Doulite QS Service Manual

Nd:YAG Q-Switched Laser
DUOLITE QS
Service Manual
SM090A1_G.V04
DEKA M.E.L.A Srl

Via Baldanzese 17
50041 Calenzano
FIRENZE - ITALIA
Tel.: ++39 055 8874942
Fax.: ++39 055 8832884
www.dekalaser.com
Duolite QS
Nd:YAG Q-Switched Laser System
Service Manual
Congratulations and thank you for your preference in our products!
To obtain best results and to avoid risks of dangerous faults, please be sure to have read carefully this
service manual in all of its parts before starting any operation.
In the case of issues or troubles with this device, please contact DEKA Qualified Service Personnel at
telephone number here below reported.
Please keep on hand the Serial Number of your machine.
DEKA M.E.L.A Srl

Via Baldanzese 17
50041 Calenzano
FIRENZE - ITALIA
Tel.: ++39 055 8874942
Fax.: ++39 055 8832884
www.dekalaser.com
DUOLITE QS
Nd:YAG Q-Switched laser
Service Manual
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INDEX
1 INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1 TOOLS FOR SERVICE ..................................................................................................................................... 7

1.2 RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CUSTOMER ......................................................................................................... 10
1.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION.............................................................................. 10
1.4 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY.................................................................................................................. 10
1.5 SPACE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 10
1.6 INSPECTION AND UNPACKING ..................................................................................................................... 10
1.7 INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................................. 11
1.7.1 UNPACKING ............................................................................................................................................... 11
1.7.2 CONNECT THE REMOTE-DOOR INTERLOCK ................................................................................................ 11
1.7.3 CONNECT THE LASER SYSTEM TO THE POWER SUPPLY.............................................................................. 11
1.7.4 FILL THE COOLING SYSTEM WITH DISTILLED WATER ................................................................................ 12
1.7.5 ARTICULATED ARM INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................... 13
1.7.6 CHECK THE LASER SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 13
1.7.7 TRAIN THE USER ........................................................................................................................................ 14
2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 15
2.1 THE LASER SOURCE. ................................................................................................................................... 16

2.1.1 Q-SWITCHING ............................................................................................................................................ 16
2.1.2 TIMING ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.1.3 2ND HARMONIC GENERATION SYSTEM ........................................................................................................ 17
2.2 POWER ELECTRONICS SECTION ................................................................................................................. 18
2.3 CONTROL ELECTRONICS SECTION ............................................................................................................. 19
2.4 COOLING CIRCUIT ....................................................................................................................................... 20
2.5 ARTICULATED ARM .................................................................................................................................... 21
2.6 HANDPIECE .................................................................................................................................................. 21
3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 22
3.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 22

3.2 LASER SPECIFICATIONS ..............................................................................................................................23
4 SERVICE OPERATION PROCEDURES .................................................................................................. 24
4.1 CONTROL PANEL. ........................................................................................................................................ 24

4.2 TURN ON PROCEDURE AND ENTER THE SERVICE MENU ........................................................................... 24
4.3 WORKING PARAMETERS SETTING ............................................................................................................. 28
4.4 LASER PARAMETERS SETTINGS (SERVICE MENU) ..................................................................................... 28
4.4.1 CLOSE MENU .............................................................................................................................................. 29
4.4.2 RESET ........................................................................................................................................................ 29
4.4.3 DIAGNOSTICS ............................................................................................................................................. 29
4.4.4 SERVICE SETTINGS ..................................................................................................................................... 31
4.4.5 USER SETS VOLTAGE ................................................................................................................................. 31
4.4.6 SPOT SIZES ................................................................................................................................................. 32
4.5 LASER EMISSION.......................................................................................................................................... 32
4.6 TURN OFF PROCEDURE ..............................................................................................................................33
4.7 ALARMS DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................ 33
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5 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................. 34
5.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ..............................................................................................................................34

5.2 POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................................ 34
5.3 POWER ELECTRONICS ................................................................................................................................. 35
5.4 CONTROL ELECTRONICS ............................................................................................................................ 36
5.5 CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 38
5.6 CONTROL PANEL WITH DISPLAY ................................................................................................................ 39
5.7 COMPACT CHARGER BOX ........................................................................................................................... 40
5.8 CAPACITOR BANK SET................................................................................................................................. 41
5.9 COOLING SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................................... 41
5.10 LASER HEAD .............................................................................................................................................. 41
5.10.1 LASER MODULE ....................................................................................................................................... 41
5.10.2 Q-SWITCHING SET ................................................................................................................................... 42
5.10.3 SHG CONTROL ........................................................................................................................................ 44
5.10.4 SIMMER TRIGGER CIRCUIT ....................................................................................................................... 45
5.10.5 ENERGY METER SET ................................................................................................................................. 45
5.11 EXTERNAL HOUSING ................................................................................................................................. 45
5.12 BEAM DELIVERY AND HANDPIECE ........................................................................................................... 46
5.12.1 ARTICULATED ARM ................................................................................................................................. 46
5.12.2 HANDPIECE .............................................................................................................................................. 46
6 MAINTENANCE AND PERIODIC CHECKS .......................................................................................... 48
6.1 REMOVE PANELS ......................................................................................................................................... 48

6.2 COMPACT CHARGER REPLACE ................................................................................................................... 50
6.3 ARTICULATED ARM ..................................................................................................................................... 51
6.4 HANDPIECE REPLACING..............................................................................................................................51
6.5 PERIODICAL CLEANING OF THE HANDPIECE ............................................................................................ 51
6.6 CLEANING OF THE EXTERNAL COVERING PANELS ................................................................................... 51
6.7 LINE CABLE CHECKING............................................................................................................................... 51
6.8 COOLING SYSTEM – SERVICE ..................................................................................................................... 51
6.9 COOLING SYSTEM – PARTS REPLACEMENT............................................................................................... 54
6.9.1 PUMP .......................................................................................................................................................... 54
6.9.2 FLOW SWITCH ............................................................................................................................................ 55
6.9.3 THERMAL SWITCH ..................................................................................................................................... 55
6.9.4 HEAT EXCHANGER ..................................................................................................................................... 56
6.9.5 AIR PUMP ................................................................................................................................................... 56
6.9.6 AIR PUMP RELAY ....................................................................................................................................... 56
6.10 DISPLAY – REPLACE .................................................................................................................................. 57
6.11 KEY SWITCH AND EMERGENCY KNOB - REPLACE .................................................................................. 57
6.12 FUSES – CHECK AND REPLACE.................................................................................................................. 58
6.13 MIRRORS – CLEAN AND REPLACE ............................................................................................................ 58
6.14 LASER FLASHLAMP - REPLACE ................................................................................................................ 59
7 SERVICE PROCEDURES: ADJUSTMENT, ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION ........................... 60
7.1 CAVITY LAYOUT .......................................................................................................................................... 60

7.2 POCKELS CELL ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE.................................................................................................. 61
7.3 2ND HARMONIC CRYSTAL ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE .................................................................................. 62
7.4 ARTICULATED ARM ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE .......................................................................................... 62
8 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.............................................................. 64
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9 TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................................................................................ 65
10 CONTENT OF THE PACKAGING .......................................................................................................... 66
11 PICTURES ................................................................................................................................................... 67
12 ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS ..................................................................................................................... 69
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1 INSTALLATION
PLEASE NOTE
The following installation procedure is mandatory for the distributor performing the first
installation at customer’s site.
Only technical staff or trained personnel is allowed to perform installation of the medical laser
system described in this manual.
The manufacturer warranty for the system will be approved only after installation!
CAUTION
Do not operate the laser system before the authorized trained personnel have performed the
installation procedure. The warranty is not comprehensive of any damage to the laser device
before the installation.
The installation procedure is intended to be performed each time the system is installed for the
first time or after being transported by means of cars, elevators, trucks, air cargo etc.
During installation the system must be checked for proper operation and to correct eventual
misalignments after transportation of the laser system from the manufacturer site.
Despite all the measures and care during manufacturing and comprehensive testing and controlling of
the laser system at the manufacturer’s site, the system may suffer misalignment after transportation
and should be checked for proper operation.
The installation procedure includes also a short training course for the user.
Great care should be taken on the proper attachment and maintenance of the articulated arm, and
handpiece.
1.1 Tools for service

1. Set of standard service tools (screwdrivers, etc)
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2. An IR laser beam visualizator ( = 1064nm)
3. DEKA Laser High Power Meter.

(Alternatively: Ophir Thermal Head, Model: 30(150A-HE )
4. He:Ne Laser for cavity alignment:
5. Alignment arm tool:
6. HV probe Tektronics P6015:
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7. Fast photodiode (1 ns rise time):
8. Fast oscilloscope (3ns rise time (Ex: Tek TDS1001))
9. 45° beam folder (to be positioned on the articulated arm holder)
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1.2 Responsibility of the customer
Before first installation the site has to be prepared.
The working area has to be big enough to contain the laser system, with a line power socket as
required (see the general laser specifications).
1.3 Requirements for the electrical connection

The device has to be connected with a power socket according to the electrical safety standard.
The length of the connection wire is 3 meters.
Following the European safety standard the device is supplied with a power cable with a schuko
socket according to the CEI 23-50.
1.4 Temperature and Humidity

Make sure that the location hosting the machine is dry, with adequate ventilation and low-dust.
Air conditioning is preferable but not essential. The DUOLITE QS Laser System has to operate in
ambient conditions specified in the following table:
Temperature Max. Humidity

20 °C 64 %
22 °C 57 %
24 °C 50 %
26 °C 45 %
28 °C 40 %
30 °C 35 %
The DUOLITE QS Laser device at maximum power generates a heat corresponding to 2000 W.
1.5 Space requirements

Sufficient floor space is also required for the laser system. The suggested minimum room size is
3 X 3 meters. Allow 50 cm of Clearance on both sides of the machine so that the air vents will not be
obscured.
The DUOLITE QS laser system is easily moved from room to room. Make sure that adequate space
and appropriate electrical socket are available in any room.
1.6 Inspection and unpacking

It is extremely important that the packed materials be checked immediately upon their arrival, if
it is possible in the presence of the shipper’s delivery employee, as follows:
 Administrative check:
Number of cases
Weights and dimensions
 Technical check:
Condition of the packing
Above inspection must be conduced with a maximum degree of care and resoluteness because
possible damage to the packing due to blows or falls could not be immediately visible.
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1.7 Installation
The installation of the laser system is completed by the Manufacturer’s technical staff or by
specialized personnel.
The first installation needs typically one day, during this time the accessibility to the installation site
has to be restricted.
The installation steps are:
 Open the package and place the laser system in the treatment site;
 Fill up the internal cooling circuit;
 Connect the laser system to the power electricity grid;
 Connect the remote door Interlock;
 Check the laser system, calibration and standard operation;
 Train the user on:
a. system description
b. system operation
c. periodical maintenance procedures
1.7.1 Unpacking
Unpack, check the content of the package and inspect for visual damage due to transportation.
Unpack the package and identify the content of the package – use the packaging list. Inspect all items
and eventual damages. If any damage is undoubtedly due to careless transportation, immediately
inform your freight carrier.
1.7.2 Connect the remote-door interlock
Find the door interlock packed together with the laser accessories. The interlock is prepared to
allow operation without remote-door security control. Please be sure that the laser area is properly
signaled to avoid unauthorized people entering the room.
1.7.3 Connect the laser system to the power supply.
Be sure that mains voltage is 230V and that main switch on the rear of the machine is switched
off. Then connect the power cord to the machine and plug it to the mains. Switch on the main switch;
turn the key on the front panel. If the machine does not start, the emergency push button could be in its
“safe” position. Try pushing the knob. The machine should now start.
Line power Led
Key switch and

Emergency Push
Button on the
front panel
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1.7.4 Fill the cooling system with distilled water
 Open the water tank (1)

 Use only distilled water.
 Fill completely the water tank
 Switch on the device: the pump begins pumping the water in the hydraulic circuit and
check if the water level decreases
 Close the water tank (1)
Water to air Heat

Exchanger with
Fans
Water filter
Flow switch
Capacitors Water Pump
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1.7.5 Articulated arm installation
The articulated arm has seven mirrors mounted. The arm is delivered fully assembled and
packed separately from the main case. To install it on the machine identify the relevant screw holes
on the top of the machine and mount the articulated arm using the screws provided.
Screw holes for articulated

arm (M6)
Screw holes for alignment

arm (M4)
1.7.6 Check the laser system
1.7.6.1 Enter the End-user mode

Follow the End-User manual instructions
1.7.6.2 Preliminary check

Check the laser output energy at both wavelengths by using the power meter mentioned above.
This operation must be done before installing the handpiece.
1.7.6.3 Check the laser system behavior at selected working condition.

Perform the measurements of the laser energy first at minimum energy (typically 170 bit) and
then at the energy corresponding to the parameters reported in the Optical Test Sheet (typically
250bit) provided with the system. To perform this test, follow those steps:
1) Enter the End-user mode.

2) Press the up or down button on the spot size window to change the relevant value until select
‘TIP mode’ (it is visualized as - -). In this way the energy is displayed (joule).
3) Select pulse repetition rate (typically 10Hz).
4) Operate the laser in READY mode without pressing the footswitch. To do this, press the Status
windows on the screen.
Touch here
The program changes

the status after a short
wait time, now the
system is in ready mode
5) If the laser energy displayed on the screen is approximately the same reported in the final test
sheet without pressing the footswitch check the shape of the laser spot at low energy.
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6) If the spot is circular, then measure energy with the energy meter. If the beam is stopped, refer
to the articulated arm alignment procedure in this manual.
7) The conversion energy factor is 80 mV/W. The energy per pulse is obtained by dividing the
reading by the pulse repetition rate.
8) If the measured energy matches the energy value shown on the display, then the machine is
ready to be operated. If one of the conditions required (rounded spot or energy measurement)
does not match, then you probably need to realign the system before operating the laser
(please refer to the alignment procedure described in this Service Manual to solve misalignment
issues).
9) After having realigned, check again energies at both wavelengths and at selected voltage
number of bits compare them with those of the optical test sheet. If the measured energy at 532
nm is too low refer to the 2nd harmonic crystal alignment of this manual. If the measured energy
at 1064 nm is too low, refer to the cavity alignment procedure reported in this manual.
10) Check the beam shape and diameter after mounting the provided handpieces with metallic
targets.
CAUTION
The energy density (Fluence) on handpiece optics can reach many tens of J/cm2. So if the lens
is not perfectly clean this may cause an irreparable damage to this component.
1.7.7 Train the user
Describe the system basics to the user until he feels confident with the machine.
Describe the system operation for different conditions of use and in particular for the treatment that the
user is going to perform.
Warn the user about the risks due to an improper use of the medical device.
Inform the user that periodical maintenance is needed to keep the system operating in safe conditions.
Instruct the user on how to handle the articulated arm delivery system, to replace and maintain the
handpiece.
The following steps and procedures have to be shown to the user:
 Proper articulated arm installation;
 Proper Handpiece mounting;
 Handpiece lens cleaning: Remove the lens from the handpiece and clean it with optical paper
soaked with alcohol or acetone for optics (non-cosmetic). Cleaning has to be performed every
time the lens appears dirt. This will prolong the lens’ lifetime of the window.
 System operation
1. Turn the system on.
2. Enter in the User-Menu - see paragraph 4.2 -.
3. Play with the end-user menu until the user becomes confident with it:
a. Try to switch between READY and STANDBY mode.
b. Select the parameters (pulse rate, spot size, power).
4. Fire the laser by operating the footswitch.
CAUTION
Do not fire trial shots on paper!
Paper may contain resins, solvents and other substances which can flame up, evaporate and
leave dirty particles on the handpiece, causing damage to the window.
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2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The complete laser system is comprehensive of:
 Bearing structure
 Power electronics
 Control electronics
 Laser source(s)
 Cooling system
 Beam delivery system:
 Articulated arm
 Handpiece with three tips .
 Covered footswitch
 Connection cable for the remote interlock
The bearing structure is divided into two main sections: the laser source section, that is installed on
a metal bench in the upper part, the power, control electronics and cooling system section, which are
positioned under the laser source.
The complete structure is covered with two lateral metal panels and the upper cover that work also as
electrical shields. All the external panels are screwed to the bearing structure.
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2.1 The Laser source.
The laser source consists of an oscillator operating in Q-switch mode, a flip mirror, a 2nd harmonic
generation crystal, an energy sensor and a launching system into the articulated beam. The oscillator
is based on an unstable resonator provided with a Gaussian output coupler. The active material is a
Nd:YAG rod.
The Q-switch system consists of a polarizer, a KD*P crystal Pockels cell and a λ/4 plate. The Pockels
cell is driven by a fast electronic switch operating at 4500V. A procedure of Pockels cell alignment is
given in this manual.
Depending on the selected wavelength the beam passes through a crystal to obtain generation at 532
nm. This crystal is KTP type II and it is temperature controlled at about 40°C. To optimize the
harmonic generation the beam is circularly polarized with a λ/2 plate at the output of the oscillator.
The crystal must be rotated to optimize the 532 nm rotation. This is done by a manual (service) holder
of the crystal.
A dichroic mirror separates the two wavelengths that are combined by highly reflective mirrors on the
same path for the launching in the articulated arm.
Two photodiodes monitor the energy at the two wavelengths separately. They are mounted on an
holder on which a BK7 plate at 45° is positioned. This position allows the photodiodes to monitor the
energy also when the shutter is closed.
The launching in the articulated arm consists of a 45° highly reflective mirror.
2.1.1 Q-Switching
Laser activity begins when the threshold condition is met, i.e. when the optical amplification for one
round trip in the laser resonator is greater than the cavity losses (output coupling, diffraction,
absorption, scattering). The laser continues emitting until either the stored energy is exhausted, or the
input from the pump source stops. Only a fraction of the storage capacity is effectively used in the
operating mode. If it was possible to block the laser action long enough to store a maximum energy,
then this energy could be released in a very short time period.
Q-Switching is the method to obtain this effect.
The resonator quality, which represents a measure of the losses in the resonator, is kept low until the
maximum energy is stored. A rapid increase of the resonator quality then takes the laser high above
threshold, and the stored energy can be released in a very short time.
The resonator quality can be controlled as a function of time in a number of ways. In particular, deep
modulation of the resonator quality is possible with components that influence the state of polarization
of light. By rotating 90° the polarization plane of linearly polarized light, the light can be guided out of
the laser through a polarizer. The modulation depth, apart from the homogeneity of the 90° rotation, is
only determined by the degree of extinction of the polarizer.
Typical electro-optic Q-switch are in the /4 mode.
In what is called an ‘on Q-switching’ a polarizer, a Pockels cell and a /4 plate are used. They are
placed as shown in figure. Light emitted by the laser rod (1) is linearly polarized by the polarizer (2). If
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no voltage is applied to the Pockels cell (3), the laser resonator is blocked: no laser action takes
place. A voltage pulse opens the resonator and permits the emission of laser light.
2.1.2 Timing
In this section a timing diagram of the laser source is shown.
2.1.3 2nd harmonic generation system
The beam passes through a SHG crystal. In DUOLITE QS laser the non linear crystal is a KTP
that has the following properties:
 phase matching type II;
 effective nonlinear coefficient 3.18 10-12 m/V;
 refractive index 1.74;
 damage threshold 0.5 GW/cm2;
 absorption 0.010 cm-1;
 phase matching angle 24.3°;
 walk-off angle 0.26°;
 angular tolerance parameter (FWHM) 25 mr –cm;
 thermal tolerance parameter (FWHM) 25 °C –cm;
 spectral tolerance parameter (FWHM) 0.56 nm –cm;
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2.2 Power electronics section
Compact charger
Air pump Air pump Heater

relay
Pockels HV Pockels
supply and cell driver
trigger opto
H.V.
module
The power electronics section is positioned in the left part of the systems and consists of a high-
voltage / high-power capacitor charger that stores the energy in a capacitor bank. The capacitor bank
is discharged on the flash-lamp pumping the laser source through a dedicated high power electrical
circuit. The laser source has one flash lamp.
WARNING
The power electronics have high-voltage terminals.
The power electronics must be accessed by authorized personnel only.
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2.3 Control electronics section
Routing board Aiming beam Terminal

Heater SHG
power supply Blocks
Display+ touch screen

and microcontroller
boards
The Control electronics set, controlled by a microprocessor, is placed in upper side of the machine,
under the display. It runs the power electronics and the cooling system, monitors the alarms and
manages the external user interface.
CAUTION
Access to control electronics is permitted to authorized personnel only.
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2.4 Cooling circuit
De-ionizing
cartridge
heat exchanger
water-air and fan
Water pump
Water reservoir
RotorFlow-switch Thermoswitch Water tank
The cooling of the lamp and the rod is performed by a closed water circuit consisting of:
 water tank
 hydraulic pump
 flow-switch controller
 heat exchanger water-air
 temperature sensor
CAUTION
Hydraulic circuit must be fed with distilled water only. Use of cooling liquids other than
distilled water can definitely damage both the optical and the hydraulic parts.
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2.5 Articulated Arm
The Articulated arm is connected to the laser sources throughout a special connector.
Cautions, any modification to the articulated arm can cause unexpected emission of laser
radiation.
The arm contains 7 mirrors that reflect the laser light from the laser source to the handpiece.
The articulated arm is kept in the right positions by a metallic support mounted on the external
covering of the laser system.
Any type of exaggerate mechanical stress can damage the arm causing laser radiation emission.
The arm is ended up with a handpiece that focuses the laser radiation onto the patient’s skin.
It is forbidden to use the laser system when the handpiece is removed from the end of the arm
Using an articulated arm or a connection which are not original parts from the Manufacturer can
impair the product’s safety level.
2.6 Handpiece
The hand piece consists of a metal tube containing a focusing lens and a special homogenizing
optic element. The hand piece ends up with a metal tip and is connected to the end of the arm with a
special mechanical connector.
The diameter of the output spot coming out from the handpiece depends on the focal length of the
lens installed in it and on the distance between the lens and the target area on the patient.
The handpiece is connected to the laser source “optically” through proper optics (lens and mirror).
No electrical connections to the handpiece are provided.
The optics are kept clean by an air flow.
The air flow pipe is mounted on the handpiece.
Figure 4 illustrates schematics of the standard handpiece.
Omogenizing element Focusing lens

Metal pointing
Output laser beam
Input laser beam
HANDPIECE
Different output spot dimensions can be obtained by changing the metal ending tip of the hand piece.
To obtain the exact dimension of the laser output spot is necessary to maintain the hand piece
at a distance from the working area fixed by the metal tip.
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3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 General Specifications
DUOLITE QS laser
 Electrical requirements 230 Vac / 50 - 60 Hz
 Electrical power 2000 W
 Dimensions 450(W) x 900(D) x 1180(H) mm
 Weight 60 kg
 Operation temperature 10°- 30° C
 Storing temperature min. 5° C / max. 40° C
 Relative Humidity from 35% to 75%
 Atmospheric pressure from 700 hPa to 1060 hPa
 Cooling Internal
 Electrical protection class I
 Type B
 Degree of protection IP20 (IEC529)
 Main fuses 2x10AT
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3.2 Laser specifications
DUOLITE QS
 Laser Nd:YAG solid state

 Wavelengths 1064 nm, 532 nm
 Maximum energy 1 J @ 1064 nm
500 mJ @ 532 nm
 Maximum fluence 2mm 28 J/cm2 @ 1064nm, 14 J/cm2 @ 532nm

3mm 12 J/cm2 @1064nm, 6 J/cm2 @ 532nm
4mm 7 J/cm2 @ 1064nm, 3 J/cm2 @ 532nm
6mm 3 J/cm2 @ 1064nm, 1.6 J/cm2 @ 532nm
 Pulse width 6 ns
 Repetition rate 1, 2, 5, 10 HZ
 Beam delivery articulated arm
 Power monitor ± 10% output energy
 Actuator covered footswitch
 Aiming beam 635nm laser diode
 Divergence (handpiece output)  15 mrad
 MPE (Maximum Permissible Exposure) 0.016 J/m2 @ 1064 nm, 0.004 J/m2 @ 532 nm
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4 SERVICE OPERATION PROCEDURES
4.1 Control panel.

The front panel accommodates an LCD display with the following items:
- End user menu
- Service menu
Display with
touch-screen
Emergency
push button
Key-switch
4.2 Turn on procedure and enter the service menu

It is assumed that the set up procedure has been completed (see installation chapter).
 Insert the key switch and turn right, I symbol.
When the following mask appears touch the screen on the text “Touch Calibration”.
Touch here
When the following screens appear the display must be touched where indicated.
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This function allows to calibrate the touch screen.
After one second this screen appears, it must be touched five times.
When the display is touched

the program displays a line.
In the corner of the screen
the number of touches is
displayed.
After 1 second the following mask will appear:
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Touch one single time to continue.

The following screen allows to select the output wavelength (1064nm or 532nm):
Touch here to select

the source
During the warm-up the program display the device status and the following mask will appear:
If the flowswitch is working properly the flashlamp is simmered and the following mask will appear
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Ok Button
Press the OK button to enter the Main menu.
The following mask will appear:
The display visualizes the set of parameters related to the selected source.
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4.3 Working parameters setting

The user can now set the working parameters for the source selected through the control panel
as following.
Touch here to
change the Spot
size
Touch here to
change the output
wavelength (1064
or 532nm) Touch here to change
the status mode
STAND-BY/READY
Touch here to
Touch here to
change the power
enter the option
output
menu
Touch here to
change frequency
The output energy value is the result of the internal photodiode measurement. If a spot dimension is
selected then the output energy is displayed as an energy density (J/cm2) while if the Tip (Spot size)
option is selected then the output energy is displayed as an energy (J). (- -)
4.4 Laser parameters settings (Service menu)

In this service menu, more device parameters than in the user menu can be controlled.
 Enter Service mode, see paragraph 1.7.6.1, the following mask will appear:
Coloured area indicating the

status of the system:
 Blue (standby mode)
 Azure (wait status)
 Green (ready mode)
 Yellow (emission :
ready mode and
footswitch pressed)
In service menu in case of
alarm the message “alarm”
blinks in white and red
colours.
In case of variation of the
output energy “Energy”
message blinks in white and
red.
Touch here to enter the Service menu
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When the menu button is touched, the following mask appears:
Touch here to move

the cursor
Touch here to close

the mask
In this menu the following functions can be selected:

 Close menu:
 Reset
 Diagnostics
 User settings
 Service settings
4.4.1 Close menu
It closes the mask.
4.4.2 Reset
The reset parameter restarts the system.
4.4.3 Diagnostics
When this function is selected the following mask appears:
Touch here to close

the mask
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When the user enters the status menu an initial test is automatically performed to check internal
operation: if an error is found then the system goes into alarm mode.
In case that an error is displayed please switch off the laser system by turning the key on the O
position and consult the troubleshooting table.
 External interlock: *- means the remote interlock is connected

 Footswitch: it describes the status: pressed or unpressed
 H2O Flowswitch: * means the reading of the flowswitch is OK
 H2O temperature: * means the reading of the temperature of the cooling water, performed by
the thermal sensor is OK
 Lamp simmering: it describes the status of the flashlamp: simmered or not simmered
 Overvoltage temperature: The temperature of the capacitor charger is controlled. * means the
temperature is OK
 End of charge: * means the capacitor charger succeeds in charging the capacitors
 EOT 1234: *, in the field 1, * means the flip mirror ( acting as wavelength selector) is working;
the electronics could manage 4 EOT (End of travel). In this system only 1 EOT is activated.
 Standby/ready: Status of the system
 N: Total number of shots
 V: Voltage (from 0 to 650V) applied to the capacitors.
 The meaning of asterisk and dash in the upper part of the screen is the following:
The status screen is following:
Input:
1. Flow switch (If it is OK a * is displayed)
2. Water level (If it is OK a * is displayed)
3. Temperature cooling + Bimetal on SCR (If it is OK a * is displayed)
4. Interlock (If it is OK a * is displayed)
5. Short circuited (a * is always displayed)
6. Simmer 1 (oscillator) (If it is OK a * is displayed)
7. Simmer 2 (amplifier) (If it is OK a * is displayed)
8. Footswitch (a ‘–‘ is displayed if not pressed)
9. Shutter (a ‘–‘ is displayed if closed)
10. Not meaningful
Output:
10. Shutter (If it is OK a – is displayed)

11. not used (a – is always displayed)
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13. phase matching up (If it is OK a – is displayed)
14. phase matching down (If it is OK a – is displayed)
16. wavelength (a – is displayed if 1064 button has been pressed, a * is displayed if 532 button
has been pressed )
17. power on (If it is OK a * is displayed)
If each of these alarms is active, the related line changes in red colour.
4.4.4 Service settings
With this menu the following parameters can be modified:

 Clear tot. count: Clear total pulse counter
 Lamp pulse (μs): Pulse duration: selectable from 10 to 1000 μs (set value is typically 220-
230 μs)
 Max voltage: maximum voltage setting (N° BIT) selectable from 1 to 250 (typically 250)
 Min voltage: minimum voltage setting (N° BIT) selectable from 1 to 250 (typically 180)
 Phase Matching time (ms): not used
 Frequency (Hz): frequency of the flashlamp (not of the Pockels cell):this value must be 10
Hz: selectable from 1 to 20 Hz.
 Phd 1 calibr.: 1064nm photodiode calibration factor (selectable from 1 to 1500)
 Phd 2 calibr.: 532nm photodiode calibration factor (selectable from 1 to 1500)
Touch here to move

the cursor
Touch here to select

the function
Touch here to
change the selected
value
4.4.5 User sets voltage
When this function is not selected “-“ is displayed, the system works in automatic mode. The
operator set the fluence and the system set automatically the voltage for tracking the required power.
When this function is selected “*“ is displayed, the system works in standard mode. The operator set
the voltage bit and the system read the power output.
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Standard mode Automatic mode
4.4.6 Spot sizes
Touch here to move

the cursor
Touch here to
disable the spot
size.
The blank character Touch here to enable the spot
is displayed. size.
The
the* character is displayed.
The available spot sizes are displayed.
4.5 Laser emission

After setting the suitable values for the working parameters, the user can start the laser
emission as follows.
Laser Operation:
Press the STATUS area: a WAIT message is displayed for few seconds. During this time it is not
possible to open the shutter even if the footswitch is pressed. The internal photodiode starts
monitoring the laser’s output energy.
For safety reasons the internal shutter opens only if the footswitch is pressed after having selected
the ready mode.
When WAIT message disappears it is possible to start the laser emission by pressing the footswitch.
During the emission the coloured area becomes yellow.
All the variations to the laser parameters, except wavelength, can be introduced in Standby
and Ready mode.
The wavelength can be selected only in standby mode.

After releasing the footswitch in ready mode, the system enters the standby mode automatically after
10s or 15s respectively in user and service menu.
For starting a new treatment press READY button.

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4.6 Turn OFF procedure
To turn off the laser system Press STATUS area to change the status from READY to Stand-By
mode and then turn left the Line key switch, symbol O.
4.7 Alarms description

There are different alarms that can be displayed on the control panel.
If in user mode an alarm is displayed, entering the service menu the system will work in spite of the
alarm.
- Lamp simmering: the oscillator flashlamp doesn’t ignite.

- Alarm temperature: the temperature of the cooling water is too high.
- Alarm flow: the cooling water flow is too low or interrupted. Flow switch is monitored through
the I/O board during the start up procedure. An error signal is given if malfunction occurs.
- Energy: the energy is a average value over 16 shots displayed when the output energy
fluctuate more than 10 %. Pulse energy is measured continuously by a photodiode. The value
is displayed on the front panel display. This alarm doesn’t cause the stop of the laser system.
- External interlock: it appear when the remote interlock is not connected. In the READY mode
without the consensus from this interlock, the footswitch is disabled and can not open the
shutter.
If in ready mode and pressing the footswitch the power is changed, the firmware close the shutter, it
is necessary release the footswitch to restart the laser emission with the new parameters.
During the treatment the laser’s output energy is displayed on the control panel. If the output energy
fluctuates more than +/- 10% around the initial value selected then an ALARM energy is displayed.
When the device is in alarm the following mask will appear:
The alarms are displayed in red.
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5 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
5.1 General description

Duolite QS device is made of one laser source with an oscillator, a power electronics section,
control electronics and an hydraulic cooling system.
The laser device consists of the following sub units:
 Power electronic
 Control electronics
 Control panel with display and touch screen assembly
 Capacitor bank
 Cooling system
 Laser head
 Articulated arm
 Protective housing
5.2 Power supply

The power supply enters the system through a power connector followed by a double fuses and
mains filter (16A). After turning on the main switch and the key on the front panel. Only the control
electronic will supply.
power supply
connector and
main switch
The 12VDC auxiliary supply powers only the laser system controller.
The 24VDC auxiliary supply when turned on powers the following circuits:
 The water pump
 The flow-switch
 The heater
When both auxiliary supplies are turned on, the control electronics start to check its integrity and also
performs the self-test of the complete laser system.
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5.3 Power electronics
The power electronics circuitry is installed under the optical bench and its components are
fixed to the lateral panel and on the bottom of the structure.
It includes:
 The power supply connector with main switch, fuses and line filter.
 The compact charger.
 The capacitor bench
The mains power (230 V 50-60 Hz) ground cable is fixed to the external mechanical structure by a
ground connector fixed to a proper guide so that the medical device has its ground connected to the
line power ground.
On the front panel there are the key to switch on the system and the emergency knob. On the top
floor (underlying side) of the bearing structure there are the high voltage contacts of the flash-lamps
and their triggers. The supply of the hydraulic pumps is connected to the power electronics directly.
Compact charger
Terminal
Blocks
Aiming beam
power supply
QS91-1C
Air pump Air pump Heater SHG
QS90-12
relay
Pockels HV
supply and
trigger opto
QS0511-B Pockels
cell driver
QS93-2E
H.V. module
QS00-1F
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5.4 Control electronics
The control electronics, consisting of some boards and a microprocessor, is mounted under the
display (see figure below).
Routing board
QS05-2B
Display+touch screen
and microcontroller
boards (QS03-1A)
QS05-2A Interface
board between QS03-
1A, Albatros compact
charger and QS05-2B
board
The system is based on a flash memory microcontroller with resident firmware, specific for the device
and its intended use.
The microchip is Pic18F8621 Microchip Technology.
The control electronics provides:
 Control of custom dedicated power supply manufactured by Albatros company.

 Control of human interface: display, keyboard and footswitch.
 Monitoring of sensors: cooling water flow, level, temperature.
 Monitoring of external interlock and footswitch.
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The control electronics is based on:
 Control board QS03-1 with microcontroller and firmware.

 Interface boards QS05-2.
 ¼ VGA TFT display with touch screen.
The purpose of control electronics is safe machine operation, allowing the operator to select
parameters, depending on the intended specific application. Parameters are:
 Spot size (as set on the handpiece)

 Output energy/fluence.
 Repetition rate.
 Wavelength (1064/532 nm).
The following is a list of interface signals, where input and output (IN, OUT, I/O) are defined as seen
by the control electronics, grouped in functional and/or physical groups:
 Display OUT
 Touch screen IN
 Leds and Buzzer
 Cooling IN
o Water flow
o Water level
o Temperature
 Remote control connector
o Interlock IN
o Power on contact OUT
 Footswitch IN
 RS232 I/O
 Power supply
o Water Pump Enable OUT
o Lamp Simmering Enable OUT
o Capacitor charger enable OUT
o PWM filtered as Analog voltage set point OUT
o IGBT (power switch to the lamp) pulse command OUT
o Lamp Simmered IN
o Capacitor charger Over-Voltage IN
o Capacitor charger Over-Temperature IN
o Capacitor charger End Of Charge IN
o Capacitor bank Voltage partitor Analog IN
The RS232 interface is provided basically for service operations, including firmware and images
downloading (bootloader preloaded with firmware in factory). Other uses must be checked because
additional testing may be required by applicable standards.
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5.5 Connections
In this paragraph the connections from/to the control box are described. For a complete
information refer to scheme in § 11 Electrical Drawings
Shutter
Photodiodes
Flat 40 wires to
touch screen
assembly Flip-mirror
Routing Board
+12V
0V
+24V
Remote control
footswitch
Flowswitch
Power
Thermoswitch
+24V
0V
+12V
Aiming beam +24V

cable
0V
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5.6 Control panel with display
The control panel with display is located on the front panel. It includes a LCD display with touch-
screen, the relevant driving circuit and a microcontroller board.
Inverter
For a complete information refer to scheme §11.
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5.7 Compact Charger box
The compact charger has the following characteristics: 220Vin / 650Vout / 1000W
The layout is the following:
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5.8 Capacitor bank set
The capacitor bank consists of 4 capacitor 8200 F, 450V for the oscillator
The discharge of the capacitors is obtained by a discharging circuit with 4 resistors of 220 Ohm each.
The capacitors are completely discharged after 40 second.
5.9 Cooling system

The cooling system consists of:
- Cooling liquid tank

- Pump driven by a 24 Vdc motor
- Water to air heat exchanger with four 230VAC fans
- Temperature switch
- Rotator Flow sensor.
Distilled water cooling is absolutely necessary to prevent any damage to the optical pumping
chamber’s parts. Moreover the flow and the temperature of the water in the cooling circuit are
monitored by the control electronics. In case of malfunction or water leaks that cause a flow rate
reduction, an error signal is displayed.
If the water temperature exceeds the value set by the controller, the machine is stopped and an alarm
signal appears on the display.
5.10 Laser head
5.10.1 Laser module
The laser module consists of a pumping chamber hosting a Nd:YAG rod and a flashlamp optically
coupled, a Q Switching set including a Pockels cell, a /4 plate and a polarizer and two mirrors at the
ends.
Mirrors
Oscillator: Nd:YAG Polarizer λ/4 plate Pockels

. Rod + flashlamp
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5.10.2 Q-Switching set
HV connections
Polarizer
Pockels cell
holder
λ/4 plate
Heater
QS90-12
A Q-switched system is composed of a polarizer, a λ/4 plate, and a Pockels cell crystal. In figure the
High Voltage connections are shown. To drive the pockels cell there are two boards (shown in
Figure). In particular the avalanche transistor board is placed over the optical Q-switch system.
Pockels HV
supply and
trigger opto
QS0511-B HV connection
to Pockels cell
Trigger from
microcontroller
H.V. module
QS00-1F
HV connection
QS93-2E
In order to the test the boards check the following:

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 The typical HV value on the crystal is 4350V with load. It can be measured with a fast (large
bandwidth) high voltage probe.
 The typical waveform is the following:
This waveform can be detected by the same fast high voltage probe connected to an oscilloscope.
The rise time of the Pockels cell pulse is from 5 to 100μs depending on the resistor R31 and on the
capacitor C4 in QS93-2E driver board.
The HV probe used is a High Voltage Probe Tektronics model. P6015 as shown in Figure.
 The HV can be also detected by measuring a reference voltage in the HV module (with a
standard voltmeter)
Vref=9.10 Vdc between R3 and – supply
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5.10.3 SHG Control
Phase matching
Flip mirror SHG crystal holder
The SHG crystal is mounted on a holder that is rotated in a plane parallel to the optical bench. This
movement is obtained by using a screws. The alignment of the crystal can be performed manually by
turning the screw shown in Figure. The procedure for crystal alignment is described in the 2nd
harmonic crystal alignment paragraph.
Temperature
The SHG crystal is kept at a constant temperature. The regulator board is reported in the figure; the
temperature sensor and the heater are mounted on a separate board mounted on the crystal holder.
J2 pin1 out heater
J1 24V J1 GND pin2 GND heater
pin3 in heater
pin4 ADJ sensor
pin5 +sensor
pin6 -sensor
Check point for

actual temperature
Check point for set
(GND-pin3)
temperature (GND-
pin5)
V=3.15Vdc (T≈40°C)
Heater
When SHG crystal is warmed up actual temp. ≡ Set Temp. and red led is ON.
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5.10.4 Simmer trigger circuit
The simmer trigger circuit is located inside of the compact charger. Its function is to create
high voltage short pulses via a trigger transformer to ionize the Xenon gas within the flashlamp; the
pulses cause the ionized gas impedance to drop allowing the external simmer power supply to draw a
small current (called simmer current) through the flashlamp. The simmer operation of the flashlamp
allows accurate flashlamp firing with high repetition rates.
The negative terminal of a trigger transformer secondary winding is connected to the flashlamp
cathode. The positive terminal of the trigger transformer is connected to the pumping chamber metal
end plates. This allows for efficient external triggering of the flashlamp.
When the Controller turns on the compact charger, the simmer trigger circuit is powered by the
simmer power supply and starts to simmer the flashlamp. The simmer power supply accommodates
the voltage (about 1 kV) on the flashlamp to keep the simmer current through the flashlamp to a
preset constant value. The lamp is still an open circuit and no current is flowing. A trigger pulse (4 kV)
is generated by the trigger transformer. The flashlamp ionizes and the simmer current establishes at
approximately 60 mA. When the simmer current establishes the simmer trigger circuit disables the
triggering of the trigger transformer.
The simmering circuit check the current value on the lamp terminals and communicate this value to
the controller, so that the controller can monitor the state (ON – OFF) of each lamp.
In the case of simmer board malfunction or lamp breaking, the controller reads an error and stops the
machine, inhibiting the output. The microcontroller points out a malfunction each time an anomaly in
the preignition current occurs.
5.10.5 Energy meter set
In the Duolite QS system two different photodiodes are installed; they are mounted on two
different holders, placed in different position (refer to the mechanical laser head drawing).
The 1064nm photodiode is mounted on a holder with an HR mirror and a diffraction prism.
The 532nm photodiode is mounted on a holder with an AR plate and a diffraction target.
The connections are shown in the control wiring schematic.
The photodiode calibration (1064nm or 532nm)is performed according the following steps:
1. Check that the laser and the articulated arm are well aligned. Switch on the laser in service mode
and set the laser power at maximum value. Perform a measure of the laser output energy out of
the articulated arm, by removing the handpiece. Use an external power meter; refer to point 3 in
Chapter 1.1 –Tool for Service. Record the measured energy value
2. unscrew the calibration screw on the photodiode holder, until the displayed energy value read the
maximum, corresponding to the saturation of photodiode. (Be sure the spot size value on the
display is -- i.e. energy reading).
3. Set the Photodiode calibration factor (Phd 1 calib for 1064nm photodiode setting and Phd 2 calib
for 532 photodiode setting). The calibration factor should be set at values that fix the displayed
energy up to 30-35% over the energy value recorded with the external power meter.
4. By screwing the screw on the photodiode holder, set the displayed energy value equal to the
energy read on the external power meter.
5.11 External housing

The complete console is made of spot welded metal sheet console, metal and plastic sheet
upper side covers and painted metal side panels. Therefore the construction has a good mechanical
integrity, excellent grounding and EMC compatibility.
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5.12 Beam delivery and handpiece
5.12.1 Articulated arm
The articulated arm consists of different metallic pipes, mounted with swivel joints allowing
rotatory movement; at every swivel joint a mirror is fixed. The total beam path is 1.5 m. The beam
propagating into the articulated arm is along its axis; the beam section is the same as before the
launching mirror on the optical bench.
The mirrors are highly reflective at 45° at both wavelengths. The diameter is 1” and the thickness is
1/8”. A handpiece is connected to the output part of the arm.
CAUTION
Any manumission to the mirrors of the articulated arm can cause unexpected emission of
laser radiation.
CAUTION
Do not use the laser system if the handpiece is not mounted at the end of the articulated arm
5.12.2 Handpiece
The Q-sw laser handpiece is composed of two pieces: the lens and the homogenizer mechanical
holder, screwed on the end part of the articulated arm, and the end tip, screwed on the previous
mechanical holder, that must be replaced in order to obtain different spot sizes.
The homogenizer is glued on its mechanical holder, while the lens is slightly tilted in its mechanical
holder in order to avoid beam reflection into the laser cavity.
To replace the homogenizer:

a. remove homogenizer and lens mechanical holder from the articulated arm;
b. unglue the homogenizer from its mechanical holder;
c. glue the new homogenizer on its mechanical holder;
d. screw the mechanical holder to the articulated arm.
Note: all the optic components and the O’ring are cleaned before mounting. After the installation,
the homogenizer doesn’t need any cleaning because it is almost sealed in its mechanical holder. The
lens can get dirty and must be cleaned.
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To replace the lens:
a. remove homogenizer and lens mechanical holder from the articulated arm;
b. remove the lens from its mechanical holder;
c. Clean the lens with optical paper soaked with alcohol or acetone for optics (non
cosmetic). Cleaning has to be performed every time the lens appears . this will prolong
the lens lifetime;
e. put the new lens on its mechanical holder taking care to have it tilted in order to avoid
beam reflection into the laser cavity;
f. screw the mechanical holder to the articulated arm.
In the following pictures the four types of tip available are reported.
All the materials used to manufacture handpiece’s parts are characterized by low electrical
conductivity.
The lens used in the handpiece and the spacer mounted on the Teflon part are placed in such a
position as to project the fiber output conjugated image on the target. In this way a great uniformity in
energy distribution is obtained.
Any operation on the handpiece (cleaning, substitution…) must be performed with the device off.
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6 MAINTENANCE AND PERIODIC CHECKS
6.1 Remove panels

Open the device in the following way:
 Remove the upper cover 1) Remove the articulated arm
1) unscrew these screws and

remove the blue cover
2) Remove the blue cover
3) Remove the white plastic cover to

unscrew this screw
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4) Remove the metallic cover
1) unscrew these screws

 Remove the panels
2) Remove the panel
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6.2 Compact charger replace

To replace the compact charger:
 Switch off the laser system
 Remove the power supply cable
 Remove the articulated arm
 Remove the upper cover
 Remove the left panel
 Open the lateral panel, see the following picture
Remove these screws
 Unplug the electrical connections
Compact charger
 Remove the compact charger

 Insert the new compact charger
 Plug the electrical connections
 Close the panel
 Close the upper cover
 Plug the articulated arm
 Connect the power supply cable
 Verify the system
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6.3 Articulated arm
The articulated arm is in good condition if the transmission of the two wavelengths is correct.
The light transmission through the arm can be incorrect if the clinical effect on the skin doesn’t remain
constant over time. However, if this does not happen make sure that the handpiece’s lens is cleaned
before checking the arm integrity. Arm problems can be checked and fixed only by manufacture’s
technical assistance staff.
6.4 Handpiece replacing

To replace the handpiece:
 Switch off completely the laser system

 Unscrew gently the handpiece from the arm
 Replace the hand piece
 Switch on the laser system
 Verify the output beam
6.5 Periodical Cleaning of the handpiece

The metal tip at the end of the handpiece interacts with the patient’s skin. Therefore it is
necessary to clean up the metal tip and the final part of the hand piece after each treatment.
The hand piece materials are compatible with standards technique of thermal and chemical
sterilization.
6.6 Cleaning of the external covering panels

QS recommends to periodically clean the external covering panels of the laser system using a cloth
imbued with a standard cleaning detergent. Avoid spraying directly the cleaning detergent on the
panels.
Avoid the penetrations of the cleaning detergent liquid inside the laser device.
6.7 Line cable checking

The Duolite QS laser system has a line cable. The cable has a length of 3 m.
The line cable can be subjected to deterioration in time. It is necessary to check periodically the
status of the line cable.
6.8 Cooling System – service

To maintain the cooling system efficient, a periodical service is needed. Service operation must be
performed by trained personnel only.
Please find here on end some suggestion for service type and frequency under normal conditions of
use (estimated in 5 hours/day):
Monthly:
Check the water level in the circuit
When the system is working, water is at about 60°C. Water circuit is leak-proof, but not completely
sealed to prevent the birth of air-bubbles, so some evaporation may occur.
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Check the water level in the tank and in the filter shell. If it is too low with respect to the reference
level (just under the upper water-return valve), refill it. Use only distilled water. Absolutely do not add
any other substance.
Whenever a heating excess is noticed on the heat exchanger:

Check if the heat exchanger or fans are covered with dust or particles, which cause a heat excess
and diminish the cooling efficiency.
Clean with a vacuum cleaner. Avoid using brushes, which may lose hairs.
Heat exchanger
Fans
Yearly or when the laser has not been operated for a long time:
Check if the filter is dirty or presents traces of residues on its external layer. This should not occur, but
sometimes (particularly when the device has been still for a long time) could happen that sea-weeds
or dirt fix to the flashlamp or deposit in the circuit. When the device is then operated after a long time,
the filter collects these particles and become dirty.
When substituting the filter, use only a clean filter, without additives or detergents. Any strange
substance other than distilled water can in fact damage parts touched in the circuit. If you can not
have a clean filter, take steps to clean it under flowing clean water until any trace of detergent has
been removed. You can also mount the filter and clean it by starting the cooling system and changing
the water until the filter is completely clean.
To remove the filter for substitution:

1. Switch off the system
2. Switch off the circuit breaker and disconnect from the mains
3. Remove the right panel
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4. Empty the circuit by the valve laying on the bearing-structure floor. To do it, use the
countervalve supplied with furniture
Water draining valve
5. Unscrew the filter-shell using a proper tool
Unscrew this with a

proper tool
WARNING
Before starting any removing operation, test the residual voltage on the capacitor bank using
a power probe and a tester. Start removing the part only if the voltage has dropped down to
zero.
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6.9 Cooling System – parts replacement
6.9.1 Pump
Remove the
hydraulic
connections
Unscrew these
screws

2. Switch off the main switch and disconnect from the mains
3. Remove the upper cover
5. Remove the power supply
6. Remove hydraulic connectors
7. Remove the screws that fix the pump to the floor
8. Replace the pump, connecting the power supply and hydraulic connections.
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6.9.2 Flow switch
Unplug these
screws
Unplug hydraulic
connections
Unplug these
connector

5. Unplug the power and signal cable of the routing board
6. Loosen hydraulic plugs
7. Remove and substitute the part
8. Plug the power and signal cable of the routing board
9. Switch on the system
10. Calibrate the flow switch as to operate correctly
6.9.3 Thermal switch
Unplug hydraulic
connections

5. Unplug the signal connectors
6. Loosen hydraulic plugs
7. Remove and substitute the part
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6.9.4 Heat exchanger

4. Remove side panels and the rear panel
5. Remove electrical connections from the fans and relay
6. Remove the 8 screws from the rear of the bearing-structure
7. Remove the heat exchanger-and-fans block
6.9.5 Air pump

3. Remove right side panel
4. Remove electrical connections from the air pump
5. Unplug air tube(s) and filter
6. Remove the pump and substitute, restoring connections
8. Test the system with the new air pump
6.9.6 Air pump relay
Air pump relay

3. Remove side panels and the rear panel
4. Unplug the relay and substitute
6. Test the system with the new air pump relay
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6.10 Display – replace
Remove these
screws
Unplug the flat cables
1. Switch off the system Unplug this connector

3. Remove the cover
4. Remove the electrical connections from the display
5. Remove the screws as indicated in the previous picture
6. Replace the display
8. Test the system with the new display
6.11 Key switch and Emergency knob - replace

3. Remove the cover
4. Remove the lateral panels
5. Remove connectors from the switch or knob and remove part by loosening nuts
6. Replace with a new switch or knob and restore connections
8. Test the system with the new key or knob
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6.12 Fuses – check and replace
External fuses:
Two fuses 10A
6.13 Mirrors – clean and replace

If you need only to clean lens, without substituting any, clean the optical components by using
optic paper or cotton stick soaked with acetone for optics (non-cosmetic). All the optical components
have to be cleaned gently without moving them from their original position.
To remove a mirror, simply loosen screw(s) on its mounting.
45° HR folding mirror is fixed with 2 screws. Loosen these screws and remove mirror.
Shutter mirror is fixed with 4 screws and a plate. Remove screws and late and substitute mirror.
Replace only with mirrors with identical specifications (refer to the specification sheet provided with
the device).
Always clean mirrors before mounting. Use optical paper soaked with acetone for optics (non-
cosmetic) or a proper solvent and clean with a single pass from side to side. This way allows to carry
dirt and grease outside the mirror. Remember to reinstall the mirror as in previous position.
When replacing mirrors, remember to always interpose an O-ring where you found it. Otherwise,
breakings due to unsmoothened stress may occur.
After mirror substitution, realignment is necessary. Please refer to the proper section of this Service
Manual to perform realignment.
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6.14 Laser Flashlamp - replace
The flashlamp is supplied through the two poles (+ red; - black) of the lamp itself, which are
connected to two contacts put in the pumping chamber.
To access those contacts, the upper panel, the optical
bench cover have to be removed.
Materials:
- Flashlamp type 920. The lifetime is around 10.000.000 shots in normal conditions.
Procedure:
1. Switch off the system, disconnect it from the main power supply. and wait for 5 minutes before
starting any action; this time is necessary to be sure that the temperature has cooled down and
the capacitors charge is zero.
2. Remove the articulated arm loosen
3. open the top covering panel by taking away the two lateral panels.
By opening the top covering panel you have access to the laser
head.
4. Disconnect the connectors on the flashlamp.
5. Unscrew the two screws on the top plate of the pumping chamber
and gently pull out remove the pumping chamber from the base. unplug
6. Unscrew the screw of the side plates until the flashlamp can be
taken out by pulling or pushing.
7. Replace the flashlamp with a new one, make sure that the two
extreme of the lamp that project out from the pumping chamber are
of the same length. The red marked electrode of the lamp must be
connected to the anode (positive) that is normally close to the trigger wire. When changing the
flashlamp, change the gaskets too.
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7 SERVICE PROCEDURES: Adjustment, Alignment and Calibration
7.1 Cavity layout

13 14
16 17
22
15
10 21
12 18
8 11 20
19
9
3
5 2 1
7 6 4
Identification of the components.

N Technical description
1 Rear mirror HR 0°@ 1064 nm
2 Pockels cell KD*P
3 /4 plate
4 Polarizer
5 Oscillator Nd:Yag rod 3/8” AR/AR 4°/4°
6 Gaussian output mirror
7 HR 45° @ 1064 nm mirror
8 HR 45° @ 1064 nm mirror
9 /2 plate
10 AR @ 1064 nm f=-220 mm lens
11 AR @ 1064 nm f=250 mm lens
12 Flip mirror HR 45° @ 1064nm
13 HR 45° @ 1064 nm mirror
14 Photodiode Assembly 532nm
15 HR 45° @ 532 nm, HT @ 1064 nm dichroic mirror
16 HR 45° @ 532 nm, HT @ 1064 nm dichroic mirror
17 HR 45° @ 532, 1064 nm mirror
18 HR 45° @ 532, 1064 nm mirror
19 HR 45° @ 532, 1064 nm mirror
20 HR 45° @ 532, 1064 nm mirror
21 Second harmonic generation crystal KTP type II
22 Photodiode assembly 1064nm
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 The rod faces in the pumping chamber must be oriented as shown in Figure with an external
visible source (i.e. He:Ne)
 Install the pumping chamber on the optical bench.

 Use the He-Neon laser to put in the same axis all optics and rod.
 Align the Pockels cell as described in paragraph 7.2.
 Adjust the X-Y screw on the output mirror mount, to move the reflection of the aiming beam
from the first output mirror face till it matches the output of the aiming beam.
 Switch on the device in the Service menu. Free running mode (trigger pockels off, λ/4 out)
 In the Ready mode and with the footswitch pressed, verify the laser emission with the IR
detector.
 Adjust the rear mirror of the cavity to obtain a well-round spot.
 Increase the voltage at the flashlamp ends and verify the spot shape.
 Adjust the polarizer to reach the maximum energy.
 When the cavity is well-aligned, measure the free-running energy (at full power ≈1.1J),
 Switch off the laser.
 Insert the /4 plate in its mount.
 Switch on the laser and rotate the /4 plate to completely eliminate the laser pulse from the IR
visualizer. Increasing step by step the voltage at the flashlamp ends, rotate the /4 plate to
eliminate the laser pulse. If at these values the laser pulse doesn’t disappear, it is possible to
slightly adjust the Pockels cell.
 Switch off the Duolite QS device.
 Insert the trigger to the Pockels cell. Switch on the laser measure the output energy with the
power meter. The maximum energy is 900 mJ.
 Switch off the Duolite QS device.
 Select 532 nm wavelength and align the 2nd harmonic crystal (par. 7.3). Verify the beam is
centered on the end faces of the crystal.
 Rotate the /2 plate and aligning the crystal with the manual screw of the 2nd harmonic crystal
holder, optimize the output energy at 532 nm. The typical value is 400 mJ.
 Calibrate the photodiodes with the values measured with the power meter, adjusting the
screws on the photodiode holder.
7.2 Pockels cell alignment procedure

Tools:
- An He-Ne laser with X-Y-Z mounting
- 2 plastic polarizer.
Procedure:
1. Install the He-Ne laser

2. Align the He-Ne beam passes at the center of the laser cavity mirrors.
3. Align the Pockels cell. The He-ne beam must cross the Pockels cell at the center of the two
faces. Adjust its position by using the screws of the Pockels cell holder.
4. Place the two polarizers, in a crossed position, at the input and output faces. Insert an optical
sheet between the rear mirror and the first polarizer. To diffuse the HE NE beam.
5. Adjust the 2 registers of the L mounting till the following pattern appear
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Cross beam pattern

after Pockels cell
alignment
7.3 2nd harmonic crystal alignment procedure

The 1064 nm beam coming from the oscillator is polarized in a plane parallel to the optical
bench. The crystal for 2nd harmonic generation is a KTP type II. The beam at 1064 nm must be
circularly polarized (by using a /4 plate) or linearly polarized at 45° (by using a /2 plate). On the
KTP crystal generally the z-axis is marked. An arrow means the input and output beam versus
because the endfaces are AR coated at 1064 nm and AR coated at both wavelengths respectively.
Be sure of the input and output directions.The crystal must be mounted so that the tuning angle is in a
plane parallel to the optical bench. This means:
 the face in which the z-axis is marked is on the higher part of the crystal holder;
After mounting correctly the KTP crystal, the alignment procedure consists in optimizing the output
energy by:
 rotating the /2 plate;
 adjusting the alignment of the crystal with the screw for the manual alignment (using an
hexagonal Allen key). Adjust position of the crystal for a fine alignment.
The optimization is performed by measuring the 532 nm energy. To do this, the power meter must be
positioned after the HR mirror photodiode and the shutter. In the case all the components are already
mounted, When the crystal is realigned it is better to control the articulated arm alignment.
The 45° beam folder to be positioned in the articulated arm holder.
7.4 Articulated arm alignment procedure

 Utilize the alignment arm. Insert at the input part a cross target as shown in Figure. Switch on
the DUOLITE QS device. Select 1064 nm wavelength at medium power. Moving mirror 17,
align the beam with the cross target to obtain at the output of the arm a symmetric beam
shown here.
Symmetric beam pattern

passing through the
cross target at the inlet
of the alignment arm.
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 Mount a second cross target at the outlet of the alignment arm.
 Rotate this target so that the cross target is perpendicular to the first one. Realign mirror 18 to
obtain the center of the second cross on the center of the first cross.
 If after the second adjustment you obtain a symmetric beam pattern as shown in Figure , the
alignment procedure is correct; otherwise remove the second cross and repeat the procedure
from the beginning until you find the final alignment.
Symmetric beam pattern

passing through the
second cross target at
the outlet of the
alignment arm.
 Repeat the same procedure of the cross targets after selecting 532 nm wavelength. In this
case the first mirror to adjust is 15 and the second will be the 16.
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8 Safety Instructions for technical assistance

The technical assistance is restricted to people suitably qualified, instructed and authorized by
the Manufacturer. He must also be provided with suitable tools and information.
All safety rules concerning the risks of electrical and laser injury must be respected.
Moreover the following rules must be observed to keep original machine safety provision:
 All components and accessories, especially those on line voltage and on any dangerous
voltage, including wiring, can only be replaced with spare parts identical to the original ones or
strictly equivalent and approved by the Manufacturer in written form.
 Any modification, including and not limited to position changes, mounting, removal and
addition of components must be approved by the Manufacturer.
 All safety provisions must be preserved and checked at the end of the work. The following is a
minimal check-list:
Check Pass/Fail
Components are original or approved and mounted as originally
The wires have the same size and insulation as original ones
All screws are correctly tightened, including those of electrical connections
Manual check that all electrical connections are good, pulling the wires
Visual inspection check that all wires and insulations are in good conditions
All replaced fuses are of correct value
All protective earth connections are correctly done
The contact blocks of key switch and emergency pushbutton are correctly and firmly
installed
Functionality check of key switch
Functionality check of emergency push-button
Functionality check of all interlocks
Resistance < 1 ohm between line plug PE and all accessible metallic covering parts
Visual check absence of obstructions on all ventilation apertures
If major work has been done (line voltage components replacement) the electrical safety should be
checked with suitable instruments:
Test Pass/Fail
Insulation (voltage test and resistance)
Leakage current
Protective earth continuity
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9 TROUBLESHOOTING
Trouble Possible cause Solution
Key switch turned, but  Line power not connected  Check line cord
the device doesn’t work  Main line breaker off  Check main fuses
 Emergency knob pressed  Check breaker
 Push the emergency knob
Lamp error  Simmering error  Call service
 Lamp broken/old  Replace lamp and check the
cooling circuit for dirt
 Replace charger
Flow and/or level error  Not enough water  Fill water reservoir
 Water tube twisted  Check water tubing’s
 Check flowswitch
Temperature error  Room temperature too much high  Check cooling air circulation
 Air inlet/outlet not free  Run the pump (F2)
 Assure of the correct
distance of the rear panel
from the wall
Shutter error  Incorrect shutter position  Check shutter position
Energy error  Fluctuations of the energy  Call service
Shutter closed but laser  Shutter broken  Substitute Shutter assembly
emission from the
articulated arm
No correspondence  Damage of the articulated arm  Substitute mirrors and optics
between displayed mirror handpiece
energy and effects on  Damage of the handpiece optic
skin
Flashlamp not flashing  Defective charger  Replace charger
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10 Content of the packaging

Description Our Code Note
The laser device PNMC00004

The articulated arm OAM000503
Handpieces OAM000504
The handpiece case KGM000006
The footswitch EAM000039
The remote door interlock EBM000022
connection
One laser safety goggles OBM000348
One patient safety goggles OBM000410
One tank of distilled water CBQ000002
The User Manual DGM000453
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11 Pictures
Display and touch

screen Articulated
arm
connector
I
0
Emergency
push button
Key switch
Water
reservoir
Fans
RS232 connector
Power supply
connector
Footswitch Remote interlock

connector connector
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Articulated arm
Handpiece
Handpiece tips
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12 Electrical Drawings
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Nd:YAG Q-Switched Laser

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1.1 TOOLS FOR SERVICE ..................................................................................................................................... 7

2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 15

2.1 THE LASER SOURCE. ................................................................................................................................... 16

3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 22

3.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 22

4 SERVICE OPERATION PROCEDURES .................................................................................................. 24

4.1 CONTROL PANEL. ........................................................................................................................................ 24

5.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ..............................................................................................................................34

6 MAINTENANCE AND PERIODIC CHECKS .......................................................................................... 48

6.1 REMOVE PANELS ......................................................................................................................................... 48

7 SERVICE PROCEDURES: ADJUSTMENT, ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION ........................... 60

7.1 CAVITY LAYOUT .......................................................................................................................................... 60

8 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.............................................................. 64

10 CONTENT OF THE PACKAGING .......................................................................................................... 66

12 ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS ..................................................................................................................... 69

Page intentionally left blank.

1.1 Tools for service

2. An IR laser beam visualizator ( = 1064nm)

3. DEKA Laser High Power Meter.

4. He:Ne Laser for cavity alignment:

5. Alignment arm tool:

6. HV probe Tektronics P6015:

7. Fast photodiode (1 ns rise time):

8. Fast oscilloscope (3ns rise time (Ex: Tek TDS1001))

9. 45° beam folder (to be positioned on the articulated arm holder)

1.3 Requirements for the electrical connection

1.4 Temperature and Humidity

Temperature Max. Humidity

1.5 Space requirements

1.6 Inspection and unpacking

1.7.2 Connect the remote-door interlock

1.7.3 Connect the laser system to the power supply.

Line power Led

Key switch and

 Open the water tank (1)

Water to air Heat

Screw holes for articulated

Screw holes for alignment

1.7.6 Check the laser system

1.7.6.1 Enter the End-user mode

1.7.6.2 Preliminary check

1.7.6.3 Check the laser system behavior at selected working condition.

1) Enter the End-user mode.

The program changes

1.7.7 Train the user

1. Turn the system on.

2. Enter in the User-Menu - see paragraph 4.2 -.

4. Fire the laser by operating the footswitch.

In this section a timing diagram of the laser source is shown.

2.1.3 2nd harmonic generation system

Air pump Air pump Heater

Routing board Aiming beam Terminal

Display+ touch screen

RotorFlow-switch Thermoswitch Water tank

Omogenizing element Focusing lens

Output laser beam

Input laser beam

3.1 General Specifications