Science 9

Science – Grade 9
Quarter 2 – Module 12: Functional Groups in Organic Compounds
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Michelle L. Bartolome
Editors: Deborah C. de Jesus
Reviewer: Jeric N. Estaco
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Mark Kihm G. Lara
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera,CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Science 9
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 12
Functional Groups in Organic Compounds
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 9 Self-Learning Module 12 on Functional Groups in

Organic compounds
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 9 Self-Learning Module 12 on Functional Groups in

Organic Compounds

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION
Some organic compounds have more than one functional group present in its
molecular formula, you need to know which functional group must be prioritized
and used as their parent name. As you pursue a degree in science or chemistry
specifically in particular, you will be encountering more ways of naming organic
compounds. For now, let us be content with simple organic compounds.

This module intends to;

1. identify different functional groups in organic compounds and their uses;

2. classify the functional group of some common organic compounds; and

3. realize the importance of functional groups and its applications to real life
situations.

PRE–TEST
Let’s try this out! Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1.Miggy’s mother was cooking their supper when she suddenly stopped and said,
“Oh, the tank is already empty!” Then her mother asked him to buy another tank.
What did Miggy’s mother asks him to buy?
A. gasoline C. lubricating oil
B. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) D. water

2. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds is highly flammable?

A. acetone, gasoline C. isopropyl alcohol, lubricating oil
B. ethyl alcohol, water D. kerosene liquefied, petroleum gas

3. The following are uses of carboxylic acid EXCEPT.

A. Solvent used to preserve specie, cadavers, insects and the like.
B. Vinegar (dilute 4% of ethanoic acid) is used as preservative and flavoring.
C. Carboxylic acid (methanoic acid and ethanoic acid) is used to coagulate
latex.
D. Ethanoic acid is used to make polyvinyl acetate which is used to make
and emulsion paints.

4. Mr. Estallo advised his students to preserve a bird for their project. What
compound should his students use to preserve the bird?
A. Acetone C. Formalin
B. Ethyl alcohol D. Kerosene
5. Flowers and fruits emit sweet-smelling odor and varied flavors, what is
responsible for the unique scent and flavors of flowers and fruits?
A. Acetone C. Ester
B. Alcohol D. Ketone

RECAP
In your previous module you were able to name some functional group.

Do you still Yeah! Its

remember Ester! Sounds
what give like the name
fruits their of a girl,
characteristics doesn’t it?
smell and
flavor?

Match each functional group to its formula by drawing a line.

• Alkane CnH2n+2

CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1
• Alkene

CnH2n-1OH
• Alcohol

CnH2n
• Carboxylic acid

CnH2n+1COOH
• Ester
 LESSON
Our own municipality of Pasig City is always in support of the Waste
Management Program, without completely banning the adverse usage of plastics.
This put sustainable
waste management
solution and support the
trash less campaign.

Figure 1: EcoWaste
Coalition, January 2016
Source:http://ecowastecoali
tion.blogspot.com/2016/01
/

Plastic as one of the products of Organic compounds’ functional group. What is a

functional group?
Functional groups are often used to “functionalize” a compound, to supply
or provide its different physical and chemical properties than it would have in its
original form.
Functional groups will undertake the same type of reactions nevertheless of
the compound of which they are a part; however, the presence of certain functional
groups within close nearness can bound reactivity.
Functional groups can be used to differentiate similar compounds from each
other.
Functional group is a specific grouping of elements that is characteristic of
a class of compounds, and determines some properties and reactions of that class.
 Table 1. List of some important functioanl group and its uses.

Name Uses

Alkane Used as fuels, building block of plastics and rubbers.

Alkene

Alkyne

Source
https://www.google.com/search?q=raw+materials+of+petroleum&tbm=isch&chips=q:raw+materials+of+petroleum,onlin
e_chips:petrochemical&rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH874PH874&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjm596czLHrAhWSBaYKHcacCOoQ4l
YoAHoECAEQFg&biw=1349&bih=576#imgrc=JZqJJTvaRMPSpM

Alcohol The simplest alcohol is methanol. It is used for the manufacture of

plastics and synthetic fibers. Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is a good
solvent for many organic solutes that cannot dissolve in water.Most
alcoholic beverages contain ethanol. Cereal grains like corn are
fermented to produce ethanol and very useful as an organic solvent
and as starting material in manufacture of dyes, synthetic drugs and
cosmetics. Isopropyl alcohol, also known as rubbing alcohol, is used
as disinfectant in homes and hospitals.

Ketone Propanone is the simplest and most important ketone, better known
as acetone. It is colorless and has a pungent and sweet smell. It is
highly volatile and flammable used in manufacture of drugs,
cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, acetylene,plastics and varnishes.
It is also used to remove paint, varnish, and nail polish.
Aldehyde Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde which can be produced by
heating methanol in the presence of iron powder. It has an irritating
and pungent odor and is soluble in water.It is marketed as formalin
which contain 40% formaldehyde, that causes protein to coagulate.It
is used in embalming and preserving tisues of specimens and
cadavers. Another example of formldehyde is Cinnamadehyde which
has a pleasant odor and used in the manufacture of perfumes.

Ester This sweet-smelling compounds with distinct odors and flavors of

many flowers and ripe fruits such as mango and pineapple are due
to the presence of esters. Some examples of natural esters are
fats(lard, tallow and butter) and oils (olive and linseed). It is widely
used as artificila flavors and solvents, and also used as in the
manufacture of perfumes and flavorings agents in soft drink
industries.

Carboxylic Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid, which we can get from
Acid the bites of some insects used in leather and textile industries.
Acetic acid, which we get from coconut and cider vinegar used as
excellent solvent. Oxalic acid from sawdust used as stain remover.
Benzoic acid used to preserve foods such as catsup and fruit juices.
Stearic acid and lauric acid used to manufacture soap. Citric acid
used in candy preparations and confectionaries.

Ether Diethyl ether is the most important compound of this functional

group. It is used as an anaesthetic and is valuable solvent for gums,
fats and essentail oils.

Amine Aniline is the simplest amine used in the manufacture of dyes but is
considered to be a toxic substance. It has a peculiar, unpleasant
odor, for instance, the smell of a rotting fish is due to the presence of
trimethylamine.

Amide Acetamide is the simplest form of amides.Organic compounds

present in nylon,silk, and wool contain hundreds of amide groups.
Used in preparation of fertilizer.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Organic Compounds

Direction: Classify the following organic compounds as to what functional group it
belongs. Write your answer below each picture. You may use the words twice.

Carboxylic acid Ketone

Ether Aldehyde
Alkane Alcohol

Activity 2: Which Doesn’t Belong?

Direction: Which organic compound does not belong to the group? Put an X on the
box.

1. □champagne □ lambanog □formalin □wine

2. □acetone □ formic acid □oxalic acid □vinegar
3. □ acetate □ benzyl butyrate
□ ethyl butyrate □ isoamyl acetate
4. □ ethene □ methane
□ butane □ propane
5. □ acetone □ aldehyde
□alcohol □ ketone
 ACTIVITY 3: Hand Sanitizer Solution

How to make your own sanitizer solutions? This can be a good option when this
type of product is in short supply due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Make your own
sanitizer solutions.

Needed Ingredients:
¾ cup of isopropyl (IPA) alcohol
¼ cup aloe vera gel
10 drops of fragrance or lemon juice

Directions:
1. Wear PPE: Safety Glasses, gloves, lab coat with apron or any means that can
protect you from any untoward incident.
2. Pour all ingredients into a mixing container or bowl.
3. Mix with spatula, then beat with a whisk to emulsify the mixture.
4. Pour the mixture into an empty squeeze bottle.
5. Label the container Hand Sanitizer, contains isopropyl alcohol.

Guide questions:
1. What type of functional group a hand sanitizer is? Why do you say so?
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. As grade 9 learner, what can you do to prevent the spread of COVID-19?
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

WRAP–UP
Fill in the missing word/s, select the answer from the box.
functional group organic compound

chemistry compound property

A__________________ is a specific group of atoms or bonds within a compound

that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that_____________.
The same functional group will behave in a similar fashion, by undergoing similar
reactions, regardless of the compound of which it is a part. Functional groups also
play an important part in___________________ nomenclature; combining the names
of the functional groups with the names of the parent alkanes provides a way to
distinguish compounds.
 These are also vital in_____________ because there are lots of molecule that
is capable of usual reactions. They, therefore, choose the properties
and chemistry of numerous organic compounds. A functional group provides
an organic compound a _______________that is diverse than it would otherwise
have.

VALUING

What made the chocolate loved by everyone? Chocolates make us happy and
contented. One major components of chocolates is phenyl ethylamine which
belongs to the functional group amine. Phenyl ethylamine is also naturally
produced by the brain. The molecular formula of phenyl ethylamine is
C6H5NHCH2CH3.

Fruits grew by season, another importance of some functional group is to

hasten the ripening of fruits, some growers try to speed up the process by spaying
a very thin amount of ethylene on the surface of the fruits, the fruits ripened fast.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of ripening the fruit in a natural way,
over hastening it to ripen using artificial ripening agent?

POST TEST
Let’s measures how much you have learned from this module. Write the letter of
the correct answer in your answer sheet.

1. Why is it dangerous for humans to take in methanol?

A. Methanol, when oxidized, produces carbon.
B. Methanol, when oxidized, forms toxic substances.
C. Methanol, when taken in, causes methanol poisoning.
D. Methanol, when oxidized, produces two toxic substances called
formaldehyde.
2. Why is a functional group important?
A. Because it is how you classify molecules.
B. Because it contains carbon on which all life is formed.
C. Because it is the portion of the organic molecule capable of
characteristics reactions.
D. Because it is the portion of the organic molecule that does not undergo
any reaction.
3. Rheda scratched herself when her arm bumped in the concrete post. What do
you think should she apply to make her bruises free from harmful germs?
A. acetone C. Isopropyl alcohol
B. formalin D. water
4. Miggy is applying something to the ball bearings of the wheels of his bicycle so
that friction will be minimized. Which of the following material do you think he
is using?
A. isopropyl alcohol C. lubricating oil
B. kerosene D. vinegar
5. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds is highly flammable?
A. acetone, gasoline C. isopropyl alcohol, lubricating oil,
B. ethyl alcohol, water D. kerosene liquefied, petroleum gas

KEY TO CORRECTION
Activity 1

Activity 2 Activity 3 Recap

Answers may vary.

Pretest Posttest
 REFERENCES

Martin, Purita Ramos, et al. (2007). Connecting with Science Chemistry III.
Salesiana Books

Sta.Ana, Susan T. (2011). Exploring the Realms of Science Chemistry.JO-ES

Publishing House, Inc.

Sta.Ana, Susan T., etal, (2016). Exploring the Realms of Science Chemistry. New
Enhanced Edition Based on K to 12.JO-ES Publishing House, Inc

"Functional Groups in Organic Molecules." Study.com. March 28, 2013.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/functional-groups-in-organic-
molecules.html.

Ecowaste Coalition,January 30, 2016,” 2 nd Philippine Zero Waste Fair For a Zero
WasteWorld”.Accessed,August23,2020.
http://ecowastecoalition.blogspot.com/2016/01/