UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS OF INFLUENCING PUBLIC

TRANSPORT MODE CHOICE OF TOURIST GOING TO ELNIDO

PALAWAN

DIANA JOY S. ALOS

ABEGAIL B. DIOQUINO
CHARITY GRACE L. MARINO
ARMINA O. VILLAFLOR

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE RESEARCH

COMMITTEE OF THE COLLEGE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND
MANAGEMENT, WESTERN PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

JUNE 2023

i
 APPROVAL PAGE

The undergraduate thesis attached hereto, entitled “UNDERSTANDING

THE FACTORS OF INFLUENCING PUBLIC TRANSPORT CHOICE OF
TOURIST GOING TO EL NIDO PALAWAN”, prepared and submitted by DIANA
JOY S. ALOS, ABEGAIL B. DIOQUINO, CHARITY GRACE L. MARINO,
ARMINA O. VILLAFLOR in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management is hereby accepted.

THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE

JOSEPH C. LLANTO, MIHM

Thesis Adviser
___________________
Date Signed

CHARMAE A. SANTIAGO MAY AIZA BELLE P.

JUNIO
Member Member

_________________ _________________
Date signed Date Signed

ROY B. CABARLES
Chair
_______________
Date Signed

Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor

of Science in Hospitality Management.

SOL DE VILLA B. RAMA, DPA

Dean
College of Public Administration and Management

_________________

ii
 Date Signed

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to acknowledge all the people who helped and support us to
complete this research even in a simple way.

First and foremost, to our powerful God, for his unending love, guidance, care,
protect and also for all the blessings that He gave for us. To our parents, for always
supporting in moral, financial, care, guidance and for the love.

Joseph C. Llanto, thank you for your kindness, for always reminding us to do
this paper, for the patience, guidance, and support in checking this paper.

DJ.S.A

A.B.D

CG.L.M

A.O.V

iii
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The first research was born on March 8, 2001. she currently lives in Brgy. Sagpangan

Aborlan Palawan. She is the by guidance of her biological parents Mr. and Mrs.

Marinio she finished her elementary education at Balintang elementary school,she

took up her secondary education at Quezon Aramaywan National High School , she

currently studying Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management at Western

Philippine University main-campus.

DIANA JOY S. ALOS

iv
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The researcher was born on November 28,2001. She currently lives in Brgy.

Isaub Aborlan Palawan. She was the eldest child among the four children of Mr. Al-

berto Balinbin Dioquino and Mrs. Dolores Bernal Dioquino. She was name Abegail

B. Dioquino.

She Studied and finished his Elementary education at Isaub Elementary

School. And awarded by being active in playing Lyrist instrument and finished his

secondary education at Isaub National Highschool. In her high school years, she is an

active at GSP and awarded 2021 best girl Scout in Aborlan. And able to work and

bake at a young age of 13 years old.

Completed and TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL LIVELIHOOD. Taking Home

Economics course and got her NCII, after her work immersion from PPSAT in Puerto

Princesa City and was inspired of baking. She is now pursuing the course of Bachelor

of science in hospitality Management (BSHM) at Western Philippines University

(WPU) Main Campus in Aborlan Palawan.

ABEGAIL B. DIOQUINO

v
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKECTH

The first research was born on April 1, 2001. she currently lives in barangay

Balintang Isugod, Quezon, Palawan by guidance of her biological parents Mr. and

Mrs. Marinio she finished her elementary education at Balintang elementary school,

she took up her secondary education at Quezon Aramaywan National High School,

she currently studying Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management at Western

Philippine University main-campus.

CHARITY GRACE L. MARINO

vi
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKECTCH

The last research was born on November 16,2000 in Sofrano, Espanola,

Palawan .she third among 5 children of Mr. Romualdo O, Villaflor and Mrs. Lucaya

O, Villaflor , she finished her elementary at Rio Tuba elementary school , she took up

her secondary and senior high school at Rio tuba national high school , after she

finished up her secondary education she enrolled at western Philippines university

main-campus and she decided to take up bachelor of science in hospitality

management , she love playing music and loves to cook food , and she determined to

finish her study because of her parents

ARMINA O.VILLAFLOR

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
ACCEPTANCE PAGE ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH viii
ABSTRACT ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS xi
LIST OF TABLES xii
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF APPENDECIES xiii

CHAPTER

I INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Objectives of the Study 3
Significance of the Study 4
Scope and Limitations of the Study 4
Operational Definition of Terms 5

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 6

Theoretical Framework 17
Conceptual Paradigm 19

III METHODOLOGY 20
The Locale of the Study 20
The Research Design 21
The Respondents of the Study 21
The Sampling Procedure 21
The Research Instrument 21
The Procedure for Data Collection 22
The Data Analysis 22

viii
 IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 23

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 29

Summary 29
Conclusions 31
Recommendations 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY 33
APPENDICES 39

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1.1 Profile of the respondents in terms of name 34

1.2 Profile of the respondents in terms of age 34

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1 Conceptual Paradigm 14

2 Map of Irawan terminal Puerto Princessa Palawan 15

x
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Public transportation system includes a variety of transit options such as buses

light rail, and subways these systems are available to the general public may require a

fare and run at scheduled time the purpose of introducing or expanding public transit

while at the same time, reducing motor vehicle mites driven and traffic congestion.

Transportation researchers so far have had a limited ability to assess the

potential impacts associated with the growth in the use of on demand ride services.

One reason is the death of data about users. Themselves the ways they use ride hailing

services and changes in the behavior that ride hailing use produces another reason is

the high level of uncertainty over the evolution and eventual moderation of demand

ride services third reason is the heterogeneity in the potential impacts owing to

differences in the local context and the characteristic of the users without a clear

understanding of how these services will be changing travel patterns policy makers

and transportation planners face a significant challenge in their efforts to move the

transportation system toward goals for sustainability and equity and safety.

[Farzad,2018]

1
Statement of the Problem

This study will be conduct to determine the understanding the factor of influencing

public transport mode choice in brgy, Irawan Puerto Princesa city, Palawan. To find

answers to the following question:

1. What are the demographic profile respondents in term of?

1.1. Age

1.2. Sex

1.3. Civil status

1.4. Distance of service

1.5. Car ownership

1.6. Travel destination

2. What are the attitudes toward public transport use?

3.How does subjective norm over public transport use?

4. What are the personal norm and perceived behavior control over public transport

use?

5. What are the intention to use public transport?

2
Objectives of the Study

This study entitled “Understanding the factors in influencing public transport mode

choice of tourist going to El Nido Palawan aims to:

1. To identify the socio demographic profile of the respondents in term of; Name,

Age, Sex, civil status, distance of service, car ownership, travel destination.

2. To identify the advantage and disadvantage of public transportation of tourist

commuters.

3. To assess the public transportation gives satisfaction to every tourist commuter.

4. To determine the characteristic of public transportation service that can affect

commuters’ satisfaction.

5. To determine the safety practices of public transportation.

Significance of the Study

The significant of the study depicts the reasons for the researcher to undertake
a particular study. This study provides the necessary information which is
fundamental in the following aspects.

To Commuters. This study might be guide for them to choose the very

convenient public transport vehicle.

To the employee. This study might help them to understand customer and can

3
be a reference when applying in work like in restaurant.

To the future researcher. This study will be useful reference to those

researchers who plan to make a related study and this research can be a source of

enlightenment for their future studies.

To customer. This study will give them knowledge to easily know the

restaurant that has a good service quality and customer satisfaction.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of the study was delimited to the employees, commuters, drivers,

owner to the brgy Irawan Puerto Princesa city, Palawan

Operational Definition of Terms

For a proper and better understanding of this study, the following terms were

defined operationally:

Transport – take or carry (people or goods) from one place to another by means of a
vehicle, aircraft, or ship.

Commuters- a person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis

Travel- go from one place to another, typically over a distance of some length.

Vehicle- a thing used for transporting people or goods, especially on land, such as a
car, truck, or cart

Choice- act of selecting or making a decision when faced with two or more
possibilities.

4
Tour - a journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited

Hospitality- the friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests, visitors,
or strangers.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Local Literature

Customer Satisfaction

Paula Vicente, Ana Sampaio, Elizabeth Reis 2016. Public transport providers

are constantly looking for ways to increase their ridership either by gaining new or

maintaining current passengers. In recent years, societies increasing concern about

climate change and preserving the environment has led public transport providers in

many countries to become more oriented towards environmental sustainability. The

decision of transit agencies to become greener benefits the environment and may also

benefit the business because companies that are able to visibly demonstrate the ethics

and show

According to (Tri B Joewono, Ari KM Tarigan, Yusak O Susilo, 2016) This

study investigates the relationship between road – based public transport user

preferences and expectations of particular levels of support and their support of a set

of improvement policy scenarios in Indonesia . a series of structural equation

modelling estimations was carried out, using empirical survey among road-based

5
public transportation users in three major urban areas ; Jakarta , Bandung and

Yogyakarta .

Mohammad Tamim Kashifi, Arshad Jamal, Mohammad Samim Kashefi,

Meshal Almoshaogeh, Syed Masiur Rahman Travel Behaviour and Society 29, 279-

296, 2022 Prediction of mode choice for travelers has been the subject of keen interest

among transportation planners. Traditionally, mode choice analysis is conducted by

statistical models or simple machine learning (ML) paradigms. Although statistical

analysis approaches have a good theoretical basis and interpretability, they are built

on several unrealistic assumptions regarding the distribution of data, which may lead

to biased model predictions. On the other hand, the ML methods widely used in this

regard have poor interpretability and fail to capture the …

Mayo, Fancis L,Taboado, Evelyn B. ,Publication Date: 2020- 3 .Urban

transport provides access to multiple services, structures and impedes daily life of

residents, and translate into wellbeing consideration, sustainability impacts, and GHG

emissions. Thus motivated, multiple, disciplines, ranging from psychology to urban

planning, are invested in understanding the potential for transitioning to low-carbon

and sustainable urban transport systems. While each discipline has carved out a

growing body of knowledge, a consistent cross-disciplinary understanding of

psychological, sociological, and urban form determinants of urban mobility choices

6
is, perhaps surprisingly so, still lacking. Here, we systematically review the reviews of

several strand of literature and lay out the evidence for individual, social, and

infrastructure level factors pertinent to urban mode choice.

Maria Angela Scorrano, Romeo Danielis Research in Transportation

Economics 86, 101031, 2021. The paper investigates the choice of the transport mode

to access the city center of Trieste, Italy. We have collected revealed and stated choice

data and attitudinal data in order to investigate the mode of transport used before and

during the Covid 19 pandemic. We studied the main choice determinant jointly with

respondents, psychological attitudes using an integrated choice/latent variable

modeling framework. The model incorporates choice data, generalized cost variables,

random parameters, and latent variables.

Discrete choice models have been for decades the most used technique to

model travel mode choice, being the multinomial logit (MNL) the most popular

model among them. Several versions of the MNL Model have been proposed, such as

the mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) model which takes into accounts unobserved

taste heterogeneity. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) Methods have begun to

gain round in the transportation field, showing a high predictive power that surpasses

logit models. Nowadays, most studies comparing machine learning methods and logic

models mainly focus on predictive accuracy, while others- to a lesser extent- focus on

post-hoc explanation analysis. In this paper, we compare the predictive performance

of five machine learning classifiers and the MNL and MMNL models.

PZhou, Zuduo Zheng, Jake Whithead, Simon Washington, Robert K Perrons,

Lionel Page Transportation research part A: Policy and practice 132, 6333-60,2020

7
membership-based short-term car rental more popularly referred to in the marketplace

and popular media as car sharing – has been expanding rapidly worldwide. The

advent of self-driving vehicles is likely to facilitate the growth of car-sharing by

addressing a couple of the current barriers, including limited

Service Quality

(Diem – Trinh Le-Klahn, Jutta Roosen , Regine Gerike ,C Michael

Hall ,Tourism Geographies ,2015) Tourist movement patterns and transport mode

choice are important topics in tourism research . However, little is known about how

tourists at an urban destination make their decision on the areas that they visit and

transport modes used. This paper examines tourist choice of transport mode areas

visited in the Munich region through the use of a bivariate probit model. the finding

shows that tourist’s choice of transport mode and areas visited are closely related and

thus should be examined together. public transport at urban destination is more likely

to be used by well-educated first-time visitors, who are also price conscious.

Halizan Bin Haji Hamzah , MA Ayub ,Mohd Faizz Hilmi International Journal

of Business and Innovation ,20115 Efficient public transport reflects a modern society

and becoming a core development agenda of nations all over the world .in this regards

, tis paper aimed to find the influence of perceived value ,quality , and reputation of

public bus transport on customer satisfaction .understanding customer satisfaction

8
will lead to improved services .data were collected from customer of public bus

services in Penang , Malaysia using structured questionnaire . the results revealed that

value positively influences the satisfaction of customer using public bus services

Penang.

Sarbast Moslem , Ahmad Alkharabsheh karzan Ismael ,szabolcs dueleba

applied sciences ,2020 Big cities suffer from serious complex problem such as air

pollution, congestion and traffic accidents .developing public transport quality in such

cities is considered an efficient remedy to obviate these critical issues . this paper

aims to determine the significant supply quality criteria of public transportation. as a

methodology, a ybrid analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with the best worst

method (bwm) is applied the proposed model is basically a hierarchy structure with

At least a 5x5 pairwise comparison matrix or larger.

Trynos Gumbo, Thembani Moyo Sustainability ,2020 There have been growing

concerns with regards to the state public transportation system, particularly in cities of

developing countries. chief among these concerns has been the lack of well-

coordinated efficient, and reliable transportation systems. The city of Johannesburg,

just like any other fast-growing municipality in developing and emerging economies

has not been spared with regards to incessant public transport challenges.

Reza Sayyadi, Anjali Awasthi international Journal of modelling and

simulation, 2017 Transportation is a major sources of energy consumption and

emission generation. to limit the negative environment impacts arising from

transportation of goods and people several initiatives and policies are being put in

9
place by municipal administrators , local governments, and federal

governments .since transportation is a dynamic system in which the individual

Components on their interactions are changing overtime decision makers need

efficient approaches to investigate system behavior and devise sustainable

transportation policies for the benefit of city , its residents , and their environment

Amir Shabani, Alireza Shabani, Bahareh Ahmadinejad, Ali Salmasnia Case

studies on transport transport policy 10(3), 1520-1530,2022 The expeditiously

spreading of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected every facet of human

lives, including transportation. Due to some characteristics of COVID 19, like high

infectivity, people prepare to use their private cars more than before. On the one hand,

this circumstance caused public transportation to face an unprecedented decrease in

demand and, consequently, revenue. On the other hand, It could intensify traffic

congestion during rush hours. This study provides a computational framework to

assess public transportations.

The paper investigates how the interplay between six organizational elements of

public transport systems (conditions) integration of planning responsibilities within an

authority at the regional/metropolitan level; land use and transport integration; long

term metropolitan public transport planning; agency over funding; fare integration,

and allocation of risks between government and operators- influence two key

performance indicators(outcome)- modal split and cost recovery. The study focuses on

selected metropolitan areas in Europe, Australia, and Canada, and employes

Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). QCA can handle multiple explanatory

conditions in combinations, framing the relationship between conditions and studied

10
outcomes in terms of necessity and sufficiency.

Foreign Literature

Customer Satisfaction

(John Black Routledge, 2018). Urban Transport planning explains how the

systems approach has been applied in the planning of multi-modal transport planning

and to demonstrate how a city may be represented by land use zones superimposed

with a transport network. It discusses theoretical developments and demonstrates their

application to practical problems of planning by using actual case studies. By treating

the urban area as a system, and recognizing the fundamental interactions between land

use, traffic and transport, the study shows how it is possible to predict the future

demands for travel, how transport requirements are determined and how alternative

plans are formulated and evaluated.

According Regina Ruby Lee Clewlow , Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

2012. Growing concerns about the energy use and climate impacts of the

transportation sector have prompted policymakers to consider a variety of options to

meet the future mobility needs of the world's population, while simultaneously

addressing the impact of these systems on our environment.

Robert B Noland, Howard Kunreuther, Transport Policy 2 (1), 67-79,

1995.Long-run and short-run policies to increase the share of bicycle transportation

for commuting to and from work are discussed. Analyses of data collected in the

Philadelphia metropolitan area show that two general approaches can be taken to

11
promote bicycle transportation. One is a set of policies geared to making bicycling

safer and more convenient, essentially short-run ‘pro-bike’ policies. The other set is

aimed at reducing the convenience of automobile commuting. This is an ‘anti-auto’

policy which can only be implemented in the long run.

Samuel Nello-Deakin, Marco te Brömmelstroet,Transportation 48 (6), 3239-

3267, 2021 .The combined use of the bicycle and the train in the Netherlands has

risen steadily over the past decade. However, little is yet known about the underlying

processes driving the growth of bike–train use in the Netherlands. Are new bike–train

trips replacing car trips, or are they primarily an extension of existing train travel and

cycling practices? The present study investigates this question by exploring the main

trajectories of bike–train uptake in the Randstad area. Following a mobility

biographies approach, our study seeks to identify the triggers or “key events” which

lead to the uptake of bike–train use, and explores their relationship with existing

travel behavior.

Wang Xiang, Li Chen, Bin Wang, Qingwan Xue, Wei Hao, Xuemei

Liu,Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 14 (11), 1955-1975, 2022 .To secure

the city against the transmission of COVID-19, metro ridership control is an

important task of the metro corporation on the premise of meeting the basic travel

demand as far as possible. First off, this paper describes the influence mechanism of

COVID-19 on metro ridership in Changsha, including an analysis into the correlation

among policies, population, and metro ridership. Secondly, this paper verifies the

influence of governmental macro-policy on population mobility and metro train

working diagram, and thereby on metro ridership, based on the actual data during Jan

12
12th to May 6th, 2020 and year-ago data (2019

Hans brende lind, trond nordfjaenr , stig halvard Jorgensen , torbjorn rundmo

journal of environmental psyschology ,2015 To examine determinants of

environmentally significant transport behaviour could contribute to the development

efforts aimed to influence peoples travel mode choice in sustainable manner . travel

mode choices are especially interesting in urban areas where sustainable public

transportation available. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the value

belief -norm theory can explain reported population

Leonardo Salvatore, distefano natalia ,pulvirenti giulia European transport

2019 Risk perception , ie the ability to read the road in the relation to potentially

dangerous situations in traffic environment is strongly related to accident

involvement. Human driving behavior strongly conditioned by the road environment

in its entirety as driving involves complex interactions between, he drivers and the

environment. This study investigated the risk perception of roundabouts for young

people in order to identify the major factors which influence such perception.

Service Quality

Matthias althanmmer Rapid research 2021 Angular momentum transport is

one of the cornerstones of spintronics . spin angular momentum is not only

transported by mobile charge carriers but also by the quantized excitations of the

magnetic lattice in magnetically ordered insulators (MOIs) provide a platform for

magnon spin transport experiments without additional contributions from spin

currents carried by mobile electrons.

13
 Nitin ralph pochont Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 2023 For the

last few decades, four wheeled passenger vehicles have become a prime mode of

transportation, with exponential growth due to rapid urbanization. the demand for a

reduced carbon footprint and limitations with energy sustenance have brought out

alternative energy sources that aspires to sustainable transportation

Theoretical Framework

Customer’s satisfaction is based on the customer’s service rendered by the

customer’s service provider, on how well the service provider served the customers. It

is a person’s feeling of pleasure/disappointment resulting from comparing how

products services supplied by a person or company meet or surpass its expectations.

Satisfaction is a task of receiving performance and expectations of the customers. If,

ever this expectation failed, we attempt to correct the problem that promotes

expectation. Failing the customer’s satisfaction or expectations, explanation lies at the

root of how you know which problem needs to be repaired. Many customers who are

just satisfied find it easy to look for another better offer when it comes along. A highly

satisfied customers are much less ready to accept another offer. They are likely to stay

with their patronized brand for many more years and buy more than a satisfied

customer.

Huang, Lee, and Chen, 2019 High quality of service has become a strong

competitive advantage in the present-day customer-centric market, especially for

companies, the business of which involves solely the provision of services. Services

are activities that organizations perform for their customers, and they possess such

characteristics as intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity, and perishability. It

14
means that services are nonmaterial and unique; they cannot be stored for future sales,

and their provision cannot be separated from their consumption. The quality of

service is inseparably connected with customers’ experiences received from the

service.

Basari and Shamsudin (2020), satisfied customers are likely to repeat their

purchases and inform others about their positive experiences, thus improving the com-

pany’s financial standing. Discontented clients, on the contrary, will not repeat their

buying experience even if the company spends much money on marketing. Studies

show that offering products and services to existing clients results in a 60-70% suc-

cess rate while approaching new customers leads to only a 5-20% success rate. There-

fore, companies should place customer satisfaction on the agenda to increase their

competitiveness and improve the financial situation.

There are multiple ways in which organizations can achieve customer satisfaction.

First of all, products and services should meet customer expectations. Secondly, com-

panies should choose ethical ways of running their business, which means that they

should not promise more than they can deliver, change the terms and conditions or

charge inexplicable fees. Thirdly, since customers appreciate positive experiences,

companies should ensure that their employees communicate with clients properly. Re-

cently, organizations have shifted toward human-to-human relationships with cus-

tomers, regarding clients not as entities for gaining profits but as humans. Such an ap-

proach places customers in the center of the business and increases customer satisfac-

tion.

Conceptual Framework

15
 The study is entitled “understanding the factors of influencing public transport

mode choice of tourist going in El Nido Palawan.

Conceptual Paradigm

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Understanding the factors of

Demographic profile of the influencing public transport mode
respondents which is name, age, choice of tourist going in El Nido
sex, address, occupation, monthly Palawan.
income

Fig.1. The conceptual paradigm showing the relationship between the different
variable.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter focuses on discussing research design, the population of the

study, location, sampling procedure, research instrument, procedures for data
collection and data analysis.

16
The Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted in Brgy Irawan Terminal at Puerto Princesa City
Palawan.

Figure 2.

The Research Design

This study used descriptive research design in presenting the collected data.

This research design was used to determine the perceived effects of

The Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be 100 commuters in Irawan terminal

The Sampling Procedure

The random sampling procedure was used to determine the respondents of the study.

The respondents participated in the face to face using survey questionnaire.

The Research Instrumentation

this research used survey questionnaire to collect the data. It is composed of the

following parts:

Part I. of the questionnaire solicited information on their demographic profile

Part II. of the questionnaire gathered information about the environmental and

social/emotional factors affecting the public transportation

17
 Part III. of the questionnaire is identifying the strategies used by the public

transportation to gain more passengers.

The Data Collection Procedure

In order to collect necessary data for this study, researchers will perform the

following procedures; a) asked permission from the Dean of the College of Business

and Management prior to the conduct of the study. b) Selected commuters’ respondent

from Irawan terminal of Puerto Princesa Palawan. c) Provided the respondents with

a copy of the survey questionnaire in order to gather data and information by asking

questions referring to the topic. d) After the respondents answered, the questionnaire

was retrieved.

The Data Analysis

The data collected in the survey will be analyzed and discussed using
statistical tools like simple frequency counts, percentages, and mean.
To measure the service quality to the customers, a scale will be shown below:

LIKERT SCALE

Numerical Value Range Descriptive

18
Rating

5 4.21-5.00 Strongly agree

4 3.41-4.20 Agree

3 2.61-3.40 Neutral

2 1.81-2.60 Disagree

1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree

Adapted from: Sozen, E and Guven, U. (2019)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

19
E-JOURNAL

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, M.O.T.A.C .2015a.2014 National Travel survey .

In ; STATSTICS, D.O (ed). Taipei, Taiwan: Ministry of Transportation and
communication.

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, M.O.T.A.C 2015b. statistics of registered motor

vehicles ( ONLINE) department of statistics. Available:
http://stat.motc.gov.tw/mocdb/stmain.jsp?sys=100&funid-a33301

MNISTRY OF JUSTICE ,R.O.C 2016 . laws and regulations database of the republic
of china -highway act (online )Taiwan : ministry of justice available
http://law.moj.gov.tw/eng/lawclass/lawcontent.aspx?
PCODE=K0040001{Accessed29/03 2016]

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION , R.O.C

2012c.2013-

2016 National road public transport plan (NRPTP). Taipei , Taiwan: ministry of
transportation and communications.

INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION,T.2016. organization and function of institute

of transportation (online). Taiwan: institute of transportation available:
http://www.iot.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=10603&ctnode=87&mp=2[Accessed29/032016]

Marriott,H.R; Williams ,MD exploring consumers perceived risk and trust for mobile
shopping a theoretical framework and empirical study .j.reatail.consum.serve
2018,42,133-146.(crossRef)

EXECUTIVE YUAN , R.O.C. 2012a, 2013-2016 National road public transport plan
(NRPTP)(Online).Available:http://www.ey.gov.tw//news content4.aspx?
n=3DO6E532BOD8316C&sms=4ACFA38B877FI185F&s=4BE9EE42EBF7F960.
[Accessed 24/05 2015]

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HIGHWAYS, T. 2016a. The major responsibility for

directorate general of highways [online]. Taiwan:directorate general of
highways.available ; http://www.thb.gov.tw./sites/en/ [accessed 29/03 2016]

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HIGHWAYS,T.2016b .national road public transport

conference 2016 [Online]. Available:
http://www.thb.gov.tw/sites/ch/modules/news/news-details?node=eeb33aa6-58al-
4d5d-b6aa-28dd4d5270bo&id=d4a42ad5-977f-4b37-ba59-
ale7a05fc351[accessed31/032016]

20
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HIGHWAYS,T.2015.2015 Rules of provision of
incentives for raising bus patronage In HIGHDAYS,D.G.O

21
 APPENDICES

Appendix A. The Survey Questionnaire

QUESTIONNAIRE

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

Name(optional): ________________________________

Age: _____________

Sex: ______________

Address: _______________________________

Part 1: Attitudes towards the use of public transport

ENVIROMENTAL AWARENESS Strongl Disagree Neutral Strongly

y agree agree
disagree

1. Technological advances will solve many

environmental problems

2. There is an urgent need for something to be

done about the environmental pollution caused
by car and motorbike use

3.Theso-called environmental crisis 'facing

humanity has been greatly exaggerated

B. ATTITUDES TOWARDS PUBLIC

TRANSPORT USE

1.In the past year, using public transport is a

satisfying experience

2. For me using public transport for everyday

routes is convenient

3. For me using public transport for everyday

routes is reliable

4. For me using public transport for everyday

routes is time efficient.

22
 5. For me, using public transport for
everyday routes is cheap.
6. For me using public transport is the safest
travel choice

Subjective norm over public transport use

1. Most people who are important to me

would support my using public transport
instead of car and motorbike for daily travel
from my current place of residence.

2. Most people who are important to me think

that I should use public transport instead of
car and motorbike for daily travel from my
current place of residence.

3. Most of my friends and relatives use public

transport regularly.

Personal norm and perceived behavior

control over public transport uses

1.Regardless of what other people do, because of

my own values/principles I feel an obligation to
use public transport instead of the car and
motorbike for everyday trips.

2.For me, using public transport can take me to all

the places I want to.

PART 2: Perceived walking environment

Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

disagree agree

1. It is easy to walk to a public transport

stop (bus, metro or train) from my home.

2. There are motorbike parking on the

streets and sidewalks blocking the way.

23
3.

5.

24