(1) Solve the heat equation subject to the given conditions.

1, 0 x L/2
(a) u(0, t )  0, u( L, t )  0, t  0; u( x, 0)  
0, L / 2  x  L
2 
1  cos( n /2)  kn2 2t / L2 n
Ans: u( x, t ) 

 n 1 n
e sin
L
x

(b) u(0, t )  0, u( L, t )  0, t  0; u( x, 0)  x ( L  x ), 0  x  L
4 L2 
1  cos n  kn2 2t / L2 n
Ans: u ( x, t ) 
3
n 1 n 3
e sin
L
x

(c) u(0, t )  100, u(1, t )  100, t  0; u( x, 0)  0, 0  x  1

200 cos n  1  kn2 2t

Ans: u( x, t )  100 
 n 1
 n
e sin n x

 2u u
(2) Solve the heat equation, k  hu  , where h is a constant, subject to the given conditions.
x 2
t
u ( x, t ) u ( x, t )
(a)  0,  0, t  0; u( x, 0)  f ( x ), 0  x  L
x x 0 x x  L
e  ht 2e  ht 
 n  n
  
L L
Ans: u ( x, t )   f ( x ) dx  x dx  e  kn  t / L cos
2 2 2
f ( x ) cos x
L 0 L n 1
0 L  L
(b) u (0, t )  0, u ( L, t )  0, t  0; u ( x, 0)  f ( x ), 0  x  L
2e  ht 
 n  n
  
L
Ans: u ( x, t )  x dx  e  kn  t / L sin
2 2 2
f ( x )sin x
L n 1
0 L  L
(c) u(0, t )  0, u( , t )  u0 , t  0; u( x, 0)  0, 0  x  
sinh h / k x 2u0ke  ht 
n( 1) n  kn2t
Ans: u( x, t )  u0
sinh h / k 



n 1 ( h  kn )
2
e sin nx

 2u u
(3) Solve the heat equation, k r  , where r is a constant, subject to the given conditions,
x 2
t
u(0, t )  u0 , u(1, t )  u1, t  0; u( x, 0)  f ( x ), 0  x  1

 [ f ( x)  ( x)]sin n x dx e

Ans: u( x, t )   ( x )  2
1
 kn 2 2t
sin n x
0
n 1

r 2  r 
 ( x)   x   u1  u0   x  u0
2k  2k 
(4) Solve the wave equation subject to the given conditions.
u ( x, t )
(a) u (0, t )  0, u ( L, t )  0, t  0; u ( x, 0)  0,  x ( L  x ), 0  x  L
t t 0
4 L3 
 1  ( 1) n an  n
Ans: u ( x, t ) 
a 4
  n 4 sin L
n 1 
t  sin x
 L
u ( x, t )
(b) u (0, t )  0, u (1, t )  0, t  0; u( x, 0)  x (1  x ),  x (1  x ), 0  x  1
t t 0
4  1  ( 1) n

1  ( 1) n 
3 
Ans: u ( x, t )  cos an t  sin an t  sin n x
 n 1  n 3
an 4


 2 u  2u u
(5) Solve the wave equation,  2  2 , 0    1 , where  is a constant, subject to the given
x 2
t t
4-1
 u ( x, t )
conditions, u (0, t )  0, u ( , t )  0, t  0; u( x, 0)  f ( x ),  0, 0  x   .
t t 0

  
2e   t     
Ans: u ( x, t )  f ( x ) sin nx dx  cos n 2   2 t  sin n 2   2 t  sin nx
 n 1 0  n2   2 
 
(6) Solve Laplace’s equation for a rectangular plate subject to the given boundary conditions.
(a) u(0, y )  0, u( a, y )  0, 0  y  b; u( x, 0)  0, u( x, b)  f ( x ), 0  x  a
2 
 a n  n n
Ans: u( x, y )    0 f ( x ) sin
a sinh( n b / a ) n 1  a
x dx  sin
 a
x sinh
a
y

(b) u (0, y )  0, u ( a, y )  0, 0  y  b; u ( x, 0)  f ( x ), u( x, b)  0, 0  x  a
2   a n  n cosh( n b / a ) n  n
Ans: u( x, y )    0 f ( x )sin
a n 1 
x dx   cosh

y
sinh( n b / a )
sinh y  sin x
a a a  a
(c) u(0, y )  1, u( , y )  1, 0  y   ; u( x, 0)  0, u( x,  )  1, 0  x  
2 
1  ( 1) n 2  1  ( 1) n
Ans: u ( x, y )  
 n 1 n sinh n
sinh ny sin nx  
 n 1 n sinh n
[sinh nx  sinh n(  x )]sin ny

(7) Find the steady-state temperature u( r,  ) in a semicircular plate of radius 1 if the boundary conditions are
u(1,  )  u0 , 0     ; u( r, 0)  0, u( r ,  )  u0 , 0  r  1 .

u0 rn 2u0
Ans: u ( r ,  )   

 sin n
 n 1 n
(8) Find the steady-state temperature u ( r ,  ) in a quarter-circular plate of radius c if the boundary conditions
are u (c,  )  f ( ), 0     / 2; u( r, 0)  0, u( r,  / 2)  0, 0  r  c .

 
 2n
4 r  /2
Ans: u( r ,  )  
 n 1  c  0
f ( ) sin 2n d sin 2n

(9) Find the steady-state temperature u ( r ,  ) in an annulus plate of inner radius a and outer radius b if the
boundary conditions are u( a,  )  f ( ), u(b,  )  0, 0    2 .
r   b   r  
n n

Ans: u( r ,  )  A0 ln         [ An cos n  Bn sin n ]

b n 1  r   b  
2 2 2

A0 

0
f ( ) d
, An 
0
f ( ) cos n d
, Bn 
0
f ( )sin n d
2 ln( a / b)  [(b / a )  (a / b) ]
n n
 [(b / a )n  (a / b)n ]
(10)Find the steady-state temperature u( r,  ) in an annulus plate of inner radius a and outer radius b if the
boundary conditions are u( a,  )  ua , u(b,  )  ub , 0    2 . [Let u( r,  )  v ( r,  )   ( r ) .]
ub ln a  ua ln b ua  ub
Ans:  ( r )  c1  c2 ln r   ln r
ln( a / b) ln( a / b)
u ln( r / b)  ub ln( r / a )
u( r,  )  u( r,  )   ( r )  0  a
ln( a / b)
(11)Find the displacement u ( r , t ) of a circular membrane of radius c if the boundary condition and the initial
conditions are u( c, t )  0, t  0; u( r, 0)  0, u ( r, 0)  1, 0  r  c .
2  J 0 ( n r )
Ans: J 0 ( n c )  0   n  u( r, t )  
ac n 1  n2 J 1 ( n c )
sin a n t

4-2