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Challenges Encountered by Post-COVID 19 Clients
Challenges Encountered by Post-COVID 19 Clients
POST-COVID 19 CLIENTS
mandatory quarantine, must be sifted through against and anger. Having inadequate basic supplies (e.g.,
the possible psychological costs. Successful use of food, water) during quarantine, was a source of
quarantine, as a public health measure reduces the frustration and continued to be associated with anxiety
adverse effects, associated with it. According to Smith and anger for months following release. Due to anxiety
(2020), COVI D-19 victims had an adverse about future food shortages, it is plausible that people
psychological effects, including post-traumatic stress will purchase packaged and long-life food rather than
symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stressors included fresh food. It leads to weight gain and to a reduced
longer quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, intake of antioxidants. Oxidative stress and mild
boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, chronic vascular inflammation are part of the
financial loss, and stigma. When quarantine is needed, pathophysiology of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
officials must quarantine individuals, provide a clear Diets rich in antioxidant food are vascular protective.
rationale for quarantine, provide information about Diet is associated with a reduction in incidence,
protocols, and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. prevalence, and mortality from coronary artery
disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and in all-
Dagnino (2020) cited that quarantine, or social causes mortality, including cancer.
isolation disrupts people's jobs, and lives immensely,
and hence, it may have important implications for their Pak et al. (2020) mentioned that as the spread of the
health and well-being. These measures lead the general virus is likely to continue disrupting economic activity
population to a high level of stress, psychological and negatively impact manufacturing and service
problems, fear of contagion, illness, and fear of industries, especially in developed countries, we
financial loss. Separation from loved ones, loss of expect that financial markets will continue to be
freedom, losing direct social contact, employment, volatile. There is still a question as to whether this
recreation, privileges, boredom, uncertainty over the unfolding crisis will have a lasting structural impact on
disease status, contribute to widespread emotional the global economy or essentially short-term financial,
distress. Indeed, the well-being implications of and economic consequences. In either case, infectious
quarantine were evident in previous outbreaks such as diseases such as COVID-19 have the potential to
SARS or MERS. After quarantine, hospital staff inflict severe economic and financial costs on regional
showed more acute stress disorders, and post-traumatic and global economies. Because of high transportation
symptoms. Among the population, anger and anxiety connectivity, globalization, and economic
were predominant, because of economic concerns with interconnectedness, it has been challenging, and costly
an increase in suicides. to contain the virus and mitigate the importation risks
once the disease spread in multiple locations. This
The results of the study of Escobar (2020), have shown warrants collective action, and global investment in
that there has been an increase in negative emotions vaccine development, distribution, preventive
during lockdowns, such as anxiety and depression, and measures, including capacity building in surveillance,
a decrease in life satisfaction. After a month of and the development of contact tracing at the national,
confinement, those who stopped working reported and international levels.
worse mental health, and distress. Because of the long-
lasting effects, it is highly relevant to enquire the COVID-19 is not only a global pandemic and public
actual psychological impact, and future concerns health crisis; it has also severely affected the global
during pandemic quarantine. Pandemics like economy and financial markets. Significant reductions
COVID-19, have a massive impact on the mental in income, a rise in unemployment, and disruptions in
health of people, including different feelings, and the transportation, service, and manufacturing
future concerns. Identifying these is very important in industries are among the consequences of the disease
taking measures, prevent or treat the psychological mitigation measures implemented in many countries. It
impact. has becom e clear that most go v ern m en ts
underestimated the risks of rapid COVID-19 spread
According to Mattioli (2020), the main consequence of and were mostly reactive in their crisis response. As
quarantine is a change in lifestyle and nutritional disease outbreaks are not likely to disappear soon,
habits. Nutritional habits will change due to reduced proactive international actions are required to not only
availability of goods, limited access to food caused by save lives but also protect economic prosperity (Pak et
restricted store opening hours, and to a switch to al. 2020).
unhealthy food. The psychological impact of
quarantine, reported adverse psychological effects, During the COVID-19 pandemic, people and families
including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, experienced a new and sudden situation that forced
surveys, describes, and interprets what is; and reveals a School and advanced Studies of UCU, the concerned
condition of relationship that exists or does not exist, Municipal Health Officer, and the respondents. The
practices that prevail or do not prevail, beliefs or researcher personally distributed, and administered the
points of view. The word survey indicates the data questionnaires to all respondents in Asingan,
gathering from place to place, and from group to Pangasinan.
group. Information is sought on current conditions,
communities, agencies and institutions. It also refers to Likewise, the researcher personally retrieved the same
the characteristics, status, or practices of individuals or questionnaires. The data obtained were kept
a particular group, Calmorin (1995).The descriptive confidential to ensure the highest degree of objectivity
method of research was used in the study. Good and of responses. The respondents were informed, and
Scates (1991) defined the descriptive method of oriented by the researchers regarding the purpose of
research as a method for gathering evidence relating the study.
the current or present conditions concerning the nature
of a group of persons, several subjects, or a class of Treatment of Data
events and may involve the procedure of introduction
an aly si s, c l a r i f i c a t io n , en u m er at io n of The following statistical tools were used to answer the
measurement. Gay (1976) defined descriptive research specific problems of the study. To determine the
as involving the collection of data to answer questions profile of the respondents, namely: age, sex, civil
concerning the current status of the subject of the status, highest educational attainment, occupation, and
study. health diseases, frequency counts, and percentages
were used.
Population and Locale of the Study
To determine the challenges encountered by the post-
The subjects of this study are the COVID-19 clients COVID-19 clients, weighted mean was used. The
who had undergone quarantine/isolation in the responses were categorized into five-point scale with
Municipality of Asingan, Pangasinan, from April 2020 corresponding numerical categories.
to June 2021 are the respondents in this study. The
researcher chose all 63 COVID-19 clients as Weighted Mean Transmuted Rating:
respondents in this study.
5 Highly Encountered
Data Gathering Tool 4 Encountered
3 Moderately Encountered
The research used a questionnaire checklist instrument 2 Slightly Encountered
specifically made explicitly for the study based on the 1 Not Encountered
constructed problems, writer's experiences, and
To answer specific problem number 3, on determining
observations as a medical front liner. It reinforced by
the difference between profile variables, the ANOVA
readings, informal interviews, and people’s
or t-test was used.
conversations. The questionnaire checklist was
evaluated by her adviser, Staff Nurse, and Medical
To answer specific problem number 4, on determining
Doctor. The suggestions were incorporated in the final
the relationship between the challenges encountered by
draft. The questionnaires were then finalized after their
post-COVID-19 clients, and their profile variables,
approval by the examination committee.The main
Analysis of Variance was used.
objective of the validation is to ascertain that every
question is clearly understood, and within the
experience of the actual respondents of the study. The Results and Discussion
questionnaire was validated by the Municipal Health
Officer and Public Health Nurse. This ensured that the
respondents did not find difficult in answering the Respondents’ Profile
questionnaire, and the data gathered would be valid
and reliable. Table 1 shows the profile of the respondents in terms
of their personal information, namely: age, sex, civil
Data Gathering Procedures status, highest educational attainment, occupation, and
monthly family income with the corresponding
Before administering the research instrument, frequency count (f), and percentage equivalent (%) of
permission was secured from the Dean of Graduate each bracket.
Age. It can be gleaned from the table that of most of 42.1%, college graduates, with 28, or 29.5%, and high
the respondents are in the age bracket of 18-59 years school graduates, with 25, or 26.3%. It implies that
old, with a frequency of 75, or 78.9%, followed by the most of them did not pursue their secondary education.
age bracket respondents are a combination of young, It is related to hardships in their lives, and they were
and middle adults. According to Ericson, those 60, and not able to continue it.
above, with a frequency of 13, or 13.7%, implies
young adulthood happens between eighteen, and forty Occupation. Most of the respondents were not
while middle adulthood starts at forty, and ends at employed, with a frequency of 49, or 51.6%. It is
sixty-five. followed by those employed with a frequency of 46 or
48.4%. It revealed that more than half had been
Sex. Most respondents are males, with a frequency of working.
56, or 58.9%, compared to females with a frequency of
39, or 41.1%. It implies that the male population was Monthly Family Income. It revealed the findings that
more affected by COVID-19. the most of the respondents are earning below P10,000
a month, with a frequency of 61, or 62.4%, while 14
Civil Status. Most of the respondents were married, had an income of P21,001-P30,000, with a frequency
with a frequency of 59. or 62.1%, and singles, with a of 14, or 14.7%, and P10,001-P20,000, with 12, or
frequency of 30, or 31.6%. It revealed the respondents 12.6%. It implies that most respondents earn way
were dominated with marital obligations. below the poverty line.
clients encountered challenges, and problems during COVID-19 Clients along Financial Aspect
quarantine, and isolation days. According to Brooks
Table 5 presents the Level of Challenges Encountered
(2020), quarantine is an unpleasant experience for
by COVID-19 Clients along the financial aspect. As
those who undergo separation from loved ones, losing
freedom, uncertainty over disease status, and boredom. gleaned from the table, all indicators were rated
The remaining nine indicators were moderately moderately encountered except for item 2, "Not
encountered by the respondents, with the lowest item buying nutritious foods," with a weighted mean of
number 6, "Lack of support from other people," with a 3.33, or moderately encountered. It revealed that the
weighted mean of 3.21, or moderately encountered. respondents perceived that they lacked the necessary
This revealed that this is the lowest rating because foods to take in the isolation facility. This is related to
healthcare workers attending them give their utmost the income they have, where it is not enough to buy for
concern to them. their needs.
Table 4. Level of Challenges Encountered by the post- Pak et al. (2020) mentioned that as the spread of the
virus is likely to continue disrupting economic activity
COVID-19 Clients along Social Aspect n=95
and negative impact on manufacturing and service
industries, expect that financial markets will continue
to be volatile. Significant reductions in income, a rise
in u n em p lo y m en t, and d isru p tio n s in the
transportation, service, and manufacturing industries
are among the consequences of the disease. This has
relation to the present study, where during the
pandemic, there were problems with the supply of
essential commodities. The remaining nine indicators
were moderately encountered by the respondents, with
the lowest item number 4, "Not paying my electric,
and water bills," with a weighted mean of 3.14. It
implies that the respondents did not focus on their bills
while in the facility, for them to recover from the
disease.
ANOVA Results on the Difference in the Level of by COVID-19, it creates emotional disturbances related
Challenges Encountered by Post-COVID-19 to the disease that, affects them. Aside from that when
Clients across Civil Statuses they are in the hospital, their financial capabilities
will also be affected since they cannot earn for the
family.
Table 10 shows the difference in the level of
challenges encountered by the COVID-19 clients
Table 11. ANOVA Results on the Difference in the
across civil statuses. The four computed F-values
Level of Challenges Encountered by the Post-
suggest insignificant results, as indicated in the
generated significance values, higher than the set .05 COVID-19 Clients across Highest Educational
level of significance. This means that the civil status of Attainment
the COVID-19 clients causes any variation in the
challenges they have encountered during their
treatment stage. The prevalence of COVID-19 is
vulnerable to all age groups regardless of their status.
The virus attacks anyone, significantly when the
immune system is lowered. Other reasons also include
the easy transmission of the virus. Mainly through the
respiratory system. The disease can be mistaken to be
a flu, and can be detected through laboratory
examinations of nasal discharges.
The computed F-values, along with mental, emotional Along with mental, and emotional health, clients
health, social, financial, and spiritual aspects, mean earning P10,000, and below claimed to have
that unemployed and employed COVID-19 clients encountered a higher levels of challenges than those
have shared the same challenges encountered. who earn P10,001-P20,000 monthly income.
A significant difference exists in physical health. The On the other hand, clients earning below P10,000,
significant positive mean difference; indicates that have encountered higher level of challenges along
financial aspect than those earning between P20,000
unemployed clients have encountered higher
and P30,0000.
challenges along the physical aspect, than the
employed clients.
Table 15. Scheffe Test Results on the Significant
ANOVA Results on the Difference in the Level of Difference in the Level of Challenges Encountered by
Challenges Encountered by the Post-COVID-19 the Post-COVID-19 Clients across Monthly Family
Income
Clients across Monthly Family Income
Significant results exist in mental, emotional, and Table 16 shows the relationship between the
physical health. The results of the Scheffe test are challenges encountered by the Post-COVID-19 clients
shown in the following table. and their profile variables.
relationship exists between the highest educational facts about COVID-19 for them to understand and
attainment, and monthly family income. The knowledgeable on the disease. They must attend to
significant negative R values indicate an inverse seminars/lectures in the health center about different
relationship. The lower the monthly family income, communicable diseases to be aware especially on the
and educational attainment, the higher the challenges transmission and prevention. (2)Health workers must
they have encountered in mental, and emotional interact with them and allay their fears and anxieties
health.
and by updating them on the progress of their disease.
Along with physical health, a significant inverse They must be aware that their condition is
relationship exists between occupation, and monthly communicable therefore inform them that they will not
family income. This implies that for clients who are worry for faster recovery
not employed, the lower their monthly income, the
higher the level of challenges they have encountered in Physical Health: Separation anxiety; No appetite to
physical health. eat; and Insufficient rest due to overthinking of
situation
Along the social aspect, no significant relationship
exists with any of the profile variables of the Activities: (1) Use of cellphones for them to talk to the
COVID-19 clients. As to the financial aspect, a family members. (2)Let family members buy them
significant inverse relationship exists between the
nutritious foods especially fruits for their Vit. C
highest educational attainment, and occupation. This
supply. (3) Provision of a quiet and conducive
means the lower the educational attainment, and
employment level of the client, the higher level of
environment. Putting off the lights when not needed\
challenges they have encountered in financial aspect. (4) Registration to TESDA and DSWD for livelihood
As to the spiritual aspect, a significant inverse programs fitted for them
relationship exists along the highest educational
attainment. The lower the educational attainment, the Social Health: Loneliness and isolation from the
higher level of challenges encountered, along family; Avoidance of my friends; and Loss of rights in
educational attainment. everything he wants
Table 16. Relationship Between the Level of Activities: (1)Interaction with the nurses or midwives
Challenges Encountered by the Post-COVID-19 (2) Use of cellphones if they can to reach out friends
Clients and their Profile Variables or anybody they want to talk to (3) Proper explanation
about their disease condition (4) Attendance to
socialization activities conducted by the barangay
their treatment stage. As to the financial aspect, the Duan, L. G. (2020). Psychological Interventions for People Affected
elementary, and high school graduates have by the COVID 19 Epidemic
encountered higher levels of challenges, than the
Escobar, K. (2020). Psychological Effects of Social Isolation Due to
college graduates, unemployed, and employed. Quarantine
COVID-19 clients have shared the same level of
challenges encountered in these areas. The Farinetti, A. G. (2020). COVID 19 Outbreak: Impact of the
Quarantine Induced Stress o Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Burden.
unemployed clients have encountered higher levels of
challenges along the physical aspect than the Faucet et al., (2013). Exploring the Use and Usefulness of
employed clients. Clients earning P10,000 and below Educational Resources Among Nurses During the First Wave of the
have encountered higher levels of challenges than COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
those who earn P10,001-P20,000 monthly income. The Fuentes, M. P. (2020). Threat of COVID 19 and Emotional State
lower the monthly family income, and educational During Quarantine: Positive and Negative Effect as Mediators in a
attainment of the client, the higher the levels of Cross Sectional Study of Spanish Population
challenges they encountered along mental, and Gay, L. R. (1976). Educational Research
emotional health.
Giubilini, A. D. (2020). Quarantine, Isolation and the Duty of Easy
Based on the findings of the study, the following Rescue in Public Health
Clients who are not employed, with lower monthly Hawryluck, L. (2014). SARS Control and Psychological Effects of
Quarantine
income, have a higher challenge encountered, along
with physical health. The lower the educational Jardine, J. (2020). The Challenges of COVID 19 and How to Deal
attainment, and employment, the higher challenges with Them
they have encountered in financial aspect. The lower Jeong, H. Y. (2020). Mental Health Status of People Isolated Due to
the educational attainment, the higher the challenges COVID 19.
encountered along with educational attainment. Based
Li, R. S. (2020). COVID-19 Patients' Clinical Characteristics,
on the conclusions offered, the following is given: The
Discharge Rate, And Fatality Rate of Meta-Analysis
respondents, at their age, must be aware of the facts
about COVID-19, to prevent the incidence of the Loyola, W. (2020). Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID 19 on
disease. In this way, knowing the disease will Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and
Recommendations
enlighten them, and lessen the effects among
people.The clients must be enlightened that Mattioli, A. V. (2020). COVID 19 Pandemic: The Effect of
COVID-19 affects anyone regardless of their status in Quarantine on Cardiovascular Risk
life and age group. The clients must refer to health Nasi, M. (2020) COVID 19 Pandemic: The Effects of Quarantine on
professionals in the health centers or any health facility Health. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Pak, A. et al., (2020). Economic Consequences of the COVID 19 Yuan, L. (2020) The Psychological Effects of Quarantine During
Outbreak COVID 19 Outbreak: Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Data
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Physiotherapy Efficacy Adaptation and Resilience