FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

AND
BUILT ENVIROMENT

QUIZ

BUILDING MAINTENANCE

BFB 40903

NAME MOHAMAD IEDUL FIRDAUS BIN SUHAIMI

MATRIC NO. DF190081
SECTION 2
LECTURER ASSOC. PROF TS. DR. RAFIKULLAH DERAMAN

1/20222023
Based on the pictures given, determine the types of defects that occur, their causes, and the
appropriate remedial to solve the defect.

1. Parquet Floor

a. Types of Defects:
 Warping: occurs when the boards become distorted or curved.
 Cupping: when the edges of the boards are higher than the center.
 Buckling: occurs when the flooring separates from the subfloor.
 Splitting: occurs when the boards crack or split along their grain.
 Delamination: occurs when the layers of the boards separate from each other.
 Cracking: occurs when the surface of the board’s cracks.

b. Causes:
 Improper installation: not allowing for proper expansion and contraction or not using
the proper adhesives.
 Moisture damage: excessive moisture can cause warping, cupping, and buckling.
 High traffic: constant foot traffic can cause boards to loosen and eventually become
damaged.
 Changes in temperature and humidity: significant changes can cause the boards to
expand and contract, leading to warping and cracking.
 Poor-quality adhesive: using a low-quality adhesive can result in delamination and
splitting.
 Old age: over time, the flooring can become damaged and show signs of wear and tear.
c. Remedial Actions:
 Inspect and identify the cause: determine the root cause of the problem to prevent future
damage.
 Address the moisture issue: resolve any moisture problems to prevent further damage.
 Replace damaged boards: replace any boards that are severely damaged to maintain the
integrity of the flooring.
 Sand down and re-finish the floor: if the surface is damaged, sand it down and re-finish
it to restore its appearance.
 Use a quality adhesive: when replacing boards, use a quality adhesive to prevent future
delamination and splitting.
 Follow proper installation guidelines: ensure that the flooring is installed correctly to
prevent future problems.

2. Ponding Water

a. Types of Defects:
 Leaks: water seeping through cracks or holes in the roof or walls.
 Structural damage: if water accumulates for long periods, it can cause structural damage
to the building.
 Mold growth: standing water provides an ideal environment for mold growth, which
can cause health problems and structural damage.
 Erosion: standing water can erode soil and landscaping, leading to unsightly and
potentially dangerous conditions.
b. Causes:
 Poor drainage: if water cannot drain properly, it can accumulate and cause ponding.
 Clogged gutters: clogged gutters can cause water to overflow and pond on the roof.
 Flat roofs: flat roofs are more susceptible to ponding due to their lack of slope.
 Damaged roofing: holes, cracks, or damaged areas in the roof can allow water to
penetrate and cause ponding.
 Improper slope: if the ground slopes towards a building, it can cause water to
accumulate near the foundation.

c. Remedial Actions:
 Inspect and identify the cause: determine the root cause of the ponding to prevent
future problems.
 Improve drainage: install proper drainage systems, such as gutters and downspouts, to
prevent water from ponding.
 Repair damaged roofing: fix any holes, cracks, or damaged areas in the roof to
prevent water from penetrating.
 Address slope issues: correct any slope issues to prevent water from accumulating
near the foundation.
 Install a slope: if a flat roof is prone to ponding, a slope can be installed to improve
drainage.
 Remove standing water: remove standing water promptly to prevent mold growth and
erosion.