USER MANUAL

HIGH VOLTAGE INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

DDB/DFK
DDN/DFN

CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
INTRODUCTION
TRANSPORT AND HANDLING
INSTALLATION
INSPECTION AND MONITORING QUICK
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
ANNEX I
ANNEX II
ANNEX III

PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
OBSERVATIONS/
Keep the instruction manual in a safe and accessible place
to ensure that any operation or maintenance task can be
performed quickly and easily when necessary.
For safety reasons, only qualified staff can use this equipment.
Read the instruction manual and other documentation before
the equipment’s installation, commissioning and maintenance.
Become familiar with all equipment information and safety
precautions before using the equipment and during its
operation.
Always use the equipment within the guidelines indicated in
the instruction manual and in other relevant documents.
In order to prevent malfunctions, carry out proper controls and
maintenance.
Do not use or handle the equipment in a manner contrary to
what is expressly stated in this manual, do not modify the
equipment with parts from other manufacturers. This behavior
can lead to damage to the equipment and/or personal injury.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS/
For safety reasons, only qualified personnel can carry out
maintenance and commissioning or operation.
Read the instruction manual and other documents before using
the equipment. Become acquainted with every aspect of the
equipment and its safety precautions before using it.
Do not use, handle or modify the equipment in a way that is not
expressly stated in these operating instructions and do not use
or modify the equipment with parts from other manufacturers.
The safety precautions used in this manual are indicated by the
following message:
Indicates that improper use o
DANGER/ handling may result in physical
CAUTION damage to the equipment,
serious injury or even death
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS/
Disposal considerations:
Disposal or recycling will be carried out in accordance with
current legislation. Oil and impregnated products shall be
disposed of through an authorized manager in authorized plants.
They can be incinerated in suitable plants, respecting local
regulations. The oil is free of PCBs and chlorinated products.
More information on the oil safety data sheet. The metals are
recyclable (copper, steel, aluminum, silver, etc.).
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User manual
ARTECHE is not liable for accidents due to causes unrelated to
our guidelines.
In the event of equipment malfunction or any other type of
problem, communicate it immediately to the corresponding
ARTECHE department, providing the following information:
› Evaluation of contents and the product’s nameplate (name,
serial number, type and date of manufacture).
› Description of the problem (as detailed as possible, including
the situation immediately before and after the problem
occurred) and supporting photos or videos.
If you have any questions, please contact www.arteche.com.
› Europe, Africa & Middle East:
customersupport@arteche.com
› Asia (except Middle East) and Oceania:
apac.customersupport@arteche.com
› North America, Central America and the Caribbean:
nam.customersupport@arteche.com
› South America:
latam.customersupport@arteche.com
Depending on the situation, mishandling can have serious
repercussions, even when “Caution” is indicated in this
instruction manual. Strictly observe all security measures.
These safety precautions are the manufacturer’s suggestions to
ensure the safety of the equipment.
Users are requested to establish security measures so as to
maintain safety and the equipment operating in accordance
with various standards and requirements.
ARTECHE will not be liable for accidents caused by not carrying
out the safety measures.
Measures to be taken in the event of an oil spillage:
Prevent the oil from spreading or getting into the sewage
system, ditches or rivers by using sand, absorbents or other
appropriate barriers. Collect the oil with an absorbent material
and send it to appropriate containers for disposal, in accordance
with local legislation. Oil is not easily biodegradable. It contains
components with bioaccumulation potential.
High Voltage Instrument Transformers | DDB/DFK/DDN/DFN
User manual

INTRODUCTION

FOREWORD/
This manual describes the construction, installation, commissioning and monitoring for safe use of a high-voltage instrument
transformer insulated by oil-paper.

SCOPE OF APPLICATION/
The manual applies to the following transformers:
› Capacitive Voltage Transformers, DDB Series, Models DDB-72..170.
› Capacitive Voltage Transformers, DFK Series, Models DFK-245..765.
› Coupling Capacitors, DDN Series, Models DDN-72..170.
› Coupling Capacitors, DFN Series, Models DFN-245..vvz765.

DESIGN/
Capacitive voltage transformers consist of 1 or more capacitor
units mounted on a tank containing the electromagnetic unit
(intermediate transformer, compensation reactance and
auxiliary elements).
The tank is fitted with a box containing the secondary terminals
and the adjustment compensations (they are protected by a
sealed cover).
Oil volume variations in the capacitor unit(s) are compensated for
in one or more metal diaphragms located at the top of each unit.
In the inductive part (tank), the oil level is displayed by a direct
indicator. Each insulator is hermetically sealed and independent.
The coupling capacitors have the same characteristics as
previously indicated for capacitive voltage transformers but
without the electromagnetic unit (EMU).

3
8

9
2

5
10

6 12

11
1. Primary terminal
2. Oil volume compensating system
3. Insulator 8. Upper Capacitor Unit
4. Capacitors 9. Intermediate Capacitor Unit
5. Intermediate voltage tap 10. Lower Capacitor unit
6. Inductive voltage transformer 11. Electromagnetic Unit (EMU)
7. Secondary terminal box 12. Carrier accessories (on demand)

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TRANSPORT AND HANDLING

TRANSPORT/

INJURIES from falls and tipping

DANGER › Do not place the equipment upside down or on its side
› Do not transport the equipment in conditions other than those mentioned

ARTECHE’s packaging guarantees a correct transport to
destination.
Transport must always be carried out in a vertical position.
If the transformer is made up of several capacitor units, it is
shipped disassembled, with all the capacitor units inside the
same box, each one anchored to the base of the packaging,
except the lower one, which is attached to the tank.
For transport, the transformer should be properly attached to
the packaging so as to avoid movement.
› Load and unload the transformer slowly and avoid sudden
movements.
› It must be secured to the truck to avoid movement.
› Keep truck acceleration under 5G, and the speed under:
• Unpaved road ___________ Max. 30 km/hour
• Secondary roads ___________ Max. 60 km/hour
• Highway (Motorway) ___________ Max. 90 km/hour

RECEIPT/

INJURIES AND/OR FIRE

DANGER
› Do not use damaged equipment

After receipt, check the packages for signs of shock, tampering,
etc. Any anomaly must be indicated on the transport
company’s receipt sheet and communicated to ARTECHE or
the equipment supplier.
Once the transformer has been unpacked, check that none of
the screws holding the insulator have become loose during
transport. If they have, tighten them according to the torque
indicated in Annex II. If any other type of anomaly appears,
inform ARTECHE or the supplier of the equipment.
Attach pictures of the damaged transformers with the report.
› Possible damage to the packaging: Dents on the outside, open
packaging, etc.
› Possible damage to equipment: Broken or defective insulator,
dented metal parts, damaged secondary terminal box, etc.
The packed units can be moved by forklift or with slings and/or
chains. Follow the safety markings on the packaging.

STORAGE/
The storage area must maintain the necessary health and safety
conditions so as to avoid damage to the transformer. Follow the
safety markings on the packaging at all times.
› Always store in an upright position: The transformers must be
stored upright in their original packaging, which was designed
to this end.
Wooden packaging loses its properties over time, especially
when exposed to the elements.
Therefore, transformers cannot be stored in their packaging
indefinitely. This period depends on the type of wood,
temperature, humidity, contamination, etc. It is recommended
to check the integrity of the packaging regularly.
After unpacking the transformers, if they are not to be installed
immediately, always store them firmly anchored to the ground
without time restriction.
The final holder will be responsible for delivering the used
packaging or its waste for environmental management according
to the legislation in force in their country.

HANDLING/

INJURIES from falls and tipping

› Do not place the equipment upside down or on its side
DANGER › Handle the transformer according to the instructions in this manual
› A sling which is in good condition and is suitable for handling the equipment should be
used according to the equipment’s weight, indicated on the nameplate

Under no circumstances should a transformer be manipulated by pulling on the primary terminals

This may cause damage to the equipment and void its warranty
For multiple capacitor units, never move the entire unit suspended by its head. Always move it from the base (tank)
fig. 1a, fig. 1b

It is recommended to transport the packaged transformers to
the construction site.
Unpacking: Remove the top and sides of the box to allow free
handling of the unit.
Annex I, contains the figures mentioned below.
The movements are to be carried out as shown in fig. 1.
For transformers consisting of a single capacitor unit, the slings
must be placed in the holes prepared for this purpose in the
base and, before lifting, the screws that join the unit to the base
of the packaging must be loosened.

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The slings must be attached to the upper flange area of the
insulator to prevent it from tipping over during the operation
(see fig. 1b).
Indications for units consisting of several capacitor units:
› For the lower unit, proceed as described above.
› For all other capacitor units, the slings are to be tied to the
upper flange of the isolator (see fig. 1c) or to the eyebolts of
the cover (see fig. 1d).

Only the fastening screws in the packaging must be loosened as shown in fig. 2, otherwise the tightness will be
broken and oil will leak out

Once the equipment has been unpacked, a visual inspection is manufacturing process.
suggested so as to detect possible oil leaks or stains. The stain should be cleaned with a degreaser and the equipment
Oil stains are not necessarily the result of a leak. In most should be kept under observation. If the stain reappears or
cases, the stains are nothing more than oil residues from the spreads, contact the manufacturer.

INSTALLATION

INJURY AND/OR FIRE

› Do not install the equipment without following our specifications
› Use the transformers under proper service conditions and according to specifications
› Do not loosen any screws or fastening nuts, it can cause oil leaks

DANGER
ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE
› Do not wire or connect when the equipment is in operation
› The ground terminal of the apparatus must be solidly earthed by means of a connection capable
of withstanding and conducting the line’s fault current to earth.
› Do not short-circuit the secondary circuit of the transformer

MOUNTING ON THE STRUCTURE OR PLATFORM/

Check the information on the nameplate to verify that the If this is not the case, correct the defect, by wedging metal
electrical characteristics match those of the system. plates or similar. Failure to do so may result in insulator breakage
Carefully check that all four legs of the transformer are perfectly or oil leakage.
placed on the platform before tightening the anchor bolts.

TRANSFORMER MOUNTING (when the unit consists of several capacitor units)/

The assembly of the transformer made up of several capacitor
units must be carried out on the structure in the following
sequence:
1. Lower capacitor unit:
› Remove the protective cover of the compensators from
the upper part (fig. 3), keeping the nuts for subsequent
attachment of the upper unit.
› Lift it onto the structure as described in the handling section
and fig. 1b.
2. Intermediate capacitor unit (if any):
› Remove the protective cover of the compensators from
the upper part (fig. 3), keeping the nuts for subsequent
attachment of the upper unit.
› Only the screws that connect the unit to the base of the
packaging should be loosened. The unit is now ready to be
lifted (fig. 2).
› To lift it as described in the chapter on handling and fig. 1c
and fig. 1d.
› This unit is placed on top of the lower unit by connecting the
cable between the two to the threaded hole at the bottom
of the upper unit by means of the screw provided (fig. 4.)
Both units are to be coupled with the stud bolts that have
become free after removing the protection disc (fig. 5.) The
tightening torques are given in Annex II.
3. Upper capacitor unit: Proceed as in point 2 (Not applicable
the point regarding the protective cover).

Do not forget to make the electrical connections between the capacitor units
Check that the serial numbers on the same transformer match

If an already installed unit is disassembled, proceed in the Keep the grounding switch of the carrier accessories (if
opposite way to that indicated, not forgetting to fit the short- applicable) in the closed position.
circuit cable to all the capacitor units.

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ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS/
Primary connections

A faulty contact or a bad connection can lead to rapid transformer deterioration

Do not use the secondary terminal block as a step

CAUTION A platform lift or ladder should be used to make or check the primary connections,
upholding the necessary safety conditions for work at height. Under no circumstances
may the terminal block be used as a support

The primary terminal material is aluminum or copper. They can Do not bring aluminum into contact with copper-based materials
have a tin or silver coating to prevent galvanic pair corrosion and unless special precautions are taken.
improve their contact.

Material Finish Cleaning

Copper
We recommend cleaning the contact surfaces with
Silver or tin plated a soft cloth (avoid brushing with a metal brush)
Aluminum

Aluminum We recommended vigorously brushing the contact

surfaces with a soft metal brush (preferably
Unfinished stainless steel) or sandpaper, until you see the
Copper/Brass characteristic shine of the clean metal

Only impregnate the contact surfaces to be used with contact Tightening must be carried out using a torque wrench, as shown
grease, keeping the others clean. Remove excess grease to on the diagram plates and in Annex II.
avoid contamination.

Avoid excessive torque, as the connector may suffer damage such as cracks which may expand in the future and
cause it to break

An inadequate torque may cause improper contact and cause the terminals to heat up during operation

Check the correct external wiring.

Secondary connections

In the terminal box there is a block where the secondary wires the secondary marking plate on the inside of the box cover.
are connected. The disposition of the terminals is indicated on

Any secondary one that is not loaded must be open and grounded at a single point
The current in a short-circuited secondary can reach dangerous values and can even destroy the device

The secondary winding(s) must be connected to earth through
one of its terminals, preferably in the secondary terminal box
itself.
In case of secondary with intermediate taps, the common termi-
nal must be grounded.
Check that the secondary connections are correctly tightened
and the contact surfaces are clean.
The screws of the lower cable gland cover, the block cover
and the terminals must be tightened to the torque specified in
Annex II.
Do not leave the terminal block open after handling. It should
be properly closed with the cover and lid.

Grounding

The ground terminal of the transformer must be properly
connected to the ground network by a connection capable of
carrying the network’s fault current. Check that the connection
is tightened correctly and that the contact surfaces are clean.
The low voltage terminal of the primary voltage winding must
always be grounded when the transformer is in service. This
terminal can be located inside the secondary terminal box on
the side of the box (fig. 7).
The high-frequency terminal (HF), which protrudes from
the capacitor unit, must be firmly connected to the ground
terminal of the housing (fig. 8a). If there are carrier accessories,
this high frequency (HF) terminal shall be connected to the
carrier accessory block. While this equipment is not in use, the
grounding switch must remain closed (fig. 8b).
Note: In the case of transformers equipped with PQSensor®, the
ground connections of the low voltage terminal of the primary
voltage winding and that of the high frequency terminal (AF/HF)
are done inside the secondary terminal box.

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User manual

The transformer must be firmly grounded. A faulty or missing connection may cause damage or even
DANGER
destroy the device

Final Considerations

Once the installation has been completed, the short-circuit cable must be removed from each capacitor unit before
energizing the transformer (see fig. 9.) This cable is used to prevent the capacitor from being charged during storage
and handling

If the transformer is equipped with a grounding switch for the electromagnetic unit, it should only be used for
maintenance purposes. It is not intended for permanent earthing of the electromagnetic unit in operation, as the
insulation of the capacitor part would be reduced (fig. 10)

The following elements are located on the right side of the terminal block:
Resin block: Metal block:
› Transformer adjustment taps and ferroresonance protection › Transformer adjustment taps and ferroresonance protection
circuit connection links, covered by a protective cap which is circuit connections, covered by a protective cap which is
sealed at the factory. Do not open the box. sealed at the factory. Do not open the box.
› The main protection circuit is located on the protection cover,
connected to the terminals “RS1” and “RS2” marked on the
block itself. Important: This main protection circuit must be
always connected.

[3]
[1]
[1]
[2]
[3]

1. Protective cover for adjustment taps.

2. Main ferroresonance protection circuit (only accessible for the resin block).
3. Precinct.

INSPECTION AND MONITORING

ELECTRIC SHOCK AND/OR INJURY

› Everything should only be carried out by personnel who is qualified in the maintenance and verification
DANGER
of the equipment
› Do not touch live parts

Always follow the Arteche Manual for instructions on transport,
storage, handling and installation.
ARTECHE instrument transformers do not require maintenance.
There are no moving parts and no components susceptible to
wear and tear, so no active maintenance is required.
However, some companies perform some maintenance
operations on instrument transformers as part of a general
substation maintenance program. These maintenance programs
are not intended to extend the life of the units, as the measures
have no impact on the state of the insulation or the performance
of the units. These programs serve to know the state of the
isolation, so that the user can make decisions based on the
results obtained, as well as detect situations that may be causing
damage to the unit.
We at Arteche, as manufacturers, do not establish any specific
measures, since the decision depends on:
› the resources available to each user,
› the location of the instrument transformer (can be a position
which is more or less critical),
› the environmental and electrical conditions that the unit must
withstand at each specific point,
› the history of the unit,
› the specific types or the problematic units,
› etc…
The following inspection points are only a suggestion in case
they are within the user’s maintenance policy.
1. Physical inspection:
a. Mechanical: Look for signs of impact, damage or loose
parts.
b. Electrical: Check the correct state of the electrical
connections.
c. Oil: Look for oil leaks and check the oil level.
2. Dielectric tests:
d. Electrical tests to evaluate the insulation of the equipment.
For the test procedure, see Annex III.
3. Thermographic testing:
e. Use of thermographic cameras.
ARTECHE offers a diagnostic service for capacitive voltage
transformers in the field. More information: www.arteche.com.

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Type Code Test Observations

A1 Packaging Look for signs of rough handling.

A2 Insulator Check that is not damaged and is clean. Check that it is not loose, bent or broken.

Primary
A3 Check that they are not loose, bent or broken.
Terminals

A4 Secondary Check that it is not damaged and that it is securely fastened to the tank or transformer holder.
Terminal
Box Check that no water enters the terminal box due to rain.
A5
Check that the ventilation openings are not blocked.

A6 Metal parts Check for dents, scratches or signs of corrosion.

Unusual
A7 Check for unusual noises, vibrations or odors.
behavior
Check that there is good contact, that there are no signs of corrosion and that all nuts and bolts are
Primary
Physical inspection

B1 properly tightened. The use of conductive grease such as Penetrox A13 is recommended to improve
connections
contact.
Check that all screws are properly tightened, and that there are no signs of corrosion.
Secondary In the case of secondary windings with intermediate taps, check that the connection matches the real
B3
circuits transformer ratio.
Check that the unused secondary windings are in open circuit.
Check that the grounding terminal is correctly connected to the substation grounding network, that
B4 Grounding
the screws are correctly tightened and that there are no signs of corrosion.
Voltage
Check that the neutral terminal (N) of the primary winding is grounded.
transformer
B6 Leaving it open when the transformer is energized will cause surges and damage to the
neutral
transformer.
connection

B7 Readings Check that the reading values of the secondary match the values expected.

Verify that the high frequency (HF) terminal is connected to ground or to the accessory block. While
B8 AF connection
this equipment is not in use, the carrier wave groundings witch must remain closed.
Oil level
C1 Check the oil level in the tank through the sight glass.
indicator
Check the following areas for visible oil traces:
› Insulator flanges
Oil stains
C2 › Junctures between parts of the metal enclosure
or leaks
› Junctures between the secondary terminal box and the tank or base
› Primary terminals’ surrounding area
The limit values of this parameter depend on the transformer’s voltage level. The recommended values
are given with the order. It is also important to control this parameter’s change over time. A change
in the value of this parameter indicates a change in the properties of insulation, but it is not definitive
D1 PF/DDF/tgδ proof of faulty insulation. For this reason, if the value of the delta tangent is above the recommended
value or has increased, a careful investigation should be carried out and further testing may be required.
In this case, contact Arteche for assistance.
For details on the test procedure, follow Annex III.
For field tests, the use of the megohmmeter (Megger) is very common, and the tests that are usually
done are:
› N/P2 against secondary and Ground
› Each secondary against ground
Dielectric tests

Measurement › Among the secondaries

of the In the case of new equipment, the value obtained does not provide any information, unless a short circuit
D2 Insulation is detected. Generally, values above 200 MΩ should be expected. However, the comparison of long-term
resistance values - such as in the case of tanδ, or of power factor - can help determine if a device is still in good working
conditions.
Do not test at voltages above 3 kV AC or 1 kV DC.
Do not test for more than one minute. It is not recommended to repeat this test often as the
internal insulation could be damaged.
For details on the test procedure, follow Annex III.
The Portable Transformer Ratio Meter is commonly used to measure the ratio, excitation current and
polarity of windings. The values obtained are a reference that the transformer is in good condition
and can be energized. They should not be compared with the results of factory tests carried out in the
D3 Ratio test manufacturing plant laboratory.
Due to the high precision required for this measurement, the actual uncertainty of the test must be
taken into account when testing on site.
For details on the test procedure, follow Annex III.
Thermographic

Using thermographic cameras, hot spots can be detected during the operation of transformers. In
tests

Thermographic most cases, hot spots on instrument transformers occur at the primary terminals’ connection point to
E1
analysis the line. If present, check the integrity of the connectors, as well as their correct position and whether
they are correctly tightened.

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TESTS PROGRAM/

When What
On arrival of the transformers at the warehouse or substation A1
After unpacking A2 - A3 - A4 - A6 - C2
During assembly A2 - A3 - A4 – A5 - A6 - B1 - B3 - B4 - B6 - B8 - C1 - C2 - D2 - D3
After energizing A7 - B7 - C1 - C2 - F1
Routine checks (weekly or monthly) A2 - A7 - B7 - C1 - C2
Annual verifications A2 - A3 - A4 - A5 - A6 - A7 - B1 - B3 - B4 - B6 - B7 - B8 - C1 - C2 - F1
Every five yea Same as annual + D1
After re-connections, load changes A7 - B1 - B3 - B4 - B6 - B7 - B8 - F1
A3 - A7 - B1 - B3 - B4 - B6 - B7 - B8 - C1 - C2 - D1
After the fault conditions, the short circuits, etc.
See also “Careful check of the transformer” below

CAREFUL CHECK OF THE TRANSFORMER/

It is recommended that all regular tests be repeated after a (e.g. a short circuit with current or duration values higher
long period of operation (about 20 years), or if a major network than the nominal ones, or over-voltages caused by the
disturbance has occurred that could damage the transformer malfunctioning of the switches).

QUICK TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

Phenomenon Cause Countermeasure

Clean the area and keep it under observation

Oil residues from the for 24 hours. If the stain does not reappear,
manufacturing process the device can function normally. If the
leak persists, contact ARTECHE
Oil stains
Tighten the screws and bolts, clean the
Loose junctures area and keep it under observation.
If the leak persists, contact ARTECHE

Cracks or damage to components Contact ARTECHE

Remove the transformer from

Non-visible oil level Oil leakage or overpressure
service and contact ARTECHE

Cracks in resin parts Blows or improper handling Contact ARTECHE

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User manual - Annex I High Voltage Instrument Transformers | DDB/DFK/DDN/DFN

ANNEX I

HANDLING AND CONNECTION

› DDB-72..170 › DFK-245..765 › DDN-72..170 › DFN-245..765

 User manual - Annex I

1a 1b 1c 1d

› Fig. 1: Handling

THE UNIT IS FIXED

BY MEANS OF THE
4 FIXING SCREWS

FIXING SCREW

4 FIXING SCREWS 4 NUTS ARE USED TO FIX IT

TO THE PACKAGING.
REMOVE THEM FOR
UNPACKING

DO NOT TOUCH - OILTIGHTNESS DO NOT TOUCH - OILTIGHTNESS

› Fig. 2: Loosen only these screws

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User manual - Annex I

› Fig. 3: Protective cover

› Fig. 4: Connection cable for capacitor units

› Fig. 5: Assembly between capacitor units

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› Fig. 6: Level indicator › Fig. 7: Neutral grounding connection

› Fig. 8a: HF grounding without carrier accessories › Fig. 8b: HF connection with carrier accessories

› Fig. 9: Short-circuit cable of capacitor unit Remove only before energizing › Fig. 10: Grounding switch

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User manual - Annex II High Voltage Instrument Transformers | DDB/DFK/DDN/DFN

ANNEX II

TIGHTENING TORQUES

TORQUE WRENCH SETTING (Nm)

SCREW
TYPE
USE TORQUE WRENCH SETTING

M12/16/20 Fixing the insulator to the base 30 Nm

M12 Support between capacitor units 30 Nm

M12 Insulator flange to intermediate plate 30 Nm

M6 Connection cable between capacitor units 12 Nm

M8 Tank Lid 30 Nm

M8 Primary Terminals 20 Nm

M8 Secondary terminals (if they are of the screw type) 12 Nm

M6 Grounding (inside secondary terminal box) 12 Nm

M10 HF terminal 12 Nm

M6 Cable gland 12 Nm

M8 Terminal Block Cover 20 Nm

M6 Bottom closing lid of the terminal block 12 Nm

NOTE: If a torque different from that indicated in this table is indicated on the drawing or plates of the equipment, the torque indicated on the drawing
or plate must be applied.
User manual - Annex III High Voltage Instrument Transformers | DDB/DFK/DDN/DFN

ANNEX III

ELECTRICAL FIELD TESTING

All ARTECHE transformers are assessed at our High Voltage laboratories, under the strictest criteria of international standards and/or
under specific client standards/specifications when so requested. All of it under a thorough quality system, certified under ISO 9001.
However, it is normal for pre-operative tests to be performed in order to confirm certain important equipment values. The following
is a guide to the most common on-site tests and the proper way to perform them on ARTECHE brand transformers.
This annex applies to the following equipment:
› Capacitive Voltage Transformers, DDB Series, Models DDB-72..170.
› Capacitive Voltage Transformers, DFK Series, Models DFK-245..765.
› Coupling Capacitors, DDN Series, Models DDN-72..170.
› Coupling Capacitors, DFN Series, Models DFN-245..765.

MEASUREMENT OF CAPACITANCE AND DIELECTRIC DISSIPATION FACTOR (tanδ)
The purpose of this test is to assess the insulation of the HV
transformer.
NOTE: Field testing of tanδ may be susceptible to differences
in measured values from factory testing due to the following
factors:
› The type of test equipment used and the measurement voltage
level.
› Thermal conditions (high humidity, rain, pollution).
› Temperature of the test object.
› Stress induced to the test object through other equipment.
It is recommended that the surfaces of the transformer (insulators
and others) be clean, to avoid external leakage currents.
Test instruments for field use are usually equipped with solutions
to compensate for external leakage current. The voltage test
for this particular equipment is typically 10 kV for high voltage
insulation and approximately 2.5 kV for low voltage insulation.
CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS AND COUPLING CAPACITORS/
The delta tangent measurement is carried out with the same
layout as the capacitance measurement.
Measurements can be made of tanδ and capacitance of the
capacitor unit(s), Cn, C1 and C2.
All measurements must be made with the equipment switched
off and with a test voltage <10 kV for measurements Cn and C1
and <2 kV for measurement C2.
Cn - Total rated capacitance
The rated capacitance Cn of the unit is the capacitance value
between the high voltage terminal (number 1 in fig. 1) and the
low voltage terminal (number 3 in fig. 1.)
The capacitor voltage divider is designed to meet the rated
capacitance Cn.
This value, with some tolerance allowed, is engraved on the
nameplate.
The value of Cn is calculated with the following formula:
Cn=( 1∗ 2)/( 1+ 2)
Test procedure (fig. 2):
› Disconnect the HF connection to ground.
› The (HV) power cable of the measuring equipment must be
connected to the primary terminal (A/H1).
› The measurement cable must be connected to the high
frequency terminal (HF).
C1 - High voltage capacitance
The high voltage capacitance C1 corresponds to the part of the
capacitor connected between the line terminal (number 1 in the
fig. 1) and the intermediate voltage terminal of the capacitive
divider (number 2 in fig. 1).
This test can only be performed in the field if the transformer
has a grounding switch, since point 2 is not directly accessible
because it is inside the lower capacitor unit. For that reason, the
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User manual - Annex III
Tanδ and capacitance measurement can also be performed in
the field using other low voltage test bridges and a transportable
high voltage test set capable of measuring voltages up to the
nominal voltage. The choice and application of various test
equipment is at the discretion and experience of the user.
In addition to the measurement of tanδ, the measuring
equipment can usually also measure other parameters such as
capacitance and power factor.
way to measure this capacitance is to close the grounding switch,
thus short-circuiting the electromagnetic unit and connecting
point 2 in the figure to ground. The measurement will be made
directly between the high voltage terminal (number 1 in fig. 1)
and the transformer tank or transformer ground.
Test procedure (fig. 3):
› Disconnect the HF connection to ground.
› Close the grounding switch.
› The (HV) power cable of the measuring equipment must be
connected to the primary terminal (A/H1).
› The measuring cable must be connected to the ground terminal
of the transformer.
C2 - Capacitance of the intermediate voltage capacitor
The capacitance of the C2 intermediate voltage capacitor
corresponds to the part of the capacitor connected between the
intermediate voltage terminal of the capacitive divider (number
2 in fig. 1) and the low voltage terminal (number 3 in fig. 1).
This test can only be performed in the field if the transformer
has a grounding switch, since point 2 is not directly accessible
because it is inside the lower capacitor unit. For this reason,
the way to measure this capacitance is to close the grounding
switch, thus short-circuiting the electromagnetic unit and
connecting point 2 in the figure to ground. The measurement
will be made directly between the low voltage terminal (number
3 in fig. 1) and the transformer tank or transformer ground.
Test procedure (fig. 4):
› Disconnect the HF connection to ground.
› Close the earthing switch.
› The power supply cable (HV) of the measuring instrument
must be connected to the high frequency (HF) terminal (low
voltage terminal).
› The measuring cable must be connected to the ground terminal
of the transformer.
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User manual - Annex III

Capacitance of each capacitor unit

The capacitance of each capacitor unit can be measured directly
between the flanges of the insulators, with the exception of the
bottom insulator.
Test procedure for intermediate capacitor units or higher:
› The power supply cable (HV) of the measuring equipment must
be connected to the higher flange or the primary terminal.
› The measuring cable must be connected to the lower flange of
the capacitor unit.
Test procedure for the lower capacitor unit:
› Disconnect the HF connection to ground.
› The (HV) power cable of the measuring equipment must be
connected to the primary terminal (A/H1) or the higher flange.
› The measurement cable must be connected to the high
frequency terminal (HF).

High Voltage Terminal

1
1

High Voltage Capacitance C1

Electromagnetic unit

Intermediate Capacitance C2

3
Grounding
Carrier Switch
accessories (if included 3
(if included with unit)
with unit)

› Fig. 1a › Fig. 1b

TERMINAL A/H1 TERMINAL A/H1

10 kV 10 kV

Cn / FP GST-GND

C2 / FP GST-GND
C1 / FP GST-GND

2 kV
AF / HF AF / HF

TANQUE TANQUE

› Fig. 2 › Fig. 3 › Fig. 4

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 User manual - Annex III

INSULATION RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT

The measurement of the insulation resistance is done to check
the integrity of the transformer insulation and to ensure that it
has not been internally damaged during transportation.
This test depends largely on the design of the transformer, the
general configuration of the test, the instruments used, etc.
The values obtained may not be representative of the actual
state of the insulation.
If this test is performed, it is recommended to contact the
manufacturer.
For field tests, the use of the megohmmeter (Megger) is very
common, and the tests that are usually done are:
› Neutral against secondary and ground.
› Each secondary against ground.
› Among the secondaries.
In the case of new equipment, the value obtained does not
provide any information, unless a short circuit is detected.
Generally, values above 200 MΩ should be expected. However,
the comparison of long-term values - such as in the case of
tanδ, or of power factor - can help determine if a device is still in good
working conditions.
Do not test at voltages above 3 kV AC or 1 kV DC.
Do not test for more than one minute. It is not recommended
to repeat this test often as the internal insulation could be
damaged.

CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS/

Neutral against Secondaries + Ground N/S+G Between secondaries S/S
› The line cable of the measuring equipment must be connected › This test is only applicable to transformers having more than
to the terminal N/H2* disconnecting the grounding link of the 1 secondary.
primary winding. › Primary terminal A/H1 must be disconnected and the neutral
› The ground cable of the measuring instrument must be connection of the (N/H2*) primary winding must be grounded.
connected to the short-circuited secondary terminals together › The secondaries to be assessed will be connected; one to
with the ground terminals on the secondary terminal block as the line cable and the other(s) to the ground cable of the
well as the tank. measuring equipment.
Secondaries against Ground S/G › The test is repeated with each secondary.
› Primary terminal A/H1 must be disconnected and the neutral
connection of the (N/H2*) primary winding must be grounded.
› The line cable of the measuring equipment must be connected
to the short-circuited secondary terminals.
› The grounding cable of the measuring equipment must be
connected to the tank.
* The N or H2 terminal can be located inside the secondary terminal box on the side of the box.

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User manual - Annex III

TRANSFORMER RATIO TEST

The Portable Transformer Ratio Meter (TTR) is commonly used The TTR contains 4 terminals (this configuration may vary
to measure the ratio, excitation current and polarity of windings. depending on the manufacturer):
The values obtained are a reference that the transformer is › H1: Black excitation terminal.
in good condition and can be energized. They should not be › H2: Red excitation terminal.
compared with the results of factory tests carried out in the
manufacturing plant laboratory. › X1: Black secondary terminal.

Due to the high precision required for this measurement, the › X2: Red secondary terminal.
actual uncertainty of the test must be taken into account when
testing on site.

CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS/

This test verifies the transformer ratio and polarity, and displays
a “+” signal if correct, and a “-” signal if inverted. To carry out the
test, proceed as follows (fig. 5.
› The excitation terminals (clamps marked “H”) will be connected
to the transformer’s primary circuit:
• H1 will be connected to the primary terminal of equipment A/H1.
• H2 will be connected to the ground terminal, located at the
base of the equipment.
› The clamps marked “X” will be connected to the transformer’s
secondary terminals:
• X1 will be connected to the beginning of the winding. When
the secondary has taps, you must connect X1 to the tap of the
secondary terminal which is to be tested.
• X2 will be connected at the end of the secondary winding.
• This test must be applied to each secondary separately;
in case the transformer has more than one secondary, the
secondaries which are not to be tested must be left open.

A/H1

H1

a1 a2 a3
n
H2
T.T.R.
X2
X1

› Fig. 5

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MU_HV_DDB_DFK_DDN_DFN_EN
V: A1 11/02/2022

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