x 
3 −
sin 3x  
 ......  n −
sin nx 

3
lim  x  2x   3x   nx  = 20
Now,
x →0
x
(
m − 3+1
+1+
1
+......
+1
n −1
)
xn tan θn
tan θn +1 = x n +1 = = 1
1+ 1+ x 2
1 + 1 + tan 2 θn
⇒ .(1)(2)(3)(4)......(n − 1) =
20;  (m = n + 2)
n 6

tan θn sin θn θ n = 6

⇒ tan=
θn +1 = = tan n
1 + sec θn 1 + cos θn 2 7. (c) If L is the length of a side of the equilateral triangle,
then the area is
θn θn −1

⇒ θn +=
1 ⇒ θ=
n 3 2 4
2 2 A=
L and so L2 = A ...(i)
4 3
π π  2π 
Now, θ1= ⇒ θ n= n −1
⇒ x n= tan  n  Let r be the radius of one of the circle. When there
3 3.2  3.2  are n rows of circles, the figure shows that
n tan(2π / 3.2n ) 2π L= 3r + r + (n − 2)(2r) + r + 3r
⇒ lim 2 x n lim
=
= n
⇒
n →∞ n →∞ (1 / 2 ) 3 L r(2n − 2 + 2 3)
=
1 x π
( )
n
5. (c) S ∑=
= n
tan r −1 ; x L 2r n − 1 + 3
\ =
r =1 2 2 4
L
Since tan x = cot x – 2cot2x
⇒ r= ...(ii)
1 1
(
2 n −1+ 3 )

\ =tan x cot x − cot 2x n(n + 1)
2 2 The number of circles is 1 + 2 + ...+ n =
, and
2
1 x 1 x 1 so the total area of the circle is
=2
tan 2
cot − cot x
2 2 2 2 2
1
: :
: : 2
1 x 1  x  1 x 3
= n
tan n −1 n
cot  n −1  − n −1 cot n − 2
2 2 2 2  2 2
n
  x   r r
 cot  2n −1  
= S    − cot 2x 

\     3r r 2r 2r r 3r
 2n 
L
 1  x   n(n + 1) 2
= S  n cot  n −1  − cot 2x 
=An πr
      2  2   2
1 x 1  x    n(n + 1)π   L2 
lim S = ⋅ n −1 ⋅ cot  n −1  − cot 2x  =  2 

n →∞ 2 2 x 2    2   4 ( n + 3 − 1) 
 
P Limits 247
W
 n(n + 1)π 4A / 3 ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT
=
⋅ QUESTIONS
4 ( n + 3 − 1)
2
2
n(n + 1) πA 9. (a, d)
=
⋅
(n + 3 − 1)
2
2 3
A n(n + 1) π
=⇒ nlim lim ⋅
n

(n + 3 − 1)
2
→∞ n →∞ A 2 3 L.H.L
= lim f (1 − h)
h →0 −
 1
n 2 1 + 
 = n ⋅ π π = lim { 1 − h − 1 − [1 − h ]}
= lim
2 h →0 −
3 −1 2 3 2 3
n →∞

n 2 1 + 
 n  = lim { −h − [Value less than 1]}
8. (c) Here, h →0 −

 4 π  4 π   4 π 
= 0 – 0 = 0

Sn =
1 − tan 3 1 − tan 4  ... 1 − tan n 
 2  2   2  R.H.L
= lim f (1 + h)
h →0 +
 2 π 2 π  2 π 2 π 
 cos 3 − sin 3  cos 4 − sin 4  = lim { 1 + h − 1 − [1 + h ]}
 2 2  2 2 
h →0 +
 π π
...  cos 2 n − sin 2 n 

=  2 2  =

lim { h − [ Valuegreater than1]}
h →0 +
 4 π 4 π 4 π 
 cos 3 .cos 4 ...cos n  =lim {h − 1} =−1
 2 2 2  +
h →0
 π π  π 
 cos 2  .  cos 3  ...  cos n −1  Since limit doe not exist.
=
2  2   2 
 4 π 4 π 4 π  ∴Option (a) & (d) are correct Answer.
 cos 3 .cos 4 ...cos n 
 2 2 2  10. (a, c)
1 x

2 1  e x + e2 x + e3 x 
log 
⋅
f (g(n, h(x))) = sin π ([ n ] + [ n ] )
 3 
2
4 π
3
 π π π 
 cos 3 .cos 3 ...cos n −1  cos 2n
 2 2 2 

π π π
=
Let M cos 3 ⋅ cos 4 ...cos n −1
2 2 2 1

 π 
sin  2n −3 ⋅ n −1 
 π
sin  2 
lim f (g(n, h(x)) = sin π [ n ] + [ n ]

x →0
( 2 2
)
=  2  2 
=  1  
1/ 2
 π   π  [ ] 
n −3 n −3
2 ⋅ sin  n −1  2 ⋅ sin  n −1 
⇒ lim sin  π n 1 +
 [ ] 
 2  2  n →∞
  n  
1
3  π 1 π 
=
∴ S lim 2 × 2n −3.sin π  × 1 = lim sin  π [ n ] +
− ....  1
× =
n 3  n −1  n →∞
 2 [n ] 8 
n →∞
 1   2  cos n  π 
   n
 2 2   π 1 
= lim sin  π [ n ] + −
lim lim g(n, h(x)) + ... 
n →∞ x → 0 n →∞
 2 8[ n ] 
 π 
 sin 2n −1  π 1
does not exists as value can be 1 or –1.
lim 2. 
=  ⋅  × 11. (a, b)
 π   4  cos n  π 
n →∞

 2n −1   2n  (sina + sinb)2 =1 ⇒ sina + sinb = –1

3 3
π 1 π −1 −1
= 2
=⋅
⇒ sina = and sinb =
 4  1 32 2 2

248 JEE-Advanced–XII PW

a = b = –30° 13. (a, b)
2n
F (x) = sin x + cos x
1 + ( 2sin α )
λ = lim

x →∞ (2sin β) 2n sin x + cos x = 2 (x + π/4)
We have to check for every options as :
π
At α = β = − ,λ=2
6
12. (a, b, c, d) For : lim  f ( x )  means L.H.L
−
x →0
n n
 x    x 

f (x) =
lim  cos  lim 1 +  cos
= − 1 
n →∞  n n →∞   n 
    
 π 

lim  cos
x 
−1 n
1 x 
− lim 2sin 2   n
=
L.H.L lim  2 sin  + 0 − h  
e= e
=
n →∞ 
 n  n →∞
2 n  h →0 −  4 
2
1 x 
   π 
−2 lim 
2 n  1
x
lim  2 sin  − h  
=
n →∞ 1
−2 lim n
n →∞ 1
4 −
h →0   4 
= e = e= e − x / 2
n
n
( f(x) is equal to 1 at x = 1)
y = f(x) = e–x/2, x ≥ 0, range = (0, 1]
(e
1/n
) lim  2 × value less than1 / 2 
( )
−1

g(x) = lim 1 − x + x e

n
n
= e
lim x
n →∞ 1/ n
= e x ∀x ∈ R x →0 −
 
n →∞

h(x) = tan–1(g–1(f–1(x))) lim [Value less than 1] = 0

h →0 −
x 1 1 ∴ Option (a) is correct Answer.
⇒ − = ln y, x = 2ln , f–1(x) = 2ln 0 < x≤1

2 y x
y = g(x) = ex For Option (b):

lim [f (x)](n ∈ I)

⇒ x = ln y, g–1(x) = ln x  π
−
x → 2nπ+ 
1  2
−1    1 
or g  2ln  = ln  2ln    for 0 < x < 1
 x   x 
−1   1 
Or h(x) = tan  ln  ln   for 0 < x < 1
  x2  

ln f (x) −x / 2 1
lim = lim = −
x → 0+ ln g(x) x 2
x →0
 π π 
=L.H.L
lim  2 sin  + 2nπ + − h   ;n ∈ I
Domain h(x) is (0, 1) −
h →0  4 2 
h(x) = tan–1 (ln(ln 1/x2)) 0 < x < 1  π π 
= lim  2 sin  + 2nπ + − h   ;n ∈ I
\ Hence –∞ < ln(ln(1/x2)) < ∞
−
h →0  2 4 
y
5
  π 
= lim  2 cos  2nπ + − h   ;n ∈ I
−
h →0   4 

 π 
= lim  2 cos  − h  
−
h →0  4 

 1 
= lim  2 value greater than

−
h →0  2

0 = lim
= [ valuegreater than1] 1
0 1 2 3 7/2 6 x h →0 −

P Limits 249
W
 Option (c) :
1 − cos {x}
so f (x) =
x ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3)
2 2 2
  π  2
lim  2 sin  x +   ;

x →2nπ   4 
1 − cosh 1
lim f (x)= lim = = a
(1 + h ) h ( h − 1) ( h − 2 )
2 2 2
x →1+ h →0 2
8
1 − cosh
lim f (x) = lim
( 2 + h ) (1 + h ) ⋅ h 2 ( h − 1)
2 2 2
x → 2+ h →0

=L.H.L lim  2 sin(2nπ − h + π / 4)  ;n ∈ Integer
h →0 − 1 1 1
= ×
= =b
 2 4 8
π 
= lim  2 sin  − h   1 − cosh 1
−
h →0  4  lim+ f (x)
= lim = = c
( 3 + h ) ( 2 + h ) (1 + h ) .h 72
h →0 2 2 2 2
x →3

 1  19
=
lim  2 × value less than 
−
h →0  2
⇒ a+b+c=
72
= [Value less than 1] = 0 1 − cosh 1
=
lim+ f (x) lim
=
h (h − 1) (h − 2) ( h − 3)
2
x →0 h →0 2 2 2
72
  π 
R.H.L

= lim  2 sin  2nπ + + h   ;n ∈ Integer 15. (b, c)
+
h →0   4  Here xn, yn & zn will be the roots of
x3 – (2n + 1)x2 + (2n – 1)x + 1 =0
 π 
= lim  2 sin  + h  
+
h →0  4  so x = 1 or x =−
n n 2 + 1 or x =+
n n2 + 1
Given that xn > yn > zn
 1 
=  2 × value greater than



2 ( )
so x n =n + n 2 + 1 > ( y n =1) > z n =n − n 2 + 1 ( )
= [Value greater than 1] = 1 Now,

Hence, limit does not exist  1 

n 1 + 1 + 
xn n + n2 + 1  n2 

∴ Option (c) is not correct =lim
lim
= lim
n →∞ n n →∞ n n →∞ n
For D : y =
2 sin (x + π/4) = 2(B is correct)
 1 

⇒ si n (x + π/4) = y/ 2 n 1 − 1 + 2 
z n 

⇒ x + π/4 = sin–1 y/ 2 lim n = lim  = 0 (c) is correct
n →−∞ n n →−∞ n
16. (b, d)

⇒ x = sin–1y / 2 – π /4
(a) xlim g(f (x)) = lim− g(x)not defined
⇒ x to be defined if – 1 ≤ y/ 2 ≤ 1
→1+ x →0

⇒ so option (a) is wrong.

⇒ – 2 ≤y≤ 2 (b) lim− g(f=
(g(x))) lim−=
g(f (x)) lim
= g(x) 0
−
π x →0 x →2
x→
14. (a, b, c, d) 2

1 − cos {x} f (g(x))

We have f (x) = (c) lim+ =0
x 2 (x 3 + Px 2 + Qx + R) 2 x →2 f (x) − 2
According to question all limit exist so g(f (x)) 1 − cos x 1
(d) lim+= lim
=
x + Px + Qx + R = (x – 1)(x – 2) (x – 3)
3 2 2
x →0 + 2
(f (x) − 2) x →0 x 2
        = x – 6x + 11x – 6 3 2
17. (a, b, c, d)
P = –6, Q = 11, R = –6 ⇒ P + Q + R = –1 Here, y = sec q and x = tan q

250 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 (a) lim
θ→
π
( y=
− x lim ) θ→
π
( sec θ − tan θ )
⇒ a + g(a) + g(b) + ...+ g(n) < p

\ As n→∞, a + g(a) + g(b) + ... + g(n)→p
2 2
                 ...(ii)
1 − sin θ
= lim
lim
= f (n) lim cos(α + g(1) + g(2) + ... + g(n))
θ→
π
2
cos θ n →∞ n →∞
= cosp = –1
32
 cos θ  Similarly, g(n) = sin(a+g(a)+g(b)+..+g(n-1))
lim
= = 0 [using L ‘Hospital’s rule]
π  sin θ 
θ→  
2 Again, g(b) = sin(a+g(a))
1 − sin θ As, lim=
g(n) lim sin(α + g(1) + g(2) + ... + g(n − 1))
(b) lim (=
y − x ) lim ( sec θ −=
tan θ ) lim n →∞ n →∞
θ→
π
θ→
π
θ→
π cos θ = sin(p) = 0          [using eq (ii)]
2 2 2

cos θ 19. (a, b, c, d)

= lim
= 0 [using L ‘Hospital’s rule]
π sin θ
θ→
2
 a 1 n − 1  1   1 1/ 2  1  
1/ 2

lim n 
.  1 −
k
− 1 −  
 1 n  n   n   n + 2  
2
(c) lim y=
θ→
π
(
− x 2 lim sec 2 θ −=)
tan 2 θ 1
θ→
π
( ) n →∞
 
2 2
 1 1
n k −1 
3
(d) limπ y=
θ→
( )
− x 3 lim sec3 θ − tan 3 θ
π
θ→
( ) = ln a lim
− 
n+2 n
2 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
n →∞
 1  1 
3
1 − sin θ 1 − n  + 1 − n + 2 
= lim
   
θ→
π cos3 θ
2 1 n k −1 (−2)
−3sin θ cos θ sin θ 2 = ln a lim
lim
= = 2 n →∞ n(n + 2)
π −3cos 2 θ sin θ cos θ
θ→
2
Option A for k ∈{1,2} degree of denominator will
be greater so answer is 0.
          [using L ‘Hospital’s rule]
−2n 2
= lim tan θ = ∞
For k = 3 lim = −2
π n →∞ n 2 + 2n
θ→
2
For K ≥ 4 degree of Numerator is greater so the value
18. (a, d) Here, f(a) = 0.8 and g(a) = 0.6
n k −1 (−2)
(f(a)) + (g(a)) = 1 2 2 of → ∞
n(n + 2)

∴ Let f(a) = cosa and g(a) = sina, then 20. (c) Consider a general triangle
    f(b) = f(a)cos(g(a)) – g(a)sin(g(a)) Pn+1
= cosa.cos(g(a)) – sina.sin(g(a)) = cos (a +g(a))
Similarly, f(n+1) = cos (a + g(a) + g(b) + ... 2n–1
+ g(n))               ...(i)
q Pn
Here, for all x∈(0, p) A

sin x < p –x ⇒ x + sin x < p (APn+1)2 – (APn)2 = (PnPn+1)2 = (2n–1)2
Y put n = 1, 2, 3, ........., n
p   (AP2)2 – (AP1)2 = (P1P2)2 = 1
  (AP3)2 – (AP2)2 = (P2P3)2 = 22
  (AP4)2 – (AP3)2 = (P3P4)2 = (22)2
 
  (APn+1)2 – (APn)2 = (PnPn+1)2 = (2n–1)2
_________________________________
X
0 p
(APn +1 ) 2 − (AP1 ) 2

sin x y = p –x =1

P Limits 251
W
 =1 + 22 + (22 ) 2 + (23 ) 2 + ....... + (2n −1 ) 2
 mx   −1  π 
 22. [2] lim   = tan  sin  cos  
G.P. with common ratio 2 2 m →∞ 2
 mx − 3mx + m − 1 − x    6 
2n After taking m common from numerator and
2 −1 4n − 1
= =
2
denominator. We get
2 −1 3
x
4n − 1 4n + 2 = 3
2
∴ (APn +=
1 ) =+ 1 2
x − 3x + 1
3 3

⇒ x = 3(x2 – 3x + 3)
4n + 2
⇒ 3x2 – 10x + 3 = 0
⇒ (APn +1 ) =

3 1

⇒ x=3&
3
| Pn Pn +1 | 2n −1 2n 3
sin θ
Now= = = So, number of roots = 2
| APn +1 | 4n + 2 4 +2 2
n
23. [2] Let A + B + C = q
3
Hence cos (A + B) + cos (B + C) + cos (C + A)
2n
as n → ∞, =1 = cos (q – C ) + cos (q – A) + cos (q – B)
4n + 2
= cos θ.
∑ cos A + sin θ∑ sin A
3 π 2 cos q + 2 sin2q = 2
2

⇒=sin θ as n → ∞=
⇒ θ
2 3 so a = 2

INTEGER / NUMERICAL TYPE x2 − 4

lim
=2
21. [1]
x →2 x−2 + x − 2
F(x) 1 (after rationalizing and simplifying)
Here lim =
x →1 G(x) 14  x 2 + x + 1   4x 2 + x + 2 
=
24. [2] f (x)  2 + 
F′(x) 1  x + 1   2x 2 + 1 
lim
⇒  =         ...(i)
x →1 G′(x) 14  9x 2 + x + 3   n2x2 + x + n 

+  + ... +  
[using L ‘Hospital’ rule]  3x 2 + 1   nx 2 + 1 
x  x   x   x 
As, F(x) = ∫−1
f (t)dt = 1 +

  +  2 + 2  + 3 + 2 
x + 1 2
2x + 1   3x + 1 

⇒ F′(x) = f(x)   ...(ii)
 x 
+... +  n +

t f {f ( t )} dt nx + 1 
x
∫
2
and G(x) = 
−1

⇒ G′(x) = x|f{f(x)}|  x   x 
=1 + 2 + ... + n +

 x 2 + 1  +  2x 2 + 1 
F(x) F′(x) f (x)
\ lim
= lim
= lim
x →1 G(x) x →1 G′(x) x →1 x f {f (x)}  x   x 

+  3x 2 + 1  + .... +  nx 2 + 1 
1
f (1) x 1 1
= =
       2 for x > 0, = <
1 f {f (1)} 1 x +1 x + 1 2
2

f  x
2
x 1 1
     = <
F(x) 1 2x + 1 2x + 1 2 2
2
given that lim =
x →1 G(x) 14 x
1   
2 = 1 1 1 x 1 1
⇒f =      = <
 1  14 2 2 nx + 1 nx + 1 2 n
2
f 
2 x
252 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
  x   x   x   A−C

\  2 = = ...=  2 = 0 2 sin  
 x + 1   2x 2 + 1   nx + 1  3 − 4sin A sin C  2 
∴ lim lim
=
n(n + 1) A →C A−C A →C A−C
f (x) =

2  A−C
sin  
 f (x) − n  = lim  2 = 1= 1
Now, lim 
n →∞ n 3
(n + 2) = A →C A−C
 (f (x)) −
2
 2
 4 
1
 n(n + 1)
−n
 (1 + a 3 ) + 8e x
 2  27. [2] RHL lim
= = 1
2
      lim  2  x → 0+
n →∞ n (n + 1) 2 3
n (n + 2)  1+ (2 + b + b )e
2 x
 − 
 4 4 
⇒ 2 + b + b2 = 4

⇒ b2 + b – 2 = 0
 n2 − n + 1 
 
⇒ b=1
= lim  2 2
2  1
n →∞ n (n + 2n + 1)

3
n (n + 2)  (1 + a 3 ) + 8e x
 −  = LHL lim
= 2
 4 4  x → 0−
2
1
1 + (2 + b + b )e x

 n2 − n + 1 
⇒ 1 + a3 = 2 ⇒ a=1
 
lim
= =  2  2
2 AP
n →∞
 n  28. [2] cos(90° – q) =
  2r
 4 
AT = AP = 2r sinq    ....(i) = AT
25. [2]
2x1/2 + 3x1/3 + 4x1/4 + ……+ nx1/n  θ  AQ AQ
lim = now in DATQ tan  90 − = =
x →∞ (2x − 3)1/2 1/3
+ (2x − 3) + ……+ (2x − 3) 1/n
 2  AT 2r sin θ
 n −2 
θ
x1/2  2 + 3 / x1/6 + 4 / x1/4 + ……+ n / x 2n  (AQ) = 2r sinq.cot



 2
  θ
(2 − 3 / x)1/3 (2 − 3 / x)1/n  cos
x1/2 (2 − 3 / x)1/2 + + ……+  θ θ 2
x1/6 n −2
= 2r.2sin cos .
 x 2n  2 2 sin θ
2
=
[ 2 + 0 + 0 + ……+ 0] 2 = 4r as q → 0 = 2 × (diameter of the circle)
 2 + 0 + 0 + ……+ 0 
 
T 2r sinq A
26. [1] A, B, C are in AP
q

\ 2B = A + C 90°–q/2
q 90°–q
sin
and A + B + C = 180° P 2r
90°–q/2 90°

\ B = 60°
1 a 2 + c2 − b2
\ cos B=
= C
2 2ac

⇒ a2 + c2 = b2 + ac ⇒ (a – c)2 = b2 – ac
q/2
or sin A − sin C= sin 2 B − sin A sin C q
A+C  A−C 3
⇒ 2cos 
 sin  = − sin A sin C
 2   2  4
q/2
 A−C 3

⇒ 2 sin  = − sin A sin C
 2  4 Q
P Limits 253
W
 29. (24) COMPREHENSION TYPE
n
n.1 + (n − 1)(1 + 2) + (n − 2)(1 + 2 + 3) + …. + 1 ⋅ ∑ r Paragraph for Solution Nos. 31 to 33
n =1
lim 31. (b)
n →∞ n4
r lim = 2
g(f (x)) lim sin= x +1 1 ( )
Its rth term would be (n + l − r) ∑k x →0
x →0
k =1
∴ Option (b) is correct Answer.
n r
32. (b)
Hence lim
n →∞
∑ ( n + 1 − r ) ∑ k/n 4
lim f (f (x)) = lim sin(sin x)
r =1 k =1
x →1
x →1
n
r(r + 1) 4
= lim ∑ ( n + 1 − r ) ⋅ /n = sin (sin 1)
n →∞ r =1 2

∴ Option (b) is correct Answer.
 n  n + 1  2 1 n 3 2  4
= lim ∑ 
= n →∞  r 1 =
 2 
 r + r − lim (∑ r +r
n →∞ 2 r 1
) ( ) /n

33. (a)
i=n
 n + 1   n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1) 
+
∑ xlim
→i +
(g(x) − 1
 
 n   2  i =1

2
1  n 2 (n + 1) 2 n(n + 1)(2n + 1)  {g (x) – 1} = g (x) – 1 – [g (x) – 1]
− lim  + 
n →∞ 2  4 6 = g (x) – 1 – [g (x)] + 1
= lim  
n →∞ n4 = g(x) – [g (x)]
i=n
n 4 (1 + 1 / n)(1 + 1 / n)(2 + 1 / n) n 3 (1 + 1 / n) 2
lim
n →∞ 2 6 × n4
+ lim
n →∞ n4 × 4
∑ xlim
→i +
(g(x) − [g(x)])
i =1

 1  1
n 3 1 +  2 + 
1  n  n
lim
n →∞ 2 × 6 n4
= lim (g(x) − [g(x)]) + lim (g(x) − [g(x)]) +
1 1 1 1 1 x →1+ x →2+
= +0− −0= − = ………+ lim (g(x) − [g(x)])
6 8 6 8 24 x →n +

30. [0]
π  x →1 +
(
lim g ( x ) – g ( x )  )
tan(2p|sin q|) = tan  − cos θ 2π 
2 
= Use the definition of g(x) – 1 < [g (x)] ≤ g (x)
π
2p|sin q| = np +
2
– |cos q|2p lim ( g ( x ) – g ( x ) ) = 0
x →1+
π
2p(|sin q| + |cos q|) = np +
2 lim (g(x) − g(x))= 0………… lim (g(x) − g(x))= 0
+
n 1
x →2 x →n +
|sinq| + |cosq|= + ...(i)
2 4 i=n
n 1
since 1 ≤|sin q| + |cos q| ≤ 2; 1 ≤ + ≤ 2
Hence, ∑ xlim
→i +
(g(x) − 1) =
0
l=1
2 4
∴ Option (a) is correct Answer.
4 ≤ 2n + 1 ≤ 4 2
3 4 2 −1 Passage–II
≤ n ≤ ; Thus n = 2 is only possible value.
2 2 34. (d)
5
putting in (i) |sin q| + |cos q| = P
4 R
 4  x
x
=
g(x) lim = 2    0 O
x →∞
 5  Q

254 JEE-Advanced–XII PW
 1   1 2 1/3

T(x) = (PR)(RQ) sin(π – x) 
2 = lim n  1 +  + 2
 − 1
n →∞
   n n  
1 2 x
=  tan  ( sin x )  1 1 2  
2 2 = lim n 1 + 
+  + ... − 1
n →∞
 3  n n2  
 2 x
T(x) 1  tan  sin x
2 
lim 3 = lim    =

1
+ terms containing , 2 ,
1 1 1 1
,... =
x →∞ x 2 x →∞  x 2   x  3 n n n 3
3
4 
 4 
  π 1
2
\ l cos
=
=  
1 3 4
=
8
35. (a) =
(b) (
l lim n sin 2π 1 + n 2 − 2nπ
n →∞
)
S(x) = area of sector OPQ – area of ∆ OPQ
1 2 1  2π ( 1 + n 2 − n ) 
= (1) x − (1)2 sin x = lim n sin  ( 1 + n 2 + n )
2 2 n →∞
 ( 1 + n 2 + n ) 
1
= ( x − sin x )  2π 
2  
 n sin   
S(x)  x − sin x 
2
 1+ n + n   2π 
lim
= lim  = lim 

 n →∞   2π   1 + n 2 + n  
x →∞ x x →∞  2x 
   
2
1  sin x    1+ n + n  
lim 1 − 
2 x →∞  x  2nπ 2π
= lim
= = π
= 0 n →∞  1  2
n 1+ 2 +1
36. (c)  n 
1 2x   
T(x)  tan  ( sin x ) (c)=l lim ( −1) ( −1)
n n −1 n
sin  nπ − π n 2 + + 1 
2 2  2
= lim = lim n →∞
 
x →∞ S(x) x →∞ 1
( x − sin x ) lim(−1) 2n −1 sin π
  =
2 n →∞

 2x 
 tan   sin x    n  n 
2 x3  2 2
  n − n + + 1  n + n + + 2  
= lim     2 2
x →∞  x 2  x   4 ( x − sin x )        
   n 
 4   n + n2 + + 1 
 2 
1 3
= ×6 =  n 
4 2 2 2
2n −1  n − n − 2 −1 
lim ( −1)
  = sin π  
MATRIX MATCH   1 1 
n →∞

 n 1 + 1 + 2n + n 2 
37. (b)   

=
(a) l lim cos 2 π
n →∞
( ( 3
n 3 + n 2 + 2n − n ) ) 2n


1 1
+
2 n


=lim(
  n →∞ −1) sin π  
3 2 1/3
Consider lim[(n + n + 2n) − n] 1+ 1+ 1 + 1 
n →∞  
 2n n 2 
   1 2  1/3  π 1
= lim  n 1 +  + 2   − n 
= (1)sin
  =
   n n 
n →∞ 
 4 2
P Limits 255
W
 ( n + 1) π 1  ( π ( +n )) 
Also, as n → ∞, sin = = lim ± cos 
   
4n 2 n →∞ 2
n+ n +n 
1

\ Final answer is  nπ 
2 = lim ± cos 
   
n →∞ 1
 n + n 1 + 
 x +a   2a 
(d) l = e
lim x 
x →∞
−1
 x −a 
=e
lim x 
x →∞

 x −a   n 
 π  π
l lim ± cos nπ − π n 2 + n
Let= ( ) lim ± cos 
   = =cos =
2
0
 1 + 1 + 1 
n →∞ n →∞

   = lim ± cos π n − n 2 + n ( ( ))  n 
n →∞
38. (a)

256 JEE-Advanced–XII PW