ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

1. Compare the nervous system and endocrine system regulate body functions
The Nervous system acts quickly in response to stimulus from sensory receptors while the
endocrine system works slowly and steadily.
2. What are hormones?
-Hormone comes from a Greek word that means arouse
-Hormones are chemical messengers that bring about their effects on the body’s cells
3. Fill in the table with your answers.

HORMONE GLAND TARGET ACTION/

(SOURCE) ORGANS EFFECTS
Antidiuretic Posterior PG Kidneys Regulates blood
Hormone (ADH) pressure and
water retention
Oxytocin Posterior PG Uterus Triggers the
Mammary contraction of
Glands uterus during
labor.
Stimulates milk
letdown for
breastfeeding
after child birth
Growth Anterior PG All though out Stimulates
Hormone (GH) the body Growth and
development
Thyroid Anterior PG Thyroid gland Stimulates the
Stimulating secretion of
Hormone (TSH) thyroid
hormones
T3 –
Triiodothyronine
T4 - Thyroxine
Adrenocorticotr Anterior PG Adrenal Cortex Secretion of
opic Hydrocortisone
Hormone -Plays role in
(ACTH) stress response
- Increases
blood glucose
levels and
mobilizes stored
fat
-Reduces
inflammation
Melanocyte Anterior PG Melanin- Controls Skin
Stimulating producing cells Pigmentation
Hormone (MSH)
Luteinizing Anterior PG Sex Glands Stimulates
Hormone (LH) ovulation (F)
and secretion of
testosterone
(M)
Follicle Anterior PG Sex Glands Stimulates
Stimulating (testes & female egg
Hormone (FSH) ovaries) maturation and
sperm
production
Prolactin Anterior PG Mammary Stimulates milk
Glands production in
the breasts after
childbirth
Thyroid Thyroid Gland Throughout the Increase the
Hormone body body’s
 metabolic rate
Promotes
normal growth
and
development
Calcitonin Thyroid gland Bones Controls he
level of Ca in the
blood by
depositing it in
bones
Parathyroid Parathyroid Bones, Regulates
Hormone (PTH) glands intestines & Calcium levels
kidneys in the blood
Epinephrine Adrenal Gland Muscles and -Increases BP
blood vessels and metabolic
rate
- Increase blood
sugar levels
-Dilates blood
vessels
- Released
during exercise
Norepinephrine Adrenal Gland Muscles and Increases BP
blood vessels and heart rate
Constricts blood
vessels
Aldosterone Adrenal Gland Kidneys Regulates Na
and K levels in
the blood to
control BP
Cortisol Adrenal Cortex All tissues Metabolism
Response to
stress and
exercise
Melatonin Pineal gland Brain Regulates
(Suprachiasmati circadian
c Nuclei) rhythm (awake/
sleep patterns)
Prevents jet lag
Thymosin Thymus White blood Promotes the
cells growth and
development of
WBC helping
the body fight
infection
Insulin Pancreas Throughout the Regulates blood
body glucose levels
Increased
storage of
glycogen
Facilitates
glucose intake
by cells
Glucagon Pancreas Liver Stimulates the
breakdown of
glycogen
(stored CHO)
into glucose
Regulates
glucose blood
 level
Testosterone Testes Throughout the Causes sexual
body development
and growth
spurt
Maintain proper
functioning of
male
reproductive
system
Estrogen Ovaries Female Causes sexual
reproductive development
system and growth
Maintains
proper
functioning of
female
reproductive
system
Progesterone Ovaries Mammary Prepares Uterus
glands for pregnancy
Uterus
Prostaglandins Uterus Corpus Luteum Breakdown of
corpus luteum

(Luteolysis)
Erythropoietin Kidney Bone Marrow Produces red
blood cells
Gastrin Intestinal Stomach Acid secretion
Mucosa
 Secretin Intestinal Pancreas Digestive
Mucosa secretions
Cholecystokinin Intestinal Gallbladder Release of bile
Mucosa
Somatostatin Intestinal Intestine Inhibits acid and
Mucosa intestinal
secretions
4. Discuss how the pituitary gland regulate secretion of hormones of other endocrine glands
or organs.

5. Identify three methods of regulating the release of hormones.

6. Choose a hormone and use it to explain how negative feedback results in homeostasis.

7. Discus how excessive human growth hormone secretion causes hyperglycemia

a. Excess GH stimulates gluconeogenesis and lipolysis = hyperglycemia &
elevate free fatty acids

b. Leads to hepatic and peripheral resistance

8. Briefly discuss the following disorders:

a. Acromegaly

b. Cretinism

c. Myxedema

d. Rickets

e. Cushing’s syndrome

f. Addison’s Disease
g. Exophthalmic Goiter

h. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

i. Diabetes insipidus

j. Diabetes Mellitus