Learning chess

Step 3

Rob Brunia, Cor van Wijgerden

 Workbook Step 3

Name: · Date of birth:

Street: Place:

School: , Club:

Learned chess from: Chess trainer:

1st step completed: 2nd step completed:

-- - -------
Test Mix (2"d step): A

'
�iV
fj fj
:a.�:

2 Third step
Test Mix (2"d step): B

·. ·
:
;'·j
�
,,.� ·'. ·
J:\t>

��.
w
.

i
i.t.
i.
·, . !. · ,

·�
•

� · , · lD

[.:.i �--=-,..,

3
Discovered and double check
The discovered check is a
special fonn of the disco­
vered attack. The back piece
of the battery (Rc 1) is in­
directly aimed at the king.
The front piece will produce
a gain of material with l.
BbS+. The rook gives check
and the bishop attacks the
queen.
Doub1e check is a special
form of the discovered attack.
Now also the king is the
target piece.
Both the front piece (Be4)
and the back piece (Re 1) can
give check. With the
surprising move 1. Ba6 Black
is checkmated . The black
king cannot go ·out of both
checks.
4 Third step
The back piece in the dis­
covered check always gives
check. Because of the check
this attack is much stronger
in comparison with the
discovered attack.
In this position the white
rook is attacked. Thanks to
the discovered attack White
can ignore this attack. He
can win the queen with 1.
Nd7+.
Once 1. Bf6+ has been
played, both black pieces are
under attack. Nevertheless,
the white pieces cannot be
captured. After a double
check, only a move by the
king is possible.
Double check is therefore
suitable to chase the enemy
king in a mating net.
After 1 Kg8 White gives
mate with 2. Rh8#.
• ...
The front piece in a discove­
red check is not always
aimed at winning material.
An attack on a. square is also
a possibility.
White plays 1. Nb4+ and this
move forces the king to b8.
After that, the knight gives
mate on a6.
In this position a simple
discovered check does not
work because the bishop on
f3 is under attack.
White should choose the
double check with care: 1.
Nxb6+ Kb8 is not mate; the
knight on e5 protects square
d7. However, the other
double check delivers mate:
1. Nxc7+ Kb8 2. Na6#.
 � cp
'\]'\] \7"'\l
\7 .AWl
\7'. ' 'V
'V
·,
1% � ��,tp � \Ji 1:' �� ".a' ".a'
'
'V liJ =-�· 'V '\l. \7
\Ji 7 fi" 'V
l:r
'\]
00

\7'\1
"" ' "
\f ' )J, :_, \7 )J
'
' .).- \7
\7 \?1 "\ \?]l \] ,'l"
.. \7 'J
� -� - YJ
_, ·- '
1f ·r �·
T j;i
Y ' :·v- ._, 1: ' II
� ,ff{+. TF-! I
ep t: x:i
�� , \Jt:t(
'V�'V hi \7 \] \l \7 \l .-1. Mf.\l \7
'· .

!'V
··--.-,.
w f· l" : rv 'V
t
· � - ·' , \Ji ' [1'
.
1f I..-_-
T
' ' � . ' '
ni • Jif. f !(
'f/ :)��all� a1qnop pue paJaAo�S!C )i�eJJe a1qnoa
d<J/.\' P.I!IJ.l 9
� ml\ . ...
g · · '·.
: s:I�
v v
�
"'
. :
-..
��.. ...-. ' �-.
�v
f ·� gj•
'V': ei Sfl. ·v . � � \7!
1\?1 v �
v . Sl ., \1
�.-& ; :
.T
Cf>tr
rv�vv \1
� �\!
�
t�L��
t
�.
.•. � '
� . lJ tr ·� .· :g- <T>
. · l fj' 'tl. �J � . \7
·· �sJ' · · ·

:� v:fvf. , ::r :t :-,Gvs

. ··�
i
v
y :()f�all� a1qnop) OMl U! alew a,ew
Attack on a pinned piece
There are two pins in the dia­
gram.
On the left Black is in trou­
ble. The pinn ed bishop
cannot be protected and he
will be lost.
On the right, the pin is much
less dangerous. The bishop is
protected and White cannot
profit from the pin.
The bishop on d5 is pinned
to the square d8. Without the
bishop the white queen could
give check on this square.
White has to attack d5 once
more. The move 1. Bf3 has
no use, Black protects with
1. . Qf5. The proper attack
on the pinned bishop is 1. c4.
..
It is clever to attack with the
pawn as it is worth less than
the bishop.
The rook pins the bishop on
d6, which is protected by the
king. In order to make use of
the pin, White must mount a
second attack on the pinned
piece.
After 1. Lc5 the black bishop
is insufficiently protected and
the two-fold attack is success­
ful.
It is tricky that the front
piece in 'material+ material"
can move away sometimes.
When the back piece is a
queen, a rook or a bishop a
genuine battery arises,
making a discovered attack
possible.
White had better give up the
idea of 1. g4 because of 1 ...
.
Ng3+.
White increases the pressure
on the pinned knight with 1.
Rae2. Pinning to material
requires the same as pinning
on the king: an extra attack
on the pinned piece is
necessary.
The knight may be played
here and White must be
careful with the attack. 1.
Ra5 is poor because of 1. . . .
Nc4.
A special form of the attack
on a pinned piece is a combi­
nation of pinning and attack­
ing.
In the diagram the rook on
e7 is pinned, but the rook can
take the queen on e4. So the
pin is in fact useless. It is
quite different after 1. Ra7.
This pin has an appropriate
name: the cross pin.
Pin Attack on a pinned piece: A

8 Third step
Pin Attack on a pinned piece: B

9
Access and mating pattern

The black formation is not weakened yet . ln

order to win, White must undermine the
castled position. He does this by capturing
with the rook on a7.
White gains access to the black king by a
sacrifice.

The position on the right occurs after the

moves: I. Rxa7+ Kxa7 2. Qa5 mate.

On the left the defences of the kmg are

undennined in another way.
With l. Ng6+ White forces his opponen t to
open the h-file. Once again White gains
access thanks to a sacrifice.

The position on the right side occurs after the

moves: l. Ng6+ hxg6 2- Rh 1 mate.

In order to know whether you can succeed with a sacrifice, you must be able to recognize mating
patterns. If you know the mating pattern you can consequently go for it_ Here are some examples.

..
I
:
•••

10
Mate Mate in two (access): A

4 mating patterns with 2 rooks

4 mating patterns with queen and

bishop

11
 daJ!,' p-itlf_l ll
a: ·q?
�- ))
\I
9
do4s1q
pue )[OOl 41�.¥< swamd fimll!W t
-.
,. - !
�
-
·- -
j -�: 'II
\J
.
l �t ll
.. .. --' ..
SJ
y-�1.....
rv Y,; ... 1 . 'QJ ( ,l,ll
:
• l"�
��
'\] . r .
L� _1--� ·- :,/ -,- '\] 1
\!] ;,
- - ' ;- .
t
·]
��
�
ll('iJ!U)(

TT'-1�:':
pUll )[OOJ 41!•\\ SW;)Jll!d llUllllW j7
�- .If!
,, ·<·

[tt�� --r�- �l 1
'\1 '\] Mr. '\] - ·�
. .
hl 1 .• -w '\] . ., .
'V :i
:r
•--- ·-T

I
--- .. . �
. r. l T ·It
t
,
, , ' '
• •!' 3 -- :!'.
8 :(ssa��e) OMl U ! a lell\l a1ew
 El
'
._
I:rl"\?7� Cf> 1::
T \l.\I \l \l\l 1V
\l'7V \ll
'At, [;
.Jrc--..-.�
\l
T\1:; 1 T�
,!;. , " ''
----TT T
•
• . . .... '" -.'I .. X
SW:lJlP.d 8U!l'P.UI p
: ·cp· I:r ·-·� ,�L)_ �
� \l T 'V
\J,r:r:J \l TT
T "
_,..
'

17! ,-. I l:r

•
· mh I_
1:[
•
..L
•.. ·y 1V'
L...·�
..,___._ -
'I •
-
�- '·_.M
' :
� . 1:[ .tp � 1:: \J
'l!i
• ·''
:�� \?(1:[ I:r ) � !
\J r} .. r,-. , L._., ..
'V \l ,, Q( v'\] \l ·ri )j·�v ·!W 'r:;!:/ \1, \l \J
.mf.:\7 :�� \?( � '
. r;;; �\4\l
T\?T ·-w Y \l
: T
�� · ''
y
. �! { !:-·•"tc·! I
Sd04S!4 t 41!1>\ �W;)Jlll(J 8UI)UUI V
cp 1V
\1
T
-w
'
.T
:> :(ssa:l:le) OMJ U ! a 1ew 8JBIN
The square of the pawn
On the left we count two
squares ahead of the pawn on
a6 to the promotion square,
then also two squares to the
side of the pawn.
On the right we do the same
with the pawn on e5. Three
squares ahead and three
squares to the side.
The black king is in the
square of the pawn, but he
cannot stop the g-pawn
anymore. The white king
shoulders off the black one:
1. g5 (or immediate I. Ke5)
1 .. Kd5 2. Kf5 Kd6 3. Kf6
Kd74. Kf7 and the pawn
. .
can walk through unhin­
dered.
Shouldering off the enemy
king is a handy move in
pawn endings. In this way
you eliminate your strongest
opponent.
14
By counting in this way we
have determined the square
of the pawns.
The square of the pawn on
a6 are the coordinates a6-a8-
c8-c6 and the square of the
pawn on e5 are the coordi­
nates e5-e8-h8-h5.
On both sides the black king
stands outside the square of
the pawn. White to move
promotes to queen. If it is
Black's move, the king steps
inside the square of the pawn
and can stop the pawn.
The black king is in the
square of the pawn, but now
the pawn gets support from
his own king.
After 1. c6 Ke6 2. c7 Kd7 3.
Kb7 the white kings helps to
promote the pawn .
Supporting (helping) is
another way to eliminate the
enemy king.
In this diagram the king is
inside the square of the pawn
(b4-b8-f8-f4), but will not
capture the pawn. His own
pawn is in the way so that
the king must make a detour:
1. bS KeS 2. b6 Ke6 3. b7
Kd74. b8D.
We can see at a single glance
if the king is in the square of
the pawn or not.
From the pawn we lead a
diagonal to the other side in
the direction of the enemy
king (square f8 in this case).
There we find the upper
comer of the square.
So the square is f8-f5-c5-c8.
The black king is just
positioned outside.
Third step
Pawn ending The square of the pawn: A

') ?
;'
-- ,.,.·
_,.------r

..,, /�
.
_

, ("
, , .,

.
,

?
�

,:11 .
___ ,
___ ,

___

15
Test Repetition: A

16 Third step
Test Mix: C

[!:,
Jl
�
X

!.
�·-: �"""-"

.I
.i.
'
Elimination of the defence

Capturing

If the knight were not on c6 White could checkmate with l. Rd8.

The knight is therefore an important defender. After l. Bxc6 the
square d8 is no longer protected so that after 1. . . bxc6 2. Rd8
can be played. Of course, Black does not have to pennit check­
.

mate; he can create a flight square for the king with 1. ... g6. A
piece is then lost, however.

We call this combination capturing+ mate.

The square h7 is attacked twice and defended twice. The knight

on f6 protects against mate on h7.
With a sacrifice 1. Rxf6 White can capture the defender. since
after 1.... gxf6 the square h7 is no longer sufficiently protected
and mate on h7 can follow. Here again, Black does not have to
recapture, but in that case loses a piece.

Capturing+ mate: White captures the defender in order to give

checkmate.

Luring away

The white rooks could give mate

on c8 and e8 if the bishop were not
on e6. The bishop protects c8 and
obstructs the way to e8. After the
move 1. ReS+, Black must take the
rook and White can give mate on e8.
The defender has been lured away by
a rook sacrifice.
We call this combination: (luring) away+ mate

Chasing away

White has a strong attack along the g-file. Unfortunately he can­

not give mate on g7, since the knight on e6 is defending. With 1.
d5 White chases the knight away and can now checkmate. If
Black plays 1 . . . . g6 to prevent mate, White wins a knight.
(Chasing) away+ mate: a defender is chased away in order to
give mate.
Luring away takes place by means of capturing or a sacrifice,
chasing away by an attack on an undefended piece or a piece with
a higher value.

18 Third step
Elimination of the defence Capturing + mate: A

tLS iL I

I � cj �
I
I�
cj
L ----

I
-- -- --
• 'ii'.i� •

. , ' .! i tv .t i i I
' ittJ � .I .t , ,
I
LS cj cj
tD �cj
iY cjcj t,
� j!J ��cj
1
i

I cj cj cj
I .M L_ � nn -

.! .�.� .i�·
'' i�.t .t. tv i I
�''�' '
tD .t !
I
cj i I
� tD� :cjttJ ��cj
�cjcj cjcj cj 'iY cj tDI
1!! � l1 --� �--�

J<)
 d.JJ.\ p.ifL/_[ 0(
I
'!
I
I
.
.- --,- -- fl I cp
_·I l:! lfil
I
, r----1 r --. 1
vtf>v fJ I 'Sl \l J �, LV V i lv v I g '\/
' ' F2
....,!_ I
\l I I \l
j- I fl
\?7
"" • \?7 �
_l__j
��
'. , - -- ' [ Yhm
I
L_,_
• ' 1 YT
i
• 1:
l_jI •
-- 1
L � l:r • -� �J 1. .
i �--.�·-
__
1

1CF \l \l
AWt :tp l ! \l
; �l
�i�J
\l � L_ I A!r. � \l
I- -·1
I' I�
\?7 -- \J � - -1 I \?7 f
• :_ i! - . -- ·- - ]_ :\tl L ""
r

[ �I-
'. - I_ J � J JL g � l__:l' . J
! •
�
I I • . . . rl r •�
�:
l!_
I
� � L - - I tf>l:
t·
-� _iL 1:
I \?7 I
I;J
v . I? . \l v I !ltf..vv
u
r
1T v g \l vi v \?7
1 ;iv v
- -�-"' [_'_ -· ___
\l v I I_ _ \l ! .J__. _ � \l
;m..� _L '�
•
, ., r ]
Hff.. '' ' I I
I
.� I 'I � I
L1 - I ., I el • �
- wl
� -,-; -
� �
1 cp --ft-
ICF L__' :�-· -­
�
I lv v v vvv v
\l� To
�1
� \l
\l \l \l \?7
' I
�-
' m; "' ' '
-,,r
' ' '' ' g
,. � L�--· _j e1 • �
\;/ :atew + l..eMe 6u!J01 a�Ualap a41 !0 UO!teU!W!I3
Eli m ination of the defence C has i ng away + mate: A

--:---1
• I .I .t. �·
--- - - ---

•• _g ••• i i i i �!I
.i .t. 'tV i.t. �I
I
iL8 8 �
8
8 88 8
Jt lLJ- a. �
�
8 8
8
8
�
� _

I I • •
• i..ti
• i i
8 �8 �
8
� 8
(jlLJ �� 8
�� a.

E �I •
--

� I
i tt:J i i
8
[� � 8
� 8w
8 iL
'Fi'
�--... �

21
Defe n d i n g agai nst the double attack

The double attack by the queen is a dangerous offensive weapon. However, in some cases there are
possibilities to mount a defence.

LL ___ _

Interposing+protecting .�oving away+ protecting Capturing (exchanging)

The black queen gives check
and also attacks the bishop
(king+ material).
White defends with 1. Rf4.
Both black pieces arc threa­
tened by the white queen.
Black plays his knight to d6.
He defends by moving away
Black threatens both mate on
fl and the rook on g5. With
1. Qxf4 White exchanges the
queens and after 1. . . Rxf4
he prevents checkmate on fl
.

He is no longer in check and in such a way that the bishop

the bishop is defended by the is defended. by 2. h3.
rook.

Counterattack

I
Lx_
Attack on the king Attack on material Attack 011 a square

The white queen attacks two The queen threatens mate on The white rook and bishop
pieces. Black can save them c8 and attacks the rook on arc in trouble. With l. Rdl
by giving check. He can b 1. Black has a iinc defence White can threaten mate, so
choose between: in l. ... Lb7 after which the that Black has no time to
I . Bb5+ queen is pinned. capture the bishop.
1 . . Rd8+
. ..

An unfortunate choice would

l .. Rg3+ be l. Rc I, since l. ... Qxb5
..

. .

will follow and White cannot

give mate.

22 Third step
 £Z
�-· � g
vv v
v
Ait.l
g '\j
• •
l
I Cfl 1:1 'U :'U
v v f@:. \] v� �\]
"tl:r
\!} \] v • [ ltft:. v v
vi v 1m '\],
\!} �
'
,.,., A!f.
., .
·T -�
. ---;� 1;1 II
.
,-
�� \!( y � \!( � j_l I
_ _

l
vvv hYf. 1 lv v AW. � v I v v l:fv _[' v v
\!} v I ; \1 j \!} . \!} 1m.
• :r _ v �' 1 �- .L g v + _ r v v
I,, . v \!J
.1
Ait.T \1 I_
T �
t.
T T" ,,
TT TT : T ,, , ,-
• •�__j •" 'I �--..
�L- �
�·-- 1
� ·j -� � -· ��-
l:r ---I -11- l!f.l i� g l:r
fv v r � \] v v v · vv
vv \!}'] \!J Im v
T r hYf. \?
,, .
• hi.,,
'I •
y :)l�ene a1qnop e JSU !e6e 6u1pua�aa 6u1pua�aa
 da1s P"'!lf.L Pl
. ,.
-.-.
I cp � I� Mi J j I \!7
'V . r 'VI
AW. r J � "P I
'V"P 'V l!r
' .
-
\7 \?? 'V 'V 'V J i
1
i L__,.
·C?f 'V 'V '
'Vf! I I_J _L 'V i
l
f l . [ '
C?f� I
L
I
\??
'" L �I ' '
'

.
•. ' . .!. I i e1 � 'I I . ��
fl
' • hi
F:
��--- r
'V � l!r ·� � 'V"P
'V 'V\!J
� T 'V _j ''V
[ 'V 'V 'V\Sf
'" j,-, '
T '[ �' • '
....
_ ...._ _
. ...
�,_j
�-
l!r
�
'V
'V
C?f'
1.--J
' -:, Hit.
·•r �. ... 'I
-.---��
cp (cp 'V
. \7 'V fi,�· � 'V 'V
\??
I
• ....._. .
'/ :U OIJeJdWal (uaanb) )i:>ene a1qnoa
)l
. '
tp 1:r tp 1::-�- ' l:t· I tp l:r � 'J!I
vv�'fl v !vvv \!Jvv I 1V v � vv
!
v \!J v v l ' \!:; v
. .--- �� l-___�
_..1 '------ . v
I v �
� v'
tpl:[ � Ei
v� v v \?
v\!J v
-
-�
\!JY
� '
• . . ,
y·y y T T -
•• h1f. :1
l:r
�
_,
v
v I
� v
,�
T y·y
!'
��
-.--
-
If-
l:rl
�� -tp- 'U .--� Hi+. 7f - 1:[ ,,l
,vvv � vv ;vvv L vv v '\Jcp � J v
'
! \!:; � \!:; [ L \!) ] \!:; . I vv � r v
._
V r I r �
�T
[J
v ' 1---J -j �---- v
y. y � Y!
.Y T y • _j y �·
L • -:�--l_L� 1L '-�- -
•�x --
• Mt. T. !'
V :aJnJ:>nJJS UMed S,JU8 UOddo 841 6U ! U8)1B8M U Bid ! U ! W
Draw

Insufficient material

On the left White has a knight and Black a bishop. Neither player
can force checkmate.
On the right White has a two knight advantage, but still cannot
force checkmate. Although it is possible to checkmate with two
knights, but then the second player must play follishly.
Draw through insufficient material:

®�· <t>��·
�tt:J�· �ttJttJ�·

Perpetual check

On the right White can move the king to b I. but the black queen
can give check on d l . We then get l. Kbl Qdl+ 2. Ka2 Qa4+.
etc. This could go on forever; in chess we usc the name perpetual
check.
On the other side White keeps giving check on g6 and h6 without
the black king being able to escape. Tf you arc behind in material,
or you arc in danger of losing. perpetual check can provide a
rescue!

Perpetual attack

White is behind in material on the left-hand side, and is thus

happy with a draw. Black rescues his rook with 1. . Rb8, White
..

responds with 2. Qc7 and the rook must return to a8. White forces
a repetition of position.
On the right, White is also do\\-n in material. He again is lucky to
draw. The threatened black queen has to move to h8, and White
pursues here with 2. Ng6 . Draw by repetition of position.

Agreement

Although both sides are equal in material. Bl�ck seems to be in

better position, since the king has penetrated white's position. But
what must black do now? White continues to move his bishop
from f7 to g8. A draw is agreed upon since neither player can
expect to win.
Beware: lt is only allowed to offer a draw if it is your move. You
play a move and you offer a draw.

26 Third step
Draw Perpetual check: A

I
f !:!:,

I
L
;e:
I
�--· ---=--

• •

'lW
t!:,tjj
t!:,fj � t!:,fj
t:jj _ __1t � l:.i

27
Draw Stalemate: A

•
8
!

•
i
• i
i 8
i: W!i �
8

28 Third step
Draw Mix: A

� , .
,I---
I I •
i
�
I

IL !lW • .,­
' .t '''
' � '�
fj �'_,___,�
__. ��
fj
�,

fjl:iJ
�fjfjfj
A___ � :g---"'�'-'-----'

I fj
fj lfj fj
____.,__'-'---- :g :g

29
X-ray
The rook on cl gives check
and the enemy king must re­
treat. The rook on c8 is lost.
The attack by the white rook
works right through the king,
like an X-ray, thus the appro­
priate name is X-ray check.
l i. i.
The rook attacks the bishop
on b7. If this bishop moves,
the other one will come
under attack. Here we have
an example of an X-ray
attack, not on the king, but
on other pieces.
The rook attacks less valu­
able pieces. In this position it
is essential that the bishops
are not protected. Front and
back piece cannot protect
each other.
30
1:.1
- •.
The attack by the bishop
works through the king to the
knight, which will be lost.
Sometimes the X-ray check
needs support from one of its
own pieces. It is essential
that the back piece is not
protected.
_j
The queen must step aside,
after which the knight on e7
is under attack: an X-ray
attack. The rook looks right
through the queen. He has
two vital helpers in this posi­
tion: the bishops. One is pro­
tecting the rook and the other
is attacking the knight. The
knight is not protected well
enough after a move by the
queen.
i
=::...J
On the left White wins the
exchange with 1. Bb5+.
The rook is worth more than
the bishop.
In such a position it doesn't
make much difference
whether the back piece can
be protected or not by the
front piece.
On the right Black wins
material thanks to the X-ray
check. Not a whole queen
because the king can protect
the queen with 2. Kg4.
Thanks to the X-ray possibi­
lities of pieces like queen,
rook and bishop the X-ray
works well with other com­
binations.
In the diagram White plays
1. Bd5+ and he delivers a
double attack with the bis­
hop. Because of the black
queen the bishop is protec­
ted.
The name: X-rayprotection.
Third step
Double attack X-ray check: A

• •

.i•.t.� .t. E •
-

.t..t..t. � .t..t.!
.t. ,E .t.
I
.t..t. � I .t. .tt:J
� ... � � I�
� I g � ttJ
��� ��� ·� �� I � ���
I

tt � ��tt:J.:l ----
1:1 __j -
1:1
-

E ..t.i 'iV
-- ---
--
-
----
-

,---.!
• .t. .t � •
.t .t .t
�· .ttt:J
� � �
� � �I � � �
� �� � �
1:1
__ -
� -�- �

..t E 'it' : � ..t • •

--- -
�--- --

• .t .t. .t I
.t E �.t
.t�'fli ��
tt:J� .t
� I �
ttJ �� �� �� .s �
!! ------
�
�- --
I � �-�

31
 d,J,,. p.11lfl Zt:
�- 'l:' ' --
�-- 1:'. --
_
�v �cp vv r v v
v� . 1

�·
rv v \?7
T� v I v
I v
\?7,
"hl ' i '.'- ­ . ,
.-
, I L....:....J
, I - ' T ,�, _I
• -+ �. � "
i ' � I tf
r-r L ti--cp- : I�( --�· � C?7 III
\!( \J \J \J lv � v v v \J v' � V _L V V
I
l I
I
t
� \?7 ' v\?7 l v I \?7
\!1
v
�
·-
.
I I - L_ f�
- r
L-----" l ['I
-, " " -L r-·''
L '
,I, T
I
'' li' T � 'f � r' "' - ,.,1
el • X I 'II ..x•-"' • � I__ .. L• --
---
I I
�
,-
�l:I l 1:' •
I
vv v v l vv \?7 v
� I __I v
-�L
·-·r 1:'
"
-'.�L: : �L�--
[jry'
�-
�-�- ·
·- -
L. X -,.1 I -l_j • L• __L r_l X
- - T
I_' T '
•L• I I
'I : )i�ene �eJ- x )i�ene a1q noa
Test Repetition: B

�
.t tt:J .t
8
tt:J8 �
88 [:, [;:j
ri; 'it'

�I

iV .i . .
.t ��
.t �

ttJ 'iY 8 ;
88 8
8 ��8
� l:t.S
- --

!
I

8 1
8 I
ttJ �J

33
Test Mix: D

.�� I •
-- -
.a •
-- - -

ii.t. �' 'il 'if ' '' ,,

� � � I I

� tZJi¥
fj fj :fj fj fj
fj fj � fjl fj fjfj I fj
1J.
- -
--
tZJ�
--
-
- w� ct; I

•
�
•
-
-

I
---

�4 i &I
& !

• •

c
'

lz .t. •
' & �
• ' '
�

'W!Jfj 8. l fj'fli
ib
fj

fjfj
I.
�
ifjfjil,
Jbfj
fjfj
��--.!...
[\,[\, >i< £1\,j
..._j g �w --- ---
�

34 Third step
Test Mix: E

• I
.I

Jl.

�� �I
�

--
�� I
---

li 'tW E*
.t.A ltl.t.t.
' '' '
ltl� tZJ.t. '
�Jl. � ltl £.
£, tD
�� lWJ � � � i� � lWJ �� �
� -- -:
--
�·� Ln_ � �

35
Defend ing against the pin
The black queen i s pinned to
the king by the bishop. With
1. ... Nd6 Black moves his
knight between the bishop
and the queen. The pin is
made harmless by:
interposing
� �
_
_g� __j
_ _ __
The pinned black rook is
about to fall. Black can save
himself, however, with the
intermediate check 1. ...
Qg6+. After the king's move
to hI, Black moves the rook
away.
The pin is made hannless by
a counterattack, in this
position on the enemy king.
Defending against a pin by:
36
l
The black rook is in an an­
noying pin against the king.
By taking the bishop with the
knight the pin is removed.
The pin is made harmless by:
capturing
The pin on the knight on d5
is problematic. By threate­
ning checkmate on e 1 with 1.
... Re8, the pin can be
removed. Attacking the
bishop with 1 .. Rb8 is also
. .
a defence, but less forcing.
The pin is made harmless by
a counterattack, on a square
or on material.
• interposing
• capturing
• moving away with protecting
• counterattack on the king, material or square
• counterattack by a discovered attack
The knight is pinned and is
attacked twice. With 1. . ..
Nf6 Black saves his knight,
removes the pin and protects
his rook.
The pin is made harmless by:
moving away with protecting
_gi, ��
- -- -�- ___L - - �
-
The bishop on d5 is in
danger. White threatens 2.
Bf3. But Black is to move
and since the rook on d2 is
unprotected he can defend
himsel f with the move l. . . .
Bxg2+.
The pin is made harmless by
a counterattack, in this case
by a discovered attack.
Third step
Defend ing Defend ing against a p in: A

• • .I • .l i• •
.t..t.� � .t. .t.[
.t. �.�.
.t.
8 I
CiJ 'fi�
, �8� 8�� 88 .
=

= ll:i
'----- --- -
� � �:...
� ....::=:___
·= - �_:____:__ .:. � _j

.I • I • .i• �
.t..t. .t..t..t.
� ' �
..t
� CiJ � �
CiJ� CiJ8
8 ��8 �� if8�8 g��8
� ,,&l
_
, -�
ll� � _j
__

� i: • �-
.l A .t..t..t. .t..l A
:!
�
!'it'� 8
Ill .t.
b� I
'fi � CiJ �I
I
I
�
8 81
I
��
I ��- 1;1 �

•
Defending Defending against a pin: B

. �-- .
.i.�

� �
I
� ii � I
� 'iVlLJ ��
_ : J

• • �
'if

6 �
� :
ttJ 'i¥ �
� � �� ttJ ��
� � _tt:J�

... ·��
'���'- - �llI r-
A
-
- A .t.
lLJ
(_', �
I �
� � ��
�- '=---'-�
- - -� j -

38 Third step
Mobility

On an empty board the queen in the centre can move to no less than 27 �quares; from a corner she can
still go to 21 squares. On a board with more pieces this will never be possible: the opponent controls
some squares and its own pieces can be in the way. The mobility of a piece depends on:
• its place on the board (by preference not on the edge or in the corner)
• the number of enemy pieces
• the presence of one's own pieces and pawns

•
'
it!J [!J
[jjit!J �

� I
[!J -- � J

We take a look at the mobi­
lity of the pieces:
:'\laS: poor due to the position
on the board (tempora­
rily)
'\b3:poor due to enemy
pawns (temporarily)
Bt3: poor due to one's own
pawns which arc in the
way (permanent)
Bg7: poor due to one's own
pawns which are in the
way (some future via f8)
The black king and the rook
on h8 are in bad shape. They
cannot play a single move.
Also the bishop on h6 cannot
be played. Yet, there is a big
difference: the bi�hop is very
active because he controls
two pieces.
Although Black is two ex­
changes up. his position is
bad.
The knight on b7 can jump to
c5. It would be much better
there than on b7. White to
move notices this and plays
1. b4!
Suddenly the knight has no
future. because jumping to
d8 and f7 is no improvement.
The white bishop can no lon­
ger go to b4. That is a pity,
but closing in the knight is
more important.

You can trap enemy pieces
with little mobility. In the
upper left part, Black traps
the knight: 1. . .. Kb7.
In the bottom left part, the
knight will be lost after 1.
Kbl. On the right, the bishop
is protected, thus the attack
with a piece of less worth is
sufficient: 1. . .. f4.
• ,-.--­
'' , ,' ' ' �
� �' '�--·�..--�
{jj{jj 'iV
' '
[!J [!J [!J[!J
'if . � [!J [!J
�
_Jd _.,__�··�- g _j
In your own games it is use­ Sometimes it seems that you
ful to look for a piece of your cannot trap a single piece. In
opponent that has few this position you can easily
squares to go to. You must attack the queen but she still
take care that: has 6 squares to go to. All
• you attack this piece these squares are positioned
1h
• you control all squares on the 5 rank. A line piece
where the piece can go to like a rook can attack the
In this position White traps queen and control all squares
the black queen with 1. Nc6. with one move: 1. Rb5.

39
Mob ility Trapping: A

� - -: i�-
.t..t. .t.
.t. £j .t.
/j�ttJ� ttJ
�: � u
f\

� £j �
rJ] I i

l:! =---o

�------
·� • .I !.�
- -· --

• I •
.t. .t..t..t. .t. .t. I
.t. WI It\ ltl/t\.t.
� .t. .t.
� .t.
� � i .t.
�ri; � � �lt\£!J � ttJ �ttJ�
�� � � M_fj � �/j/j
•

l::t :a.
--- � ttJ I;1 :a.
---�--
� ��
�- - -

.� .
.t..t..t.l
It\
�
jI
£j
� � £j I
�fjttJ !jfi
:a. ri;

.I :ilt\ �· ..t
-

.!• •
--,

.t. ·� .t..t..t. .t. .t. ij �"I

.t. I .t. ..t ; ..t
.t.�/t\ £j It\ I .t.
£j It\ b £j
r:
I� �·
!
fjttJ �:!,fj I ttJ � :!. £j
� £j /j/j /j�/j �: I £j �� �
1:. 1:<;it l:a. � � <;it �ttJ :a.
- -�- ·-··---- -·- ' ··- ��- - ��--

40 Third step
Iv
'
-�

' 1J'
,,
.
: CF> -�tr� � _,___, Cf> !Iff. II ltr · � L' tr
-
. vv
I \7 rv \7 rv v \7 v 9vvv hi. )) C?7
'
T � I L-._J L \!J C?7 !Iff. v
\7 ·� - v T I v Jv
v T C?7 9 Hif..i 'Q -
' . ., ' .
'�'· � , ., '' .
'! x T • l r �� 'i T.
-
---
-
!l::t � .. -r y- -� f1I-
\7 Cf>C?i vv -.-
�!ft.. vv1 v vi
T . � v C?7 ' Iv C?7 -vFr
____ L- ._-
,_J_Lvv v v j_- 'I I cp
v ))
' ' '
. ,
• 'i 'il • I I
--------
'-.- �� -cp
=-c-,, �� -.�
!Iff. v hi. vv9 v
C?7 )) v C?I'W C?7 !Iff.
C?7 v
r.:/
v' �
., 15 , u ' TT
-i ' ..--.
'' • '' 'l •
_
_ X_
, _____,
•�x--""'= T_� '-..J� '� ��
� --�-- [ Cf)-..�l:I��-�� -ltl
'�-�-
Cf>I:r - � �
vv � v v 'V· v C?7 Cf> v ! vv _J- C?7 vv
\!J v 'W v v
l
-r
..:.....J
vv� � ' '
'r 9 .
'
I' T y
• '�••
a :6U !ddeJ.1 ��!I!QO IN
Key squares
The standard winning
position.
1h
The king is on the 6 rank
front of his pawn. The king
also may stand on d6 or f6.
White always wins!
White to move:
Kf6 Kf8 2. e6 Ke8 3. e7
1.
Kd7 4. Kti Kc7 5. e8Q.
Black to move:
1. ... Kf8 2. Kd7 Kti 3. e6+
Kg7 4. e7 Kf6 5. e8Q.
If the white king stands on
one of the marked squares,
White wins. For the pawn on
b2, these are the squares a4,
b4, and e4. For the f5-pawn,
the squares are e6, f6, and
g6. The squares on which the
king must stand in order to
win are called key squares.
It is not important who is to
move.
Be aware of the difference!
The key squares for pawns
th
on the 5 rank or higher are
directly in front of the pawn.
42
If the king is on the sixth
rank in front of his own
in pawn, White also always
wins.
White needs only to move
the pawn forward in order to
reach the position of the
previous diagram.
The key squares for the d4-
pawn are: c6, f6, and e6. The
white king must thus first
occupy one of these squares.
This can be accomplished by
1.Kd5! Black must move
with the king: 1. ... Kc7 2.
Ke6 Kd8 3. d5. The king
remains on a key square. For
th
pawns on the 5 rank they
are directly in front of the
pawn.
3 Ke8 4. d6 Kd8 5. d7
• ...
Kc7 6. Ke7.
-.�I
Before moving the pawn for­
ward, the king must occupy
the sixth rank.
After 1. Kf6 victory is sim­
ple.
A poor move is 1. f5, since
after 1 . . Kti, White can no
. .
longer win. See for yourself:
2. f6 Kf8!
The king must move straight
backwards! Remember this
move!
3. Ke6 Ke8 4. ti+ Kf8 with
a draw.
White's king occupies a key
square. How to continue? On
1. Kg6 follows l. . . . Ke5.
With the pawn on f4 the key
squares are e6, f6 en g6.
After 1. f4 Kti White calU1ot
occupy one of these key
squares. But after 2. Kf5 he
again gains control over one.
Have a look: 2... Kg7 3.
.
Ke6 with an easy win.
Third step
Pawn end ing Marking the key squares: A

. -··· · · .

43
Pawn end ing Key squares: A

44 Thirdsrep
A pinned piece is not a good defender
In the diagram the knight on
d7 is pinned and cannot
move. Without this ab i l i ty to
move, the knight cannot
carry out its protection of the
bishop and the queen can
simply capture the b ishop.
A pinned piece is not a good
defender. That is espec i a l ly
the case with a pin to the
king .
The rook on g 7 is pinned to
the k i ng by the bi shop on c 3 .
H e cannot play a s ingle
move.
White profits by playing 1 .
Qh7 mate .
A piece which is pinned to
the king cannot cany out its
protective function.
The bishop on g7 is pinned.
White takes advantage of
this by p laying 1. Rxf6 .
B lack can recapture with 1 .
. Bxf6 but loses a piece
after 2 . Rxg8.
..
In case of pinning to material
there is a choice: not to take
or to lose the back p iece. In
this position it makes no
d i fference. Black will lose
material anyway.
A l l types of the double attack
are taking advantage of
pinned pieces.
Pinned p ieces or pawns
agai nst the king cannot
defend at a l l .
In the diagram White w ins
the queen with the knight
fork: I . Ne5+.
When a piece is pinned to an
important square it is a great
deal restricted in his
functions. White can win the
bishop w ith 1. N xd5 . B lack
cannot recapture with the
c-pawn because of 2. Q c 8
mate. Th�: c-pawn i s thus
pinned and i s unable to ful fi l
its protection on d5.
Pinned pieces (and pawns)
are not good defenders.
The three types of the pin
(pin, attack on a pinned piece
and a pinned p iec�: i s not a
good defender) can be com­
bined into one.
White profits with I. d5 by
pinning the e-pawn and at
the same time attacking the
pinned bishop. White w i ns a
ptece.
d<JJS P.J.!LU 917
cp � tr
cp
v � )] v
v p:rv
v \!J
�
\!J · J_u _!_ � l�
!J ..
r
' · � "J
� _! � "J � __j
v v
v T
I
r� v ,-.
l:r
� '
�
r:p· . ' . l:f i l:r
i- v v � I_ v
I \!J
�I ..J L \?i \1
V ' T � �,�
'
' \!J

�J
,l [J_' �� �
'
�
w
• 1i l" J ' '
i;,i,

�� � · - o , . ,
' l:r ' • ' � ' T '1! � ' 11
I I •
I I T r • _ �J .r �•
J:rl 1:% . �
fK+. v � \!J v
v " ' v
�,
' v
\!J "J
" �
' '� 1 "' � r , .,
'• L. ----C. - ...-. �
'-l - ...1.'I •l
y :u1d e ot S)IUellt atew Uld
<( ri · ii1 c <J -€0/ r • ...� ®liD <J I ... <J I_ II ... I <J
� �.-L <J , --,L�� . _r <J -€0 . ... � <J iJO r. ... c- J <J -BIDI
�
�
�....
L
� �
... <J
.
• _[
..
Q
- '.--L_
lU] I
j
1' ... � L <J
• � -�J

_ ._
l1j _jr

I I•
4'
j ... Q <J
l1
ll • ... - [
I_ � _l
Q <J
l1
Q)
I' . 1 ... Cl <J ®liD 1 IL Cl ®liD <J I
I
� ! • -·�T � <J ®liD -�� I '� ... . _ r 1 Q <J l --
_ 0�� � <J 1. I � �� ��
g I_ ... � <J � ... r· <J ----�� ... r � I [_I <J
,
� L_
T _ � -
-\
L i--t I r I 1 • . ...1 � L _ <J � ��
: 1 • ... n r <J l1
, _ L--
<J
_ _ _
I __ 1

J
C) <J
co
0
-
�
� n 8} _ <J -.--i ;- ... r <J !� ... -;
�, <J � - ... ,_, - - .r
• il ... -aj <J -ej -ill � �C <J iJDI 1 - ... Cl- - : Q <J<J -BID
-
, ., _
�
Q)
C..

�-- �...c'- I <J ..go

�
_1
1

-
r

<J l lll]
l. � Cl
... Cl
...
I__
I
-
�
<J I . - -' ___; I ®ro
�I
,-- . 1 I� �
I ... --,
I

_
l1
-�
-g [ � -au{ � Q I � • ®liD
_ _ ___
_
I I -1 lU]
I" '
� <J � :. _I I .... <J ®liD . ... .� '- � <J<J I � � <J
I
i- I
J
I I
' ... I
<J ... r . <J I
-
c.. .
f r I I
-
...
I I [.;f • ..._ l._ <J DjJ <J _ I ... .
-
< I 1 - � \ • __ ___ '. �
•
�- <J �� I l1 ... �- - I <J
. ...1,_ 1 � <J -Bo �- - l1 -Bo . ...1.--- l- <J i}O
,_
'
_i
... <J l1 . � ... . ... . � Q <J
-
I
r• <J I
� � ... <J CI l1
M � ... Q T l1 r
4' � ... l1 r
... c- <J - r- ... -
i�-
1 <J
: l � -
<J
c: ... <J -
1 ... ·oeJ ... ®liD <J
I -
Q. ,--- - l� !:J. � • �� - .-� � � <J J • � � -. <J
daJs PA! If.l 8t
I 1
- 'I "'l
ll � �� r--' � ll -, [11 (;f -.-cp
'V v v _L \!) [ v J [ v
r-
'
\!)
v �v i vv v
_J L_t. __k_j_
�
'v v
--�_ul
T
v
I
\!:; v 1$' -
L "
... ·� " " hi+. 'I
�-
� - L � . A!+. T -X '1 1: _. I •
., y·y>- ·1 t" :
1- J;I • tr
Q • • v
!11 0 � -·�-;; 1/ v. � v
r . 1 1 1 L \!J

� -] 11l 1
vi 1$' '1 v
·v � ��
I � l .
I
1 , 1 hl , . "
1: IY • . I Yl I . 'YI ·y· Y IY I -, T T Y .
.r • "� .
.. lf - � - � 1 ..- i
l tr �y Cf> II � �
I
Ll l J
v �� v 1$' vi [ \7 L. 1- .
v
Q u 1$' I
vv� vv
_I L__j \7 I \!J
,
·
[ . I - _I.._
v v
v
v _II _! [ I V:J J
� " :! \!J T
' 1-J "
1

�
y � rYJ .._____.
" i_j
' r' ' . ,
r• '_j x � c L' "' ' '
, . , ·�
�
[!j J
_ I_
·

v
'I T X l • L__!_ r1l [l I • L• 'i � ..
�--�· 1$' 'i g
cp \!:; v v
'
v
rv v v
')!t' " ..,�
v
Y vT�Ys
• T I I
' 1': I
I
8 :Japua.:�-ap poo6 e JOU S! a:»a ! d pauu ! d v U !d
 617
·-·-
I
:-· t'p- --·-·- �---··-·� �·ll J
-r--:L
-.-
v vv vv v cp v � rv 1
v I v w v Tl
v w
� �
' L I .---. ,.
' .I T y'"'[T
'I('- � l!
Am ll � T .l ' ] Am L_
- - .
� --
e1 t i . -j ,,. " I r J I - -----------
r .
.
- � �
r Cf> ·
r-
Cfl ll � [ I 1 vv J v
! r
\?) V
V r-
v _L-j

lv
v v v -�� l �
Tr . J " <$' T
Am T T
I '
I
_
e 1. , 1'11 ' 1 ' 1 1 _j •
::___ _ _ __

J
ll ' I
r ll�. � - w T l:r �-w - ll
v v � v v v rv lv v � v ft?a v v v
v V C?l
I
\?) • w ']
" • " '
' ' ' ' , , , ..
_ _ , __ _ ______ _
_ ---
I T. 'I . 1. • '! hl.
-- � -- lt'p I
T ll � l MA
-'l
v v v v . v v' v v
v v v
w
�
' T . ,y
' ' "' '
II • � ��]
'f/ : X ! W U !d
d<JJ\ p.lllfl 0'>
� � � ll
v 'W v
v \!J t-t v
"
T
• • L---1
n x;r
v �� �
v I v r � . I v v
I

�\? :··/��; �
�-
I_'_ . v T v
'
�
'
Y T Y
�- Al. 'i I •
­ ,-- - ;-
.- ---;-
� tr Il Il � ��
v v v !@:. v AW. · Tv . vv
I C?
\!J \!J '\l ' v v v
v v T v lv
'»
'I 7!' '
��� -r, .
, ., ' L � ,, , . ,
�
•
1'- j' , •
� I 1: Il
V . L � V v
-· ,--
v _J L_J 'J: \!J
v
- \!] I I
v
" ,. �
• ·r- •
' ,
hl. Y y ·y y hi. T y y ·y
J • •x . . -Jr x
: Je aJlH a4� �!�uap1 u o!�e �ua po
Orientation Identify the threat: B

I
8 tD 8 I
£, � 8 b 8
ll �

8 )
b b
��--tjj �_ I

--
I. .i.. • .t. - .•
r
• •
• l l � l l l ll
� � .
l � b
� .i..
8 tjj 8 8
8 8 8 'Y!J/ 8 � 8 8 8
--� __j �tjj - � � - m
Pawn e n d i ng Key squares : B

-- ---'

I �

Th ird si�>J'
Pawn ending Key squares: C
Test Repetition: C

X • •

.t .t .t. .t. .t.

I .t. ..
'li' ; .t. .t.
!::,
� jl, t::, I

t::, t::, C[j b b 1

L - _ ___# -� -

__
I --i E _ •

l · � �� ·
I 8 .t..t.

b 8
(� 8 'JI/i CiJ 8 � !::,
1:. -
'-- � � I

•
l .� .
� .. ' ' '
.t 1 ..
.t. jl,
8i � CiJ
8 � !::, !::, CiJ
!::, �8 8 ' t::, 8 !::, 8 , 8 8 !::,
� -� ��

54 Third �tcp
Test Mix: F

•
,---- - -

8 �
8
�=-- �· , � _j
=-

--.,---
.i - � • :i •
� -

i .ft. � ' 'I • ii

I ' I
' '�
'
I

I
I

�
.ft. � §;. •
lLJ �
!3J � �� � 8
a: iY � �J <lit d I

55
Test M ix: G

.!. n•
'i¥

� {jJ 81
i 8 8
8 'i¥ 8 8 I
I

� - ---- -�__J'

. II-
--

I
,

I ' i jd
Jt\ jd

8 I I
8 8 � 18 �I
8 CfJ 8 � 8 8 8 ��
jd ---- �� jd
' l1
1
1

L_ �

• .t
''

I
'if!
I

56 Third step
Learning chess Step by Step

The Step by Step learning system is an officially acknowledged method by the Dutch Chess
Federation. It has been successfully adopted by the maj ority of chess clubs and schools in the
Netherlands and Belgium.
The whole system consists of workbooks with exercises and manua ls for teachers and trainers.

Appeared in English up till now:

Manual for chess trainers: Step 1, Step 2

Workbook: Step 1, Step 2, Step 3, Step 4

You will find updated information on our website at: www.stappenmethode.nl

 ISBN 90-77275

9 789077 275 3