- live in almost any
LESSON 6 environment
Animal Kingdom - made up of
group called Phyla(PHYLUM)
Viruses - not included in
five-kingdom of classification
system
- discovered by a Russian
scientist Ivanovski in 1892
- tobacco mosaic disease in
healthy tobacco plants
- no metabolic machinery of
their own-they lack enzyme
systems
- they cannot reproduce
themselves in the same sense
as true living organisms
- Bacteriophage = appropriate
the metabolic machinery of
bacterial cells in order to
reproduce
Kingdom Monera
- the organisms that falls in
this kingdom do not contain
true nucleus
A. Phylum Schizophyta
(BACTERIAL)
- useful in the nitrogen cycle
and even in the sewerage
system
- help in the digestion of food
- aerobic bacteria need oxygen
- anaerobic bacteria dies if
oxygen is present
- some needs in/organic
matters
- THREE BASIC SHAPES
= 1) the spherical coccus
(cocci)
= 2) the rod-shaped bacillus
(bacilli)
= 3) the spirally twisted
spirillum (spirilla)
- Diplococcus = where
spherical cells appear in pairs
or short filaments
- Streptococcus = where the
colony is a chain of cocci
- Staphylococcus = where the
cocci are in clusters
- Diplobacillus =where
rod-shaped cells are seen in
pairs
- Streptobacillus = where many
rod-shaped cells form a
filament
- Human body resists attacks
by pathogenic
microorganisms
 B. Phylum Cyanophyta
(BLUE-GREEN ALGAE)
- commonly called “seaweed”
or “water moss”
- most primitive kind of algae
- closely related to bacteria
because they look similar
- Chlorophyll A = the green
pigments
- Carotenes and Xanthophylls
= the yellow pigments
- Phycocyanin = the blue
pigments
- Phycoerythrin = the red
pigments
- Producers and Autotrophs
- they make simple sugars by
photosynthesis
Kingdom Protista
- they make simple sugars by
photosynthesis
- live in freshwater, salt water
or in moist places
- have nuclei
- have internal membranes or
membrane bound organelles
A. Animal Protists
1. Phylum Sarcodina
(RHIZOPODS)
- have 8,000 species
- Pseudopodia = used for
movement and food capture
2. Phylum Ciliophora
(CILIATES)
- have 5,000 species
- provided with hair like
processes called cilia which
are used for locomotion
- Pelliole = retain a more or
less permanent shape because
of hard covering
- Ciliates = have 2 different
types of nuclei
= Large macronucleus - that
controls the normal
metabolism of the cell
= Small micronuclei - that
are concerned with
reproduction and giving rise
to the macronucleus
- Paramecium = well-known
slipper-shaped ciliate found
in freshwater
3. Phylum Sporozoa
(SPOROZOANS)
- have 2,000 species
- parasitic with a very
complicated life cycle
- not capable of locomotion
- feed on protoplasm and body
fluids of their hosts
 - Plasmodium = malarial
parasites
= found in the bloodstream
of a person suffering from
malaria in the form of gametocytes
or sex cells
= sex cells unite to form
zygotes that undergo multiple
divisions in the nucleus
= mosquito inject sporozoite
in the blood of the victim, a
sporozoite enters the red blood cell
where it grows and multiplies
asexually forming 10 to 24
merozoites, merozoites then enter
the other red blood cells and repeat
the process
4. Phylum Zoomastigina
(ANIMAL
FLAGELLATES)
- have 1,200 species
- colorless and without
chlorophyll
- found in freshwater, salt
water, and the soil
- some are symbiotic, parasitic
or mutualistic
B. Algal Protist
1. Phylum Euglenophyta
(EUGLENOIDS
FLAGELLATES)
- have 500 species
- possesses on several flagella
- combination of plant-like and
animal-like characteristics
- plantlike in that many species
have chlorophyll and are
photosynthetic
- animal-like in lacking a cell
wall and being highly motile
and like animals, the species
that lack chlorophyll are
heterotrophic
2. Phylum Pyrrophyta
(DINOFLAGELLATES)
- includes flagellates with two
flagella
- have a true cellulose cell wall
that looks like armor of
overlapping plates
- give flashes of light thus they
called Pyrrophyta or fire
plants
3. Phylum Chrysophyta
(Golden Algae,
Yellow-green Algae and
Diatoms)
- phylum contains chlorophyll
A but they lack chlorophyll B
- contain carotenoids and
xanthophylls