Crop

Rice production outpaces that of all other crops. Cotton, kabrangchak, oilseeds, and sugarcane are
some of the commercial crops grown in Manipur and are crucial for fostering the expansion of the
state's agricultural-based industries.

Numerous vegetables are cultivated, including cabbage, cauliflower, various types of peas, gourds,
pumpkins, etc. The most significant and significant cash crop grown on plantations is the pineapple,
which is grown on the slopes of small hills and hillocks. The Waithou hill range and Sharam hill are
where it is primarily grown.

Common horticulture crops grown in the State are Kharif vegetables (French bean, Cucurbits,
Tomatoes, Brinjal, Bhindi, Colocecia, Alocacia), Rabi vegetables (Cabbage, Cauliflower, Potato, Pea,
Broad bean, Radish, Carrot, Broccoli, lettuce, Capsicum), Spices (Onion, Garlic, Chilli, Ginger,
Turmeric, Hatkora)

Vegetation

Manipur is known for its richness in bio-diversity including endemic flora and fauna, varied
topographic and climatic features, cultural heritage etc. The abundance in the diversity of the forests
and its resources are attributed to the ideal location of the state in the junction of two world’s
hotspots of biodiversity, the Indo-Myanmar hotspot and the Himalayan hotspot of biological
diversity. Out of 34 hotspots across the globe, India has four and out of the four, Manipur has two –
Himalayan and the Indo-Burma hotspot. Its biodiversity includes about 4,000 angiosperms, 1200
medicinal plants, 34 species of edible fungi, about 500 orchids, 55 species of bamboo, 695 birds, 160
fish species, 21 migratory aquatic birds and multitude of butterflies, insects etc.

The forests of the State have 6 major Forest Types and 10 Subtypes. The major forest types include
Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest, Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests, Sub-Tropical Pine Forest, Tropical
Dry Deciduous Forest, Montane Wet Temperate Forest and Sub-alpine Forest.

The natural vegetation occupies an area of about 14,365 km2. which is nearly 64% of the total
geographical area of the State. The vegetation consists of a large variety of plants ranging from short
and tall grasses, reeds and bamboos to trees of various species. Broadly, there are four types of
forests below:

1. TROPICAL SEMI-EVER GREEN.

2. DRY TEMPERATE FOREST.
3. SUB-TROPICAL PINE.
4. TROPICAL MOIST DECIDUOUS

Teak, Pine, Oak, Uningthou, Leihao, Bamboo, Cane, etc. are important forest resources growing in
plenty. In addition, rubber, tea, coffee, orange, cardamom, etc. are also, grown in hill areas. Food
and cash crops occupy the main vegetation cover in the valley.

Mostly tropical and sub alpine climate prevails in the state. A number of endangered
and rare species of plants are also found in these forests. The place houses 500
varieties of orchids out of which only 472 varieties have been identified. Some of the
most exotic and beautiful orchids as well as other blooms of the world also form the
part of the flora of Manipur which are known worldwide for their enchanting
fragrances and vibrant hues. Other plants of the state include succulent plants,
epiphytes, phanerophytes and many more. Several endemic species of flora are
especially cultivated in Manipur to preserve their variety.

Chamthong (vegetable stew), Chak-hao kheer (black rice pudding), Ngari (fermented fish), and
Iromba (combination of boiled vegetables, fish and mashed chilies) are a few of the well-known
Manipuri dishes.