CONFINED SPACE

ENTRY PLAN

ARABIAN FAL HOLDING

TANK REPAIR, CLEANING AND
MAINTENANCE

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL # DESCRIPTION PAGE #
0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
1 TITLE PAGE 3
2 TANKAGES SCOPE OF WORK 4
3 CONFINED SPACE RESULT OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 5
LOCATION AND METHOD OF THE ISOLATION POINT OF THE
4 11
CONFINED SPACE
5 CONFINED SPACE GAS TESTING 14
6 ACCESS AND EGRESS 14
7 PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICLE BARRIER 14
8 TYPES OF PPE USED IN CONFINED SPACES 15
9 WORK PERMITS USED IN CONFINED SPACES 15
TYPES OF EQUIPMENT REQUIRED IN CONFINE SPACE
10 16
ENTRY
11 EMERGENCY RESPONSE 16
12 SUMMARY – CONFINED SPACE ENTRY 19
13 DEFINITIONS 22

2
SAUDI ARAMCO
YANBU REFINERY
(Tank Repair, Cleaning and Maintenance)

ARABIAN FAL
ARABIAN FAL
CONFINED SPACE
ENTRY PROCEDURES

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1. INTRODUCTION:
1.1 This Confined Space Entry Plan has been developed by Arabian Fal Holding to comply
with OSHA standards and Saudi Aramco Construction Safety Manual (CSAR) (WSSM) (5th
edition) 2011. It will be used in the activities perform in the contract inside Saudi Aramco
Facility and or Arabian Fal Facility.

1.2 This procedure will be reviewed annually and updated as necessary.

1.3 It is a must for all Arabian Fal employees to participate and follow the safety measures
in all work to be performed.

2. TANKAGES SCOPE OF WORK

2.1 Arabian Fal Holding shall execute the contract in smooth, safe and environmentally
friendly manner. The work to be performed under this contract shall include Tank repair, Grit
Blasting, Painting or Painting and Testing of oil or other product, storage tanks having floating
or fixed roof at Saudi Aramco facilities located in Yanbu Refinery and Process Area or other
location as maybe requested by Saudi Aramco Maintenance and Service Department
Representative in written service Authorization in accordance with the following requirements.
a) Installation of new bottoms.
b) Sketch plate installations.
c) Patching pits & drip plates installations.
d) Major shell repairs.

e) Miscellaneous testing & inspections including Hydro testing of Pipe spools and Tank
nozzles.
f) Seal ring repairs.
g) Abrasive blasting & Painting.

h) Electrical repair
i) Installation of Cathodic Protection System under new Sketch/ bottom plates.
j) Installation of insulator caps on pantograph hangers.

k) Installation of fixture closure on sealing rings.

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 3. CONFINED SPACE RESULT OF HAZARD
EVALUATION
3.1
TASK:
T&I ACTIVITIES for TK (HIP)
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & TOOLS:

Hard Hat, Safety Shoes - Eye / Face Protection - Safety Goggles with side shield / Face shield
(1000129345) and Chemical Goggles (1000129810), PVC or Neoprene Gloves (1000129628) and anti
vibration gloves or heavy duty leather, Fire Resistant Coverall, Chemical Cartridge/Filter Respirator
or 3M Dust Mask , Ear plugs, Non Sparking Hand Tools and safety harness.
POTENTIAL
ACTIVITIES PRECAUTIONS
HAZARDS
 Ensure gas testing has been taken,
(periodic interval)
 Obtain appropriate Work Permit and
follow all the procedures filled
 Ensure the worksite where the
Presence of Flammable workers engage and deployed is free
from flammable vapor
 Conduct a site inspection before start
the job
 Ensure minimum gas tests must be
taken for oxygen and flammable
 Ensure workers shall worn proper
PPE's (Dust Mask) and or Chemical
Cartridge Respirator (Air Purifying
Dust
PLANNING Respirators)
 Ensure eyewash and showers are
provided nearby
Fires  Ensure the availability of suitable &
approved Fire Extinguishers at site
(Carbon Dioxide).
 Never bring a naked flame or spark
generating tool near the area while
collecting a flammable liquid
 Ensure workers must worn FRC
clothing
 Ensure use only a non-sparking hand
tools
 Fire watch men must be available at
the site
 Ensure connected with a GFCI
 All power cords must be inspected,
maintained in an acceptable
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 condition and protected from
damage
 Make sure all equipment and sources
of stored energy (electrical,
mechanical, hydraulic and
pneumatic systems) must be
physically shut it down, isolate,
immobilized, disabled,
depressurized or de-energize it
 Smoke only in designated smoking
area
 Ensure ingress/egress is available
and proper barricaded
 Installed appropriate scaffold/access
approved by SA (Ladders)
 Ensure work area is free from
obstructions and clear from wire
connection
Access, Working Area  Safety harnesses must be provided
(slips, trips, and fall) and worn – 100% tie off
 Do not use slippery shoe
 Ensure platforms are designed to
allow workers to safely work
 Ensure guardrails are installed to
prevent people from falling (toe
boards prevent tools from falling on
people below)
 Ensure to install hard barricading
Unauthorized
and post sign "Flammable Solid"
Personnel
 Assign standby men
 Refer SACSM Procedures - GI
2.100 "Work Permit System" and
Non-compliance of
Safety Handbook - Minimum Safety
Saudi Aramco CSM
Rules
and Safety Standards
 Use specific work permit at specific
job
 Obtain Confined Space Entry Permit
and follow all the procedures
 Mechanical Ventilation shall install
to ensure positive ventilation
Oxygen Deficiency
 Minimum gas tests must be taken for
oxygen and flammable gas
 Provide a respiratory protection if
necessary
 Ensure Provide/Issue good condition
Defective Hand
Hand Tools in the site
Tools/Tools
 Inspect all tools thoroughly before
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 using
 Remove defective tools immediately
/ replace tools if poor condition
 Approved release permit
 Workers & equipment to be
stationed upwind
 Gas test & continuous monitoring
 Use T-40 personal gas monitors
 Ensure appropriate gloves must be
worn
 Corrosion
 Provide air-purifying respirators if
necessary
 Eye wear and face protection must
be worn
 Ensure guardrails, ladder cages, or
 Moving or
drop bars are available
falling
 Provide a full-body harnesses and
BLINDING / DE-BLINDING safety lanyards for working at height
 Ensure hand tools are secured or
restrained from falling by use of
lanyard or wrist strap
 Excessive strain
 Safety shoes must be worn at all
posture
time
 Proper handling and position is must
to avoid back strain, and muscle pain
 Avoid remove alone
 Pinch points,
 Barricade the area to warn
improper
unauthorized personnel
handling
 Ensure area is safe to do so
 Avoid protruding
 Ensure working area is clear from
obstruction and safe to work on
 Ensure gas test has been taken
 Pinch points,  Use T-40 personal gas detector
OPENING / BOX-UP OF sharp objects,  Frequently gas monitoring
MANHOLE COVERS improper  Ensure working area is clear from
handling obstructions and safe to work on
 Use only a non-sparking tools
 Barricade the work area
 Proper handling and position is must
to avoid back strain, and muscle pain
 Slips and trips  Remove all protrude objects and
other materials
 Ensure all working area must be
kept clear of hoses or other
 Toxic Gas equipment to avoid tripping
 Remove / clean immediately all

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 spills
 Ensure ingress/egress is available
and proper barricaded
 Wear dust mask or respiratory
protection if necessary
 Ensure all steps in the entry
procedure have been followed
 Obtain confined space entry permit
 Equipment must be safe to work on
 Appropriate PPEs must be worn
 Make sure all equipment and sources
of stored energy (electrical,
mechanical, hydraulic and
pneumatic systems) must be
physically shut it down, isolate,
 Atmospheric immobilized, disabled,
depressurized or de-energize it
 Ensure hazardous material must be
drain
 Make sure it has been purged or
cleaned
 Tags and locks must be installed
 Physical where feasible (GI 6.012)
 Make sure blinding or physically
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY disconnection
 Ensure cleaning is done to remove
all traces of flammable or toxic
material
 Isolate all points where connect to
 Health other processes
 Make sure Isolate connections to a
confined space by blinding or
physically disconnecting
components
 Adequate ventilation must be
provided
 Climatic  Ensure air movers must be grounded
or bonded to the confined space they
are ventilating
 Ensure minimum gas tests must be
and taken for oxygen and flammable
 Hydrogen Sulfide tests must be
taken
 Process waste  Frequent or continuous gas tests /
material monitoring shall be done
 Making sure a standby man and fire
watch men are available

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  Ensure standby man continuously
monitor all activities in and around
work area
 Ensure provide a safe means to get
in and out
 All entry points must be kept clear
of hoses, welding cables or other
equipment
 Ensure ingress/egress is available
and proper barricaded.
 Adequate lighting must be provided
 Electric lighting must be rated at 25
volts or less
 Low visibility only require 110-volt
REMOVAL / lighting fixture
INSTALLATION  Ensure connected with a GFCI
 All power cords must be inspected,
maintained in an acceptable
condition and protected from
damage
 Special respiratory protection must
be worn if necessary
 Dust mask must be wear for other
workers involved
 Obtain a Hot Work Permit and must
be followed
 Safe Hot Work procedures must
always be followed
 Inspect electric welding leads for
 Electric Arc fraying, breaks in the insulation, or
splices to avoid electrocution
MECHANICAL REPAIRS  Ensure all welding hoses must be
remove during work breaks or
overnight (and it will prevents a
dangerous build-up of gas if working
 CUTTING  Oxygen or inside a confined space entry)
acetylene  Ensure inspect all acetylene hoses,
equipment for cracks, damage, or broken
 GRINDING fittings before using a gas welding
equipment
 Locate welding leads to avoid
 WELDING tripping hazards for other workers
and to protect accidental damage
 Source of from vehicles
ignition (gas)  Position the welding return lead as
close as possible to the weld point to
prevents dangerous stray currents

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  Portable welding machines that have
110-volt circuits must be grounded it
helps to prevents electric shock
 Welder and other workers nearby
 Leak must wear special eye and face
protection to protect from ultraviolet
and infrared radiation
 Use welding screens/fire blankets to
protect welders and other workers
from harmful effects of ultraviolet
 Tripping radiation and stop the workers being
struck by welding sparks or metal
particles
 Barricade the area where welding is
being done and install warning signs
to warns unauthorized workers
 Bright light  Ensure provide a good ventilation
 Provide adequate mechanical
ventilation and respiratory protection
for welding in a confined space or
ventilation is poor
 Provide air-purifying respirators for
 Toxic fumes welders or exposed workers to
protect from welding fumes
 Ensure kept area Orderly, Clean and
Tidy Before and After works
 Good housekeeping allows workers
to safely leave the area during an
emergency
 Make sure the area is cleaned up at
 Slips, Trips, and
the end of each work shift before
Falls
HOUSEKEEPING workers leave
 Scattered
 Remove/clean all spills
materials
 Wires properly installed to avoid
trips
 Remove all debris from the working
area
 Accessories / tools not being used
must be stored and stacked properly
REMOVAL / FIXING  Approved release permit
VALVES  Workers and equipment to be
stationed upwind
 Corrosion  Continuous monitoring and gas test
 Use T-40 personal gas monitors
 Ensure appropriate gloves must be
worn
 Provide air-purifying respirators if

10
 necessary
 Eye wear and face protection must
be worn
 Ensure guardrails, ladder cages, or
 Moving or
drop bars are available
falling
 Provide a full-body harnesses and
safety lanyards for working at height
 Ensure hand tools are secured or
restrained from falling by use of
lanyard or wrist strap
 Excessive strain
 Safety shoes must be worn at all
posture
time
 Proper handling and position is must
to avoid back strain, and muscle pain
 Avoid remove alone
 Pinch points,
 Barricade the area to warn
improper
unauthorized personnel
handling
 Ensure area is safe to do so
 Avoid protruding
 Ensure working area is clear from
obstruction and safe to work on

4. LOCATION AND METHOD OF THE ISOLATION

POINT OF THE CONFINED SPACE
4.1 Appropriate means should be used to isolate all sources of hazardous energy or
substances from entering the confined space.
Isolation of confined spaces is done by Terminal Operations Division and may require
the following:

(a) Electrical Equipment Isolation

 Prior to commencing work, the proponent organization shall identify the location of
applicable energy isolating devices and types of lockout devices required. If necessary,
they shall consult with third parties, such as electrical specialists. The following shall be
performed:
 Equipment to be electrically isolated and lockout devices installed (LOCK)
 Hold tags installed for each lockout device (TAG)
 Work area cleared of equipment and affected personnel (CLEAR)
 Test isolation of equipment to determine and verify the effectiveness of the
lockout device (TRY)
This is a distinct 4-step process (LOCK, TAG, CLEAR and TRY) to ensure that the
equipment is properly isolated.
 Isolation will have been completed only when no associated control device, such
as a push button, control interlock or automatic start-up control circuit, has the
capability of energizing equipment.

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  In situations where it is not possible to lock or chain off an isolating device,
isolation may be accomplished by removal of fuses, disconnection of electrical
cables, or physical removal of a component of the system supplying energy to
the equipment. The point of physical interruption shall be identified with a
fully completed hold tag.

 When isolation has been completed (or before if appropriate), the proponent
organization will de-energize equipment and ensure the removal of any residual
energy.
 Each lock shall be keyed separately, with no duplicate key, to ensure removal only by the
authorized user.
 Proponent organizations shall always be the first to install a lock and tag on a piece of
equipment and the last to remove them. This lock and tag shall not be removed until
proponent personnel have checked and examined equipment to ensure it can be safely
energized.
 Maintenance/contractor personnel shall install their lock(s) at each corresponding isolation
point (energy isolating device). Every individual worker shall have in place his personal
lock(s) at all lockout locations. Multiple lockout clips (hasps) shall be used if necessary.
 Each lock on a piece of electrical equipment, or on a multiple lockout clip, must be
identified. A tag (Saudi Aramco Form 525) shall be installed on each lock indicating plant
number or location, date and time of isolation, equipment name, and reason for the lockout,
Individual’s name, badge number, organization, contact phone number and signature.
 Each energy isolating device, such as a disconnect switch, shall be physically tested by the
proponent organization by moving its operating mechanism against the lockout device to
confirm that it cannot be operated. The maintenance/contractor employee(s) performing
servicing or maintenance shall verify that isolation and de-energization of the machine or
equipment have been accomplished.
 When a craftsman leaves the job site temporarily, but intends to return to complete work,
his locks and tags may remain installed, provided this is acceptable to the proponent
organization. The proponent may require craft locks and tags to be removed. Upon
returning to work, the craftsman shall then reapply lockout devices and tags to each
isolation point prior to resuming work.
 When shift change occurs, the oncoming supervisor shall review isolation locations and
placement of lockout devices and tags. These SURSRQHQW¶V locks and tags may be left
installed. and do not require endorsement at each shift change. Keys to locks shall be
transferred at the time the review is made.
 When a craftsman completes his work, or leaves the job site permanently, his lockout
devices and tags shall be removed. The craft foreman or supervisor shall advise the
proponent that the craftsman has completed his work and is removing his locks and tags.
 When work is complete and all lockout devices have been removed, affected
personnel shall be notified prior to the equipment/system being placed back in service.
 No locks/lockout devices shall be cut or forcefully removed without the permission of
the lock owner’s superintendent or operations shift superintendent.

(b) Mechanical Isolation –

 There are four primary methods for isolating process lines and equipment to prevent the

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 release of harmful energy or materials into the work area during maintenance or
construction activities. Proponent or controlling organizations shall ensure specific
isolation procedures are in place to protect personnel. The methods are arranged below in
general order of protection provided, but the specific isolation method is determined by the
task to be performed and the material/stored energy to be protected against. These include:
 Single Block Valve
 This is the least desirable isolation method for use in hydrocarbon service. It may
be suitable routine maintenance activities such as sock filter changes, temporary
isolation while a blind is being installed, or cleaning of inline strainers.
 Block valves shall be fully closed, locked and tagged.
 Locks and tags on block valves or valve actuators shall be administered per the
requirements
 The contents of the system shall be drained, vented or purged from the system
safely and the block valve shall be tested for leakage before work begins.
 Single block valve isolation shall not be used when equipment or piping
containing hazardous materials is to be opened for confined space entry or hot work
activities.
 Double block and bleed (DB&B)
 DB&B is a means of isolating a piping or duct configuration by closing and
locking two consecutive valves (in series) and by opening and locking a drain/vent
(i.e., bleed) valve in the line between the two closed valves to provide a
means of releasing excess press between them. The bleed valve drains or vents any
liquid/gas which is trapped or entering through a leaking upstream block valve.
 A hose or hard piping shall be attached to the drain/vent valve to ensure that any
liquid or pressure that might pass the isolation valve is carried safely away from the
work area. The drain/vent valve shall be checked to verify that it is not clogged or
plugged.
 The bleed valve must be monitored to verify the presence of liquid/gas
accumulating in the spool piece or section of piping between the two block valves,
which indicates the upstream valve is passing/leaking.
 DB&B isolation shall not be used when equipment or piping containing hazardous
materials is to be opened for confined space entry or hot work activities.
 Disconnection
 A less frequent method of isolation for long term maintenance activities is
disconnection. Disconnection is the act of physically disconnecting piping where
allowed by flanges (e.g., removal/dropping out a spool piece), often because the
piping design will not allow the insertion of a fully rated blind. Steps shall be taken
to ensure no hazardous materials can leak or be discharged from the open ends of
piping, e.g., blinding as described in Section 8.5.
 Blinding
 Blinding is the installation of a solid metal plate between two pipe flanges or on the
end of a disconnected pipe to prevent any materials from being released.
 A written procedure shall be developed for major equipment with multiple
connections and several low points where hazardous materials might remain
trapped. The blinding procedure will include:
 Drawings (P&IDs, isometric drawings, etc.) indicating all isolation

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 points, drains and vents.
 Blind list, to track installation (and later removal) of all blinds.
 Steps for depressurization, draining and purging of equipment
and associated piping before blinds are inserted, including proper
disposal of any drained material;
 Site preparation steps (e.g., covering sewers); and
 Proper sequence for installing blinds.
 A blind list shall be prepared when more than two blinds are used to isolate
equipment to ensure proper installation and removal. The blind list shall, at a
minimum, include information on the following: blind number, location, date of
installation, blind rating, installer name, date of removal, and appropriate
signatures
 The breaking of any flange containing hazardous materials shall always be
performed under the assumption that the line is pressurized. The stud bolts must be
loosened so that cracking of the flange connection at the 5 o clock position(down
and away from the person performing the work) to allow any potential gases or
liquids to be release away from the personnel.
 The pressure/temperature rating of a blind shall be the same as for the flange joint
and fully rated for service per ANSI/ASME B31.3. Each blind shall be stamped
with the corresponding pressure rating. Factory produced blinds are
recommended. Facility built (fabricated) blinds may be used but must be approved
by local engineering for service and
rating and the results documented. Facility built blinds shall be used in a specific
location for a one-time use and destroyed upon completion of the work activity.
 Blinds shall be inserted only at the isolated side (i.e., downstream) of each isolation
valve that has been locked closed and tagged. Valves shall remain locked closed
while any blinds are in place. Valve locks and tags can be removed when the
subsequent blinds are removed and the flanged connection restored to its original
condition.
 Blinds shall be installed with matching gaskets to ensure effective isolation,
with all stud bolts in place and properly tensioned. Blind gaskets shall be inspected
for damage prior to installing/swinging blinds.
 Slip binds shall be equipped with a tail or T handle drilled with a hole to attach a
hold tag. Blinds shall be tagged for identification as an isolation device.
 The first blind inserted shall be the last to be removed.
 Blinds when not in use shall be properly stored to protect mating surfaces.
Blinding or disconnection of piping (as described in Section 8.4) shall be the only acceptable
methods of equipment isolation for entry into confined spaces.

5. Confined Spaces Gas Testing

5.1 Prior to entry into any confined space, gas tests must be conducted by a certified Saudi
Aramco gas tester and meet the requirements specified in General Instruction 2.709,

14
 “Gas Testing Procedure Using 3-in-1 Gas Monitor, Model LTX310.” (Note: gas testing
equipment requires a minimum of 16% oxygen to properly detect the presence of
flammable or combustible gases.) and the frequency should be periodic.

(a) Where the potential for the presence of hazardous atmospheres is minimal, gas
tests must be conducted at regular intervals throughout the shift and test results
properly documented.
(b) Anytime a hazardous atmosphere is detected, the confined space should be
evacuated of all personnel until corrective actions have been taken and it has
been verified by the confined space entry supervisor that the confined space is
safe for re-entry. For some toxic substances, analytical (i.e. laboratory) testing
may be necessary, e.g., tetra ethyl lead, etc.
6. Access and Egress
6.1 A reasonable and safe means of entering and exiting confined spaces should be
maintained at all times. These openings should not be obstructed to any extent that
impedes an individual’s ability to safely exit the space or perform rescue operations.
Access and egress points should be adequately illuminated at all times. If natural light
is insufficient, electrical lighting systems should be provided which conform to the
“Safe Work Practices – Equipment Requirements” section of this LPRP.
7. Pedestrian and Vehicle Barriers
7.1 SA Operations and Arabian Fal should identify and evaluate all confined spaces in their
area(s) of administration. All confined spaces need to be identified by posting warning
signs. Signs should be clearly visible and state (in both Arabic and English):
7.1.1 Evaluation of Confined Spaces / Identification and Evaluation of All Confined Spaces

Arabic text: English text:

Danger Confined Space

No Unauthorized Entry

8. Types of PPE used in Confined Space

 HARD HAT- Head Protection
An impact that would cause minor injuries on another part of the body can
result in a fatal or life changing injury when the head is involved. This is why head
protection remains a crucial component of PPE.
15
  EYE AND FACE PROTECTION – Clear Glass
o Safety glasses with side shields
o Face shields
o Arc welding helmet
Note; the appropriate eye and face protection depends on the nature of the task and the
hazard it present.
 FRC COVERALL – Coverall Clothing should be Fire or Flame Proof.
 FOOT PROTECTION – Safety Shoes ( Steel Toe or Composite Toe)
o Regularly inspect your protective foot wear for wear, reduced tread, cuts or
lacerations that may allow foreign material into the foot area or diminish protection
and ability to perform.
o If the footwear is compromised in any way, it should not be worn and must be
replaced immediately.

9. WORK PERMITS USED IN CONFINED SPACE

9.1 Saudi Aramco General Instruction 2.100, section 3.2.4 requires the issuance of a work
permit for nearly all confined space entries. This permit needs to be issued prior to
entry. Other work permits may be required, depending on the work to be conducted
within the confined space.
9.2 A Confined Space Entry permit must not be used as a substitute for issuing other required
work permits. For example, work requiring a hot work permit must still be cleared as
required under the terms specified for issuing hot work permits. Confined space work outside the
scope of General Instruction 2.100 should also utilize a confined space permit or similar
measures for documentation and authorization as well as the appropriate pre-planning,
staffing, and preparation. An example of information that should be included in the
documentation can be referenced in Appendix A.
 CONFINE SPACE ENTRY – Permit for the entry of the Confine Space
 COLD WORK – Permit to work on jobs that do not have ignition sources, jobs that
usually uses only hand tools.
 HOT WORK – Permit to work on jobs that involve ignition sources such as
welding, cutting and the operation of welding and air compressor equiptments.
9.3 TYPE OF WORK PERMIT NOT ALLOWED TO BE AT THE SAME TIME

 Painting activity can not work with welding/ cutting activity.

 Blasting can not work with painting and welding
 Lifting activity can not work with blasting and painting activity

10. TYPES OF EQUIPTMENT REQUIRED IN

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
10.1 VENTILATION – AIR MOVER AND AIR COMPRESSOR
Forced air ventilation is necessary in all confined spaces where a hazardous atmosphere
exists or could develop over the course of planned work.

16
 (a) A person should not be allowed to enter the space until forced air ventilation
has eliminated any hazardous atmosphere.
(b) Where the potential for accumulation of hazardous atmospheres exists,
forced ventilation (e.g., air movers) should be used to provide air movement in
confined spaces.
(c) Forced air ventilation should be directed so as to ventilate the immediate
areas where a person is or will be present within the confined space and should
continue until all person(s) have left the space.
(d) The air supply for the forced air ventilation should be from a clean ource
and must not increase hazards in the space.
(e) For some jobs, such as welding, grit blasting; spray painting, etc., additional
ventilation may be necessary to sufficiently reduce the accumulation of
hazardous vapor, mist or particulate. Confined spaces may also necessitate
additional ventilation methods when the internal configuration impedes air
circulation.
(f) Plant air or engine driven compressed air should never be used unless it is
certified as respirable air in accordance with GI 1780.001.
(g) Exceptions to Forced Air Ventilation Requirements – Natural ventilation
may be used as the source of ventilation in confined space operations only when
there is no potential for the development of a hazardous atmosphere.
Examples of such locations could include some entries into open excavations
or structures, dike areas surrounding tanks, etc. In instances where inert confined
space entry is required and the provision for forced air ventilation represents a
conflict, forced air ventilation will not be required. In such cases, appropriate
alternative precautions should be taken in accordance with the provisions of
API 2217A Guidelines for Work in Inert Confined Spaces in the Petroleum
Industry.” Such appropriate precautions must give full consideration to all the
work activities within oxygen-deficient atmospheres. (Refer also to GI
1780.001 Atmosphere Supplying Respirators)

11. EMERGENCY RESPONSE

11.1.1 The Emergency Response Procedures are in accordance with the Emergency Response
Plan of the Terminal Instruction Manual in which any rescue response will be conducted
by Terminal Operations Division.

11.1.2 Emergency Reporting Procedures

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 11.2.1 Remind reporter of the emergency on 110 to speak CLEARLY and distinctly giving
information in the following sequence:
a) Say; This is an emergency
b) Describe the incident location
c) Report injuries; if any
d) Give name and badge number
e) Repeat the above information
f) Stay on the line until further instructed
g) Do not hang up until RT Security Control Center repeats the message correctly
particularly the location and description of the emergency to eliminate any
misunderstanding.

11.2.2 Emergency Response Operation Flowchart

EMPLOYEE DISCOVERS
EMERGENCY

MINOR
EMERGENC CALL 110 WORKPLACE
Y? YES EMPLOYEES HANDLE
EMERGENCY

18
 SUPERVISOR REPORT EMERGENCY
AND INVESTIGATE ROOT CAUSE
NO
REPORT EMERGENCY CALL
EMPLOYE YES
110
DESIGNAT
ED AS PREPARE TO EVACUATE
RESPONSE
PERSONN
RESPONSE TEAM ACTIVATED EL ?

EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM NO

PROCEED TO ICP

ASSIST RESPONSE TEAM

IC
DETERMINE YES IC REQUEST FOR ASISTANCE
S WHETHER
AND INCIDENT MANAGER
ADDITIONAL
ASSISTANCE ESCALATE TO DISASTER
IS REQUIRED

EMERGENCY CONTROLCENTER
ACTIVATED

NO
RESPONSE TEAM MITIGATES
INCIDENT SET UP EMERGENCY SET UP EMERGENCY
TECHNICAL SUPPORT FIELD SUPPORT CENTER
INCIDENT
CONTROLLED
Emergency response
team organization and
response team
mitigate incident
CRITIQUE AND
INVESTIGATION

12. SUMMARY - CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PLAN

12.1 Entry procedure for non-permit required space

Step Person Action

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1. Entrant / Evaluate the confined space to determine that it qualifies as non-permit
Attendant required and that no hazardous work (see Note 1) will be performed in
the space. Checklist in tools section can assist with evaluation. Address
any concerns with your supervisor.
2. Entrant / Takes precautions, as necessary
Attendant  Install vehicular and pedestrian traffic controls as needed
 Posts warning signs as necessary at the work location
 Takes measures to prevent hazards near the confined space
 Dons any required personal protective equipment for task
conducted
3. Entrant / Performs authorized work (minimum two workers required)
Attendant  It is recommended that one person remain outside the confined
space
 If a hazardous condition is encountered, evacuates immediately
and reports to supervisor
12.1.1 Note 1 – Hazardous work includes painting, cleaning with acids or solvents, welding,
brazing, torch cutting, sanding with power tools, sandblasting, breaking utility lines,
using cryogenic gases, conducting work that involves reduction-oxidation reactions, or
operating valves capable of releasing material, such as water or gas, in a quantity
sufficient to engulf a person or cause a hazardous atmosphere.

12.2.2 Entry Procedure for alternate entry and temporarily declassified confined spaces

Step Person Action

1. Entrant / Evaluate the confined space to determine that it qualifies as an alternate

Attendant entry or temporarily declassified confined space. Address any concerns
with your supervisor.
2. Confined Confirms that entry conditions qualify for the selected entry method
Space Entry  Alternate entry confined space procedures and entry form
Supervisor  Temporary declassification form
(PERMIT
RECEIVER)
3. Entrant / Ensures that hazards and controls are understood by the entrant(s) and
Attendant attendant(s)
4. Entrant / Secures the work site
Attendant  Installs barriers and/or controls vehicular and pedestrian traffic as
needed
 Posts warning signs as necessary at the work location
 Takes measures to prevent hazards near the confined space
5. Entrant / Ensures hazard is controlled before entry
Attendant
For alternate entry, ensures atmospheric testing is conducted as necessary
to determine that entry conditions remain acceptable, and ensures forced
air ventilation is in place (see tools section for checklist describing use of

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 multi-gas monitor). Complete entry form and post

For temporary declassification, ensures hazards are eliminated by

appropriate energy isolation procedure or other means. Document actions
on entry form.

Dons any required personal protective equipment

Notifies control center when enters space

6. Entrant / Performs work as long as hazards are controlled as specified on the form
Attendant  Any change that introduces hazards requires that the space be
vacated
 New hazards must be re-assessed and a new entry method may
apply; no entry is allowed until all hazards are eliminated
7. Entrant / Notifies control center when exits space
Attendant
Provides completed entry form to their supervisor once the work is
finished
8. Supervisor Reviews form and keeps form on file for a minimum of two year s

12.3..3 Entry procedure for permit-required confined space

Step Person Action

1. Confined Determines if non-entry rescue can be performed. If it cannot, entry is

Space Entry prohibited; contacts EHS or makes rescue arrangements with Yale
Supervisor approved rescue service vendor.
(PERMIT
RECEIVER)
2. Confined Determines control measures for hazards associated with the confined
Space Entry space entry
Supervisor
(PERMIT
RECEIVER)
3. Confined Verifies that all required equipment, attendants, and entrants are available
Space Entry
Supervisor
(PERMIT
RECEIVER)
Pre-entry

4. Confined Documents the pre-entry process with the permit-required confined space
Space Entry procedure and entry permit
Supervisor
(PERMIT
RECEIVER)
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5. Confined Ensures that the confined space’s atmosphere is ventilated as necessary
Space Entry and tested prior to entry using properly calibrated monitoring equipment.
Supervisor (For assistance with obtaining monitoring equipment, contact EHS. See
(PERMIT tools section for checklist describing use of multi-gas monitor)
RECEIVER)
Results for the following must be recorded on the permit
 Oxygen
 Flammability (percent of lower explosive limit)
 Hydrogen sulfide
 Carbon monoxide
 Any other suspected or known atmospheric hazard

If at any time the oxygen concentration or other monitored components

in the atmosphere fall out of their designated ranges, the cause must be
determined and controls must be in place before entry is allowed. If entry
is necessary to correct the deficiency, self-contained breathing apparatus
must be worn.
Note: The entrant has the right to witness atmospheric testing.
6. Confined Secures the work site as appropriate
Space Entry  Installs barriers and/or controls vehicular and pedestrian traffic as
Supervisor needed
(PERMIT  Posts warning signs and any required permit(s) at the work
RECEIVER) location
 Takes measures to prevent hazards near the confined space
7. Confined Conducts pre-entry briefing for all personnel involved in the entry that
Space Entry includes at minimum these topics
Supervisor  Work to be performed
(PERMIT  Anticipated hazards, including signs, symptoms and
RECEIVER) consequences of exposure
 Hazard control measures
 Prohibited conditions (specified in the permit)
Non-entry rescue procedures; generally these involve using a full-body
harness with a retrieval line attached to a mechanical device or fixed
point.
8. Confined Verifies that
Space Entry  All control measures, procedures, and equipment specified by the
Supervisor permit are in place
(PERMIT  Entry conditions are acceptable
RECEIVER)
9. Confined Signs the pre-entry certification section of the permit
Space Entry
Supervisor
(PERMIT
RECEIVER)
Confined Space Entry

22
10. Entrant Notifies control center when enters space

Dons any required personal protective equipment

Enters the permit-required confined space only if

 Listed on the permit
 Entry conditions are acceptable
 All control measures and specified non-entry rescue provisions
are implemented
11. Confined Verifies that acceptable entry conditions are maintained and that entry
Space Entry operations remain consistent with terms of the permit and the hazards
Supervisor associated with the planned work
(PERMIT
RECEIVER)
12. Attendant  Maintains communication with the entrant(s) and performs no
other duties that might interfere with his or her ability to observe
and protect the entrant(s)
 Controls entry by remaining at the work site and keeping an
accurate accounting of entrants on the permit
 Does not become an entrant unless he/she is both listed as an
entrant and has been replaced by a qualified attendant.
13. Entrant Maintains communication with the attendant. Maintains readiness to exit
if ordered by attendant.
14. Attendant Orders entrant(s) to evacuate the space if one or more of the following
occurs:
 Detects a prohibited condition
 Observes any behavioral effects of exposure to any hazard
 Identifies a nearby situation that may endanger the entrant(s)
 Becomes unable to effectively and safely perform all required
duties
Post-entry / Documentation

15. Confined Notifies control center when exits space

Space Entry
Supervisor Conducts a post-entry debriefing with entrants and attendants
(PERMIT
RECEIVER)
16. Confined Closes the permit by dating and initialing the permit expiration date as
Space Entry warranted
Supervisor  At the completion of the job
(PERMIT  At the end of the work shift
RECEIVER)  When a change occurs in work conditions or methods that
requires additional controls
 When a changes occurs that affects acceptable entry conditions

If the permit is closed due to a new hazardous condition, a new permit is

23
 required.

17. Confined Document in the comments section any:

Space Entry  Lessons learned
Supervisor  Hazards encountered and the means and methods used to control
(PERMIT the hazards
RECEIVER)  Notify all affected employees that the space and/or equipment has
been returned to operation, i.e. complete LOTO return to
operation procedure
18. Confined Keeps the form on file for a minimum of two years
Space Entry
Supervisor
(PERMIT
RECEIVER)

13. DEFINITIONS

Confined Any space that:

Space Entry s Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;
s Is not designated for human occupancy,
s Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere, and
s Contains any other recognized safety or health hazards. Examples of confined
spaces include tanks, vessels, vessel skirts, vaults, manholes, sewers, valve
boxes, and structures or excavations four feet deep or deeper. Areas above
floating roof tanks where the top of the roof is more than 4 feet below the rim
of the tank are also considered confined spaces.
Key characteristics of a confined space:
 Is large enough and configured such that an employee can enter and perform
assigned work;
 May contain hazardous material/atmosphere, be oxygen-deficient, have a
flammable atmosphere, or have the potential for such conditions;
 Contains electrical, hydraulic, mechanical, steam or air activated equipment;
 Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit;
 Is designed such that entrapment and/or crushing could occur;
 Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy;
 A space that restricts rescue efforts in the event of an emergency.
Acceptable The conditions that must exist to allow entry into a confined space and to ensure that
Entry authorized entrants can safely enter, work in, and exit the space;
Conditions  and equipment are available for all confined space entry operations;
 Entrants are aware of facility emergency and notification procedures;
 that the space has been properly isolated, purged, cleaned, and is safe to enter;

24
  atmosphere within the space is periodically or continually monitored as indicated
in the entry permit or plan;
 ensure all applicable instructions are followed by all personnel involved in any
confined space entry work conducted in his area of responsibility;
 that all necessary safety precautions have been properly implemented prior to
allowing entrants to enter or begin work near the confined space entry activities;
 to ensure have a personal on-site review of conditions and safety precautions, and
ensure precautions have been properly implemented.
Confined Any occurrence (including failure of control or monitoring equipment) or event,
Space internal or external to the confined space that could endanger entrants.
Emergency
Confined A procedure which establishes clear guidelines for the response to confined space
Space related emergencies. This procedure addresses subjects such as individual
Emergency responsibilities, equipment and training requirements, notification procedures, etc.
Response Plan
Confined The person (such as the foreman, work permit receiver, supervisor, project engineer,
Space Entry or proponent department representative) responsible for determining if acceptable
Supervisor entry conditions are present in confined spaces or in the area near confined space
entry activities, for authorizing entry and overseeing confined space operations, and
for terminating entry. This individual needs to successfully complete Loss
Prevention’s or an equivalent Confined Space Entry Awareness
Course acceptable to the Loss Prevention Department.
Confined This individual is responsible for monitoring the internal and external activities
Space Stand- associated with work in and around confined space operations. This individual needs
by Man to successfully complete Loss Prevention’s or an equivalent Confined Space Entry
Awareness Course acceptable to the Loss Prevention Department. Acts as the
representative for the Entry Supervisor for one specific confined space entry. Has a
special skills
Entrant Any person who enters a confined space. Saudi Aramco employees should
successfully complete Loss Prevention’s Confined Space Entry Awareness Course.
Arabian Fal employees should also attend an equivalent Confined Space Entry
Awareness Course.
Entry The action by which a person passes through an opening into a confined space. Entry
occurs as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into
the confined space. The term entry also includes work activities conducted within the
space.
Facility Is the department head or his appointed management/supervisory representative(s)
Management who are assigned specific tasks and responsibilities to fulfill the duties and
obligations detailed in this recommended practice and associated procedures.
Hazardous Any atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation,
Atmospheres impairment of ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided from a confined space),
injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:

(a) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 20% or above 23.5%.

(b) Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 5% of its Lower Explosive Limit

25
 (LEL).
(c) Atmospheric concentration of any substance (particulate, vapor, gas, etc.) greater
than or equal to values that have been established as a Permissible Exposure Limit
(PEL) or recognized Threshold Limit Value (TLV).
(d) Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health.
Purging The act of removing the contents of a pipe, vessel or container by replacing it with
another gas or liquid. For example, a vessel may be purged with nitrogen gas,
steamed, or flushed with water.
Approval The SA Construction Manager in charge of the activity that requires a confined space
Authority entry.
AFH Arabian Fal Holding
Client Saudi Aramco
Engulfment The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a gas, vapors, liquid, or finely
divided solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the
respiratory system, or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by
strangulation, constriction, or crushing.
Entry Rescue Rescue performed only when a confined space contains obstacles that prevent the
(or Technical rescue team from lifting the victim straight up and out of the space.
Rescue)
HSE Health, Safety & Environment
Isolation The process by which a confined space is protected against the release of energy and
material into the space, including, blanking or blinding; misaligning or removing
sections of lines, pipes, or ducts; and lockout or tag out of all sources of energy.
Issuing The SA WP Issuer, in charge of the activity or area that requires a confined space
Authority entry.
Lower The leanest vapor-to-air concentration that will ignite if a source of ignition is
Explosive present.
Limit (LEL)
Monitoring The testing process that initially, periodically, or continuously verifies the existence
of acceptable conditions within a confined space.
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet, a document prepared by the supplier or manufacturer of a
product clearly stating hazardous nature, ingredients, precautions to follow, health
effects and safe handling/storage information.
Non-Entry Rescue performed by means of a retrieval line attached to a body harness at one end
Rescue and a mechanical winch at the other end for lifting a victim straight up and out of a
space.
Oxygen An atmosphere containing less than 20% percent oxygen by volume.
Deficient
Atmosphere
Oxygen An atmosphere containing more than 23.5 percent oxygen by volume.
Enriched
26
Atmosphere
Permissible The level of exposure to a chemical, established by the US Occupational Safety and
Exposure Health Administration (OSHA), at or below which an employee should be able to
Limit (PEL) conduct work safely.
Project CRD (Riyadh)
Retrieval The equipment (including a retrieval line, chest or full-body harness, wristlets, if
System appropriate, and a lifting device or anchor) used for non-entry rescue of persons from
permit-required spaces.
SAPO Saudi Aramco Proponent Organization
LPD Loss Prevention Department
FPD Fire Protection Department
LPRP Loss Prevention Recommended Practice
STARRT Safety Task Analysis Risk Reduction Talk
Testing The process by which the hazards that may confront entrants of a permit space are
identified and evaluated.

27