(Percu) Encyclopedia of Reading Rythms

. . . .
7 ~LLC\'-''
MUSIClANS INSTITUTE
.£Y''&'&
PRIVATE LESSONS
by Gary Hess
ISBN 0 - 7935 - 7379-3
HAL- LEONARD '"

L...~ ._ COR P 0 RAT ION
7777 W, OLUr:"'OUNO RD. P.O.OO~ . 36 19 M ILWAUI<EE, W I 53~ ' 3
Copyright © 1997 by HAL LEONARD CORPORATION

International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form

or by any moans withoullhe pri or wri tten permission of the Pu blistler
Visil Hal Leonard Online al

www.ha ll o o nard.c om
Gary Hess began his professional music
career in 1971 playing clubs throughout the
United States and Canada. In September of
1980 he became the first enrollee in the
Percussion In stitute of Technology (PI.T.) .
Upon graduating in September of 1981 , Gary
was offered a teaching position with the

About the school as a staff instructor.
As well as having years of exte nsive
hands-on teaching experience, he is also
the author of Music Reading for Drums, a
sight-read ing curriculu m that is used as
the basis of the drum reading program . His
expertise in a wide variety of styles and
tec hniques has made him an invaluable
part of the P.I.T. staff.
Gary has conducted drum cli nics in Japan
and the U.S. and co ntinues to maintain a full
schedule of free-lance work and teaching.

4 MUSIC GRAPHICS 126 ROAD MAPS
5 NOTES & RESTS 128 SAMPLE ROAD MAP WITH D.S.
6 TIME SIGNATURE 129 SAMPLE ROAD MAP WITH D.C.
7 THE PULSE 130 FOUR-FOUR & CUT TIME CHART READING
8 SUBDIVIDING 138 THREE-FOUR CHART READING
9 NOTE VALUE RELATIONSHIPS 144 TRIPLET RELATIONSHIPS
10 COUNTING EIGHTH NOTE TRIPLET COUNTING SYSTEMS
13 THE PLAN EIGHTH NOTE TRIPLET READING & TRIPLET STUDY
32 NOTES NOTES
33 CUT TIME 157 SIXTEENTH NOTE TRIPLET COUNTING SYSTEMS
34 CUT TIME READING 158 SIXTEENTH NOTE TRIPLET READING
62 TRIPLETS 160 QUARTER NOTE TRIPLET READING
63 SWING EIGHTHS 162 HALF NOTE TRIPLET READING
64 NOTES 164 EIGHTH, QUARTER, & HALF NOTE TRIPLET READING
65 FOUR-FO UR & CUT TIME COUNTING SYSTEMS 166 FOUR -FOUR & CUT TIME CHART READING
66 FOUR-FOUR & CUT TIME READING 174 THREE-FOUR CHART READING
78 TIES 176 SWING OR SHUFFLE SIXTEENTHS
79 DOTIED NOTES & RESTS 177 SIXTEENTH FIGURE COUNTING SYSTEMS
80 FOUR-FOUR & CUT TIME READING 178 SIXTEENTH NOTE READING & RHYTHMS STUDIES
82 THE IMAG INARY BARLINE 214 SIXTE ENTH NOTE CHART READING
•
83 EIGHTH-QUARTER-EIGHTH RHYTHM STUDY 226 MIXED SUBDIVISIONS CHART READING
84 FOUR-FOUR & CUT TIME READING 228 COMPOUND TIME
86 NOTES 229 COMPOUND TIME COUNTING SYSTEMS
87 EIGHTH-QUARTER-EIGHTH RHYTHM STUDY 230 COMPOUND TI ME READING AND RHYTHMS STUDIES
88 FOUR-FOUR & CUT TIME READING 268 NOTES
118 NOTES 269 MIXED SUBDIVISIONS
119 THREE-FOUR COUNTING SYSTEMS 271 ACKNOWLEDGEM ENTS
120 THREE-FO UR READING

Music Graphics
An arrangement of f1ve equidistant, horizontal lines is called a staff.
II
Vertical lines through the staff are called barlines.
The space between two barlines is called a measure or a bar.
Two barlines close together, referred to as a double bar, are used to indicate
the end of a musical section.
II
II
A double bar with one thin and one thick line is used to indicate the end of a
composition.
II II
Double bars with two dots next to them, in the 2nd and 3rd spaces of the
staff, are called repeat signs. The section between these signs is to be
repeated.
III II: :11
4
Notes and Rests
The characters used to represent rhythm and duration are called notes.
Notes consist of one or more of the following :
a note head
astern
one or more flags
one or more beams
Beams are used to create groupings of two or more notes that are
otherwise flagged. Whole notes, half notes and quarter notes have no flags,
therefore, they connot be beamed together.
flags beams
stems1) ~ 1) 1)
II .r.rrw JJJJ note heads
The characters used to notate silence are called rests.
The various notes and rests in order of their durational value are:
Notes Rests
Whole 0
---
Half d ---
Quarter ~
Eighth ............................... .h i
Note:
Sixteenth ~ Each of these rests
have the same
number of flags as
Thirty-second_ ~ their
corresponding
notes. I
Sixty-fourth ........... )
5
Time Signatures
Time signatures are fractions used in music to establish a
mathematical framework upon which to notate pulse and rhythm. The
numerator (upper numeral) establishes the number of beats per measure.
The demominator (lower numeral) establishes the note or rest value
receiving one beat
The numerator of a time signature can conceivably be any

number. The denominator, however, must represent a specific note value.
Throughout this text we will refer to the various meters by the

note values of their denominators.
Note value Relerred to

Denominator re12.resented asa(n):
2 j Half note meter
4 ~ Quarter note meter
8 ) Eighth note meter
16 )1 Sixteenth note meter
32 ) Thirty-second note meter
Examples:
4: In four-four time there are four beats per measure and the
4: quarter note or rest gets one beat.
2 In two-two time there are two beats per measure and the
2 half note or rest gets one beat.
7 In seven-eight time there are seven beats per measure and the
8 eighth note or rest gets one beat.
6
The Pulse
In music, the underlying steady beat upon which rhythms are based is
called the pulse.
The speed of a pulse is called the tempo.
Tempi (plural for tempo) are measured in beats per minute (b.p.m.).
The mechanical or electronic device used to measure b.p.m. is called a
metronome.
A metronome marking (m.m.) is notated by using a note value (usually
that which is represented in the denominator of the time signature), an equals
sign and a number representing the b.p.m. These markings are positioned
near the time signature.
Examples:
~= 60
I" I r r r rI In this exam pIe the pulse is 60

b. p.m., there are four beats per
measure and the quarter note
gets one beat.
I"! r r In this example the pulse is 90

b. p.m., there are two beats per
measure and the half note gets
one beat.
~= 120
In this example the pulse is 120
b. p.m., there are seven beats per
measure and the eighth note gets
one beat.
7
Subdividing
Taking the pulse and dividing it into two or more equal parts is called
subdividing.
Examples:
In this example the quarter note pulse of

60 b.p.m. has been subdivided into two
equal parts (eighth notes).The eighth
notes are to be played at exactly twice
the speed of the quarter notes (120
b.p.m.)
~=40
In this example the quarter note pulse of

40 b.p.m. has been subdivided into four
equal parts (sixteenth notes). The
sixteenth notes are to be played at exactly
four times the speed of the quarter notes
(160 b.p.m.)
J= 90
Illi J J In this example the half note pulse of 90
f f b.p.m. has been subdivided into two

equal parts (quarter notes). The quarter
notes are to be played at exactly twice
the speed of .the half notes (180 b.p.m.)
The following chart of NOTE VALUE RELATIONSHIPS shows how each

note can be subdivided into larger groups of smaller note value.
8
Note Value Relationships
Whole
In z:
~ Quarter
In J
:'
z
I J J
, Eighth
" I I J 1 J J
-,
i\ \
\
\
\ \ I I I
Sixteenth
I I I I I I I I J
,,
:1, I ,
,
; I
: I
; I
, I
,I
\
\
1\\
1
1
1
,\
1
\,
\ , 1
\ Thirty-second
FiiiL'lF1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J
~ If lq I ,
il I .1 1\ '\ 1\ II '~
II 1\ \\ 11\\ 1\ i-
.\1\ \1111,
d \;\1\\ \ ill Sixty-fourth
9
Counting
The technique of verbally subdividing is called counting. We will use a

combination of numbers and syllables to do this. Each vocal sound will
represent one note from its related subdivision. The note value each syllable
represents depends on the value of the denominator of the time signature.
The numbers are used to indicate the pulse, starting with one and counting
up to the number of beats per measure.
Counting the pulse is called one part counting.
Examples:
In a quarter note meter one part counting represents the quarter note:
In I J J J J
count 1 2 3 4
In a half note meter one part counting represents the half note.
In
count
! 1 2
In an eighth note meter one part counting represents the eighth note.
count 1 2 3 4 5
10
If we subdivide the pulse into groups of two we add the syllable "an"
between each number as we count. This is called two part counting.
We will abbreviate the "an" by using a plus sign (+).
The "an'" is also commonly referred to as the "and".
In a quarter note meter two part counting represents the eighth note.
I" I B B B J"'3 I
count 1 an 2 an 3 an 4 an
1+2+3+4+
In a half note meter two part counting represents the quarter note.
! J J J J I
I"count 1 + 2 +
In an eighth note meter two part counting represents the sixteenth note.
count 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 +
II
If we subdivide the pulse into groups of four, we add the syllables "e",
"an", "dub", evenly between each number as we count. This is called four
part counting.
We will abbreviate the "dub" by simply using the letter d.
The "dub" is also commonly referred to as the "a".
In a quarter note meter four part counting represents the sixteenth note.
III I JJ J J J J JJJJ J J J J J J
1 e an duh 2 e an duh 3 e an duh 4 e an duh
count
1 e + d 2 e + d 3 e + d 4 e + d
In a half note meter four part counting represents the eighth note.
III ! J J J J J J J J
count 1 e + d 2 e + d
In an eighth note meter four part counting represents the thirty-second note.
count 1 e + d 2 e + d 3 e + d 4 e + d 5 e + d
12
The Plan
In order to achieve optimum results from this text I would

suggest learning this material one page at a time in the order it is
presented. Do not skip around.
Always;
*Use a metronome.
*Count out loud.
*Tap your foot on the correct pulse.
*Master the slowest tempo range of each counting system

before going to the next.
*Strive for accuracy, not speed.
*Master each page to at least the medium tempo ranges before

going on to the next page.
*Use the check lists.

When you can play an entire page flawlessly using a
particular counting system at a specific tempo range put a
check mark in the appropriate box and enter the date to keep
track of your progress.
13
Four-Four
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-66
D 66-72
D 72-80
D 80-88
D 88-96
D 96-104
D 104-112
D 112-120
D 120-128
D 128-136
D 136-144
D 144-152
D 152-160
14
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15
Four-Four
Two Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-66
D 66-72
D 72-80
D 80-88
D 88-96
D 96-104
D 104-112
D 112-120
D 120-128
D 128-136
D 136-144
16
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U af= F IF U F ala F UF IF UF((FI
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17
Four-Four
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J= D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-66
D 66-72
D 72-80
D 80-88
D 88-96
D 96-104
D 104-112
D 112-120
D 120-128
D 128-136
D 136-144
D 144-152
D 152-160
18
12 34 1 23 4 1 2 34 123 4
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123 4 12 3 4 12 3 4 1 2 34
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I" aF fCfrlefCFF- ulCCCFUF lut EfEFI

13 14 15 16
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19
Four-Four
Two Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J= D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-66
D 66-72
D 72-80
D 80-88
D 88-96
D 96-104
D 104-112
D 112-120
D 120-128
D 128-136
0 136-144
20
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21
Four-Four
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-66
D 66-72
D 72-80
D 80-88
D 88-96
D 96-104
D 104-112
D 112-120
D 120-128
D 128-136
D 136-144
D 144-152
D 152-160
22
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Four-Four
Two Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-66
D 66-72
D 72-80
D 80-88
D 88-96
D 96-104
D 104-112
D 112-120
D 120-128
D 128-136
D 136-144
24
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25
Fou.r-Four
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J= D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-66
D 66-72
D 72-80
D 80-88
D 88-96
D 96-104
D 104-112
D 112-120
D 120-128
D 128-136
D 136-144
D 144-152
D 152-160
26
I , P F r F IF , P F F I F r , p r I r r F , P I
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
In
2 3 4
In
1
r r rr II p,2
p , p, 3
P IF ' P r
, p I
4
, ,
Pr pF
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
In
1
, , 2 3
, ,
r F P P F F P P F r P1 F F
1 1
4
, 1
1 2 3 4
1
1 2 3 4
1
1 2 3 4
9 10 11 12
In , p r r , pI , P 1
1 2 3 4 1 2 3
, , , 4
, ,
F F PF P P P P F F I
I I
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
13 14 15 16
In , p1 r , p 1 r , p
1 2 3
,
F P r
4
I , P r p 1
, 1 2 3 4
1
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1
17 * * * 18 19 20
In , p, p , pr IF , P , P, P 1 F F r I , P , P 1 r
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
21 22 23 24
In
1
rr
2
( (
3 4
IF
1
, P , P r I F F F , P Ir , pF , P
2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1
2S 26 27 28
In
1
1
2
, ,
rF P P
3 4
1
1 2 3
, ,
4
,
F F I' P F P F P P F F
I
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
29 30 * 31 32
1 2 3 4 1 23 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 34
In
33
rr rr If r I pI
34
pIIpIpIpIpIIp"lp'~'pl
3S 36
In , p, p , PF
1 2 3 4
1
1
F F F F
2 3 4
,
1
, , 2
,
I' P P P P F r r p II
I
3 4 1 2 3 4
37 38 39 40
27
Four-Four
Two Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-66
D 66-72
D 72-80
D 80-88
D 88-96
D 96-104
D 104-112
D 112-120
D 120-128
D 128-136
D 136-144
28
---~-
In I, p * , P* 1* , P * , P 1* , P , P * I , P * * , PI
1 + 2 + 3 + 4+ 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
2 3 4
In ,p,p -
1 +
I , p , p I - , p , P I , p, p , P I
2 + 3 + 4+ 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 +
5 * * 6
* 7 8
In , p, p , p* I' P, P, P, PI , P * * , P I * , p * , P I
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+ 2 + 3+ 4 +
9 10 11 12
In
1+
, p , p I, P , p
2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
I
1 +
, p - , p, p-
2 + 3 + 4+ 1 + 2 + 3 + 4+
I
13 * * 14 * * * 15 16
In , p * - * , P, p, PI, P , p * I - , p , P I
1 + 2 + 3 + 4+
I
1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2+ 3 + 4 + 1+ 2+ 3 + 4 +
17 * 18 19' 20
In , p * * , P I - , P I' P, P , P, P I - * , P I
1 + 2+ 3 + 4 + 1+ 2+ 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+ 2+ 3 + 4 +
21 22 * 23 24
I"
, P * - I , P , p- l!ipS !ipS
1 + 2 + 3 + 4+ 1 + 2 + 3 + 4+ 1 + 2+ 3 + 4 +
I
1+2+3+4+
-
25 26 27 28
In , p , PI - , p, P I , p -
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
I , p, p* I
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
29 ** 30 31 * 32 *
In , p, p , p I - , p * 1* , P * , P I l , P , P I
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+ 2 + 3 +4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
33 * 34 * 35 36
!i ~ * - I * , p , p, PI - * , P I' P, P'P , PII

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 1+2+3+ 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
In
37 38 39 40
29
Four-Four
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-66
D 66-72
D 72-80
D 80-88
D 88-96
D 96-104
D 104-112
D 112-120
D 120-128
D 128-136
D 136-144
D 144-152
D 152-160
30
I , P* I * , p * , P 1* , P , P * I , P * * , P I
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
In "I P*
2 3 4
In
1
, p'P -
2 3 4
I
1
*
, p , p*
2 3 4
I-
1 2
, p, P 1* , P , P , P I
3 4 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
III , P , P , P $ I' P, P, P, P I , P$
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3
, P $ , p , PI
4
1
1 2 3 4
9 10 11 * 12
*
III $
1
, p , p $ I, P* , p * I , p -
2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
I
, P, P-
1 2 3 4
13 14 15 * 16
In , p$
1 2 3
-
4
, , , , ,p *
1
I * p p PI P $
2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1
-
1 2
, p, P
3 4
17 18 19 20
III , P* * , P
1 2 3 4
1
-
1 2
, p* , P, P, P, P
3 4
1
1 2 3 4
1
1
-
2 3
,P
4
I
21 22 23 24 *
In ,p * -
1 2 3 4
I , P, P -
1 2 3 4
I , P , P$
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
25 26 27 * 28
In , p* , pi - , p, pi , p-
1 2 3 4
, p, p$ 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1
1
~
2 3 4
29 * * 30 31 32
In ,p, p, p* - , p* I * , p* , PI * , p, p*
1 2 3 4
1
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
33 34 35 36
In ,p* -
1 2 3 4
I *
1
, p, p, pi -
2 3 4 1 2 3
*
, PI , P, P, P, PII
4 1 2 3 4
37 38 39 40
31
Notes
I"
In
In
III II
32
CUT TIME
¢
The time signatures four-four t and two-two i
are mathematically the
same. As fractions, when reduced, both equal one, which means that any
measure with either of these time signatures would contain one whole note.
~ r f r
;;!
1111 I Notice the similarities
between these two
bars. Also notice the
note values
III ! ~ ~ representing the
f f
, underlying pulses.
:..J
Identically written rhythms in ~ and i

sound exactly the same. The
difference is in the pulse underlying the rhythms. In four-four there is a pulse of
four beats. In two-two there is a pulse of two beats.
i is commonly referred to as Cut Time.
The symbol for Cut Time is ¢.
r; ;,
count 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
pulse 1111
f fr r f Fr~
;1
count 1 e+ d 2 e + dIe + d2 e + d
pulse III $ f J r.p';1 r; J ~'~

L This symbol is often used in place
of the numerical time signature
33
Cut Tio.e
Two Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
34
1 2 2 ~
+ + 1 + + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + "
In 6 r r r r' I r r r r I r 2 3
1 F 1 I1 F 1
4
r
~
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
I"
5
r (
* * * *
I
6
( F I
7 * F r * I(
8 *
$ (
/'
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
9
f= f If
10
r If
11
- I-
12
f
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
I"
13
F r f Ir
14
F F I15 F 1 f I1
16
rr
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
17
f F r If 18
1 F If
19
F 1 I20 r f r
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
III
21
1 r r Ir r 22
1 I1
23
r 1 Ir
24
r
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
F 1 - I1 F - I- r 1 I- 1 F
25 26 27 28
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
r F - I- F I( -
FI
Zt
(
29 30 31 32
In
33
1
f
+
-
2 +
I
34
-
1 +
f
2 +
3S
1 +
- 2 +
I
36
1
* F
+ 2
r *
+
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
37
12.
If
38
f IF F F F IF F
39 40
r 1 II
·35
Cut Time
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
D 120-124
D 124-128
D 128-132
D 132-136
D 136-140
36
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In I rrr p Ir rr F I3 r 1 r 1 I1 r 1 r
2 4
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
5
rr * * * *
I
6
r F I7 $ r r $ Ir
8
$ $
r
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In f f If f I f - I- f
9 10 11 12
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
13
r F f If
14
F F IF * f 15
I* F
16
f
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
III
17
r F r Ir
18
* F I19f F
*
IF
20
12 r
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
21
*f r Ir r *
22
I
23 * r *
If
24
r
In
25
r* -
1 2
I
26
1
* F -
2
I
27
-
1 2
F
*
I
28
-
1 2
* F
In
29
1
F r - 2
I-
30
1 2
r r Ir 31
1
-
2
rI 32
1
a
2
In
33
1
f -
2
I
34
1
-
2
f 35
1
- 2
I
36 * r
1
r *
2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
37
lZ
If
38
f Ir
39
r F r Ir r 40
F
*
II
37
Cut Time
Four Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
38
le+ d 2 e + d le+ d2e+d le+ d2e+d 1 e+d2e+ d
111$( (( (IFFFF(((rIUUuu1r r (((r l

2 3 4
1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d l e + d 2e+ d
In
5
rr u uI r UU r Ir
6 7
(E Er r IFEEtf f
8
1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e+d le+d2e+d l e + d 2e+ d

In (§' U r r Ir U r UI(§'F or IF UfEEfl
9 10 11 12
1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+ d

III (§' F ( ( ( r I ( ( ( r F (§,I(((ror lUi (((r l
13 14 15 16
In
17
1 e + d 2 e + d
(( (r * u I ( ( ( r U *
18
1 e + d 2 e + d
I
19
1 e + d 2 e + d
*
(§' ( ( ( r I (§'
20 *
-
1 e + d 2 e + d
le+d2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+ d
I" i U- - -
21 22 23 24
1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d
I" U U I gr U I gr F F F IF gr r F
25 * * * * 26 27 28
I" ( r &r I r F F U I F(f - ( I

I EE FF I
29 30 31 32 * *
In S
U U s Is s ( ( F1 I -
I
0 U I * F ((E rI
33 34 35 36
I" ! (§'
37
&F I
38
(§' F U ! I
39
* F F (§' Il
40
F i ~II
39
Cut Time
Two Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
40
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
III
5
r f uulr UUf 6
If (FFFf I (FFFf fl.
7 8
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
9
UUr r I(
10
U r B' I U F U ( 11
I
12
r U FE( FI
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
13
UF ((( rI E( ( rF
14
u ( ( ( ru r
I
15
I
16
Ui ((( rI
u ( ( ( rEf i i Ef ( EEr Ef -
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
17
((( i r I
18
I
19
I
20
~
I"
21
1
1 Ef -
+
- Ef 1 I - ! U I Ef 1 U 1
2 +
I
22
1 + 2 +
23
1 + 2 +
24
1 + 2 +
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
I" 1
25
Ef 1 U I Ef ! 26
i U l Ef F 27
F r IF
28
Ef F F
2 1 + 2 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
U F IF F F U I(((f-
1 + + +
In
29
FF 30 31
I
32
(( ( r * *
2 + + 2 +
( EE~ I -
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1
I"
33 * UU I
* * * 34 35
U B' I * 36
r (E rr I
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
I" 1
37
Ef Ef r 10 r Ef 38
1 Ii F
39
r Ul $ f 40
$ Ul
41
Cut Tillie
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
D 120-124
D 124-128
D 128-132
D 132-136
D 136-140
42
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
I"' r r r r I rrrrrrrri 2 3
auuu l
4
r r EEEr l
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
S
r r u a I r u Ef r I r
6 7
FE E F r I EEE Fr
8
r I
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
9
(J U ( ( I
10
( &r aI & r
11
&r I
12
( U EEE FI
lat
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
I" 13
(Jr rrErlEEErF alrrrF&F
14 15 16
FEEfl
U EEEF I at
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
EEEf s U I EEE~ a s I s -
17 18 19 20
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In S
U - I- Ef s I - s & I U s US
21 22 23 24
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
2S
S
U s & I U s s EF I U r r r I r
26 27 28
§OF rr
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
29
F r u F I r r r u I EE Er-
30 31
I E EE
32
rs s
* & & * I s s EE EF I -
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
33 34 3S
&&I* 36
r EEE f I
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
37
s a& ( I ar a * I * (
38 39
F &I* 40
r * all
43
Cut Ti_e
Four Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
44
Ie +d2e+d le+d2e+d
r
I e +d 2e+d Ie +d 2e+d
III $ * - 1* r - - r * - * r
2 3 4
le+d 2e +d I e + d 2 e + d le+d2e +d I e+d 2e+d
In I P* - I* "I P- - "I P* - * "l PI

5 6 7 8
I e + d 2 e + d I e + d 2 e + d I e + d 2 e + d le+d2e+d
In
9
-
* F -
10
F * I* F - 11
Ir * -
12
I e + d 2 e + d le+d2e +d le+d2e +d Ie +d2e+d
\n - * Ipl - "I P* 1* I P- I I P* -
13 14 15 16
Ie +d 2e +d I e + d 2 e +d le+d2e + d le+d2e+d
-
* Ir * * * I * * *
In
17
F 18 19
F I* 20 r **
I e + d 2 e + d I e + d 2 e + d I e + d 2 e + d I e+d 2e+d
In
21
* * , P* I I P* *
22
* I * * * I PI *
23 24
I p* *
I e + d 2 e + dIe + d2e +d le+ d 2 e + d le+d2e+d
In
25
r * 26 27 28
Ie +d 2e +d le+d2e +d I e + d 2 e +d le+d2e+d
In - * r - *
29 * * r* 30
I P* 31
m
32
"I PI
I e + d 2 e +d le+d2e +d le+d2e + dIe + d 2 e + d
-
r I* * *
In PI
33
* F 1*
34
I P* * I* * *
35 36
"I
I e + d 2 e +d le+d2e +d le+d2e +d le+d2 e+d
In
37
F - * IIp* * * I * *
38 39
r * I* *40
"I p* II
45
Cut Time
Two Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
0 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
46
In
1
'r
+
* -
2 + 1
1* f -
2
+ 2 +
I-
3
1 + 2
f * I-
+
4
1 + 2
1 F
+
In
1
'p
+
$
2
-
+
I
1
, p - ,-
+ 2 + 1 +
, p$ , -
2 + 1 + 2
,PI
+
5 6 * 7 8 *
- r I- r * -
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In 1* F IF $ -
9
* 10 11 12
- s , PI - , ps I s ., p - I .,
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
I" -
P
13 14 15 16 *
III
17
- 1 + 2
F
+
* Ir
18
1 +
$
2 + 1
* * I* * * F I* F * *
19
+ 2 +
20
1 + 2 +
In
1 +
, p$
2 +
I ' P* *
1 + 2 +
$ I
1 + 2
$ , pi , p
+ 1 + 2 +
21
** 22
* 23
* 24 * * *
In
25
1
r
+
* * * I' P
2 +
26
1 +
- 2 +
*
I*
27
1 +
r
2
$
+
$
1
I$ , p$
28
+ 2 +
*
In * * f
1 + 2 +
* I - , Ps I -
1 + 2 + 1 + 2
r I-
+ 1 + 2
$ , pi
+
29 30 31 * 32
In
*F
1 +
-
2 +
I*
1
, p$
+ 2 +
$ I
1 +
$ $
2 +
r
1
I$ $ $
+ 2
, pi
+
33 34 35 * 36
2 + 1 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
-
1 + + + 1
In
37
f *
I 'P
38
$ $ $ I*
39
$
r $ I$
40
l 'pS II
47
Cut Tillie
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
D 120-124
D 124-128
D 128-132
D 132-136
D 136-140
48
In , 1
F $ -
2
2
1
I $ F -
2
I-
3
1 2
F $ I-
4
1 2
$
F
In , p*1 2
- I*
1
, p- 2
I-
1
,p
2
I -
1 2
,PI
5 6 7
* 8
*
In
9
- * F
2
I-
10
1 2
F * I$ F - 11
1 2
I(
12
1
* -
2
In
1
-
2
$ ,P I -
1
, p$
2
I$
1
, p- 2
I, P $
1 2
-
13 14 15 16
1 2 1 2 1 2 2
- r
1
In
17
$ I
18
r $ $ $ I$
19
* * r I* F *
20
$
In
1
$ $ , p $ I, P $
2 1 2
$ $ I
*$ $
1 2
, ~ I$ , p 1 2
21 22 23 24 **
I, P - ,p$
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
2S
r $ $ $
26
$ I$
27
r $ $ I$
28
$
In
1
$ $
2
F $ I-
1
, p$
2
I-
1
$
2
r I-
1 2
$ ,PI
29 30 31 32
F -
2 1
,p 2 1 2 1 2
, PI
* * * * * r * * *
In I I I
33 * 34 * 3S 36
III
r
1
-
2
$ I, P
1 2
$ I
1
r I
2 1
,p 2
II
37 38 * * 39 * * * * * 40 *
49
Cut TilDe
Four Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
50
le+d2 e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+d
I" "Pf f f If 'Pf f If f 'Pf If f f 'pi 2 3 4
le+d2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+d
I I ~ F F ~ 1'~'~l~'~lr I~~ I~II~F I~r

5 6 7 8
le+d2e+d le+d2e+ d le+d2 e+d le+d2e+d
I"
9
r r , ~ I ~Il r F I ~ II Pl F F II Pl ~ r 10 11 12
I"
, PF r 'pl'pS F r I'PF 'p'pllp'pr F
I e + d 2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e +d
13 14 15 16
In ,P$ I e + d 2
F
e
, pi $
+ d I e + d 2
F ' P$ I F
e + d I e
,P$
+ d 2 e +
F
d
I , pS
I e + d
,
2 e
F PI
+ d
17 18 19 20
, P , P , PF I F , P , P' P I * F r I , P'P 1
I e + d 2 e + d I e + d 2 e + d I e + d 2 e + d I e + d 2 e + d
In F F
21 22 23 24
I e+d2e +d le+d2e+d Ie +d2e+d le+d2e+ d
In F r F F IF 'P'PF IF F F 'plr 'PF 'pi

25 26 27 28
I"
I
* (
e + d 2 e
,
F ' P P* r
I
+ d I e + d 2 e + d
F I , PF ' P(
I e + d 2 e + d
, I
I P 'PF
e + d 2 e +
(
d
29 30 31 32
Ie +d 2e +d Ie +d2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+d
I"
33
r r F r IF 34
r IpI~II~I~I~I~II~I~I~I~1
35 36
le+d2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+d le+d2e+d
II 37
'p'~'~r IF r r f l'p'p'P'plf f F' pll
38 39 40
51
Cut Time
Two Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J= D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
52
I"
, 1 2 +
, Pr F F I r ' PF F I F F 'PF I F F
+
2
1 + 2 ~
3
1 + 2 +
4
1 +
,
F ~I
2 +
In
1
F
+
r F
2
,+
r P, P'P , PI F
I
1 + 2 + 1 + 2
, ,
' P r ' p PF PF
I
+ 1 + 2 +
5 6 7 8
I , P1 r
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
9
r r 'P , PI s F F 10
' PI11 , P
s r (
12
F
III , P F F , PI ., P r
1 + 2
*
+ 1 +
F I
2
, ,
+
, ,
PF 'p P P P F r
I
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
13 14 15 16
In , p S F , PI s
1 + 2 + 1 +
F 'P s I
2
F s
+
F I , ,
P F ~I
1 +
'P
2 + 1 + 2 +
17 18 19 20 *
I F ' P , P , PI l r r I , P , Ps
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In
21
'P 'P , PF 22 23
F 24
F
III
1
F
+
r F F
2 + 1
I F ' P, Pr I F
+ 2 + 1 +
F
2
,
F PI F
+ 1 +
' PF
2
, ~ I'
+
2S 26 27 28
In
1 +
f (
2
,PI , P
+ 1 + 2
( r I (
+
r I , , 1
,~
P P( F
+ 2
,~
+ 1 + 2 +
29 * 30 * 31 32
In
I
1 +
( ( F I(
~
2 + 1 +
r 'p , P
2
I , +
, I , , 1
'P P 'P P P P P' ~I

+ 2 + 1 + 2
!
+
33 34 35 36
,
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +' 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
In 'p"lp"lp r 1 rr rr 1 "lp"lp"lp "'pi rrr "lpll

37 38 39 40
53
Cut Ti_e
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
D 120-124
D 124-128
D 128-132
D 132-136
D 136-140
54
1 2 1 2·· 1 2 1 2
11I$'pr r rlr 'prrlr r 'prlr r r 'pi 2 3 4
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In
5
r r r r I 'P , P, P'pi r 'p r 'P I , Pr 'p r I
6 7 8
In , ,
r F P pi
1 2 1 2
, ,
r F P P1
I
1 2
,
F F P1 F FI
I
1 2
9 10 * 11 12
In , p F r , pi , P $ F r I , PF , P , pi , P , P r r I
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
13 14 15 16
In , p F , pi r , p I F , P 1 F I , P 1 F , pi
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
17 * 18 * * 19 20
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
III
21
I pIp , Pr I r 'P' P, PI * 22 23
r r r I, 24
P, P* rI
I"
1
F r
2
F F r
I , p ,1
PF I r
2 1 2
, I , ,
F F P F P r pi
1 2
25 26 27 28
1
, , 2 1 2
, , ,
1
, 2 1 2
* rr P PF rI
I" p I P F F I PF PF I
29 * 30 31 32
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
III
33
(: r r (: I r F 'P' pi' P, P, P, PI
34 35 36
I P, P'P , PI
In , p, p, Pf I r r r
1 2 1 2
f I , P, P , P, pi r r r , pII
1 2 1 2
37 38 39 40
55
Cut Time
Four Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
56
I" "P i
1 e
, p$
+ d 2 e + d
Ii
1 e
, ,
+ d 2 e + .. d
'p P 'P p$
i Ii
1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e
I' P$
+ d 2 e
$ ,P I
+ d
2 3 4
In , p, p-
1 e + d 2 e + d
1$
1 e + d 2 e
, P , P $ 1-
+ d 1 e
, P, P 1$ , P , P, P I
+ d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d
5 6 7 8
I"
, P, P, P $
1 e + d 2 e + d
,
1
, e + d 2 e + d
I' P P P , P I' P $
1 e + d 2 e
$ , P 1$ , P $ , P
+ d 1 e + d 2 e + d
9 10 11 12
I" i
1 e
, P, P $
+ d 2 e + d 1
I' P $
e
, p$
+ d 2 e + d
Ii
1 e
, P-
+ d 2 e + d
,
I' P P -
1 e + d 2 e + d
13 14 15 16
I"
, Pi - 1$ , P, P, P I' P $ , p$ 1-
1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d
,P, P I
2 e + d
17 18 19 20
I"
, P$ $ , P 1- , P1 I' P, P, P, P 1-
1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e
1 ,P I
+ d
21 22 23 24
In
, pi - I' P, P - I' Pi , P1
1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e
- + d
25 26 27 28
I"
, P* $ , P 1- , P, P 1* , P-
1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e + d
1*
1 e
, p , p$
+ d 2 e + d
29 30 31 32
In , p, p, p$
1 e + d 2 e + d
1-
1 e
,P*
+ d 2 e + d
1*
1 e
,P*
+ d 2 e + d
, P 1*
1 e
, P , P*
+ d 2 e + d
33 34 35 36
In , p* -
1 e + d 2 e + d
Ii
1 e
, P, P,P I-
+ d 2 e + d 1 e + d 2 e
i , P I' P, P, P, P II
+ d 1 e + d 2 e + d
37 38 39 40
57
Cut Time
Two Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
58
In
1 +
"p * , p*
2 +
1*
1
, P , P 1* , P, P
+ 2
*
+ 1 + 2 +
* I' P
1 +
*
2
,p ,
+
2 3 4 *
In
1
~ p, p-
+ 2 +
'$
1 +
~
,
P P*
2 +
1-
1 +
, P, P 1* , P P
2 + 1 + 2
~
+
~
P
,
5 6 7 8
In , p, p, p*
1 + 2 + 1 +
I' P, P~ P ~ P I' P *
2 + 1 + 2
, P 1* , Pl
+ 1 + 2 +
,P,
9 10 * 11 12
In
1
, P! P
+ 2 +
I' P
1 +
,p 2 +
1*
1
, P-
+ 2 + 1
I, P! P
+
-
2 +
*
13 * 14 * * 15 16
In ,p 1 + 2
-
+
IS
1
, P, P,P I' P $
+ 2 + 1 + 2
! P S 1-
+ 1 +
, P, P
2 +
,
17 * 18 19 20
II ,P 1 +
*
2
1 , P 1-
+ 1 +
,P 2 +
I! P , P, P P I-
1 + 2 +
~
1 + 2
t ,P
+
21 22 * 23 24
In ,p -1 + 2 +
,
I' P P -
1 + 2 +
I' P
1 +
,p
2 + + 2
- +
25* 26 27 * * 28
In
1
~ p*
+ 2
~
+
P 1-
1 +
,P, P 1*
2 + 1 +
~
P -
2 +
1*
1 +
~
2
P ~P *
+
29 * 30 31 32
In , p'p ! P*
1 + 2 +
1-
1 +
, P*
2 +
1*
1 + 2
, P* ! P 1*
+ 1
, P'P *
+ 2 +
33 34 35 36
In
,p -1 + 2 +
11
1
, P, P, P 1-
+ 2 + 1 + 2
, P I, P, P, P, P II
+ 1 + 2 +
37* "
38 39 * 40
59
Cut Time
One Part Counting
m.m. Date Completed
D J = D 40-44
D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
D 60-64
D 64-68
D 68-72
D 72-76
D 76-80
D 80-84
D 84-88
D 88-92
D 92-96
D 96-100
D 100-104
D 104-108
D 108-112
D 112-116
D 116-120
D 120-124
D 124-128
D 128-132
D 132-136
D 136-140
60
In
1
$'p 1 , pl
2
11
1
'P 1
2
, P11 1
,
'P pl
2
I' pl
1 2
,P
2 3 4 *
I"
, P, P-
1 2
Ii
1
, P, P i
2
1-
1
, P, P Ii , P'P ,P
2 1 2
5 6 7 8
In , p, p, p*
1 2
I, P, , , P I, *
1
P P P
2 1 2
* ,P 1*
1
, P*
2
,P
9 10 11 12
In $
1
, p, p$
2 1
I' P $
, p$
2
1$
1
, P-
2 1
I' P, P -
2
13 14 15 16
In , pi1 2
- Ii
1
, P, P, P I' P $ , p $
2 1 2
1-
1 2
,
'P P
17 18 19 20
, p$ , P 1- , P$ I, , , , 1- ,P
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
In $
P P P P
21 * 22 23 24
In , pi -
1 2
,
I' P P -
1 2 1
I' P $
, Pi
2 1
-
2
25 26 27 28
In , pi
1 2
i , P 1- 1
, ~ , P Ii , P- Ii , P'P i
2 1 2 1 2
29 30 31 32
In , p, p, Pi
1 2
1-
1
, Pi Ii , Pi , P 1$ , P'P i
2 1 2 1 2
33 34 35 36
In , p$ -
1 2
1$
1
, P, P, P 1-
2 1 2
$ , P I' P, P, P, P II
1 2
37 38 39 40
61
Triplets
Some subdivisions (3,5,6,7,9,11 etc.) cannot be written using notes and rests
in basic form. In order to notate these subdivisions artificial notation is used.
This is done by placing any combination of notes or rests in brackets or beamed
together above or below the numeral representing that subdivision.
There is no note or rest, in basic form, that represents one third of a beat. In
order to notate this three part subdivision in a quarter note meter we can place
any combination of three eighth notes or rests in brackets or beamed together
above or below the numeral three.
When counting three part counting we will say the syllables "tuh" "tuh" in
between the numbers. We will abbreviate the "tuh" sound by using the letter T.
In a half note meter this is done by placing any combination of three quarter
notes or rests in brackets above or below the numeral three.
1 T T 2 T T
r--3 r--3
J J J J
I" !
f f
In an eighth note meter this is done by placing any combination of three
sixteenth notes or rests in brackets or beamed together above or below the
numeral three.
62
Swing Eighths
In music with a swing or shuffled feel, such as be-bop, jazz, dixieland, big
band swing, blues and rock shuffles etc., straight eighth note notation is commonly
used. It is understood that all notes falling on the "and" of the beat are to be played
as though they were the last note of an eighth note triplet. This eliminates the need to
write the rhythms in triplet form.
,., = ~ 3~ This symbol is often displayed on charts to indicate that the music is
• • ..' to be played with a swing or shuffled feel.
Written Like: III U U U U I
Played Like: III r~ r~ r~ r~ I

L-3..J L-3...J L..3..J L-3-J
OR
3 3 3 3
When counting swing eighths use two part counting, saying the "and" of each
beat where the last note of the eighth note triplet would fall.
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 +4 +
Written Like: I" J n"f) J I JJ JJ J J I
63
Notes
In
In
In
II
64
Four-Four and Cut Tillie
Counting Systellls
The time signatures have been intentionally omitted from many of the pages of
rhythms in this text. When no time signature is present you should read that page in
four-four and cut time using all of the following counting systems.
Important: Use a metronome!!!!!

Stri ve for accuracy ....... Not speed
Master each counting system before moving on to the next.
Master each page before moving on to the next.
Use the checklists to keep track of your progress.
1) In four - straight and swing eighths - 2 part counting
2) In four - straight and swing eighths - 1 part counting
3) In two - straight and swing eighths - 4 part counting
Count 1 e +
Play III' ~ J
Tap Foot
Count 1 +
Play In ~f J
Tap Foot
Count 1 2
», J>I 1 2
, ~I
~ r r ~
Play In ij J J>J
Tap Foot
65
__________________________ ~ ______________________ J
----------.-:s-£Ji-~"M-.~.-ZX~,
Checklist
t & i (¢)
Counting System m.m. Date Completed
1) In 4 - stIaight & swing eighths - 2 part counting J = 40-60 D

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
2) In 4 - stIaight & swing eighths - 1 part counting J - 40-65 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
~68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
5) In 2 - straight & swing eighths - 1 part counting J - 40-60 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
66
2 3 4
In)) EDI) DD) I) ))))) I)))))) I

5 6 7 8
III DR)) I) D) RIR) Ed I) E))))I

9 10 11 12
III E) ))))1))))) DI))))D) IEl )JJJ I

13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
IlilB. 1- B ll - lBIBlEll
21 22 23 24
In s JJ s ,FJ I ;-J s s R ;CJ ) ) z I

I
z I ,FJ z
I Z
I
I
25 26 27 28
III)) E) I ) ) ) RI))))-
29 30 31 32
nn I- n a ~ ~ )
) ) ) ) z~
~
In I I Z
I
33
* * * *
34 35 36
*
In ~ n~ I~ ~ n I ~ ~ z8 I ~ s z8 II
37
* 38
* * 39 40
*
67
Checklist
1 & i (¢)
1) In 4 - stmight & swing eighths - 2 part counting J = 40-60 D

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
2) In 4 - stmight & swing eighths - 1 part counting J - 40-65 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
4) In 2 - stmight & swing eighths - 2 part counting J = 40-54 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
68
I" ~ 1 - I1
2
z I
- I-
3
)
*
I-
4
*
,I
I" 5
, JP * - I* , JP - I- , J> $ I- $ , J> I
6 7 8
- ) ) ~ )
In
* I- $ I - I $ -
9 10 11
* 12
, J> I - , , J> - I , J> 1 -

In
13
- $
14
"* I1
15 16
In
17
- -I
"Z
*
I18~ 1 1 1 I19
* * *
~ I
20
*
-I"Z
* *
In
**
, J>S I , J>S $ I , )1 , ~
Z
21 22
* * * *
23 24
* **
In
)
I , ~
z
- I z~
I ,) **
25
* * * 26
* * 27
* * * 28
In 1
) 1 -
I , J> I-
)
I- , J> I
29
* 30
* 31
* 32
*
I" 33 1
~ - I ,~ I ~ I , JPI
34
* * * * * *
35 36
** *
I"
)
- * I , J>S * I* *
)
I* *
, ~S II
37 38
* 39
* 40
69
Checklist
! & § (¢)
1) In 4 - straight & swing eighths - 2 part counting J = 40-60 D

60-80 D
80-100 0
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
.
68-82 D
. 82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
,
80-100 D
... 100-120 D
120-140 D
70
II I P) ) ) I) I») ) ,) ) , J» I) ) ) I )2,
2 3 4
I" ' I ,~ ~
z
~
z
h~
, rz
5 6 7 8
In
) ) , ~ , ), ) ) , AI , )$ ) )
I , )$
) )
9 10
* 11 12
In
13
, ;2) ) , ;2, , ;2$14
) )
I A), , j1 , P, , ~ , ;2) )
15 16
III , P, ) , PI ) , P, I
) , A* ) I , )2$ ) , PI
17 18
* 19 20
In
21
, P, P, P) I
22
,~ , , P, PI *
z~
23
) ) )
24
, ,
I )2 J> * I
)
III
25
z~ ) ~
z
-Jz
I
26
z~ , , ~
z z~ z~
I
27
) ~
z z~ , ~
z
I
28
) , ~ z~
z , )1
In
) ) , I , J>
z~ ) )
I
, ~ ) , ;b) I , ~ , »)
z z )
I
29
* 30
* .,
31 32
In
) ) ) ) I) I z
33 34 35 36
In
37
, ;2 , P, ;2) I
38
) )
39 40
71
Checklist
t & i (¢)

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-.56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
~h ~h ~
III "l rh hh
$ "l r $ I $ "l r $ I $ "l r"l r $ I' r $ $
"l r "l r I
2 3 4
/11
5
,~, ~- I$ , ;h , ;hi I- , 1> , ,-f1 I s , ~ , ~ , ),
6 7 8
9 10 11 12
/n 1 , J> , ;b$ I , J> 1 , )$ I1 , Jl - I , ~ , J> -

13 14 15 16
In ,) - Is
, , ) , », , ~ s , l' s I - , ,
z~ z~ ~
Z
I
17
* 18 19 20
I" 21
, ~
z
1 $ , Jl, - ,
22
~
z
i I
23
, , , , », -
~
z
~
z
~
7
i , ~
Z
I
24
I"
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, , - I , »$ , »i
~
z
~
z
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25 26 27 28
In ,~ , ,~I - , ~ , ~ I , J1 - I s , h, ,Q$
$ r
29
* 30
* 31 32
In
33
, J1 , ;h , )2$ - , ;b $ $ , 1> s , ~I s , , , ~$
I
34
I
35 36
~
I
37
-
38 39
, _P :I' J>_, ~r, J>_, J>_II:
40
73
Checklist
t & i (¢)

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
74
III zI ~ ) ) 1)1 -J1 ~ , , h, I , )&
z
I , -J1
2 3
** * 4
**
In $ , ~$ I$ $ $ , )1 , ) , ~& 1 I1 , , ~&
z~
I
5
* 6 7 8
In , ~ , )1 , ) , ~& I , J> , -J11 , }S , )1

9
** 10
* 11
* * 12
*
In I ~ I ~ I -J1& 1& ! ) I ~ I ~ II -J1 I -J1 I -J1! -J11 , )1) ~ ~
13 14 15 16
In
17
z~ , z~ ) )
I
18
) -tz , ~) I
19
) ) ) , ~
z
I'
20
P)I ~ -J1 I ,,
21 22 23 24
, 1>
z , P
z , PI)
Z i - zI
25 26 27 28
In ) ~ R I }I ~ ) ) , PI) D & I -J11'}S ~"I )1

29 30 31 32
I" & ~ R I ;bIB I)~ ~ I~ D I;b~ ID'»))))I

33 34 35 36
I" I ~) )
37
n 1"1 ~n n I PII PI ~ & )
38 39
I * ))) J I -J111
40
75
Checklist
1 & I (¢)
Counting System m.m. Date Compietefl
1) In 4 -' straight & swing eighths - 2 part counting J = 40-60 D

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
76
In ; ) "I ) ) ) I
2
n !t )J
3 4
:::
III
J- !l)
:r -
J- J- l!l
::r=C~ P
J» =c9:r OJ
=c:_
), _ ~ 71;;;;!tV)1
!t r!t ~ I -.J I I rTi
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
In 1 E
~
*1 ~ ~
L, £ 1 ' E
~
* ;I nr::::::1 11 )j j j r:::l
) ) )) * 1D
I)
i
Ji , I ~ Z
13 14 15 16
In n a 1
) ) J J , I, J> , J2 , J> , 1>1 a )
17
* * 18 * 19 20
* *
In , tJJ , tJJ 1
z I z
I , }> , )1 ) z
I , ,
z
~
1
z
~ ~ Z
I
21 22 23
* 24
*
In
25
, ) , )$ z~
1
26
~
z , , )$ ~
z
I
27
~
z ) ) , I , , )$
z~
28
~
z )
I
In
) ) , , )1 , ,
z~
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~
z ) ~
Z , , , ,hI
~
z ~
z ) ~
Z
)
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1
29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40
77
Ties:
When two or more notes of the same pitch are connected with a
curved line, that pitch is sustained for a duration equalling the sum of
the note values connected.
EXAMPLES:
:::::::- ~
2 beats
III
~ ~
:=;;a ~
4 beats
In
~ ~
:=;;a 0;;::::
~
3 beats
III
~
::::-0 ~
I" ~ ~ 11/2 beats
r
:::::= 0;;:::: :;:ill ~
~ ~
3 112 beats
I"
Using a tie is the only way to notate a pitch sustaining across abarline.
EXAMPLES:
:::;:;:II c:::::
2 beats
I" ~ I
~
-
I" r I
r 4 beats
III
II
r 6 beats
'"
78
Dotted Notes and Rests
A single dot placed immediately after a note or rest increases the
duration of that note or rest by one half its original value.
II II- = II
:;III
II
,.;;;:
r II -- = II --
II
F' = II
F
:;III ~
r II .- = II - S
:- ...::
II ~' = II
~ ~
II s- = II i
:;III ".;;;::
*
II ~' = II II ,.- = II :t
~ ~ if-
II ~' = II ~
::;ill l1li;
~
II ,- = II f ~
Two dots placed immediately after a note or rest increase the duration
of that note or rest by three fourths its original value.
II I ' ••
= n II
r..: JII~
r r II -.. = II -- *
~IIIIIII;: JlllIIIIIIC
II roo = II
F~ ~ II ••• = II • j
II roo = II
.,..~
r ~ ~
'7' IIIIIIi:
II
*- = II
*,. ,
II ~" = II
JIII~
~ ~
JllIIIII;
~
II :t -- = II
*
:t ,f
p ,
I
Face
II = II II If .. = II f ~
~"
~ ~~
79
Checklist
t & i (¢)

60-80
~
D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
4) In 2 - straight & swing eighths - 2 part counting J - 40-.54 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
80
In
J. @
I d.
~
z a z~
I J. I,
~
z·
~
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Z
2 3
* 4
In
5
~ ,.
~ ~ d I ). ~
6
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Z
7 8
I" s ).
9
z·I I~2 ~ ~ ~
10
, ), I
11
). ~. ~ I12
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III
13
S ~. ~.
14
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I, ~ ~ ~ ~I
15
1 ~, I ~;
16
~
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s I ,. ~ S I, ~ s
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I" -
z· z Z
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17 18
* 19 20
In
21
,~ ~
"Z ~ S· zbl S·
22
~
r S· zb l
23
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r S zb ~. I J
24
z8 ~
z
I" r 7· S ~ I- r,i I _i
25 26 27 28
III
29
S· ~. ~ ,I ).
30
s , ~ I , ). , ~a I , ~ , ~ ~.
31 32
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III
33
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I ~.
35
~. , ~ I d.36
~. a I
III s· I
z· £OJ I d. s· d I _. "I zb 1"1 ). ) J d~ II
37 38 39 40
81
The lInaginary Barline
It is a common practice to write four-four and cut-time rhythms in a way
that shows the separation between the 2nd and 3rd quarter notes of each measure.
This separation is called the imaginary barline. This is the barline that would
exist if two bars of two-four were used instead of the one bar of four-four. If
any note smaller than a half note is to sustain across the imaginary barline two
notes tied together are usually used in its place.
1) No separation between beats 2 and 3.
FF F I
Actual Barline in 214 Imaginary Barline in 414
IlIlu(ltFFFI
No separation between The same rhythm applying the
beats 2 and 3. imaginary barline concept
2)
F III ~ r f 11 r I
3)
4)
II F ~ F F ~ I
Important:
Many of the rhythms written in this text do not follow the concept of the
imaginary barline. This.is done intentionally to make this book more challenging
and to instill an even deeper understanding of rhythmic notation.
82
Eighth-Quarter-Eighth
(notes)
RhythRi study
Two beat phrase
83
Checklist
1 & § (¢)

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
84
III -J» Z -J>_- 2 3 4
I" 5
JP ) JPJ IJ
6
J> ) JP I
7
, ). J IJP)
8
l' ~) JPI
In ). ). ) I JP) JP"I). I)))) JP d. 1"1 P)· P).

9 10 11 12
In
) , P, PI , P) P) PI , P, PP) PIJ £J )
13
* 14 15 16
In
17 *
1') P I ) 1') P I fJ
* * 18 19
, h zI Pt I
20
Z
I ») P)
In
21
P) ,h ) ~
I, P
22
) P) )1
23
, ). J I
24
, J> , h, I , ,.
," P) P I ), I, ,
~ ) ~
z ) ). , ;b zb) ~ Jl
In
25
I*
26 * 27 * 28
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29 30 31 32
In ~~~ , ~) )1 , ~. ) ~ I)) ~ , ~) ~ I ) ). ).
33 34 35 36
In
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I
») J>t I J»
}2 ») J> II
37 38 39
* 40
85
· Notes
In
III
III
II
86
Eighth-Quarter-Eighth
(notes and rests)
Rhythlll study
The following figures are all note and rest combinations that equal two
quarter notes or one half note in value. Therefore they may used starting on beats
one, two, or three of any four-four bar.
I" "I W I - I" , J .p I
J3J .., <
I .p J
III !J. ~~~ ~ I -

I"
Checklist
t & i (¢)

60-80 D
80-1()() D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
88
2 3 4
III )). 1 ) ). I $ J.
5 6 7 8
In
9
~
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10
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z~ ~ , ) , I) ) ) ) ~l
12
)1
). ).
13 14 15 16
-» 11 J h
I" "t)."t) 1 ), ) ). 1) ).1) ) z· r 1-
17 18 19 20
In
21
1 )) ).$ 1
22
,) ). l' ).1
23
, ). , ) z I) )) ) )) ~ )
-tl
24
Z
I
In
~
,. ~
z , z~ ~
z
1
~
z
1
~
z
- 1
J ~
z· z~
1
, ~
z· , ~
z·
25 26 27 28
In
29
, ) , i) , I, m m , , ) ). a ) 30
1 1
) J , ,b I
31 32
In
33
~
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z
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89
Checklist
1 & i (¢)

60-80 D
8O-H)() D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 0
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
3) In 2 - straight & swing eighths - 4 part counting j - 40-48 0
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
4) In 2 - straight & swing eighths - 2 part counting j - 40-54 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
5) In 2 - straight & swing eighths - 1 part counting j = 40-60 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
90
In JU )) )1$ )>J) )IP) ) ) I') ) ) )1
2 3 4
In S ,) ) )1 s· ) ~
z
$ I
7
,) ) $. »1 , ). ;h ) ;hI
5 6 8
I"
-b$
z ) ) ;hI ») $
)
»1 ») )
*
;h I ») ) 7-1 »1
9 10 11 12
III a ~~ z~ )1 ~~ ~ ~ I ~~ ) ~~ I ). , !
) )1
13 14
* 15 16
In
~. ~
Z ) ~
I18 a *. ),
I~
) ) ~
Z'I
I
) ~ ~
Z ~.
17 19 20
In ~ ~ ~ ~
21
,) »1 »)
22
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23
,) ~
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r ,I -I
24
z· -Iz· ~I
In
)$ ~$ I » ). I :'l
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25
* 26
* * 27 28
In
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29 30 31
* 32
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33
* 34 35
* * 36
In
37
~) ) ~» , I »)
38
) ) )1
39
,) ) ) )1 , -I ) , ~ ~ II
40
z Z
91
Checklist
1 & i (¢)
88-104
- 40-54
54-68
68-82
82-96
96-120
- 40-60
6O-SO
SO-loo
100-120
120-140
92
I" )0 ) ) "I) ) "I) )1 1)0 )1"). 1"1)' "I)' I
2 3 4
In "I) »"1») 1"1 ) "I ) ) I)

5 6 7
») ») 1"1) }» •
8
»I
I"
9
») ») ) 1"1) 10
) ) »1"1)'
11
) ) 1"1) "1"1) "I I
12
I" }> ) }>"I) }> I )1) J» 0 }> I) ) J» }> I ) 0 ). ) I

13 14 15 16
In ,) ) 12) 1"1) )) ) 1"1 ) ) ). 1)"1» )1) » I

17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
In
J.. )1 ~~ z ) )
»1 ). -1z )1 ,~
I~ ,) ) ,-i1
I
25 26 27 28
In ~. »~
z:: ~ »1 ~ ~I ~ »I ~I »» ~ ! I! ~ ~ !l
29 30 31 32
*
I" ) )
33
"I ) "I I
34
») ) ), I») }> ) 35
"I» I
36
In »I
III J.. }>I ) ) , ). I !l
) }> -
37 38 39 40
93
Checklist
~ & i (¢)

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
94
In 1 J, J
2 3 4
In zb) ,.I B I , ;b;EJ ;b ). I - Z

b) 7
b
I $ J.
5 6 7 8
III ; J J J zb I -
9 10 11 12
I" J D"t)lJ I"

13 14 15 16
III
~i ~
r
I ~. ~
T
~ I~ ~
~
z· ~
r
I- ,~ ~ I
17
* * * 18 19 20
III
~ ~ I$ z8 ~ $ I , z~ z~ -J1
I,
~
Z ) $ ~
T
I
21
* 22 23
* 24
z~
~
~ z~ ~ ~ Jl I l ~ :t z~ Jl I :l Jl* Jl~
In
25
:t z :l I
26
:l r z·
27 28
JlI
29 30
) 1-
31
1 ) ) ) I "t
32
). n J
I" "t P- 1 P-"t J. l"t zb J "t J "I I J )1 J J )11"t J zb"t J.

33 34 35 36
I" JU 1>, ~8 I' J »8 , »11 »8 ,J »1 8 ,»*, )111

37 38 39 40
95
Checklist
t & i (¢)

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
96
In ,) ,JU 'I )>).
2 3 4
In ~ ~ ~ ~s zbl ~~ ~ I! ~, ~, ! I ~~
~
Z ~I
5 6
* * 7 8
*
In , ~ ~S ~~ I ~ ~ ~ r~ I)' ~ ! )S ~I )~S )$,
9 10
* 11 12
In
,~- ~ I~ ~ ~ ~I ! ~~ ~S ~I ~- ~-
13 14
* 15 16
*
In , ) , , -1 z
AI -1
,. -1
,a
I
,t» , ,b) , I zb) $
~
Z
I
17 18
* 19 20
*
In
21
,~ ~~ I $'
22
~ ~ ~ I! ~
23
~
~
~
r 2
-1
! I ~~ ~ zb$ I
24
In
~
La
~
,a
~ I ,b,
)
$ ~I , ) zb ~
z· , I J>S $
-1
Z Jl I
25 26 27 28
III
29
*-
-1z ~ ~
r.
I * ~~ ~ ~I~) ~~ ~ I ~ ~~ J>~ ~I
30 31
, 32
III
33 *
~. ) , ~I
34
!
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35
~I
36
! $ )
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In
37
~
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38
~ ~) ~I , )
39
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40
'¥
) , II
97
Checklist
t & I (¢)
1) In 4 - straight & swing eighths - 2 part counting J = 40-60 0

60-80 D
80-100 0
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 0
90-115 0
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 0
56-72 0
72-88 0
88-104 D
4) In 2 - straight & swing eighths - 2 part counting J - 40-54 0
54-68 0
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 0
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120. D
120-140 D
98
In
,I j )
I
2
) j z I
I
3
,I j ,g I $'
4
z ,
h ,iI
In
1') 1') ~~ '$'
~ ~ J? ~ )
I
). ). ) p} ,-~ 'e~ #~I
5 6 7 8
I
In .. ;J J. 2L
9 10 11 12
III .. }.
13
J. n I)>)
14
J>j ) I' I) J J Jd J J J It·
15 16
P3 ~
II ~ J. I' I' ) ) ) ,). I a. k IJ $ zf"3~1

17 18 19 20
In
h~ ~
,,,,.r
21
~ ~I
22
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r zI·
23
~ ~ , !pO ~ ,24
Z
1
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I" )>). DJ It J ~
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25 26 27
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32
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J. ) I , I' , #J J. ~ I I' J?
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In I z -
0
33
" 34 35 36
37 38 39 40
99
Checklist
t & ~ (¢)

60-80 D
. 80-1()() D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
8O-1()() D
100-120 D
120-140 D
100
III ,)0 t B I J»
2
) ) J4J 3
) ) ) ) I t R!l J> LI
4
I" J
5
) t I,)
6
»t !l) l!l fo t· ) }> I t·
7 8
) )l t I
I" J.
9 10 11 12
In
,b) ;t» D;pO ) ») 121 ) J
13 14 15 16
In
_. g I) J> ):; I d fJsJ ...........
17 18 19 20
I" - !l J> Bit !l fo B t l !l foB t !l »1 B t "I ).

21 22 23 24
- I , d. I , td I- , d,
25 26
* * * 27
* 28
10."
29
t I J Q). J> I' J> J J )
30 31
l!l
32
to !l }lEI
I" D)U J>B 1"1 ) , )))J ) 1"1
33 34 35
) n "I)' I BJ
36
!l) I
I ) 151 IJ ,Jl,) II
$ )
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In
37
$ Z
I
38 * 39 40
101
Checklist
1 & i (¢)

6O-SO D
SO-I00 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
6O-SO D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
102
~ I ~ I I I P) P_J
I" * ))
11
, ;I· IE; iF...}
2
* I * )),;.
rI
3
:~ ~ ~ i * 4
5 6 7 8
III
9
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z:
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10
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11
I ~.
12
~ , ~.
III
~;. ~ I~ ~ ~ ~
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~;
13 14 15 16
III
17
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~ ~ ~ zbl ~ ~
19
~ ~~ ~
I! r
20
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r
J. z~ ~. AI ,.I ~- d. 11 I d. h- d. ~ I ,.I ~- I )
In '"-J
21
- 22 23
z
24
Z
d I ;b) d h J. fJ
In z
I I
z
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25
* * 26 * 27 * 28 *
I~
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I ~. ;b I )-B
I" * * *
29
* 30 31 32
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I , ;h ) I, ;h) , ;h) I , ;h , ;h;Q i
33 34 35 36
III
,~ ~ ! ~I * .~ ,~ I39~
,~ ~ I ~ ,, z~ z8~ zbll
37
* 38
* * 40
103
Checklist
t & i (¢)

60-80 D
80-100 0
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 0
120-140 D
104
2 3 4
5 6 7 8
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80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
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48-56 D
56-72 D
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88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
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96-120 D
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SO-I00 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
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80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
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80-H)() D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
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72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
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80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
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80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
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82-96 D
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100-120 D
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Notes
In
II
118
Three-Four Counting Systellls

Strive for accuracy ....... Not speed.
1) In three - straight and swing eighths - 2 part counting
2) In three - straight and swing eighths - 1 part counting
3) In one - straight and swing eighths - 2 part counting
Count 1 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 3 +
Playllllf] n J 1:9 1 J> J

Tap Foot f r
4) In one - straight and swing eighths - 1 part counting
Count
Play 1111
Tap Foot
f? B
1 2 3
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F2 '
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5) In one - straight and swing eighths - count one

Count
Play
Tap Foot
1111 tJ n J fP '
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119
t Checklist
1) In three - straight and swing eighths - 2 part counting J= 40-60 D

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
3) In one - straight and swing eighths - 2 part counting J. = 40-44 D
44-48 D
48-52 D
52-56 D
56-60 D
48-56 D
56-64 D
64-72 D
72-80 D
5) In one - straight and swing eighths - count 1 .... J. = 40-50 D
50-60 D
60-70 D
70-80 D
80-90 D
120
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1) In three - straight and swing eighths - 2 part counting J = 40-60 D

60-80 D
80-H)() D
1()()-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
44-48 D
48-52 D
52-56 D
56-60 D
48-56 D
56-64 D
64-72 D
72-80 D
50-60 D
60-70 D
70-80 D
80-90 D
122
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! Checklist

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
44-48 D
48-52 D
52-56 D
56-60 D
48-56 D
56-64 D
64-72 D
72-80 D
50-60 D
60-70 D
70-80 D
80-90 D
124
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125
Road Maps
Section Repeat Signs:
Double bars with two dots next to them, in the 2nd and 3rd spaces of the staff,
are called repeat signs. The section between these signs is to be repeated.
I" II: :11

Multiple Section Repeat Signs:
If a section is to be played more than twice, the number of times it is to be played and the
letter "X" will be placed at the beginning of the repeated section. In this example the
four bar phrase is to be played five times.
5X
III II: :11
Single Measure Repeats:
The symbol in the 2nd,3rd and 4th measures of this example tells you to repeat
whatever is notated in the previous measure.
I" ~ F ~ F F I II
Multiple Measure Repeats:
The numeral above the multiple measure repeat sign tells you how many of the
previous measures are to be repeated. In this example you would repeat the previous
two measures.
2
II
In this example you would repeat the previous four measures.
4
II
Endings:
In this example play bars 1-4. Repeat back to bar 1. Play bars 1-2 again. Skip the 1st
ending and play the 2nd ending. Repeat back to bar 1 again. Play bars 1-2 again. Skip
the 1st and 2nd endings and play the 3rd ending. Then continue on to the next .
section.
Il. 11 2. 11 3.
I" II:1 2
I
3 4
:11
5 6
:11
7 8
II
126
D.C. (da capo) means to return to the very beginning of the
composition.
D.S. (dal segno) means to return to this Sign ~ which is previously

notated.
Coda Usually the ending section of a composition which is notated by

this symbol-$-o
fine The end or final note of a composition.
D.C. al Coda Return to the top, play to the Coda Sign -$-which is
previously notated and then play the Coda.
D.S. 81 Coda Return to the Sign ~ play to the Coda Sign-$- which
is previously notated and then play the Coda.
D.C. 81 fine Return to the top and play to the/ine.
D.S. 81 fine Return to the Sign ~ and play to the/ine.
IMPORT ANT: On the D.C. or D.S. of a composition a classical rule

is that no repeats are to be taken unless otherwise notated.
Rehersal Letters and Bar Numbers are used on charts to give the
conductor and the players a way to find specific passages quicldy.
Fermata or Bird's Eye When this symbol ~ is placed above a note

the pulse will be interrupted and that note will be sustained (held out)
until you receive the Cut Off II cue from the conductor.
2 3 4
Rehersal Letters
Bar Numbers
L@ /':'..
Fermata
1r-1I---7--7--7-7-'-1-1--7--7-,-"11--7--7--7--7""T'"1--,-,---r.11
5 6 7 8
127
J
Sample Road Map with D.S.
In I I 2
I 3
I
4
I
@~
I" II: 5
I 6
I 7
I
8
11. I
In
9
I
10
I
11
I
12
:11
12. 113.
In
13
1
14
:11
15
I
16
II
® •I
•
2
In II I I
17 18 19 2D
4 D.S.
Ilc~
In
•
21
I" 2S
I3)
*
22 23 '*
I 27
I28
II
1) Play bars 1-12
2) Repeat to letter A (bar 5)
3) Play bars 5-10
4) Skip 1st Ending
5) Play 2nd Ending (bars 13-14)
6) Repeat to letter A again (bar 5)
7) Play bars 5-10
8) Skip 1st and 2nd Endings
9) Play 3rd Ending (bars 15-16)
10) Continue on to letterB
11) Play bars 17-18
12) Play bars 19-20 (repeat of 17-18)
13) Play 21-24 (repeat of 17-20)
14) D.S. to letter A (bar 5)
15) Play bar 5-10
16)Take 3rd Ending (bars 15-16)
***Remember: no repeats on a D.C.
or D.S. unless otherwise noted.
17) Play 17-20
18) Play the Coda (25-28)
128
Sample Road Map with D.C.
In I I
2
I
3
I
4
I
®
In II: 5
I
6
I
7
I
8
11. I
III Iw I I :11
9 11 12
12 . ®
I" 13
I
14
I
15
I
16
II
III
17
I
18
I
19
I
3)
D.C. al fine
In Pl., :11 (Take all Repeats)
21
fine
1) Play bars 1-4 (Intro)

2) Play bars 5-12
3) Repeat to bar 5
4) Play bars 5-10
5) Skip 1st ending
6) Play 2nd ending (bars 13-14)
7) Play letter B (bars 15-22)
8) Repeat to letter A
9) Repeat steps 2-7
10) D.C.(to the top)
11) The repeats are good so repeat steps 1-6
12) Play letter B to the fine (bars 15 - the last
note of bar 21)
129
I, - -------
Checklist
80-100
100-120
120-140
- 40-65
65-90
90-115
115-140
140-165
- 40-48
48-56
56-72
72-88
88-104
- 40-54
54-68
68-82
82-96
96-120
- 40-60
60-80
80-100
100-120
120-140
130
St. Valentinels Day Massacre
- II
2 3 4
5 6 7
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9 10 11 12
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* 27
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29 30 31 32
131
Checklist
t & i (¢)

60-80 D
80-1()() D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
SO-loo D
100-120 D
120-140 D
132
Escrow Blues
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2 3 4
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29 30
133
Checklist
t & i (¢)

60-80 D
8O-H)() D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
134
60th Phase
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25 26 27 28
) 1-
29 30 31 32
135
Checklist
t & i (¢)
72-88
88-104
= 40-54
54-68
68-82
82-96
96-120
= 40-60
60-80
80-100
100-120
120-140
136
Black Belt
2 3 4
In
5
,r E ,z. I?
6 7
-
8
~I~) 9
J> n i l ,
10
i, » - I'» A) L I): i- 11 12
In
13
,z.I 14
, I
za
In, kJ n
15
I' d. * ,-) I
16
Il.
In *. - z
h ). z
h
I *.
h I
r~z·
}2
I *. z
h
s· z
h
I- , ,t> I
:11
17 18 19 20
*
12 •
III
21
n * ,,t» I*
22
n * ,k I) 23 24
,). I
25 26 27 28
n * I
~
In ,h z
$ , ,hI - , » I , z
h
- ,
I »s
b
29
* 30
* * 31 32
III J.. ! I;)_A» I)· »~

'---._ _ _ _"'--._ _ _---I.._ _ _ ----L-r:tD)~).
_ _ _ill - - L..
l
D.S. al Coda
(Take 2nd Ending)
33 34 35 36
k I
) , hI
z z z I
""'= I) ;b) ») I z
I ) - II
37 38 39 40 fine
137
! Checklist
1) In three - straight and swing eighths - 2 part counting J = 40-60 0

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 0
115-140 D
140-165 0
44-480
48-52 D
52-56 0
56-60 0
4) In one - straight and swing eighths - 1 part counting J. = 40-48 0
48-56 D
56-64 D
64-72 0
72-80 0
5) In one - straight and swing eighths - count 1 .... J. = 40-50 0
50-60 D
60-70 0
70-80 0
80-90 0
138
Swingin in da Trees l
In III: ~ ~ ~ I ~.
I ! ~. ~
:z:
I~ .f!
:iii'
~
r :11
2 3 4
® ,
In II: ~5
~
» ~
»
I -;r: ~
6
:iii'
~
»
I~ ~
7
~ I~ ~
8
»~
11.
In
9
!
,b , J> R I
10
~
N
0 )
I
11
-b
z ). 0 I»
12
~ R ~
»
I
:11
In
2
1•
13
! z
h ,b ,I J> J> )
I
14
) Jl :11W·)
15
z
I J> n I , Jl
16
n ~
»
I
®
In I J 17 18 19 20
To Coda -$-
In
21
, ). »"I
I ~.
22
, R I , d. » I I J. R II
23 24
In
7 R) IE) E I) R) In ,b)
_ _ _
zb I D.C. al Coda
__ (Repeats Good)
25 26 27 28
IlIrIPDIPIEIPDII) PRI1zbR?
29 30 31 32
In
33
~
z , -h ,
z ~
I
34
~
z
!
~
z ~
» I
35
!
). ~
z
I
36
, P- II
fine
139
t Checklist

60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
44-48 D
48-52 D
52-56 D
56-60 D
48-56 D
56-64 D
64-72 D
72-80 D
50-60 D
60-70 D
70-80 D
80-90 D
140
Valls Kitchen
:8' ).
I" I $
) d
II
).
I
). ).
I
). d. I
J. II
1 2 3 4
@
III II: ~
) ~ ~ I~ ~ ~ ~ I ~
I
z5] z5]
5 6 7
* 8
*
In ~ z~ ~ ~ I~ ~ ~ z~
I
z8 I~ -
9 10 11
* * 12
~. ~ ~ I , r~ ~ ~
11.
~ ~ I ~
I
In z I d. :11
13 14 15 16
* *
2
1• ®
In ~ ~ z~ ~
r
I18z8 aa I
~I
I
~
17 19 20
*
I"
a ~
7 d. I~
;b ~ J> I ~
~
7 ~
;b $ I ~ ~
Z ;b I
21 22
* 23 24
*
III $ d $ I
) d
-$-
I
, ~
7 ~ d ~ I~ ) ~ Q I
25 26
* 27 28
III
29
R n ,~~,.
~I
30
~ ~ ~.II D.S.a/Coda
(Repeats Good)
r.'\
-$-
In
31
~ ~
"Z
~
r Q I
32
, ~ r~ z~
r z~
I~ 33
~
z
~
r ~ I
34
, ~. ~ II
fine
141
! Checklist
1) In three - straight and swing eighths - 2 part counting J= 40-60 0

60-80 D
80-100 0
100-120 0
120-140 0
2) In three - straight and swing eighths - 1 part counting J= 40-65 0
65-90 0
90-115 0
115-140 D
140-165 0
44-480
48-52 0
52-56 0
56-60 D
48-56 0
56-64 D
64-72 0
72-80 0
50-60 D
60-70 D
70-80 0
80-90 0
142
111· 4 .8 11
@
III I' ) J I
2
n fJd 1"1
3
fo"l ). 1
4
I
,-
).
In , zhf"3 E >1<~ ~ E , ) -Iz zb I -I Z ) :11

5 6
1
7 8 *
tID ,W , zb , zb I zQ
In II; ~ ) ) J> 1 E I)
*
9 10 11 12
In
13
) S~ :-wee 1 ~.
14
t 1-~
15
~ 1
16
~ ~ :11
17
n I R) zQ,.l.l]J
18 19
n In) E
20
:11
1':\
) I) J
21 22 23 24 fine
©
Ilr)
91 fo) )Ifo)
25 26 27 28
-zI ~ ) ~~ zQ..,
Iczc;, I) ~~
......... I z8- ~
I
z
I" 29
=;;",
30 31 32
:11
@
In I~33
, ). )
I ~.
).
I
). ~ I~ # E I
34 35
* 36
*
In ,) ) J2
1
nn $ I #) ) fo IE ~- ~ :II Take
D.C. al fine
Repeats
37 38 39 40
143
Triplet Relationships
Counting Exercise
m 1 2 3 4
III I r r r r
[II 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
In
E ~ E ~ E r E ~
rn 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
In
EaEEEEa ~EEEEE
a a
~EEE
a
EE~
a
EEa EEaE~
[1] 1 T T + T T 2 T T + T T 3 T T + T T 4 T T + T T
In
EEE~ E~~ ~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~
6 6 6 6
[I] 1 T T + T T 2 T T + T T 3 T T + T T 4 T T + T T
In
E aE r E aE r E aE r E aE ~
(]] 1 T T 2 T T 3 T T 4 T T
I"
~ E~
a
EFF E~ E~ EEE E~ ~ ~ E~ ~
a a a
I2l 1 T T 2 T T 3 T T 4 T T
III
r E
a
r E 8E r E aE ~ E aE r
[]] 1 T T 2 T T 3 T T 4 T T
III
r r
a
r r -
r r
a
[2] 1 T T 2 T T 3 T T 4 T T
In
f t ~ :11
3
144
Eighth Note Triplets
(quarter note meters)
Counting Systems
1) Three Part Counting
Count
Play I"
Tap
2) One Part Counting
Count 1 2 3 4
Play III
Tap
145
Checklist
D Three Part Counting J = D 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
D 100-110
D 110-120
D One Part Counting J = D 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
D 100-110
D 110-120
D 120-130
D 130-140
D 140-150
D 150-160
146
a a a a 3 3
10 ) J DJ J I) ) J ill ,mill) ) ,) mID) ,

5 6 7 8
a a a a a a
'n
9
J)DJm,* mJ * '* 10 11
$ DJ) ,m)DJJ,
12
13 14 15 16
a 3 3 a a a a a
'n
17
mmm) ,) mmm,))) I 18 19
- I $ ill $
20
$
'n - ) ) ) I ,-
21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28
a a a a a a a a 3 3
'n
29
S ills m,m S t m,m S mm,mm S ill,
30 31 32
a a a 3 a a a
'n
33
illillms 't mmm,) )))-
34 35 36
a a a a a a
,mJ , mil
33
'n ) ) ill, ill) I ,mffiffiffi'l

37 38 39 40
147
(quarter note IDeters)
Checklist
D Three Part Counting J = D 4O~5O

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
D 100-110
D 110-120
o One Part Counting J = D 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
D 100-110
D 110-120
D 120-130
D 130-140
D 140-150
D 150-160
148
333 3 3 333 333 3 3 3 3 3
In I ,Emmm ,E;JJmml ,]];JJ,]]DJI 1]]']]']]']]1

i
2 3 4
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
I" J;Jmmwl J;JJ;Jmml &JJ;]J;Jml @&JJ;J@I

5 6 7 8
10 11 12
14 15 16
17 18 19 20
22 23 24
25 26 27 28
29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36
38 40
149
Notes
III
III .I
III
In
I"
III
III II
150
RhythRi study
9 r- 9--,
In ~ ~ ~ I
~
-- In ~ ~ I
9 r- 9 --,
~ ~ ~ -- ~ ~
I" ~
I I"
9 a.,
In ~~e I -- III
~.
9 r- 9 --,
III :t ~~ I~~ -- III :t ~
151
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
D 100-110
D 110-120

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
D 100-110
D 110-120
D 120-130
D 130-140
D 140-150
D 150-160
152
,3...,,3...,,3...,,3..., ,.3..., ,.3..., .3., .3., .3 .... 3., ,.3..., ,3...,
In I) JU J» AJ PI $ ) J»»$ I AJ P) » J» I $ $ ) fo») I
2 3 4
3., 3., 3., 3., .3..., .3..., .3..., .3..., ,.3-, ,3..., 3., ,3...,
I"·~ ~ · ~I
5
- ,. I ~"~, ~ 6
7 ,
~ ~ ~
I L * ~~
i, * I-~ * , ~ *
,3~ 3 3-. ,3..., ,.3..., ,3 ~ r3 ~ 3
In ,I ~~
L· ~ ,I
~ - )) $
I * ~) - 1$ I~$ @I
9 10 11 12
.3..., ,3..., .3..., ,3..., ,.3..., ,3-. ,3..., ,.3--. ,.3..., ,...3--. r3--.
In
13
,r,~~~ ~~~
7 i I
14
* ~~ ~~~
r , 7 I
15
** ~~
e, ~ I
16
~~
r, ~ -
3 .3., 3 3 .3-. 3 3-. 3-. .3..., ,.3..., 3
II
17
m») $ m I JJ $ 18
I);;J I)'
19
~ h ~~ ~ I
). ) ) leSe.,
20
3 .3 ., 3 3 3 3 3 3 -. , 3 ..., ,. 3 -. , 3., I'" 3 -,
In ~)
~'S ~ W ~~
~ I"~ ~ ~))
IS s ~ S r~ ~ r~~ ) cl
' rl ~ 7
21 22 23 24
,.3..., ,.3..., ,.3-, ,.3..., ,3..., 3 .3, ,3., .3~ 3 .3-. ,3...,
II ) )}» ) }> I) )» ) ) PI) J> ;n I) ) »1 ) » I JJ I) ) ~

25 26 27 28
.3-. ,3..., ,3~ 9 r3~ .3..., ,3..., .3..., .3..., ,3..., .3-. ,3-,
I" }» 1) 1)1$
3
P$ g I )~ L "
~)~)
i , I , ))~
i ,
))~
rl
*29 30 31 32
,3~ ,3..., 3-. .3..., .3-. 3 ,3-. 3 3 ,3..., 3 3 .3, 3
I" ) r~ ) ~L~~)
33
~~
· L I* L
34
~~~
71 *31 *31 * ~)
35
r I,~ ~
~ ~ ~
;11 36
3 ,3~ .3..., ,3..., .3, 3 ,9..., ,3~ 3 3-. ,3..., ,3...,
~ ~ §! I s~)) ~ 61) ) * r~) II

In - "
I
7 , I ~))
r
~
r,
)
r i *- I- ,
37 38 39 40
153
(quarter note IReters)
Checklist
o Three Part Counting J = D 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
D 100-110
D 110-120
o One Part Counting J = D 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
D 100-110
D 110-120
D 120-130
D 130-140
D 140-150
D 150-160
154
,-3--, 3., ,3-, r3-, ,3--. r3-,
) d J> do I ) zbb) :l> ~) I

2 3
3 /1
In ,JJ~a;n, J I) !) ) ))U ) 1> I

4
3 ,3-,
5
~3-, /1
6
r3-. r-/1-, /1
iJd
~3-,
J>, a 3
In i )), ,J, 3 3
7 8 9
3 r3 -, ,.3 -, 3 3 ,.3 -,
;E) ;t>;t» m I fJ ;t»

3 3 3
In
) )J._ffi I
,I ) ) ) )
10 11 12 *
6., r-3-, ,. 3 .--, 3., 3.,
, ) , ,)
3 3 ~ 3--. 3
In J. ,) fJ I ,J fJ *
).
I ).
13
* 14 15
*
In -
16 17 18
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ~3-, 3 r3-, r-3-,
I" )RfflW J]] 8lJJJ J]}}TI I J P) ) L) J>j 1 Jl I

19 20 21
22 23 24
25 26 27
3 3 a a
I" ,DJDTBml ,
28 29 30
31 32 33
3 ,.3 --.
) ) ~) I
In
34
I"
35
1 36
155
Notes
II
156
Sixteenth Note Triplets
Counting Systems
1).... Count sixteenth triplets

(6 part counting)
Play IHtIl----i~~....-:......:~~..IIIL...........IIIE......JIIIL.....lII~~~L...-......L--llL..~~
Tap quarter notes
2) ......... Count eighth notes 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

(2 part counting) 8
Play 1"1 fJJJJJf

Tap quarter notes
3)........ Count quarter notes 1 2 3 4

(1 part counting)
Play
Tap quarter notes
III; fJJJJJf JJJfJJJ
8 3 3
rmI 3
157
Sixteenth Note Triplets
Checklist
1) D Six Part Counting J = D 40-44

D 44-48
D 48-52
D 52-56
D 56-60
2) D Two Part Counting J = D 40-52

D 52-64
D 64-76
D 76-88
D 88-100
3) D One Part Counting J = D 40-55

D 55-70
D 70-85
D 85-100
D 100-115
158
6 6 6 6 6 6
z
I ) ,I I£/lW))))))J))))J)))J))I) ))D))) ))))))1
2 3
nn
33333333 33 33
In B B I~ml D ))))J)D ))J))~I

4 5 6
)
In
7 8 9
III , J> )))) ) ;EJ I )

10 11 12
In
3 3
mJ) ))JJj)] ) )))I,]D) , mBIE,

3 3 3 3
m) d))) 3 3
13 14 15
In
16
6
d)))))) )hB
3 3
mJ I ))))))))))))Jj)] )
17
6 6 3
18
, h, h, ) ,
z z Z
h
I
m, ,00, m, ml ) ml ml m'l
3 3 3 3 333 3
In 1 ) ) zI l)3)l
19 20 21
6 3 33 33 3 3 3 3
In J n ))J))Jm 1 I' )))m, 1 mm1 1;lV) Jj)] ) )JjJ )))1

22 .23 24
6 3 6 3 33 3 3 3
In .wh)m) )))))))])1 ) ))))3), J1jJ 1 ml ) 1 mJ

2S 26 27
, mJ
3 3
z
I 77 I~~)
III
28 29 30
mn il1J m, I))))))) )J)JID J II

6 6 3 3 3 6 3 3
) ,
j))~) I~ I)))))
7 "Z I'
In
31 32 33
159
Quarter Note Triplets
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
o 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-150 _ _ _ __
D 150-160 _ _ _ __
160
3 3 3 3 .--3--, .--3--, r3...., ,3.., r3., ,3., ~3--w .-3---,
I" I8J:.JJJ 8J:.kDl ) )) ) ) ) I) t)) ) Jt») I)) )) )) I

2 3 4
3 3 ....... 3-.. r3...., ,3.., ....... 3---w
III ) mJJJ) I) )))) I) ) zb.))) I) ) J J )

5 6 7 8
....... 3 - . . r---3 - - , ....... 3 - . . r---3 - - ,
) ) ) ) ) ) ) J ) ) ) I ) ) -
In
* I I I 7
9 10 11
* * 12
r--3 ---w r---3.-, r--3 --. r---3 - - .
In ~ ~ ~ ~ I~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ I- ~ ~ ~ I
13
* 14 15
* * 16
....... 3--. ....... 3-.. ....... 3--. ....... 3--.
~ ~ ~ "Z~
z~
I~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ t I ~ z~ z~
z: ~ It -z: z ~
III Z
17 18
* 19
* 20
I" ))))))11)))))111))))1)1))))1
21 22 23 24
....... 3 - . . r-- 3 --. ....... 3 - . . r-- 3 - . . ....... 3 - . . r-- 3 --. ....... 3 ----, r-- 3 ---.
....... 3 ---, r-- 3 - . . ....... 3 - . . r-- 3 - . . ....... 3 - . . r-- 3 --. ....... 3 - . . r-- 3 ---w
I" ))))1)1)))))11)))1)$1))$$))1
29 30 31 32
....... 3 - . . r--3 --. ....... 3 - . . r--3 - . . ....... 3 - . . r--3 --. ....... 3 - . . r--3---w
III )) 1)) 11*)) 1)) 1*) 1) *) 1*) 1)) 11

33 34 35 36
....... 3 - . . r--3--... ,......3-.. r--3-.. ,......3-.. r--3--. ~3-.. ~3---.
III
37'
*) *t ) til t )
38
J t ) I ) 1 ) 1 ) tit ) J t t ) II
39 40
161
Half Note Triplets
(quarter note _eters)
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-11o _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-13o _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-150 _ _ _ __
D 150-160 _ _ _ __
162
a a a· at ~a ---. ,a ..... ,a.."a ..... ,a.., r----a---,
In 18J:1Dmml J ~ J 1k;P})j P)J 1 J J J 1

2 3 4
r3., ra .., ra ..... r6-. .-a ~a~ ~a ---, • a
I" 5
z~
I
~ U JUi I j J J
h
6
I )j
7
U U IJ 8
J J
~a~ ~3---, ~a-----,
a a 3 a • a
I~ ~ ~
r---I
III ~ l ~ l ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~!! I~ ~ ~
9 * 10 11 12
r---3 • a r---a a
In
13
~ ~ - I~
14
- ~ I-
15
~ ~ I
16
- - ~
a • a • a • • a
In
17
- ~ - I~
18
- - I19
~
Z ~ ~ ;J
I~
20
~ ~ ~
a , i a , i a , i a ,
III ~ ~ ~ ~ Il ~ ~ ~ I Z~ l j z~ I ~ l ~ z~ I
21 22 23 24
i a , I a , • a I I a
In
z;J ~ ~ I~ ~ l ~ I~ ~ ~ l I~ ~ ~
25 * 26 27 28
i a , i a i i 3 , i a ,
z~ ) ~ ) J I) J J ~
)1 J ~ ) ) )1 ~ ) ~ z~ Z~ )
In
29
z
30
z
31
z
32
z z
I
i a , i a • • a , • a ,
In ~ ~ l )1 ~ l ~ J I~ ~ ~ l )1 l ~ J l ~ II
33 34 35 36
163
Eighth. Quarter. Half Note
Triplets
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-150 _ _ _ __
D 150-160 _ _ _ __
164
3 3 ,-3--, .-3---, 3 3 r--3----, 3 3
1111 ill)))) 2 ) 1*)),l];)')I) *) *3)) 'I

2 3
..- 3 -., .-- 3 -., . - - 3 ----, .-- 3 -., 3 3 3
I I * ) ) * ) ) 1* ) ) * ) ) Ifj],l]; * ,7;1
4 5 6
3 ~3--, 8.., --I --3---
I I "))))).IJ J ) J
7 8 9
3 3 3 . - - 3 ----, .--3 - . , ,..3....., ,...3....., ,.3.....,
I I ffi&l* ml*))) J) 1»)* ))')1

10 11 12
.3 .., 3 3 " 3 -. . - - 3 ----, .-- 3 - . , r-- 3 ~ r--- 3 ---,
I I J»
13
n; fj] ) kl) 14
* ) * ) * I * ), * ) * )
15
3 r3...., ...-3---..., r--3--.
I I )))')))*1)))*
16 17 18
3 3 r--3----. ,3..., 3 3 3 --I --3----.
In )) 1:2 ) tJ ) k I ) »,7; Q ;n I J J
19 20 21
3 3 3 3 ,..3.....,
I I DJ:JJJ_m JJJgg)) *
22 23 24
I) ) ) -
25 26 27
• 3 3 3 3 3
III
J J J ,) ) ) ) ) ) ,fD)JJ DJ:JJJII
28 29 30
165
Checklist
t & i (¢)

(all triplets - three part counting) 6O-SO D
SO-I00 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
(all triplets - six part counting) 48-56 D
56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
54-68 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
6O-SO D
SO-I00 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
166 '\
Transport to Jupiter
In "[
3
J, ill RgJ
2
3
ill )~. 1m )>). DJ I »).

3
3 3
4
"[ J>"[ »I
~II~· 5
i)) 111 d, )) ) ID"[ )mn I )..
6 7 8
»
z
I
9 10 11 12
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13 14 15
11.
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17
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$ $ a I $'
19
z
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r" ' $ :11
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167
Checklist
t & i (¢)

(all triplets - three part counting) 60-80 D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
(eighth note triplets - six part counting) 48-56 D
(quarter note triplets - three part counting) 56-72 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
SO-loo D
100-120 D
120-140 D
168
Midnight Oil
2 3 4
tJ I d. ,bJ , hI' h, ,bd

z
z ) I) Z
I ~ ~ I I
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In J .. ,p I - ;Q
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h 'i1 1) ) J ) "I J. I))) J * RIB * - :11
13 14 15 16
2. 113. To Coda ~
1 11--11 ~CJ hi) ). h -w-
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In ) ) ? , z; z I £. z;; £ :11 r , r I * zJ. I
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17 18 19 20
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25 26 27 28
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I (No Repeats ) Z ?
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* 30 31 32
33 34 35 36
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,b) n 1"1 ,b)
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39 40 .fine
II
169
Checklist
t & i (¢)

80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
60-80 D
80-1()() D
100-120 D
120-140 D
170
In the Dog House Again
1 2 3 4
@
»1, ) -»,) J> In m) n I
3
In IpJ
5
n s I')' J»
6 7 8
3 3 3 r- 3 ---, r-- 3 ---,
In
9
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10
J>, J> * m1 *
11
m))) I ) )
12
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13 14 15 16
12• .--- 3 ----. 11 3 •

-»mmm
r- 3 --. r- 3 ----. 3 3 3
In t))))) IS) )) S :11' l

) JU J» I
17 18 19 20
I~ ,)), ~D;PJ J)J. ~I*

21 22 23
;! ,~t I)
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25 26 27 28
29 30 31 32
I, P)
2
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33 34 35 36
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f§lu~*~)~)~)~)~)~I~$~))~)~)~)~I*~)~)~)~)~)II~$~J~,~g~II(Jf~~Pea:J!":oo)
37 38 39 40 fine
171
Checklist
t & i (¢)

(all triplets - three part counting) 6O-SO D
80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
72-88 D
88-104 D
68-82 D
82-96 D
96-120 D
6O-SO D
SO-I00 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
172
Cliche
In J))) *~ PBJ DJ I' pm}). 2 I

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11. :11
1 2 3 4
r-- 3----,
5 6
I * ) )),
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}I I
8
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~ 3 3
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9 10 11 12
n .'
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,
r-- r--
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4 4
In
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+ 20
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$ ')1'»$
22
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37 38 39 40
* fine
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173
t Checklist

80-100 D
100-120 D
120-140 D
65-90 D
90-115 D
115-140 D
140-165 D
48-52 D
52-56 D
56-60 D
48-56 D
56-64 D
64-72 D
72-80 D
50-60 D
60-70 D
70-80 D
80-90 D
174
Wherels Maynard ?
1 2 3 4
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) )
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In ..., ). IE E I , ~ rh
I~ a $ :11
9 10
* 11
* 12
11.,2. ..--3 ---,
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1
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13 14 15 16
3 3
1
In
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3
18
* * 19 20
1 .
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In
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21 22 23 24
- II
25 26 27 28
@hx ); )
In Ip :l I ....
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29 30 31 32
r--3-,
In .1
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.- Take 3rd EndIng
C0oo.
33 34 35 36
37 38
n I" J.
39 40 fine
II
175
··SWing·· or ··Shuffled··
Sixteenths
The "swing" or "shuffled" sixteenth feel is based on the subdivision

created by the sixteenth note triplet. When writing this feel, straight
sixteenth notation is commonly used. It is understood that the four
sixteenths of every beat are played to coincide with the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and
6th notes of the sixteenth note triplet.
II J J JJ
Written Like:
1 e + d 2 e + d 3 e + d 4 e
1"1 J J J J J J J J J ~ J
Played Like:
1 T T + T T 2 TT +TT 3 T T+TT 4TT+ TT

i 6 i ,-9--. .----8 I r- 9 -,
III I;' JJ! J J! 3 J J! 3Ii JJ :~ 31
176
Counting Systems
Sixteenth Note Figures
Quarter Note Meters

Strive for accuracy ....... Not speed.
1) 4 part counting - Straight and Shuffled Sixteenths
Count 1 e + d 2 e + d 3 e + d 4 e + d
Play In I JJJ JJ JJ JJJ

Tap Foot f f of
F
Count 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
1"1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Play
Tap Foot f f f F
Count 1 2 3 4
Play
Tap Foot
In 2 J J J J J
f f f
JJ
F~ J J
177
Checklist
1) D Straight and shuffled sixteenths - 4 Part Counting J = 0 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
2) D Straight and shuffled sixteenths - 2 Part Counting J = D 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
o 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
178
Rhythm Study
[!]
1 e + d
I" 1 r r r r
II]
1 e + d
III
E ~
ITI 1 e + d
III r r ~
[i]
1 e + d
I" ~ E r
e + d
[I]
e + d
I" 'I
E r
IIJ II]
1 e + d 1 e + d
I" ~
!j
I F
e + d
rn ~ l II
179
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
180
10 I ssszW1 D B n n 1mmnJ mI ,FJ1f]JJ)J]1
2 3 4
I" ,L,hhL, L,
~ L~ I' ;~ ,2,
~ ;, Ir, L,
~ )s~ ~ r,
~ L,
~ I'~, ' ~, ):,
~ ;~ , I
S 6 7 8
In 1E§D DID D mm1

9 10 11
mmf]f]1 IJ)JJj~ ~~ ~I
12
I" ~ P~ P~ n~ ;01 ~ ))~ ))P~ P~ IP~ P, n, n~ I;O~

13 14 15 16
n, mhDJI
I" )
17
,rmn mIfJ), »~)))
18
I))~ ~ , 1m I'
19 20
n, @g
III , W, ~ ;hI * 1 J)) * In~ n~ 1 n~ ;01 iJ)JJ)nJ nJ I
21 22 23 24
I"
25
mmJ]f]1 mam JJ)I maJ]EJ I;0, f],;bn~ I
26 27 28
I" , S))J ~ ,01 n~ BD , )1 w,

29 30 31
», mI))' D~) 1
32
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I" r"
33
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L~I
34
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3S
L, 36
L, ; , r,
38
,
I" P~) n~ P, 1~ nn~ nE, 1alE, ~ nl ~ PE JJ)DJ II
37 39 40
181
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ __
182
Rhythm study
IT]
1 e + d
I" 1 fEE ~
III 0
I"
1
E
e
E ~
+
,
d
I
1
~
e
r
+
F
d
0 IT]
1 e + d 1 e + d
III e f ~ r I F E r
II]
1 e + d
III
E ~ If-
J•
[II
1 e + d
I" If EJ f
[I] [I]
III
1
E
, r,
e + d
I E
1 e +
F
d
(!2J
1 e + d
III I/: ~ 'I:

F
lW
r , ll- r
1 e + d
III
l!]
1 e + d
I"
If
~ 7.
[!]
I"
:t
1 e
,~
+ d
II
183
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
184
I" I ,w,m,m,ml mm )jJ m I m;m,m,m yl
2 3
I" 4 S
PEge QilP;) I
D) FJj fJ) D) I@@4£fiI'1
6
I"
7
,?i,D"D"J),1 n n n n I1Pili2,tp,li2,1
8 9
I" 2S
;;g,m W@I ,D,E ,m,n,1 &P&4£§1
26 27
In ) yD y* ) y,) I $ , m $ 4n I $ m y t zf"3 ,~ I
28 29 30
In l m,t ,iPl,m$ JiBt Im,$ ,nIt I

31 32 33
I" 34
),,)$ t,D, '~I'~
3S
q=ZPa;p,V,14 nm v,))J)11
36
185
Checklist
1) D Straight and shuffled sixteenths - 4 PdI1 Counting J = D 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
186
In I))))D m1 ~I) R1 f))
2
Jj1 1»1 »1 fi'D,2#1
3
4 5 6
In FJj,,b
7
n m I» 1 J)1 1 J)JiDI D,',h)fo 1 61
8 9
10 11 12
13 14 15
16 17 18
19 20 21
In ,
22 * 23 24
25 26 27
In ))))s
28
lr:, ,),)1) ) ) ) ))))s 11 fo;p£lJ,'J§11
29 30
In fy,)l PiB 1,,'11 prA 'i,',))'Iii'.=mnz;,?i?1

31 32 33
34 35 36
187
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
l88
RhythlD study
II] 1 e + d
III 1 r r r r I
III 1 e + d
In
II]
~ r
1 e + d
In r ~ ~
lI1 1 e + d
In
r r r
[II
In
, e +
p
d
In
[I]
,
1 e +
r r
d
[I] 1 e + d
In
r
[!] 1 e + d
In
II]
E
1
r' e + d
In
[ill
f
1
r r
e +
rd
--.
In
E ~ J
[!!] 1 e + d
In
lTI1
f
1
e
e +
r d
--.
III f r j
[!] 1 e + d
--.
In
[!]
r
1 e +
j
d
In 1 p'
I}]
In
,.
1 e + d
p II
189
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ __
190
In I I' 4 s D)) IS' } s
1 2
mI1l! s s ,mI ~ s m,
3 4
In 1 f)lJ)s I yES D·I 1 a 1 ,D I, :Ds , Ds

5 6
* 7 8
In ,E 1 * ,EJ I * n" ,BI' lJ), NI DJ s )

*
9 10 11 12
I"
13
1m, ,)1, 1m s "/»,
14
I1m, , "/·1'1, JWJB, I
15 16
-
17 18 19 20
I" ,·)D))s "/,hl m,)1,l)js I) mEED Iynn.n ,n I

21 22 23 24
I"
25
"/)), nyn n I,26
n"D£I)1 D, JIJ)
27
1m
28
yffl,)1 I
In lJ.
33
n ,n , }j1,E D,
34
n'I,D£I)JJml,D\)1J)J 1m11
35 36
191
Checklist
Counting' System m.m. Date Completed

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
o 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
o 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
o 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
192
In IS #))l· MJ 11 )!z?\zbE),) I»JJD.,!DyDn, ))1
2 3 4
5 6 7 8
In l·~!Af)n I!E
9 10
a!mS IJm1 JU !Dll ))£J.mm I
11 12
In
17
!DAnm11 nyj}m !AI m illt
18 19
1'~))1»1 ~Jml
20
In
21
mmm$ 11 P, Pl'),'~ ,.))
22 23
B' yRll P)
24
n n· 1
25 26 27 28
In
29
1))1 ¥ ,,0 I) ) ;my, ~ !ftN 1 P!E In.n.yByBI
30 31 32
33 34 3S 36
193
Checklist

o 50-60
o 60-70
D 70-80
o 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

o 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
o 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
o 90-100 ._ _ __
D 100-11o _ _ _ __
o 110-120 _ _ __
D 120-13o _ _ _ __
o 130-140 _ _ __
194
II l;rn t d. DI fJl ill d.. ~ I
2 3
m, AOJI n n'~pb mI
4
I I ).. ~ Jl £)1 )), I

5 6 7
)), pml fn f n ).. 1)'
8
n$ SI
II J fBfD I) DR flDl fmm)J)I »1 yD , Df J2,JI

9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19
m JJJ Iam zW ~I
20
I I DD. &en, IJlWJ§ APl yDf f 4

21 22 23
D i¥1 {Df1LP? fl\1
24
25 26 27 28
29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36
195
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
196
2 3 4
5 6 7 8
In qfJJ ,IJ, ))1 yzh £), ,bJII i?~D~~, £)1 *. I)).. ~I

9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
III
25
1 tn , ,0, ?:pS, N, t)), 1£)' .t)), WI *..
26 27 28
)~)JJJ1
In - 1~1" ~11 - I,ii rJ'

29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40
197
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D ~100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
198
III I "NJ, )) )) I *
2
n m »fJ) ill I f n.J.
1 ,
3 4
,J) I
I" ,R £J J 1,. tE. )) ))1 *

5 6 7
&:JB I! »J7tm 1
8
I" yD 2 "1 D 1 ,OF.) 1 -

9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
I" ..
25
JJtDJ)2?p,ntJ?7?;gE,B,D 1 ,
26 27 28
}2, »IE 1
III
29
,n * £J;gD;:tD·IJ)JJj)))) J)ipJJ J* ,ml
30 31 32
33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40
199
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
D 100-110
D 110-120

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
200
In I mtm~D) 11J_W::JJ,zQgA,. ,E;pn~n, )J)}J I
2 3 4
In J1J) s
5
,ml ~m ,),.~J
6 7
,D:JJ4)1J,.WyE~1
8
9 10 11 12
I I SnJ yzh,ml m)JjviPl £J.! n) I¢J, n, J,ntl

13 14 15 16
I I fl· s s ,iJ I,D):liJ.=,¥ y/J,D,DI ,B) s

17 18 19 20
,tl
I" ) ) J (mn·1 DJ )_""1 JJ~D~n, £?pD~!J·£tD~1

21 22 23 24
I" ,p,£tD n'l,qmsl,DJJ,DiDI#,1):jJ ,,0 I

25 26 27 28
I" ,D,~
29
J ,zQ? ,·tv lJl:? »s·
30 31
~ pO mJ, ~,EI
32
I" ¢O) i JJ) lim) fV) 113) fA ,AI s JJ., !zlml

33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40
201
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _~_ _
202
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Rhythm Study
2 beats
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Checklist
Counting System m.m. o Date Completed

·0 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
o 80-90
o 90-100 _ _ _ __

0050-60
D 60-70
o 70-80
o 80-90
o 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
o 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
o 60-70
o 70-80
o 80-90
o 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
o 110-120 _ _ _ __
o 120-130 _ _ _ __
00 130-140 _ _ __
206
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207
Checklist
1) D Straight and shuffled sixteenths - 4 Pcut Counting J = D 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ __
208
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21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28
29 30 31 32
209
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
210
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Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
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213
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
2) 0 Straight and shuffled sixteenths - 2 Part Counting J = D 40-50

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
214
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Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
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217
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ __
218
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219
Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-11o _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
220
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Checklist

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
222
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D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __

D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100 _ _ _ __
D 100-110 _ _ _ __
D 110-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-130 _ _ _ __
D 130-140 _ _ _ __
224
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227
Compound Time
A time signature may be considered a "Compound Time Signature" when its
numerator is divisible by three (6, 9, 12, 15 etc.). An alternate, underlying pulse,
other than the one established by the denominator, can be created using dotted notes.
Here we have a bar of six-eight. By defination there is a pulse of six and the
eighth note gets the beat.
Since the numerator is a multiple of three, we can also establish an alternate

pulse of two, using two dotted quarter notes.
III B J J J J
f· f·
Here we have a bar of twelve-eight. By defination there is a pulse of twelve
and the eighth note gets the beat.
Since the numerator is a multiple of three, we can also establish an alternate

pulse of two, using four dotted quarter notes.
By using Compound Time Signatures composers can write rhythms based on

three and six part subdivisions of the pulse without having to use artificial
groupings. Here is an example of two measures that contain exactly the same
rhythms. One in four-four and one in twelve-eight. Notice how the triple rhythms
occur naturally in the twelve-eight bar but must be artificially notated in the
four-four bar.
a ra..., ra..., 6
1111 fJJf )~ JfJ JJJ J I
IIII f) Jf. )~J f~JJJJ I

228
COlllpound Tillie
Counting Systems
1)...... Count sixteenth notes

(2 part counting)
Play III B
Tap eighth notes
2)......... Count eighth notes

(1 part counting) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Tapeighili:: 1118 ~ Jf J~ ~ ~ J~
3) ...... Count sixteenth notes

(2 part counting) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 +
Play B~~IIIE...-..lJ~J~J:...-..J~J.___J~J___J-----II
1Ht-i11
Tap dotted quarter notes '--'"----If~·-----1r.-...=------..J
4) ......... Count eighth notes

(1 part counting) 4 5 6
Play
Tap dotted quarter notes

f. J JJ
5).Count dotted quarter notes
(alternate pulse) 1~1==I==r-' 2
Play III B~) J J J J. JJ J

Tap dotted quarter notes &.--....:~.pIEr....:..------frK..:.....------J
229
COIDpound TilDe
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths............... J> = D 80-100

D 100-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
2) D Count eighths - Tap eighths ..........•....... J> = D 100-120 _ _ _ __

D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
D 180-200 _ _ _ __
3) D Count sixteenths - Tap dotted quarters...... J. = D 40-45

D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
4) D Count eighths - Tap dotted quarters ........• J. - D 55-60
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
5) D Count dotted quarters - Tap dotted quarters.J. = D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
230
Rhythm study
[!] II] [II 0

In H r'
1 + 2 + 3 +
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P II
+
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231
COlllpound Tillie
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths ............... J> = D 80-100

D 100-120
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160
D 160-180
2) D Count eighths - Tap eighths .................. J> = D 100-120
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 180-200
3) D Count sixteenths - Tap dotted quarters ...... J. = D 40-45
D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
4) D Count eighths - Tap dotted quarters ......... J. - D 55-60
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
5) D Count dotted quarters - Tap dotted quarters. J. = D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
o 80-90
D 90-100
232
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11 12 13 14 15
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46
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233
COlllpound Tillie
Checklist
1) 0 Count sixteenths - Tap eighths ............... J> = 0 80-100

o 100-120 _ _ _ __
o 120-140 _ _ _ __
o 140-160 _ _ _ __
o 160-180 _ _ _ __
2)0 Counteighths-Tapeighths .................. J> = 0 100-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160
o 160-180
D 180-200
o 45-SO
D SO-55
D 55-60
o 60-65
4)0 Counteighths-Tapdottedquarters......... J. - D 55-60
D 60-65
o 65-70
D 70-75
o 75-80
5) 0 Count dotted quarters - Tap dotted quarters. J. = D 50-60
D 60-70
o 70-80
o 80-90
o 90-100
234
Rhythlll Study
1 + 2 + 3 +
m 1 + 2 + 3 +
----- r E E E E r
1 + 2 + 3 +
In Err r
[1]
1 + 2 + 3 +
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1 + 2 + 3 +
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1 + 2 + 3 +
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----
Err r F
1 + 2 + 3 +
III r rErF
1 + 2 + 3 +
II Err E F II
235
COlllpound Tillie
Checklist
1) 0 Count sixteenths - Tap eighths ............... J) = 0 80- l()()

D 100-120
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
2)0 Counteighths-Tapeighths .................. J) = D 100-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180
D 180-200
D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
236
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237
Compound. Time
Checklist "

D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
2) D Count eighths - Tap eighths.................. J> = D 100-120

D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
o 180-200 _ _ _ __
3) 0 Count sixteenths - Tap dotted quarters...... J. = D 40-45

D 45-50
o SO-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
4)0 COunteighths-Tapdottedquarters......... J. = 0 55-60
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
5) D Count dotted quarters - Tap dotted quarters.J. = D SO-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
o 90-100
238
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2 3 4 5
J
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1
z
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6 10
III ),
11
70) 70 I J PJ ) 70 1"1
14 15
n ~)) ,
16 17 18 19 20
In zb, , ) ) J> 1· JJ) DI

1
21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28
~I ,h,
29
,,) 1
30
z
I ,
I" J h))))) ))1 ) ) JJJ. IJJ) ) ~ ))) I ))))))$. 1"1"1 Jl J.
31 32 33 34 35
I" 361
zb) z I)
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38
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43
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48 49
7
1
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p II
239
Co_pound Ti_e
Checklist

D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180
2) D Count eighths - Tap eighths .................. J> = D 100-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
D 180-200 _ _ _ __

D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
240
Rhythm study
[I]
,
1 + 2 + 3 +
In I
II]
Er E r
r ,
1 + 2 + 3 +
In
E E E
In
0
E ~
1 +
,
2 + 3
E
+
r
[I] rIl
1
U
, + 2 +
,
3 + 1 + 2 + 3 +
In
U *
[I]
In ,
1 + 2
u
+
,
3 +
II] [!]
III 1
1 +
,
2 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 3 +
In
[2J
1
E ~
+
, r
2 + 3 +
[!QI [ll]
1
, + 2 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 3 +
In
r r rl r
[!]
u
+
~
2
r
+
,
3 +
I
1
U
+ 2
F
+ 3 +
In
IT]
, 1 + 2
E ~
+ 3
r
+
[!]
1 + 2 +
,
3 +
In
E Er
[j]
, r
1 + 2 + 3 +
In
E r II
241
COlD pound TilDe
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths ............... J> D

= 80-1()()
D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 180-200 _ _ _ __

D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
242
2 3 4
III )) J )) )), I *.
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
III
1) ) ;=) n
I 1 )))J, I
,E)) , DI m , m ,
13
* 14 15
* 16
In
17
,m, 18 19 20
I~~~~
LZZZZ ,
In ))))"1 , n"l I ,E) ) #J I D, )

$ DI 1), , , fDl
21 22
* 23 24
In
25
"I )~)))))), I)))), "I trnl "I
26 27
m D, 1)11 n n, ) I
28
I , D, , D, I D, ~ , DI ,
;f) ) )~) )
In E1 $ 2 S·
29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36
In )J)), D, DI B, fJJ.
37 38 39 40
243
Compound Time
Checklist

D 100-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180 ~_ _ __
2) D Count eighths - Tap eighths.................. J> = D 100-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
D 180-200
D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
244
In I m zIJ, ,01 1;] B, ) I) », £]1 ,)
2 3 4
J), , I'
5
J))) iJ l
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
In h))J I I ))1 )31 )Jfill D"I )) »1 I fDI ) I D"I I , 1)1

16 17 18 19 20
III )
21
J ))1 )21 I) I zOh));Q1 I m)3) )31)2)
22 23 24
1mI I £J)I ,
25
» I
In
26
J)) I n I) n)).
27
II D"I "I ""'1 D I ) ))))1 I "I ;bn)) I
28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35
In )))))) I DI I AD I)J I ;I) I I

36 37 38
n "I , nI iEI I) I nI ) ~ »I
39 40
In ))J) .gIl· ) )))1 II) "I,f)"I I) ))))))J) I)· "I 1)"1 I

41 42 43 44 45
In I;mB"I I) ))))1 I »1;1)) ) 1 1 ;1)1;1)1 ;I).gl )))))))JJ)) I

46 47 48 49 SO
245
Compound Time
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths............... .'> = D 80-100

D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
2) D Count eighths - Tap eighths.................. .'> = 0 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 180-200
D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
4) D Count eighthS - Tap dotted quarters ......... J. - D 55-60
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
246
Rhyth. study
B,
[!]
1 + 2 + 3 +
In
EE r E r
r r,r r r
[I]
1 + 2 + 3 +
m 1 + 2 + 3 +
II]
1 + 2 + 3 +
.....
10
E~ ~ t Er I E ~ ~ Er I
II] (]] II]
I"
1
r
EE ~
,
+
J
. 2
I E~ E ~
,+
. 3
I E~
+ 1 + 2 + 3
~
+ 1 + 2
E ~
+ 3 +
•
~
In
IIJ
.
1
~
+
E ~
2 +
, 3
j
+
•
II]
1
~
+ 2
E
+
r
3
j
+
•
[!Q) IllJ
1 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 3 +
In
E~ ~ ~• r E r j
•
r
[!] Ill]
1 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 3 +
In
E ~ ~ ~• ~ J• E r r j
•
1 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 3 +
---- f r r 0; II
247
Compound Time
Checklist
1) 0 Count sixteenths - Tap eighths ............... J> = 0 SO-l()()

D 100-120 _ _ _ __
o 120-140 _ _ _ __
o 140-160 _ _ _ __
o 160-1SO _ _ _ __
2)0 Counteighths-Tapeighths.................. J> = 0 100-120 _ _ _ __

o 120-140 _ _ _ __
o 140-160 _ _ _ __
o 160-180
o 180-200
3) 0 Count sixteenths - Tap dotted quarters ...... J. = 0 40-45
o 45-SO
o SO-55
o 55-60
o 60-65
4) 0 Count eighths - Tap dotted quarters ......... J. - 0 55-60
o 60-65
o 65-70
o 70-75
D 75-80
5) 0 Count dotted quarters - Tap dotted quarters.J. = D SO-60
o 60-70 .
o 70-80
o 80-90
o 90-100
248
I" I ,))))),)))))1 D,'DJ] JJJI )J)),RJJjJ)1 ) D,') -J) )1
2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
I"
25
n,nJJ )) I -1) J ) t ·
26
If
27
zzzz~z11
28
rz ill
I) ) ) J) 'Dll] ) )~ ) 'I
29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40
249
COnlpound Tinle
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths............... J> = D 80- l()()

o 100-120
o 120-140 _ _ _ __
o 140-160
D 160-180
2)0 Count eighths - Tap eighths.................. J> = 0 100-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
D 180-200 _ _ _ __
3) 0 Count sixteenths - Tap dotted quarters...... J. = 0 40-45
D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
5) D Count do~ quarters - Tap dotted quarters.J. = D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
250
I" I' m ))~)) 1m, ) )).01 i) ) m I IJ) ~)
2 3
)1
4
1 nl
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
III 13
, »
- ,
14 15 16
In
17
By)) ~ i ~ )1
18
~~~~
7 ;'1 ) )
I )))),)t
19
~
z
I JJ
20
~ '1 , 1)1
I"
21
1) t n I IJ
22
1 )) 1) I ) n)
23
n )nil 1 ;b)
24
lJ , 1
III ;))) 1 n I ) )) J)!) ) ) I )J JJ) En 1 I ) 1 n) ) ) 1
25 26 27 28
III
29
Dy,nm 1 I ')')i)dJ , 1 11 ))))1))
30 31
I)·
32
y)))))1
33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40
251
Compound Time
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths ............. .. J> = D 80- l()()

D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 180-200
D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
252
Rhythm Study
II]
1 + 2 + 3 +
I" H r F"
II]
1 + 2 + 3 +
In ~.
p'
m 1 + 2 + 3 +
0 1 + 2 + 3 +
[I]
1 + 2 + 3 +
I" ~F'_____j......-.Iiiiiiiiiiii~F r F' E E F ~ ~ ~• E F

~ 1 + 2 + 3 +
rL1 1 + 2 + 3 +
III r rEF' I r=====-

r r F_i_-----'
II]
1 + 2 + 3 +
III
E
I2J [Q]
,.
1 + 2 + 3 +
,.
1 + 2 + 3 +
In r e r
In
(ill
1
F
+ 2
r-
+ 3
j
+
tf
(g)
1
~
+ 2
F
+
,
3
j
+
tf
[!]
1 + 2 + 3 +
I" r E F'
~ 1 + 2 + 3 +
I" C r r
~ 1 + 2 + 3 +
III
E er :-ti
l!iJ 1 + 2 + 3 +
[!]
1 + 2 + 3 +
[!!]
1 + 2 + 3 +
I" F" r J r ~ j
tf
~ ~
tf
r ~ ~ j
tf
[!2J IiQ]
1 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 2
, + 3 +
In
r --w
~ ~ r ~ ~ r II
253
COlllpound Tillie
Checklist
1) 0 Count sixteenths - Tap eighths............... J> = 0 80-100

D 100-120 _ _ _ __
o 120-140
o 140-160 _ _ _ __
o 160-180 _ _ _ __
2)0 Counteighths-Tapeighths.................. J> = 0 100-120 _ _ _ __
o 120-140 _ _ _ __
o 140-160
o 160-180
D 180-200
3) 0 Count sixteenths - Tap dotted quarters...... J. = D 40-45
o 45-SO
D SO-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
4) D Count eighths - Tap dotted quarters ......... J. = D 55-60
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
5) 0 Count dotted quarters - Tap dotted quarters.J. = D 50-60
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
254
In I £J. £J. 11' ;b l' ,h I).)n)')))1 n.n·1 1).nl)·,Q1
2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
In Dl ill 1m,.).) )1 DJ lD IS· ). )n I J.) JJ D. I

21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45
46 47 48 49 50
255
COlllpound Tillie
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths............... J> = D 80- l()()

D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 180-200
D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
256
In B' li~ID
i z F2. I
z z 1 I~~~I~
i z z·
Z Z Z
jjii~i b o~~3~~11
1,7,7'7J'ri ;;;", I
2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
II
13
1).) J n I)
14
))))J J "I JJ ) Jrm l J
15 16
J ,b)~JJ) I
17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28
In
29
7
I
vB,','1 30
JJ. Z
I Ed I ,) yJ yJt·
31
I
32
,b , ,) ) I
Z
33 34 35
37 38 39 40
257
COlllpound Tillie
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tapeighths ............... J> :::z D 80-100

D 100-120 _ _ _ __
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180 _ _ _ __

D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
D 180-200 _ _ _ __

D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
258
2 3
10 fJJ.DyJD) I DI)j )). J,) ) )1,0,) )))j) I I ~I

4 5 6
In ,.ml]))"))I) d))), B ill I J) ) ), ))"1 nJ ,1)1

7 8 9
III )
10
J Dn, "I , n I)')))) JJ In) ) I)
11 12
"I ) ) E) ). ~i31
13 14 15
16 17 18
II
19
ny ),') JJ! nl E) EJJ! £)J I' fJ)).) ))),)) I
20 21
22 23 24
I I ) 1>!l) ))))))IJIJ y) ) )).)) I;] ) JJ) ))J J)I

25 26 27
III iIJ ) ;) )) ;)'1 ,on )~ ).);J ),01 n. )))))). zE);)'11

28 29 30
259
Compound Time
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths ............... !> D 80-100

D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
2) D Count eighths - Tap eighths .................. !> = D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 180-200
D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
260
In I ))))))). ann) nJ) ) 'I) "I
2
8"1 m ,GJJ ,),),)1
In £J, ))))y)})
3
an) E) 11
4
n1 1 1 }l) ;), m"j'1
In
5
E) nJ2 , 1 ).)))Y)))))11
6
)))))))), ) 1) ,m I
In
7
n1 ) ill 1 ) ,0"1 ) nI) 8
"I 1).) y))))) n 1 nI
9 10
11 12
~;) ~ ~. ~ ~ ,0"1 zEj ~

r ~ z~ ~ ~ §~
III
13
~ I
14
~ ~
In
15
)1 ~) t-r) ) ) 11 ~ ~
Z 1 ~ I ~"I
16
1 l' m~y~~) ~Y)I
III
~ *. ~. ~ ~ ~. ) I ) ) ~ ~) ) i:r~ ) ~ ))~) ~
I
17
* 18
~ ~ }l ~~ ~ ~ I ~ ;). ~ z~
r:. ~ ~
z-
~
z:
In II
19
* * 20
*
261
Compound Time
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths............... J> = D 80-100

D 100-120
D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160
D 160-180 _ _ _ __

D 120-140 _ _ _ __
D 140-160 _ _ _ __
D 160-180 _ _ _ __
D 180-200 _ _ _ __

D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
262
In B ' z z z z,-~,' , Z Z Z ZJ' 1))))))" 4g) an) ) )~I
2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
III JJ. J , B I) )))), ,

13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28
n~n,),2¥J), ~ ~~ I ,) ,J , ) s' I ~ , , ~
I j
III ,1z
- Z (I
29 30 31 32
I" J , ) ))))4Df)n~DJ·1 13. ,. 11 I J. ) ))) ;).:-1

33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40
263
Compound Time
Checklist
1) 0 Count sixteenths - Tap eighths ............... J> = D 80-100

D 100-120
D 120-140
o 140-160
D 160-180
2) D Count eighths - Tap eighths .................. J> = 0 100-120
o 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 180-200
o 45-50
D 50-55
o 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
264
I ~~ ~ ~~~~ 3 --crJ I ~
2 3
III ,)JJ.:.-D,JE)
4
,Ed) )). 'f) ) kP, U33)) , , »1
5 6
7 8 9
I" J ) IIp:t' :t W·JJ));]

10 11
'_nJ Ad) , k;J nk).Jn~1
12
13 14 15
I" ,)J')J~£J., )))1} ) )

16 17
-P, , ,),),)1
18
t· n 2.. ~1). LI
I" .P,',{) Vi
19
¥) aA t £lJ 1:tlJ)j·d ~;S,)LI
20 21
22 23 24
In
I
Z' ;h ,
25 26 27
28 29 30
265
Compound Time
Checklist
1) D Count sixteenths - Tap eighths ............... »=D 80-100

D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
2) D Count eighths - Tap eighths .................. » = D 100-120
D 120-140
D 140-160
D 160-180
D 180-200
D 45-50
D 50-55
D 55-60
D 60-65
D 60-65
D 65-70
D 70-75
D 75-80
D 60-70
D 70-80
D 80-90
D 90-100
266
In ,)))))V·'h:)3J 1}JJ ) aJ
2
y JJ y D}-nf~')ftl
3 4
III DJ fr)"I "I ). )))f~))))1 "I ))))))))"1) iJ 'm~1

5 6
III .f)"I
7
2LfoJ "I ) n"l J l2Y 8
"I i). ) f)))))fi, DI
I" "I Ed ))) U J. VJ. J I )0) '-sD ,a n "I , l'-laq

9 10
In Ja:D
11
"I B 1#) ]J))),tn f '(D f 'f3:q
12
In \nsf'
13
jJ;) k). ) ) 8, , J) I
14
~ ) ,I ,
z z
I 11-;=, Z
I
III ,). )) ;:) ) ) ,. Jl) "I ) I JJ"I "I "I'}V::JJyJD) Dytl

15 16
I" J) 17
$
18
In ,)
~ ~ $ ~ $ !)j ) ~
z
I
) J~. $ ,b ) ~- ~ ~ II
19 20
267
Notes
In
In
In
In II
268
Mixed Subdivisions
3 3 3 .3., 3 .3.,
In I) n mSlmmn) l,zh,JJi5J i zWl yDJ;J)» I

2 3 4
r--3--. ,3..., ,...-3-..
5 6 7 8
.3..., .3., ,3..., .3., ,-3---, ,...- 3 ---, 3 3
In d. ))»))>d I) » , d ) ) ) I )J~n ) ) ) I in JJ in ,JJ I

13 14 15 16
3 .3..., ,3..., r--3-..
n. n; n. ffi
3 3
III I J. ill Iill , ) i,o , ) I in) ) ) "~I

17 18 19 20
333 r-- 3 -.. ,...- 3 -..
In ,b) ) ) » I J))) ill ill ;n I)' »).. }I) 1) 1) 1I

21 22 23 24
r- 3 --., r-- 3 ----.
In ;~ c~ ;~ I i'i
~ ~A ~h~
;;; ~ I I r,
r: r, ~I r~ ~~ r: , r~ 1- :~ 1 ~
7 1I
25 26 27 28
3 ~3 , 3 3
In nel Q lid) J ) ) 1))' g , AD ill I») ) D) I

29 30 31 32
3 ,...-3-.. 3 3
In ») D i ) )) 31 mj))jj) )1 yllm~m:pOOI)'
33 34 35 36
,bM I
,...- 3--.
37 38 39 40
269
2 3 4
3 6 3 9
101mB JTI;pP)))) £W n I £bO::J1 JJ ) ) ~ ~ I 1

5 6 7 8
I I I)) ) J))
9 10 11 12
III J.
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
r-- 3 ------.
In
22 23 24
.-3----.
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25 26 27
3 3 r3~ ,9..., ~3~
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29 30 31 32
9 r--- 9 ---. ,.. 3 --,
III
Jr)JJ ) ZI ~I ).. to I ) "I J * IL) ~ ~I
33 34 35
* 36
.m n)
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II J-) ) ) ) I) B In IhID)))))),o1 II
37 38 39 40
270
Acknowledgellients
I would like to thank the entire faculty and staff of M.I.

(Musicians Institute). I consider it an honor and a pleasure to have
been associated with these great musicians and educators for the
past seventeen years.
A special thanks to my first and most influential teacher,

Dave Boumazian ("Mr. B"); a great educator, friend and mentor
to thousands during his 30 plus years of teaching.
For their technical support I would like to thank Alexis

Sklarevski, Bobby Gabriele, David Oakes, Ed Zajac, Bruce
Buckingham, Jeff Steele and Frank Ayrado. Their phone numbers
and willingness to help out the "computer illiterate" were among
my most valuable assets during the long hours working on this
project.
This book is dedicated to my beautiful wife Val, and my

terrific son Brandon, who give me love and inspiration on a daily
basis.
271
ESSENTIAL Blues Bass
CONCEPTS hy Alexis Sklarevs!Ji
Designed/rom All core 00695150 Book/CD ........ $17.95
curriculum programs. Guitar Playing Techniques
by David Oakes
Bass Playing Techniques 00695 171 . . . ... .$12.95
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HL00695145

(Percu) Encyclopedia of Reading Rythms

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ISBN 0 - 7935 - 7379-3

HAL- LEONARD '"

Copyright © 1997 by HAL LEONARD CORPORATION

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form

Visil Hal Leonard Online al

career in 1971 playing clubs throughout the

United States and Canada. In September of

1980 he became the first enrollee in the

Percussion In stitute of Technology (PI.T.) .

Upon graduating in September of 1981 , Gary

was offered a teaching position with the

As well as having years of exte nsive

hands-on teaching experience, he is also

the author of Music Reading for Drums, a

sight-read ing curriculu m that is used as

the basis of the drum reading program . His

expertise in a wide variety of styles and

tec hniques has made him an invaluable

part of the P.I.T. staff.

Gary has conducted drum cli nics in Japan

and the U.S. and co ntinues to maintain a full

schedule of free-lance work and teaching.

63 SWING EIGHTHS 162 HALF NOTE TRIPLET READING

64 NOTES 164 EIGHTH, QUARTER, & HALF NOTE TRIPLET READING

66 FOUR-FOUR & CUT TIME READING 174 THREE-FOUR CHART READING

78 TIES 176 SWING OR SHUFFLE SIXTEENTHS

79 DOTIED NOTES & RESTS 177 SIXTEENTH FIGURE COUNTING SYSTEMS

84 FOUR-FOUR & CUT TIME READING 228 COMPOUND TIME

86 NOTES 229 COMPOUND TIME COUNTING SYSTEMS

87 EIGHTH-QUARTER-EIGHTH RHYTHM STUDY 230 COMPOUND TI ME READING AND RHYTHMS STUDIES

88 FOUR-FOUR & CUT TIME READING 268 NOTES

118 NOTES 269 MIXED SUBDIVISIONS

119 THREE-FOUR COUNTING SYSTEMS 271 ACKNOWLEDGEM ENTS

120 THREE-FO UR READING

An arrangement of f1ve equidistant, horizontal lines is called a staff.

Vertical lines through the staff are called barlines.

The space between two barlines is called a measure or a bar.

III II: :11

The characters used to notate silence are called rests.

The numerator of a time signature can conceivably be any

Throughout this text we will refer to the various meters by the

Note value Relerred to

2 j Half note meter

4 ~ Quarter note meter

8 ) Eighth note meter

16 )1 Sixteenth note meter

32 ) Thirty-second note meter

I" I r r r rI In this exam pIe the pulse is 60

I"! r r In this example the pulse is 90

In this example the quarter note pulse of

In this example the quarter note pulse of

f f b.p.m. has been subdivided into two

The following chart of NOTE VALUE RELATIONSHIPS shows how each

The technique of verbally subdividing is called counting. We will use a

We will abbreviate the "an" by using a plus sign (+).

The "an'" is also commonly referred to as the "and".

We will abbreviate the "dub" by simply using the letter d.

The "dub" is also commonly referred to as the "a".

In order to achieve optimum results from this text I would

*Count out loud.

*Tap your foot on the correct pulse.

*Master the slowest tempo range of each counting system