There are several types of grafting techniques commonly used in horticulture.

Here are some of the

most widely employed methods:

Whip and Tongue Graft: This grafting technique is commonly used for joining plants of the same
diameter. A diagonal cut is made on both the scion (upper part) and rootstock (lower part), creating a
long, sloping cut. A small tongue-shaped cut is then made in the center of each sloping cut. The scion
and rootstock are fitted together, aligning their cambium layers, and secured with grafting tape or
similar material.

Cleft Graft: This grafting technique is suitable when the rootstock is larger in diameter than the scion. A
vertical cut is made in the rootstock, and the tip of the blade is used to create a cleft or split in the
center. The scion, prepared with a long diagonal cut at the base, is inserted into the cleft, ensuring the
cambium layers match. The graft union is then secured with grafting tape.

Bark Graft: Bark grafting is commonly used for older or mature trees. A vertical cut is made in the bark of
the rootstock, and the bark is gently pried open. The scion, usually prepared with a long sloping cut, is
inserted into the opened area, ensuring good contact between cambium layers. The graft is wrapped
with grafting tape or similar material to hold it in place.

Side-Veneer Graft: This grafting technique is often used for plants with asymmetrical stems. A sloping
cut is made on the rootstock, and a corresponding cut is made on the scion. The scion is then inserted
into the rootstock, aligning the cuts, and secured with grafting tape.

Budding: Although technically not grafting, budding is a related technique commonly used for grafting
specific plant species. A bud or bud shield from the desired variety (scion) is inserted beneath the bark
of the rootstock. The bud is usually shield-shaped, including a small piece of bark with a dormant bud.
The bud union is wrapped and sealed with grafting tape.